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Journal articles on the topic "Culicoides biting midges"
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Žiegytė, Rita, Rasa Bernotienė, and Vaidas Palinauskas. "Culicoides segnis and Culicoides pictipennis Biting Midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), New Reported Vectors of Haemoproteus Parasites." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050898.
Full textAbstract:
As bloodsuckers of birds, Culicoides biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) play an important role in the transmission of avian haemosporidian (Haemoproteus) parasites, which are prevalent in many bird populations and cause disease, pathology, or even mortality in their hosts. Information about the role of the various Culicoides species in the transmission of Haemoproteus parasites remains insufficient. This presents an obstacle for the better understanding of the epizootiology of haemoproteosis. The aim of this study was to determine new Culicoides species involved in the transmission of Haemoproteus parasites in the wild. Biting midges were collected using UV traps on the Curonian Spit, Lithuania. Only parous Culicoides females were investigated: they were identified and were diagnosed for the presence of Haemoproteus parasites using both microscopy and PCR-based methods. We collected and dissected 420 parous Culicoides females. PCR-based screening showed that 28 parous Culicoides biting midges were infected with avian Haemoproteus parasites. Haemoproteid DNA was detected in Culicoides kibunensis, Culicoides pictipennis, Culicoides festivipennis, Culicoides segnis, Culicoides pallidicornis, and Culicoides obsoletus biting midges. The DNA of Haemoproteus palloris, genetic lineage hWW1, was found for the first time in C. pallidicornis. Haemoproteus sporozoites were detected in the salivary glands of two Culicoides segnis biting midges. According to the PCR results, one female contained Haemoproteus tartakovskyi (genetic lineage hHAWF1) DNA and another Haemoproteus majoris (genetic lineage hCCF5) DNA. The sporozoites of Haemoproteus parasites were also detected in the salivary glands of four C. pictipennis biting midges using microscopy, and this finding was confirmed by PCR as Haemoproteus parabelopolskyi DNA (genetic lineage hSYAT02) was detected in three out of the four biting midges. The obtained results supplement existing information about Culicoides biting midges as natural vectors of Haemoproteus spp. and add two new Culicoides species to the vector list, showing the low specificity of these parasites for the invertebrate hosts.
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Žiegytė, Rita, Rasa Bernotienė, and Vaidas Palinauskas. "Culicoides segnis and Culicoides pictipennis Biting Midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), New Reported Vectors of Haemoproteus Parasites." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050898.
Full textAbstract:
As bloodsuckers of birds, Culicoides biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) play an important role in the transmission of avian haemosporidian (Haemoproteus) parasites, which are prevalent in many bird populations and cause disease, pathology, or even mortality in their hosts. Information about the role of the various Culicoides species in the transmission of Haemoproteus parasites remains insufficient. This presents an obstacle for the better understanding of the epizootiology of haemoproteosis. The aim of this study was to determine new Culicoides species involved in the transmission of Haemoproteus parasites in the wild. Biting midges were collected using UV traps on the Curonian Spit, Lithuania. Only parous Culicoides females were investigated: they were identified and were diagnosed for the presence of Haemoproteus parasites using both microscopy and PCR-based methods. We collected and dissected 420 parous Culicoides females. PCR-based screening showed that 28 parous Culicoides biting midges were infected with avian Haemoproteus parasites. Haemoproteid DNA was detected in Culicoides kibunensis, Culicoides pictipennis, Culicoides festivipennis, Culicoides segnis, Culicoides pallidicornis, and Culicoides obsoletus biting midges. The DNA of Haemoproteus palloris, genetic lineage hWW1, was found for the first time in C. pallidicornis. Haemoproteus sporozoites were detected in the salivary glands of two Culicoides segnis biting midges. According to the PCR results, one female contained Haemoproteus tartakovskyi (genetic lineage hHAWF1) DNA and another Haemoproteus majoris (genetic lineage hCCF5) DNA. The sporozoites of Haemoproteus parasites were also detected in the salivary glands of four C. pictipennis biting midges using microscopy, and this finding was confirmed by PCR as Haemoproteus parabelopolskyi DNA (genetic lineage hSYAT02) was detected in three out of the four biting midges. The obtained results supplement existing information about Culicoides biting midges as natural vectors of Haemoproteus spp. and add two new Culicoides species to the vector list, showing the low specificity of these parasites for the invertebrate hosts.
