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Journal articles on the topic 'Culex quinquefasciatus Say'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Wulandari, Destyana Ayu, Retno Hestiningsih, Lintang Dian Saraswati, and Sri Rahayu. "Pengaruh Pemberian Brusein A dari Biji Buah Makasar (Brucea javanica L. Merr) terhadap Kematian Larva Culex quinquefasciatus Say." Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas 5, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jekk.v5i2.5156.

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Background: This study aims to determine the effect of brusein A from Macassar fruit seeds (Brucea javanica (L) Merr) on the death of larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus Say.Methods: This research was an explanatory research using experimental method with post test only control group design. The sample was larvae Cx. quinquefaciatus Say. The distribution of the sample treatment and control groups was done randomly. Data analysis using Probit to determine the value of LC50, LC90, LT50, LT90. Further tests use ANOVA if the data are normally distributed and homogeneous, but if the data is not normally distributed or not homogeneous using Kruskal wallis.Result: The results showed that the highest percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae mortality after administration of various concentrations of brusein A compared with temefos was at a concentration of 27 ppm, which was 55.29 percent. The higher the concentration, the higher the percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say deaths. The highest percentage of deaths after administration of various brusein A concentrations takes 24 hours, namely 91.13 percent. The longer time used, the higher the percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say deaths. LC50 was 18.833 ppm. LC90 was 68,852 ppm. The LT50 value was 437,639 minutes or 7 hours 18 minutes. The LT90 value was 1103.403 minutes or 18 hours 23 minutes. There was a difference in the average number of deaths in the brusein A concentration group (p=0.000).Conclusion: There was a difference in the average number of deaths of Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae in the time group (p=0.000). So, there is the influence of the administration of brusein A isolated from Makasar fruit seeds (Brucea javanica (L) Merr) against the death of larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus Say.

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2

Kumar, Satish, and Dr Sunit Kumar Srivastava. "Mosquito Larvicidal Effects of 33 Plants Aqueous Extracts of 14 Different Plants Against Larva of Culex Mosquito." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49438.

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Abstract: In this study, the mosquito larvicidal activity of 33 plant’s aqueous extracts of 14 different plants were studied against the 4th instar larva of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. Different concentration of these plant aqueous extracts for different time duration was assessed on C. quinquefasciatus but the larvae showed negligible effects. These observation suggest that a very negligible better to say no larvicidal activity seen by these plant’s aqueous extract against Culex quinquefasciatus.

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3

Díaz Nieto, Leonardo Martín, Alberico Fernando Murúa, Florencia Andrea Cano, Magdalena Laurito, Walter Ricardo Almirón, and Liliana Salvá. "New records of Culicidae (Diptera) in agricultural oases of San Juan province, Argentina." Check List 16, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 1085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.4.1085.

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We report eight new Culicidae records from San Juan province, Argentina: Anopheles argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827; Anopheles neomaculipalpus Curry, 1931; Culex acharistus Root, 1927; Culex apicinus Philippi, 1965; Culex maxi Dyar, 1928; Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823; Culex saltanensis Dyar, 1928; and Haemagogus spegazzinii Brethes, 1912. The geographic distribution of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Aedes albifasciatus (Macquart, 1838), Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald, 1901, Culex pipiens Linneaus, 1758, Culex tramazayguesi Duret, 1954, and Psorophora cyanescens (Coquillet, 1902) is extended. Data on collection localities, types of breeding sites and health importance are also presented.

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4

Andrade, Carlos Fernando S. de. "Avaliação da sensibilidade de adultos de Culex quinquefasciatus Say a inseticidas químicos de contato." Revista de Saúde Pública 24, no. 4 (August 1990): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101990000400002.

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A sensibilidade de adultos do pernilongo doméstico Culex quinquefasciatus a 5 inseticidas químicos foi avaliada sob condições de laboratório pelo critério de Tempo Letal Mediano (TL50). Foram utilizados o organofosforado Malathion e quatro piretróides: Bifenthrin, Deltamethrin, Esfenvalerate e Alfamethrin. Foi sugerida uma técnica simples e eficiente para se avaliar adultos de um dia de idade incluindo 5 repetições para cada tratamento. Os resultados obtidos mostraram ser o método bastante adequado para avaliações rotineiras. Não ocorreu resistência a esses 5 princípios ativos, na população natural de Culex quinquefasciatus estudada.

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Sahayaraj, Kitherian, S. Iyappan, Manickam Jothimuthu, C. Ajitha, I. Nisha Juliet, and G. Petchidurai. "PLANT STEM INFUSED WATER ON MOSQUITOCIDAL ACTIVITY TO CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY." Journal of Biopesticides 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.110-117.

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Locally available plants, Azadirachta indica, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium and Tamarindus indica stems were infused in water and tested efficiency against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) life stages. Preliminary phytochemical profiling of the plant infused water reveals the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoid, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. Tannins quantification revealed that C. aurantifolia had significantly more amounts than other plants. Citrus aurantium stem infused water (CASIW) caused more mortality to C. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae. Furthermore, CASIW increased larval and pupal developmental period and reduced adult longevity. However, tested plants did not affect the morphology of the insect. Results suggested utilize this indigenous technique to minimize C. quinquefasciatus population.

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6

Sani I, I., U. Yusuf, and M. Suleiman. "Larvicidal potentials of Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces sp on Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae)." Journal of Zoological And Bioscience Research 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24896/jzbr.2017411.

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Biological control potential of Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces species against Culex quinquefasciatus was evaluated. M. anisopliae and Paecilomyces spp was isolated from soil using soil suspension method with selective isolation media. Bioassay was made to determine their efficacy against 4th instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. Three different concentrations; 1x106, 1x107 and 1x108conidia/ml were made and tested. Results showed that, mortality increased as the period of exposure increased and also increased as the conidia concentration increased. The mortality recorded in lowest dose of 106 conidia/ml was 60% and 50% in M. anisopliae and Paecilomyces spp respectively, and again 80% and 70%mortality was recorded at dose of 107 conidia/ml. whereas highest dose level of 108conidia/ml caused high mortality of up to 90% and 80% respectively. The lethal concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) of 4th instars larvae of C. quinquefasciatus was also varied according to concentration of spores and duration of exposure. The result showed that LC50 values of M. anisopliae isolate were 3.8×108, 2.5 x 106, 2.0 x 105 and 1.7x107conidia/ml after 24, 48, 72 and 96 Hours exposure respectively. Similarly, LC50 values Paecilomyces Spp isolate were 5.3×108, 3.8 x 107, 2.0 x 106 and 2.3 x 107conidia/ml after 24, 48, 72 and 96 Hours exposure respectively. the These results indicated that M. anisopliae and Paecilomyces Spp isolated is pathogenic to immature stage of C. quinquefasciatu and could be suggested for development as a biological control for mosquitos’ management.

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7

Gokhale, Mangesh D., Mandar S. Paingankar, and Sachin D. Dhaigude. "Comparison of Biological Attributes of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from India." ISRN Entomology 2013 (June 13, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/451592.

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Understanding the population dynamics of mosquito populations through life table analysis and insecticide susceptibility is important to assess the likely impact of vector control strategies as well as to aid the design of novel interventions. Variation in the life tables and other biological data was compared for two populations of Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 from geographically isolated regions, Gorakhpur and Pune from India. Under a standardized rearing regime and constant laboratory conditions, mosquitoes were reared and biological attributes of these populations were compared. Development and survival of immature and adult stages of Culex quinquefasciatus were found significantly different in Gorakhpur and Pune populations. Principal component analysis of morphological data revealed that the two populations form significantly different clusters which can be differentiated from each other based on siphon, saddle, anal gills, and pecten teeth related variables. Insecticide susceptibility results suggest that the larvae from both areas were more susceptible to deltamethrin as compared to DDT and malathion. The current study provides baseline information on survivorship, morphological variation and insecticide susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus. The results obtained in this study suggest that different geographical areas with contrasting habitats have significant influence on survival and reproductive strategies of Culex quinquefasciatus.

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Branda, María Florencia, Magdalena Laurito, Andrés Mario Visintin, and Walter Ricardo Almirón. "Gonoactivity of Culex (Culex) (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes During Winter in Temperate Argentina." Journal of Medical Entomology 58, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 1454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa295.

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Abstract The subgenus Culex L. includes species involved in summer–autumn arbovirus transmission but studies during winter are scarce in temperate Argentina. Female specimens were collected host-seeking at dry-ice-baited traps during autumn–winter–spring at two sites in Córdoba City during 2016 and 2017. The specimens were morphologically identified and dissected to determine the follicular developmental stage (gonotrophic activity). Females with advanced follicular stages (≥III) were subjected to molecular procedures to confirm or re-identify previous morphological identification. Five species (Culex apicinus Philippi (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex dolosus (Lynch-Arribálzaga) (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex maxi Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex pipiens pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)) were collected and found gonoactive during winter; showing that a high proportion of Culex (Culex) females remain reproductively active during the unfavorable season for mosquito populations. Among them, it is worth noting the collection of Cx. quinquefasciatus, vector of the St. Louis encephalitis virus (endemic in the city), a specimen of Cx. p. pipiens, and a hybrid of Cx. p. pipiens/Cx. quinquefasciatus (during autumn). The study of this community during winter should continue because a high gonoactive female proportion with advanced follicular stages was found: 29.12 and 13.07% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Local studies such as this one provide evidence about ornithophilic Culex species with active year-round life cycles, species that could favor arbovirus overwintering.