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Kampen, Helge, and Doreen Werner. "Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as Vectors of Viruses." Microorganisms 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2023): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112706.
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Biting midges of the genus Culicoides occur almost globally and can regionally and seasonally reach high abundances. Most species are hematophagous, feeding on all groups of vertebrates, including humans. In addition to being nuisance pests, they are able to transmit disease agents, with some viruses causing high morbidity and/or mortality in ruminants, horses and humans. Despite their impact on animal husbandry, public health and tourism, knowledge on the biology and ecology of culicoid biting midges and their interactions with ingested pathogens or symbiotic microorganisms is limited. Research is challenging due to unknown larval habitats, the insects’ tiny size, the inability to establish and breed most species in the laboratory and the laborious maintenance of colonies of the few species that can be reared in the laboratory. Consequently, the natural transmission of pathogens has experimentally been demonstrated for few species while, for others, only indirect evidence of vector potential exists. Most experimental data are available for Culicoides sonorensis and C. nubeculosus, the only species kept in western-world insectaries. This contribution gives an overview on important biting midge vectors, transmitted viruses, culicoid-borne viral diseases and their epidemiologies and summarizes the little knowledge on interactions between biting midges, their microflora and culicoid-borne arboviruses.
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Rozo-Lopez, Paula, and Barbara S. Drolet. "Culicoides-Specific Fitness Increase of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Insect-to-Insect Infections." Insects 15, no. 1 (January 5, 2024): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15010034.
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Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an arthropod-borne virus affecting livestock. In the United States, sporadic outbreaks result in significant economic losses. During epizootics, Culicoides biting midges are biological vectors and key to the geographic expansion of outbreaks. Additionally, Culicoides may play a role in VSV overwintering because females and males are capable of highly efficient venereal transmission, despite their relatively low virus titers. We hypothesized that VSV propagated within a midge has increased fitness for subsequent midge infections. To evaluate the potential host-specific fitness increase, we propagated three viral isolates of VSV in porcine skin fibroblasts and Culicoides cell lines. We then evaluated the viral infection dynamics of the different cell-source groups in Culicoides sonorensis. Our results indicate that both mammalian- and insect-derived VSV replicate well in midges inoculated via intrathoracic injection, thereby bypassing the midgut barriers. However, when the virus was required to infect and escape the midgut barrier to disseminate after oral acquisition, the insect-derived viruses had significantly higher titers, infection, and dissemination rates than mammalian-derived viruses. Our research suggests that VSV replication in Culicoides cells increases viral fitness, facilitating midge-to-midge transmission and subsequent replication, and further highlights the significance of Culicoides midges in VSV maintenance and transmission dynamics.
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Sunantaraporn, Sakone, Thanaporn Hortiwakul, Kanyarat Kraivichian, Padet Siriyasatien, and Narisa Brownell. "Molecular Identification of Host Blood Meals and Detection of Blood Parasites in Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Collected from Phatthalung Province, Southern Thailand." Insects 13, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13100912.
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Five hundred and fifty-nine female biting midges were collected, and seventeen species in six subgenera (Avaritia, Haemophoructus, Hoffmania, Meijerehelea, Remmia, and Trithecoides) and two groups (Clavipalpis and Shortti) were identified. The dominant Culicoides species was C. peregrinus (30.94%), followed by C. subgenus Trithecoides. From blood meal analysis of engorged biting midges, they were found to feed on cows, dogs, pigs, and avians. The majority of blood preferences of biting midges (68%; 49/72) displayed a mixed pattern of host blood DNA (cow and avian). The overall non-engorged biting midge field infectivity rate was 1.44 % (7/487). We detected Leucocytozoon sp. in three Culicoides specimens, one from each species: C. fulvus, C. oxystoma, and C. subgenus Trithecoides. Crithidia sp. was found in two C. peregrinus specimens, and Trypanosoma sp. and P. juxtanucleare were separately found in two C. guttifer. More consideration should be paid to the capacity of biting midges to transmit pathogens such as avian haemosporidian and trypanosomatid parasites. To demonstrate that these biting midges are natural vectors of trypanosomatid parasites, additional research must be conducted with a greater number of biting midges in other endemic regions.
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BUKAUSKAITĖ, DOVILĖ, RASA BERNOTIENĖ, TATJANA A. IEZHOVA, and GEDIMINAS VALKIŪNAS. "Mechanisms of mortality in Culicoides biting midges due to Haemoproteus infection." Parasitology 143, no. 13 (September 9, 2016): 1748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001426.
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SUMMARYWe examined the effects of Haemoproteus infection on the survival and pathology caused in the biting midges. Forty-six females of Culicoides impunctatus were exposed experimentally by allowing them to feed on a naturally infected red-backed shrike infected with Haemoproteus lanii (lineage hRB1, gametocytaemia 5·2%). Seventeen females were fed on an uninfected bird (controls). Dead insects were collected, counted and used for dissection, histological examination and polymerase chain reaction-based testing. Parasites were present in all experimentally infected biting midges, but absent from control insects. Survivorship differed significantly between the control and infected groups. Twelve hours post-exposure (PE), 45 (98%) experimentally infected midges were dead, but all control midges remained alive, and many of them survived until 7 day PE. The migrating ookinetes of H. lanii overfilled midgut, markedly damaged the midgut wall, entered the haemocoel and overfilled the abdomen and thorax of exposed biting midges. Massive infection by migrating ookinetes led to damage of abdomen and thorax of biting midges. The parasites often present in large clumps in the haemocoel in abdomen and thorax, leading to the interruption of the haemolymph circulation. These are the main reasons for rapid death of biting midges after feeding on high-intensity infections of Haemoproteus parasites.
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BLOSSER, ERIK M., BETHANY L. MCGREGOR, and NATHAN D. BURKETT-CADENA. "A photographic key to the adult female biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) of Florida, USA." Zootaxa 5433, no. 2 (April 5, 2024): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5433.2.1.
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The biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) are a diverse group of blood-feeding flies that includes numerous pest and vector species. Major gaps exist in our knowledge of the biology and ecology of the majority of Culicoides spp., due in part to a lack of keys for identifying the biting midges of a given region. In Florida, USA, The Sand Flies of Florida (Blanton and Wirth, 1979) has been a foundational resource for biting midge identification since its publication. The identification keys to the 47 biting midge species (and one subspecies) in The Sand Flies of Florida are not illustrated, however, and frequently rely upon microscopic features (spermathecae, antennal sensory pattern, number of teeth on mandible) as discriminating characters. Here we provide an updated photographic key to 49 nominal species of Culicoides from Florida, USA. The revised key orders characters so that species of nuisance, medical or veterinary importance can be reliably identified without slide mounting, an aspect that should facilitate ecological field work. Synoptic tables summarize the taxonomic affinity, distribution, abundance, seasonality, and medical / veterinary importance of the Culicoides spp. from Florida, compiled from published sources.
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Lloyd, Aaron M. "FIELD EVALUATION OF TALSTAR (BIFENTHRIN) RESIDENTIAL BARRIER TREATMENTS ALONE AND IN CONJUNCTION WITH MOSQUITO MAGNET LIBERTY PLUS TRAPS IN CEDAR KEY, FLORIDA." Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association 68, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v68i1.129100.
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The effectiveness of bifenthrin applications to vegetation with and without commercial mosquito traps (Mosquito Magnet Liberty Plus) was evaluated against Culicoides biting midges in a residential coastal area located in Cedar Key, Florida. Efficacy evaluations were determined by surveillance trap collections and modified landing rate counts. In general, all treatments provided significant reduction from Culicoides biting midge pressure when compared with untreated yards with no traps (control). However, the combination of bifenthrin and Liberty Plus traps proved to be the most successful in reducing Culicoides compared with yards with only a Liberty Plus trap. Yards treated with bifenthrin alone or in combination with the Liberty Plus trap were more successful than controls, suggesting that Culicoides biting midge population suppression may be obtained through barrier application alone.