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Arimurti, Anindita Riesti Retno. "Keanekaragaman Genetik Nyamuk Vektor Filariasis Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) di Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan Dengan Metode PCR-RAPD." JOURNAL OF MUHAMMADIYAH MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST 1, no. 2 (May 28, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jmlt.v1i2.1496.

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Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of nematode worms, namely Wuchereria bancrofti which is the cause of filariasis in tropical and subtropical countries. Distributed of Cx. quinquefasciatus is widely in Indonesia with differences the geographical, resulting in the adaptation to the environment and may results in a high variation, both phenotypic (morphology) and genotypic (genetic) variation. This study aims was to determine the genetic diversity of mosquitoes Cx.quinquefasciatus as vector filariasis in Pekalongan City and Regent. Genetic characterization performed by PCR-RAPD using three primers, ie OPA-11, OPA-12, and OPA-15. Data were analyzed by using UPGMA algorithm and Simple Matching Coefficient and presented as dendrogram. The results showed a high genetic diversity with the polymorphisms up to 100%. Keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus, vector, filariasis, PCR-RAPD

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10

GOWDA, N. NINGE, and Valiakottukal Achuthan VIJAYAN. "Isozyme variation in Culex quinquefasciatus Say, from Karnataka, India." Medical Entomology and Zoology 45, no. 3 (1994): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.289.

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11

VINCENT, INDIRA, M. SURESH, I. KALAIVANI, and T. V. POONGUZHALI. "Larvicidal Activity of Tolerant Oscillatoria against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/871.

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12

Gu, Zhen-yu, He-ting Gao, Qiao-jiang Yang, Meng Ni, Man-jin Li, Dan Xing, Tong-yan Zhao, Teng Zhao, and Chun-xiao Li. "Screening of olfactory genes related to blood-feeding behaviors in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus by transcriptome analysis." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): e0010204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010204.

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Background Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Cx. quinquefasciatus) and Culex pipiens form molestus Forskal (Cx. molestus) in the Culex pipiens complex group show considerable differences in host seeking, blood feeding, mating behavior and in vector competence. Blood-feeding mosquito behaviors are closely related to their olfactory gene expression and olfactory gene repertoire composition. Comparing olfactory genes between these two subspecies with significantly different blood-feeding behaviors can support further research on the molecular mechanism of the Culex pipiens complex olfactory sensory system, providing a new approach for determining candidate attractant or repellent compounds. Methods Non-blood-feeding (NBF) and post-blood-feeding (PBF) olfactory system transcriptomes of the two subspecies were sequenced, and the biological functions of their differentially expressed genes were described by bioinformatics analysis. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was applied to validate the RNA-seq data. The roles of particular olfactory receptors in Cx. quinquefasciatus blood-feeding behaviors were evaluated by RNAi. Results Five, 7, 24, and 3 Cx. quinquefasciatus-specific OBPs, Cx. molestus-specific OBPs, Cx. quinquefasciatus-specific ORs and Cx. molestus-specific ORs were identified, respectively. The majority of selected ORs were consistent with the predicted transcriptome sequencing results after qRT-PCR validation. OR5 was expressed only in Cx. quinquefasciatus, and OR65 was the only gene upregulated after blood feeding in Cx. molestus. The blood-feeding rates of the OR5 and OR78 dsRNA groups were significantly lower (4.3%±3.1% and 13.3%±11.5%) than those of the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) group (64.5%±8.7%). Conclusion Most OBPs and ORs were expressed in both subspecies but showed divergence in expression level. OR5 and OR65 might be species-specific expressed genes that regulate the olfactory behaviors of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. molestus, respectively. The RNA interference of OR5 and OR78 could inhibit the blood-feeding behavior of Cx. quinquefasciatus, providing new targets for screening effective repellent compounds to control mosquito-borne diseases effectively and efficiently.

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13

Zequi, João Antonio, Jose Lopes, and Fernando Pereira Santos. "Controle de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) e Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 através de formulados contendo Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis em temperaturas controladas." EntomoBrasilis 4, no. 3 (November 26, 2011): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v4i3.98.