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da Conceição Abreu Bandeira, Maria, Allane Barros Cerqueira, Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes, Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil, and José Manuel Macário Rebêlo. "Diversity of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Rural Settlements and Degraded Seasonal Deciduous Forests." Journal of Medical Entomology 59, no. 1 (October 11, 2021): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab150.
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Abstract Biting midges are widespread in Brazilian natural ecosystems. However, deforestation and other activities that impact the environment are reducing natural habitats where biting midges proliferate. The objective of this study was to verify whether there is variation in the composition, richness, abundance, and seasonality of biting midges between wild and rural environments, in a forest area with intense deforestation. Biting midges were captured using 6 traps installed at an average height of 1.5 m in the peridomicile, intradomicile, and deciduous seasonal forests, once a month from May 2012 to April 2013. In total, 2,182 specimens of 13 species of the genus Culicoides were captured. Species richness was similar in the intradomicile (13 species), forest (12), and peridomicile (11), but species diversity was greater in the peridomicile (H’ = 0.803) compared with the intradomicile (H’ = 0.717) and forest (H’ = 0.687). The order of species dominance varied between the forest (Culicoides paucienfuscatus Barbosa > Culicoides leopodoi Ortiz > Culicoides foxi Ortiz > Culicoides ignacioi Forattini) and peridomicile + intradomicile habitats (C. paucienfuscatus > C. foxi > C. filariferus Hoffman > C. ignacioi). The activity of these dipterans was strongly influenced by meteorological variables, as biting midges are predominant in the rainy season (80.7% of specimens), when higher rainfall, relative humidity, and lower temperatures prevail. The abundance of biting midges was higher in the peridomicile + intradomicile (83.7% of specimens) compared with the degraded forest (16.3%), a result that reflects the loss of forest habitat due to intense and progressive deforestation.
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Chagas, Carolina Romeiro Fernandes, Carolina Hernández-Lara, Mélanie Duc, Kristina Valavičiūtė-Pocienė, and Rasa Bernotienė. "What Can Haemosporidian Lineages Found in Culicoides Biting Midges Tell Us about Their Feeding Preferences?" Diversity 14, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14110957.
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Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) parasites are transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. However, the natural vectors of only six of the almost 180 recognized Haemoproteus species have been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate wild biting midges naturally infected with Haemoproteus and to understand the interaction network between Culicoides and Haemoproteus in Europe. Culicoides were collected with UV light traps from different sites in Lithuania. Parous females were morphologically identified based on their wings and heads. PCR-based methods were used to detect the Haemoproteus DNA, and salivary gland preparations were analyzed for the presence of sporozoites. Of the 580 Culicoides analyzed, 5.9% were positive for Haemoproteus DNA, and sporozoites were found in two of 11 sampled biting midge species: Culicoides kibunensis and Culicoides segnis. The interaction network revealed that C. kibunensis and C. segnis are frequently associated with several Haemoproteus lineages. On the other hand, some Haemoproteus lineages were found to interact with only one Culicoides species. This was the first report of C. segnis being a competent vector for H. minutus TURDUS2, H. asymmetricus TUPHI01, H. majoris PHSIB1, and H. fringillae CCF3; and of C. kibunensis being a competent vector for H. belopolskyi HIICT1. Culicoides segnis and C. kibunensis are both important vectors of Haemoproteus parasites.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Culicoides biting midges"
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Wittmann, Emma Jane. "Temperature and the transmission of arboviruses by Culicoides biting midges." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/8e2879e9-8ad4-439e-9f6d-4e36a6a8afea.
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Fu, Haiyan. "Mechanisms controlling the infection of Culicoides biting midges with bluetongue virus." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14153.
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The mechanisms controlling the transmission of bluetongue virus (DTV) by vector Culicoides species were studied using immunohistochemistry, virus titration assays, in vitro transmission tests, viral binding protein analyses and transmission electron microscopy. After infection with BTV by intrathoracic (IT) inoculation, 100% of C. variipennis individuals from a susceptible colony developed a fully disseminated infection and transmitted the virus through their saliva. However only 35.4% of midges were . persistently infected after ingestion of an infectious blood meal, while only 12.1 % of persistently infected midges transmitted the virus through their saliva. The titres of BTV were about 10,·oTCIDsJmidge [Standard error of means (SEM) of log-transformed data=0.15, n=1400] in IT inoculated midges and varied from 0.32 to lQs.oTCIDsJmidge in orally infected individuals. Only those midges containing ~1 03.oTCIDso of BTV could transmit the virus through their saliva. The following patterns were observed in orally (persistently) infected individuals: 1) virus was restricted to the anterior and posterior midgut, and the foregut-midgut junction; 2) virus replicated in the gut cells, disseminated into the haemocoel but could only be detected in a few sporadic fat body cells beyond the gut; 3) virus escaped from the gut cells into the haemocoel and replicated in some secondary organs/tissues but at low levels; 4) a fully disseminated infection was observed and virus replicated in the haemocoel and secondary organs/tissues, including the salivary glands, at high levels. The infection of the gut can be divided into two main types: 1) virus replication in gut cells ranging from very low to higher levels but with virus spread throughout the cytoplasm of the infected cells; 2) virus positive reaction restricted to endosome-like structures in the cytoplasm of some gut cells. BTV was detected in the anterior and posterior midgut, foregut-midgut junction, fat body, ganglia, salivary glands and ommatidia of the compound eyes of some infected midges. No virus was ever found in the hindgut cells, muscles, Malpighian tubes and oocytes/nurse cells of the ovaries. BTV infection of the salivary glands of C. l'ariipcnnis was shown to follow a typical pattern. Virus entered the acinar cells from the haemococl passing through the basement membrane, then localised and replicated in virus inclusion bodies (VIBs) in the cytoplasm of acinar cells. Mature progeny virus particles were released into acini, then transported through intermediate ducts and accumulated in crystalline arrays in the lumen of the major secretory ducts. No virus was released back into the haemocoel through the basement membrane; nor was virus released back into acinar cells from the acini. Nervous tissue of C. l'ariipennis is one of the most susceptible tissues to BTV. Ultrastructural observation showed characteristics ofBTV replication, including formation of VIBs, large amounts of progeny virus particles and tubules, in infected thoracic ganglia. A 60-kD viral protein adhered to both BHK-21 (mammalian) cells and a Culicoides cell line, KC cells. A 44-kD BTV viral protein, co-migrating with non structural protein NS2, adsorbed to BHK-21 cells but not to KC cells, while a 39.6 kD viral protein, co-migrating with major inner capsid protein VP7, adhered only to KC cells but not to BHK-21 cells.
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Labuschagne, K., LJ Gerber, I. Espie, and S. Carpenter. "Culicoides biting midges at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa." Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001257.
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Abstract
Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are responsible for the transmission of a large
number of pathogens to livestock and wild animals. In this study the presence of the genus, using light
traps based at four different sites within the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, was investigated
during 2002-2004. In total, 37species were recorded, including large numbers of Culicoides
irnicola Kieffer, 1913, which is responsible for the transmission of economically important arboviruses
in South Africa, Europe, Middle and Far East. These results are discussed with reference to the wider
Culicoides fauna in the Onderstepoort area of South Africa, their vector competence as well as biosecurity
at the National Zoological Gardens.
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Chaudhuri, Pinaki Prasad. "A Taxonomic study of the Culicoides biting midges (Ceratopogonidae : Diptera : insecta) of West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/985.
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Marsh, Peter Michael. "Ecological studies on Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with reference to its control in the Highlands of Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15275.
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Page, Patrick Collin. "Investigation of methods for protection of horses in jet stalls against Culicoides biting midges." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53307.
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Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), specifically Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer and Culicoides (Avaritia) bolitinos Meiswinkel have been implicated as vectors of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV) in southern Africa. Intercontinental trade is a potential mechanism whereby midge-borne viruses, such as AHSV, may be introduced into immunologically naive horse populations. Horses in containerised air transport systems (jet stalls) may be at risk of exposure to Culicoides midges during international export from South Africa. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has recently recommended that during export from, and transit through, African horse sickness (AHS) endemic countries or zones, measures of a physical and chemical nature are applied to protect horses from Culicoides midge attack. To contribute to information on effective measures of protection and to generate data on the effect of these on welfare of horses in jet stalls, the efficacy and safety of alphacypermethrin-treated high density polyethylene (HDPE) mesh applied to jet stalls as a method for protection of horses against Culicoides midges was investigated at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort.