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Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) e Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say são importantes vetores de patógenos em áreas urbanas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes formulados comerciais contendo Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis de Barjac, no controle de Ae. aegypti e Cx. quinquefasciatus, verificando sua eficiência perante a potencia declarada. Testou-se os produtos Aquabac® XT 1200 UTI/mg, Teknar® 3000AAU/mg e Vectobac® AS 1200 UTI/mg, formulados líquidos, e os sólidos Vectobac® WDG 3000 UTI/mg, Vectobac® T 2200 UTI/mg e o formulado experimental Biouel 500 UTI/mg. Todos os produtos foram testados a temperatura de 25±2°C e os líquidos também a 15±2°C, 35±2°C e temperatura ambiente (25,37 a 28,73ºC). Os testes foram realizados utilizando-se 25 larvas no início do 4º estádio, em 150 mL de água destilada, com leitura de mortalidade 24 horas após exposição. Resultados foram analisados através de Probit calculando-se a CL50. A 25±2°C, os produtos Vectobac WDG e Vectobac T foram os mais eficientes para Ae. aegypti, com CL50 respectivamente de 0,10 (0,08 – 0,11) mg/L e 0,10 (0,09 – 0,11 mg/L). Para Cx. quinquefasciatus, os mais eficientes foram Vectobac WDG, Vectobac AS, Biouel e Vectobac T. Tomando como referência a potencia declarada dos produtos, o Biouel teve, proporcionalmente, melhor desempenho para as duas espécies. Nas temperaturas de 15±2°C, 35±2°C e na temperatura ambiente (25,37 a 28,37°C), Vectobac AS foi o mais eficiente para as duas espécies de Culicidae testadas. Na temperatura ambiente a 35±2°C, necessitou-se de menor concentração dos produtos para controle de Cx. quinquefasciatus em relação à Ae. aegypti. Control of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Through Formulated Containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis at Controlled Temperatures Abstract. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) and Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say are important pathogen vectors in urban environments. This study was designed to evaluate commercial formulations containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis de Barjac for the control of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus and to assess their efficiency as compared to manufacturers´ claims. The tested products were the liquid formulation of Aquabac® XT 1200 ITU/mg, Teknar® 3000AAU/mg, and Vectobac® AS 1200 ITU/mg, and the solid products Vectobac® WDG 3000 ITU/mg, Vectobac® Tablet 2200 ITU/mg, and the trial formulation of Biouel 500 ITU/mg. All products were tested at 25±2°C temperature and the liquid formulations were also tested at 15±2°C, 35±2°C, and at room temperature (25.37 to 28.73ºC). The experiments were conducted with 25 larvae at the early 4th stage, in 150 mL of distilled water; the dead larvae were counted 24 hours after product application. Results were analyzed using Probit to calculate CL50. The 25±2°C temperature, Vectobac WDG, and Vectobac Tablet were the most efficient in controlling Ae. aegypti, with CL50 of 0.10 (0.08 – 0.11) mg/L and 0.10 (0.09 – 0.11 mg/L), respectively. The most efficient products for Cx. quinquefasciatus were Vectobac WDG, Vectobac AS, Biouel, and Vectobac T. When the potency claimed by manufacturers was compared to our laboratory results, Biouel had the best performance for both species. Vectobac AS was the most efficient for both species of Culicidae tested at 15±2°C, 35±2°C and at room temperature (25.37 to 28.37°C). Lower product concentrations were required at 35±2°C room temperature to control Cx. quinquefasciatus than for Ae. aegypti.

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Brahman, Lavkush Kumar, and Ramesh Chandra. "Biological Control of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae." Journal of Biological Control 30, no. 1 (June 21, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/6455.

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Local larvivorous fish <em>Aphanius dispar</em> has potential for regulating vector mosquitoes. The consumption of larvae of the mosquito <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> Say (Diptera: Culicidae) by <em>Rasbora daniconius, Puntius ticto</em> and <em>Puntius conchonius</em> was evaluated in the presence of different prey densities under simple habitat conditions. The number of mosquito larvae consumed in fresh and ditch water at three seasons was observed. Only third and fourth instars of Culex larvae were used on a particular prey density of 1 to 10 (increase 100). The maximum and minimum value of larvae eating per day in ditch and fresh water were observed to 267 to 876 and 277 to 880 respectively. The comparisons for the pair using Tukey-Kramer HSD indicated the fact that there was non-significant difference. The respective mean values in fresh and ditch water were observed 525 and 493 respectively. The analysis of water (ditch and fresh) was nonsignificant (F = 1.0116). <em>Rasbora daniconius</em> species of fish played a dominating role in eating the <em>Culex</em> larvae in ditch and fresh water.