Firstly, the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh against Culicoides midges was determined using Onderstepoort 220V downdraught black light traps and a contact bioassay. Three traps were operated overnight in four replicates of a 3 x 3 randomised Latin square design near horses. Both an untreated and alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the numbers of Culicoides midges, predominantly C. imicola, collected in the light traps by 4.2 and 7.2 times, respectively. A repellent effect of the alphacypermethrin-treated mesh was not confirmed because the number of midges collected in the light traps with untreated and alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh were not significantly different (P = 0.656). Bioassay of the insecticidal contact efficacy indicated median C. imicola mortality of 100% from 30 and 10 min following exposure to the alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh for 1 or 3 min, respectively. In the bioassay, mortality was significantly higher (P = 0.016) at 5 min post exposure in the midges exposed to the alphacypermethrin-treated mesh for 3 min (74.8%) compared to the 1 min exposure group (59.5%).
Secondly, the efficacy of alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh applied to jet stalls against Culicoides midges was determined by mechanical aspiration of midges from horses and using light traps in four blocks of a 3 x 2 randomised design. The alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh applied to the stall significantly (P = 0.008) reduced the number of Culicoides midges, predominantly C. imicola, mechanically aspirated from horses housed in the stall. The mesh reduced the Culicoides midge attack rate in the treated stall compared to the untreated stall and a sentinel horse by 6 times and 14 times, respectively. The number of Culicoides midges and C. imicola collected in light traps from the untreated and alphacypermethrin HDPE mesh-treated stalls did not differ significantly (P = 0.82).
Finally, the effect of alphacypermethrin insecticide-treated HDPE mesh on ventilation and welfare of horses housed in jet stalls was determined under temperate, climatic conditions. Jet stall microclimate, clinical variables and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) of 12 horses were monitored during overnight housing in either a treated or untreated jet stall in two blocks of a 2 x 3 randomized crossover design. Temperature difference between the treated stall and outside differed significantly from the difference between the untreatedThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Companion Animal Clinical Studies
PhD
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Riegler, Lutz. "Variation in African horse sickness virus and its effect on the vector competence of culicoides biting midges." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843/.
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Chitra, Eric, and n/a. "Bionomics of Culicoides molestus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): a pest biting midge in Gold Coast canal estates." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041119.101151.
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Culicoides molestus (Skuse) is the major species of biting midge that plagues human comfort in the estuarine Gold Coast region of southeast Queensland. Local authorities have initiated a search for an effective, non-chemical means of control, that would minimize human-midge interaction. The effectiveness of a program to control an organism, such as a biting midge, is dependent upon knowledge of the biology of the particular organism of interest. This project revolved examines the lifecycle of C. molestus in detail. It addresses questions regarding the location, seasonal distribution, and dispersal of its juvenile stages in the sand of infested beaches, and their response to chemical treatment, the monthly and annual cycles of the adult midge, and the possibilities of achieving laboratory oviposition, as a first step to laboratory colonisation. The distribution of eggs, larvae and pupae of C. molestus was found to be mostly concentrated around, but below, mean tide level. They also occurred well below the mean tide level. Eggs and larvae have been recovered from as deep as 10 cm in the sand. A seasonal study of the juveniles of this species indicated that they were more strongly influenced by tides than seasons. After a routine pest-control larviciding treatment, a beach recolonisation study revealed that beaches become suitable for oviposition approximately two months after treatment. Large larvae invaded the sprayed areas within days of treatment, which suggests the existence of a refuge outside of the reach of the insecticide. Larvae found in clean (egg- and larva-free), isolated sand containers, placed on the study beach, indicated that larvae could swim in or on the water as a way of moving around the beach. Extended bite-rate studies highlighted the existence of four peaks in adult midge biting activity during the course of a year, around the mid seasons. The strongest peaks of activity were found to be in autumn and spring, but the data suggest that the species undergoes four generations in a year. Through a series of trial-and-error experiments, oviposition under laboratory conditions was achieved. Although the time from blood-feeding to egg maturation is not yet well determined, it occurs within an eight day mean survival period. Blood quality appears critical for adult blood-fed midge survival. Midges fed on the blood of a volunteer who was frequently exposed to midge bites do not live long enough to mature its eggs. The partial ovarial development of one unfed adult female, reared in the laboratory, indicates that C. molestus is facultatively anautogenous.
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Chitra, Eric. "Bionomics of Culicoides molestus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): a pest biting midge in Gold Coast canal estates." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367178.
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Culicoides molestus (Skuse) is the major species of biting midge that plagues human comfort in the estuarine Gold Coast region of southeast Queensland. Local authorities have initiated a search for an effective, non-chemical means of control, that would minimize human-midge interaction. The effectiveness of a program to control an organism, such as a biting midge, is dependent upon knowledge of the biology of the particular organism of interest. This project revolved examines the lifecycle of C. molestus in detail. It addresses questions regarding the location, seasonal distribution, and dispersal of its juvenile stages in the sand of infested beaches, and their response to chemical treatment, the monthly and annual cycles of the adult midge, and the possibilities of achieving laboratory oviposition, as a first step to laboratory colonisation. The distribution of eggs, larvae and pupae of C. molestus was found to be mostly concentrated around, but below, mean tide level. They also occurred well below the mean tide level. Eggs and larvae have been recovered from as deep as 10 cm in the sand. A seasonal study of the juveniles of this species indicated that they were more strongly influenced by tides than seasons. After a routine pest-control larviciding treatment, a beach recolonisation study revealed that beaches become suitable for oviposition approximately two months after treatment. Large larvae invaded the sprayed areas within days of treatment, which suggests the existence of a refuge outside of the reach of the insecticide. Larvae found in clean (egg- and larva-free), isolated sand containers, placed on the study beach, indicated that larvae could swim in or on the water as a way of moving around the beach. Extended bite-rate studies highlighted the existence of four peaks in adult midge biting activity during the course of a year, around the mid seasons. The strongest peaks of activity were found to be in autumn and spring, but the data suggest that the species undergoes four generations in a year. Through a series of trial-and-error experiments, oviposition under laboratory conditions was achieved. Although the time from blood-feeding to egg maturation is not yet well determined, it occurs within an eight day mean survival period. Blood quality appears critical for adult blood-fed midge survival. Midges fed on the blood of a volunteer who was frequently exposed to midge bites do not live long enough to mature its eggs. The partial ovarial development of one unfed adult female, reared in the laboratory, indicates that C. molestus is facultatively anautogenous.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
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Breidenbaugh, Mark. "Testing Effects of Aerial Spray Technologies on Biting Flies and Nontarget Insects at the Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot, South Carolina, USA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1228223589.
Full textBooks on the topic "Culicoides biting midges"
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Flight of the midgie!: Stories of Scotland's tiniest biting beasties. Glasgow: Lang Syne, 1990.
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Hunt, G. J. A procedural manual for the large-scale rearing of the biting midge, Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Culicoides biting midges"
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Burgess, N. R. H., and G. O. Cowan. "Biting midges (Culicoides)." In A Colour Atlas of Medical Entomology, 39–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1548-3_4.
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Berry, Colin, Jason M. Meyer, Marjorie A. Hoy, John B. Heppner, William Tinzaara, Clifford S. Gold, Clifford S. Gold, et al. "Biting Midges, Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 510–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_347.
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Ortega, M. D., P. S. Mellor, P. Rawlings, and M. J. Pro. "The seasonal and geographical distribution of Culicoides imicola, C. pulicaris group and C. obsoletus group biting midges in central and southern Spain." In African Horse Sickness, 85–91. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6823-3_9.
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Foxi, Cipriano, Giuseppe Satta, Giantonella Puggioni, and Ciriaco Ligios. "Biting Midges (Ceratopogonidae, Culicoides)." In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818731-9.00005-7.
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Slama, Darine, Emna Chaker, and Hamouda Babba. "Morphological Keys for the Identification of Tunisian Culicoides Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)." In The Wonders of Diptera - Characteristics, Diversity, and Significance for the World's Ecosystems. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96656.