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Omotayo, Ahmed Idowu, Musa Mustapha Dogara, Danjuma Sufi, Tasiu Shuaibu, Joshua Balogun, Salwa Dawaki, Bature Muktar, et al. "High pyrethroid-resistance intensity in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Jigawa, North-West, Nigeria." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 6 (June 21, 2022): e0010525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010525.

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This study examined pyrethroid resistance intensity and mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Jigawa, North-West Nigeria. Resistance statuses to permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin were determined with both WHO and CDC resistance bioassays. Synergist assay was conducted by pre-exposing the populations to Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) using the WHO method. Resistance intensities to 2x, 5x and 10x of diagnostic concentrations were determined with the CDC bottle method. Species analysis and presence of knockdown mutation (Leu-Phe) were done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus was the only Culex spp. present and “Kdr-west” mutation was not detected in all analyzed samples. Using WHO method, Cx. quinquefasciatus resistance to permethrin was detected in Dutse (12.2%) and Kafin-Hausa (77.78%). Lambda-cyhalothrin resistance was recorded only in Kafin-Hausa (83.95%) with resistance suspected in Ringim (90%). Resistance to alphacypermethrin was recorded in all locations. Pre-exposure to PBO led to 100% mortality to alphacypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in Ringim while mortality to permethrin and alphacypermethrin in Dutse increased from 12.2% to 97.5% and 64.37% to 79.52% respectively. Using CDC bottle bioassay, resistance was also recorded in all populations and the result shows a significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.728, p = 0.026) with the result from the WHO bioassay. Results of resistance intensity revealed a very high level of resistance in Kafin-Hausa with susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin not achieved at 10x of diagnostic doses. Resistance intensity was also high in Dutse with susceptibility to all insecticides not achieved at 5x of diagnostic doses. Widespread and high intensity of resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus from North-West Nigeria is a major threat to the control of diseases transmitted by Culex and other mosquito species. It is a challenge that needs to be adequately addressed so as to prevent the failure of pyrethroid-based vector control tools.

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Karmegam, N., M. Sakthivadivel, V. Anuradha, and Thilagavathy Daniel. "Indigenous-plant extracts as larvicidal agents against Culex quinquefasciatus Say." Bioresource Technology 59, no. 2-3 (February 1997): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(96)00157-5.

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Laurence, B. R., and J. A. Pickett. "An oviposition attractant pheromone in Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 75, no. 2 (June 1985): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300014371.

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AbstractGravid females of Culex quinquefasciatus Say from a laboratory strain originating in Nigeria orientated to a source of the main volatile pheromone component, erythro-6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, isolated from the apical droplets of the egg rafts. Significantly more egg rafts were laid around polystyrene discs treated with the synthetic compound than around untreated discs, and modification of the chemical structure destroyed its biological activity. The response was found at a dose of 0·02μg of the synthetic compound, which is equivalent to one-sixteenth of the total acetoxyhexadecanolide found in an egg raft, and above. Although the apical droplets were contaminated by bacteria, these did not contribute to the production of the acetoxyhexadecanolide, which was present in the eggs before they were laid. It is concluded that the pheromone is released slowly from the apical droplets into the air above the water surface, attracting other gravid females to oviposit around previously laid egg rafts, and there is evidence of attraction over a distance of 5·5 cm.

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Sigit, Miarsono, Indra Rahmawati, Adhitya Yoppy Ro Candra, and Fikri Bhirawidha Prasetyo. "Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun lidah buaya (aloevera) terhadap mortalitas larva nyamuk (Culex quinquefasciatus say)." VITEK : Bidang Kedokteran Hewan 12, no. 1 (April 16, 2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jv.v12i1.96.

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Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dampak larvasida dari daun lidah buaya (Aloe vera) terhadap mortalitas nyamuk (Culex quinquefasciatus say). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan larva nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus say sebanyak 625 ekor yang didapatkan dari Laboratorium Entomologi Tropical Disease Diagnostik Center (TDDC), kampus C UNAIR. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari P01 sebagai kontrol negatif larva nyamuk diberikan aquades, kelompok P02 kontrol positif larva nyamuk diberi perlakuan dengan bubuk abate, kelompok P1 larva nyamuk diberi perlakuan ekstrak daun lidah buaya 10%, kelompok P2 larva nyamuk diberi perlakuan 15% ekstrak daun lidah buaya dan kelompok P3 larva nyamuk diberi perlakuan ekstrak daun lidah buaya 20%, pengamatan mortalitas larva dilakukan setiap 2 jam dalam dua belas jam pada waktu satu hari. Data mortalitas larva nyamuk yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan spss ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil yang didapatkan pada jam ke 6 merupakan hasil yang sangat efektif terhadap tingkat mortalitas dengan nilai rata-rata pada kelompok perlakuan 1 sebesar 16 ± 1.58, kelompok perlakuan 2 sebesar 20.80 ± 0.83, kelompok perlakuan 3 sebesar 23 ± 0.70.

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Sem, Lars, and Christine Dahl. "Ingestion of algae and inert particles by larval Culex quinquefasciatus SAY (Diptera: Culicidae)." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 147, no. 1 (November 29, 1999): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/147/1999/25.

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Uttah, Emmanuel C., Gloria N. Wokem, and Christiana Okonofua. "The Abundance and Biting Patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Culicidae) in the Coastal Region of Nigeria." ISRN Zoology 2013 (March 20, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/640691.

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This study was aimed at determining the abundance and biting patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus in the coastal region of Nigeria. Collections were done by human landing catch and by CDC miniature light traps from September 2005 to August 2006. A total of 3798 C. quinquefasciatus females were collected. The highest number of females was caught in the month of August and it represented nearly a quarter (24.0%) of the total females collected. In all, 38.8% of females dissected were parous. The abundance of C. quinquefasciatus followed the pattern of rainfall with the population starting to expand at the onset of the rains. The highest increase was found after the temperature had peaked. The mean of biting was 3.2 times more in the rainy season than in the dry season, whereas the transmission potential was higher in the dry season. C. quinquefasciatus is presently regarded as a biting nuisance having no significant epidemiological importance yet. Efforts at its control should be intensified before it is too late.

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Kent, Rebekah J., Mary B. Crabtree, and Barry R. Miller. "Transmission of West Nile Virus by Culex quinquefasciatus Say Infected with Culex Flavivirus Izabal." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 4, no. 5 (May 4, 2010): e671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000671.

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22

Phumee, Atchara, Proawpilart Intayot, Sriwatapron Sor-suwan, Akanitt Jittmittraphap, and Padet Siriyasatien. "Molecular detection of Indian Ocean Lineage Chikungunya virus RNA in field collected Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Bangkok, Thailand but no evidence of virus replication." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0246026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246026.

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Following an outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in Thailand in 2019, numerous cases of CHIKV infection have been diagnosed in Bangkok, the capital of the country. In our previous investigation of the vectors for disease transmission, we found natural infection of CHIKV in both male and female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from the outbreak areas in Bangkok. Some reports mentioned the detection of CHIKV in Culex mosquitoes. In Thailand, the Culex quinquefasciatus Say mosquito is a common species found in urban and rural settings that coexists with Ae. aegypti. However, the role of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in the spread of the Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) of CHIKV in Thailand has never been investigated. In this study, Cx. quinquefasciatus were collected (16 males and 27 females) from an outbreak area in Bangkok. Eight of the 27 in field-caught female Cx. quinquefasciatus were positive for IOL CHIKV RNA, and 99–100% identity and full 100% coverage of sequences similar to CHIKV isolated from female Ae. aegypti in Bangkok, Thailand, whereas viral RNA was not detected in male samples using nested-RT-PCR. To determine whether CHIKV is able to replicate in Cx. quinquefasciatus, the laboratory strain of Cx. quinquefasciatus was allowed to feed on blood containing IOL CHIKV isolated from patient serum. The nested-RT-PCR, virus isolation, and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were performed for CHIKV detection and replication. The results showed that CHIKV RNA was detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus until day 4 post infection. CHIKV did not produce any remarkable signs of infection, dissemination, or transmission in Cx. quinquefasciatus, and cytopathic effect (CPE) was not observed in C6/36 cells when infected with supernatant obtained from Cx. quinquefasciatus at days 7, 10, 14, and 21 post infection when compared to Ae. aegypti. The data from this study infer that CHIKV may be detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus but that the mosquito is not able to transmit CHIKV in Thailand.

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Zequi, João A. C., and José Lopes. "Morphometry of eggs and immatures of Culex (Culex) saltanensis Dyar (Diptera, Culicidae) obtained in the laboratory and on the field." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, no. 1 (March 2007): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000100021.