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Culicoides biting midges are tiny blood-feeding insects of several diseases with veterinary and public health significance, including Bluetongue in ruminants, African horse sickness in equids and filarial diseases like Onchocercosis and Mansonellosis affecting various species such as humans. Their identification depends basically on the microscope examination of key morphological characters. Consequently, identification keys are important to any non experiment working with these biting midges. The Tunisian fauna of Culicoides biting midges consists of 35 species, whose morphological delineation may be troublesome for non-taxonomists. In response to this situation, and for the first time a key to the adult Culicoides species in Tunisia was prepared.
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Ghosh, Shrinka. "Culicoides species: The Biting Midges." In A Basic Overview of Environment and Sustainable Development, 80–91. International Academic Publishing House (IAPH), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/boesd.2022.e01.008.
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Pesticides are important for protecting agricultural crops against harmful pests. However, pesticide usage has become a serious issue of concern as they cause severe damage to the ecosystem and environment. Organophosphates are one of the most extensively applied insecticides in agriculture. Agricultural runoff containing pesticide-laden effluent ultimately pollutes the aquatic environment. Pollutants introduced to aquatic ecosystems are absorbed by various flora and fauna, including fish, causing harmful effects and mortality. The LC50 values of a few organophosphate pesticides in several fish species and other investigations relevant to sublethal toxic effects such as haematological, biochemical, histopathological, and behavioural alterations were reviewed in this article.
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Gubbins, Simon. "Population Biology of Culicoides-Borne Viruses of Livestock in Europe." In Population Biology of Vector-Borne Diseases, 119–34. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853244.003.0007.
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Culicoides biting midges are the principal vectors for a number of internationally important arboviruses that infect animals. Over recent decades two viruses they transmit, bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV), have emerged as major threats to European livestock. Here, the host, vector, viral, and environmental factors which influence the transmission of these viruses are reviewed. The influence of these factors on the patterns of spread that followed their emergence are explored, both for different viruses (BTV and SBV) and for different strains of the same virus (BTV). Finally, consideration is given to the longer-term dynamics of Culicoides-borne viruses and, in particular, their ability to persist from one vector season to the next.
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Burnham, Gilbert. "Cutaneous filariasis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 1478–87. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0173.
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The cutaneous filariae are transmitted by biting insects. Some, such as Onchocerca volvulus, are transmitted by Simulium flies and can cause debilitating conditions such as visual impairment and disfiguring skin conditions. The Mansonella infections are transmitted either by Simulium flies or biting midges (genus Culicoides), but consequences of infections are general mild. Loa loa is transmitted by the bite of the Chrysops fly. Loaisis is manifest by adult worms periodically passing beneath the sclera and by subcutaneous swellings, usually of the forearm. Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, historically occurred in 34 countries in Africa, Yemen, and Latin America. It is estimated that 18 million people are infected, and 87 million at risk of infection. Most are in Africa. Mass treatment with ivermectin has now greatly lessened the ocular burden of infection.
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Logan, James G., James I. Cook, A. Jennifer Mordue (Luntz), and Dan L. Kline. "Understanding and exploiting olfaction for the surveillance and control of Culicoides biting midges." In Olfaction in vector-host interactions, 217–46. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086866984_012.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Culicoides biting midges"
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Fedorova, O. A. "TO THE FAUNA OF MIDGES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) AND BITING MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-40.
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On the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, the study of midges and biting midges was carried out during the exploration of new oil and gas deposits in the second half of the 20th century. Currently, the study of the spread of midges and biting midges is relevant, since they are carriers of a number of infectious and invasive diseases of animals and humans. The fauna of blood-sucking diptera insects of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is represented by 116 species. The faunal list of blood-sucking midges of the region is represented by 24 species, including 1 – Simulium paramorsitans, biting midges by 33 species, including 1 species –Culicoides punctatus. This species was first indicated both for the tundra zone and for the region. Today the topic is relevant and requires further research.
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Gopurenko, David. "DNA barcoding for species identification of biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) from Australasia and Eastern Asia." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.104218.
Full textReports on the topic "Culicoides biting midges"
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Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.
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- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.