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The objectives of this morphometric study of Culex (Culex) saltanensis Dyar, 1928 larvae were to observe the continuous growth of siphon and cephalic capsule length and width in each instar, and to propose a linear equation to differentiate instars according to the size of both structures. Larvae obtained in laboratory at 27 ± 1ºC, photoperiod 14L:12D were studied. Larvae of the forth instar were collected on the field and compared with same instar larvae reared in the laboratory. Egg size and pigmentation pattern, first instar continuous growth, and differentiation of larval stages measurements were studied. Egg pigmentation patterns and the shapes of raft eggs differentiated specimens of C. saltanensis from Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 found in polluted pond water.

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Acevedo, Nicholas. "GRAVID INFUSION WATER COMPARISON FOR COLLECTION OF THE WEST NILE VIRUS VECTOR CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY." Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association 67, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v67i1.127630.

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Gravid traps are an important tool in mosquito surveillance for the collection of gravid female mosquitoes that can be screened for arboviruses. The type of infusion water used is vital in targeting certain mosquito species, especially the West Nile vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say. The gold standard of infusions is a whey protein mixture but is expensive and time consuming to make. The current study compared a cattail infusion to whey protein to determine if it is as effective at collecting Cx. quinquefasciatus as the current standard. If as attractive, the cattail infusion could be a more economical and less time-consuming option for use in WNV surveillance. Three sites were used to evaluate the efficacy of cattail infusion water with whey protein mixture. Each site had a trap with 100% whey protein, one with 100% cattail infusion and one with 50% cattail water infusion. All 9 traps were operated for 24 hours for seven trap nights. Collected mosquitoes were identified, speciated, and physiological stage was assessed. There was no statistically significant difference in the total number of mosquitoes, gravid female, and total number of females amongst the three types of infusions, at any of the sites for the collection of Cx. quinquefasciatus. These results demonstrate that a cattail infusion can be used as a more economical and less labor-intensive alternative to whey protein for the collection of Cx. quinquefasciatus.

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Chahad, Samira, and Mari I. C. Boof. "Efeitos de extratos de pimenta-preta sobre larvas de Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)." Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 23, no. 1 (April 29, 1994): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37486/0301-8059.v23i1.902.

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Puttaraju, H. P. "Effects of thio-TEPA on chromosomes of Culex pipiens fatigans (=Culex quinquefasciatus Say) (Diptera: Culicidae)." CYTOLOGIA 55, no. 4 (1990): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.55.625.

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McNamara, Timothy D., and Kristen Healy. "A Comparison of Hay and Fish Emulsion-Infused Water as Oviposition Attractants for the CDC Gravid Trap." Journal of Medical Entomology 59, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab203.

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Abstract Multiple oviposition attractants are used for Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito surveillance in the CDC Gravid Trap, including hay and fish emulsion-infused water. Despite the use of both in the United States, no research has compared their attractiveness. We conducted trapping throughout Louisiana to assess the attractiveness of hay and fish emulsion-infused water in various habitat types and climates. Our results indicate that fish emulsion-infused water attracts more mosquitoes overall, more Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), and a wider diversity of mosquitoes than hay-infused water. This trend was maintained, regardless of habitat type or climate.

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Acharya, Anirudh R., Jhansi Lakshmi Magisetty, and Vijayan V. A. "Morphometric Variations in Mysore City Populations of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) Larvae." Advances in Zoology and Botany 1, no. 1 (July 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/azb.2013.010101.

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Brahman, Lavkush Kumar, and Ramesh Chandra. "Biological Control of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae." Journal of Biological Control 30, no. 1 (June 21, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18641/jbc/30/1/80601.

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Sharma, Preeti, Lalit Mohan, and C. N. Srivastava. "Growth Inhibitory Nature of Artemisia annua Extract against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)." Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 9, no. 4 (December 2006): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1226-8615(08)60319-2.

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Govindarajan, M., R. Sivakumar, M. Rajeswary, and K. Yogalakshmi. "Adulticidal activity of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2, no. 2 (April 2012): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60029-2.

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Pavela, Roman. "Larvicidal property of essential oils against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)." Industrial Crops and Products 30, no. 2 (September 2009): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.06.005.

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Rahuman, A. A., A. Bagavan, C. Kamaraj, E. Saravanan, A. A. Zahir, and G. Elango. "Efficacy of larvicidal botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)." Parasitology Research 104, no. 6 (February 7, 2009): 1365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1337-9.

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Ojianwuna, Chioma C., Ahmed I. Omotayo, Victor N. Enwemiwe, Fouad A. Adetoro, Destiny N. Eyeboka, Kemi Adesalu, Allan Egedegbe, Eric Esiwo, and Tolulope A. Oyeniyi. "Pyrethroid Susceptibility in Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from Delta State, Niger-Delta Region, Nigeria." Journal of Medical Entomology 59, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab217.

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Abstract The development of insecticide resistance in different species of mosquitoes to Pyrethroids is a major challenge for vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Failure of Pyrethroids in control of mosquitoes would impact negatively on the gains recorded in control of mosquito-borne diseases in previous years. In anticipation of a country-wide deployment of Pyrethroid-treated nets for control of mosquito-borne diseases in Nigeria, this study assessed susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae) to Pyrethroids in Owhelogbo, Ejeme and Oria-Abraka communities in Delta State, Niger-Delta, Nigeria. Three to five day old Cx. quinquefasciatus were exposed to Deltamethrin (0.05%), Permethrin (0.75%), and Alphacypermethrin (0.05%) using World Health Organization bioassay method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed in characterization of species and knockdown mutation. Results revealed that Cx. quinquefasciatus were generally susceptible (98-100%) to Deltamethrin, Permethrin, and Alphacypermethrin in the three communities with the exception of Owhelogbo where resistance to Deltamethrin (97%) was suspected. Knockdown time to Deltamethrin (11.51, 11.23, and 12.68 min), Permethrin (28.75, 13.26, and 14.49 min), and Alphacypermethrin (15.07, 12.50, and 13.03 min) were considerably low for Owhelogbo, Ejeme, and Oria-Abraka Cx. quinquefasciatus populations, respectively. Species identification result showed that all amplified samples were Cx. quinquefasciatus; however, no kdr allele was found in the three populations. Deployment of pyrethroid-treated nets for control of mosquito-borne diseases in Niger-Delta region of Nigeria is capable of reducing burden of diseases transmitted by Cx. quinquefasciatus as well as addressing nuisance value of the vector; however, caution must be entertained so as not to increase selection pressure thereby aiding resistance development.

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Wermelinger, ED, CV Benigno, RNM Machado, PH Cabello, AM Meira, AP Ferreira, and JC Zanuncio. "Mosquito population dynamic (diptera: culicidae) in a eutrophised dam." Brazilian Journal of Biology 72, no. 4 (November 2012): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842012000500003.

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This study observed the mosquito population in a rural eutrophised dam. Larvae of L3 and L4 stages and pupae were dipped out during twelve month collections and the reared to the adult stage for identification. The collections were done along nine metres from the edge of the dam divided in three parts (P1, P2 and P3), each part being 3 m long. P1 did not have vegetation (grass) along its edge,which would reach or sink into the water to promote some shade on the marginal water. A total of 217 adults of four species was identified with the following constancies and frequencies: Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) (83% and 40.6%), Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) evansae (Brèthes, 1926) (92% and 26.7%), Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) rangeli (Gabaldon, Cova Garcia and Lopez, 1940) (83% and 14.3%) and Culex nigripalpus (Theobald, 1901) (33% and 18.4%). C. quinquefasciatus, A. evansae, A. rangeli and C. nigripalpus were more frequent in the quarters Nov./Dec./Jan. (85.7%), May/June/July (75%), Aug./Sept./Oct. (29.4%) and Aug./Sept./Oct. (23.5%) particularly in the months of December (88.4%) Sept.tember (48.94), (38.3) and August (47.62) respectively. The presence of C. quinquefasciatus and the high incidence of Daphinia sp. and also the levels of Organic Nitrogen (0.28 mg/L) and of total Phosphorus (0.02 mg/L) are indications of the eutrophication of the dam. There was a difference regarding the total of Anopheles (A. avansae + A. rangeli) and Culex species (C. quinquefasciatus + C. nigripalpis) between P1 and P2 (χ² = 0.0097), P1 and P3 (χ² = 0.0005), but not between P2 and P3 (χ² = 0.2045).The high C. quinquefasciatus constancy and frequency were confirmed to be a good biological indicator for a eutrophised environment and A. evansae showed a good potential for this environment. Vegetation can be an important factor for anopheline population dynamic also in eutrophic breeding sites.

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Chandra, G., B. Seal, and A. K. Hati. "Age composition of the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Calcutta, India." Bulletin of Entomological Research 86, no. 3 (June 1996): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300052500.

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AbstractAge composition of the filarial vector mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) was determined by examining the number of ovariolar dilatations of 1200 adult females from Calcutta. Average duration of the gonotrophic cycle was 4.5 days. The proportion parous, the daily survival rate and daily mortality rates of the natural population were 0.53, 0.87 and 13%, respectively. The oldest mosquito sampled in the study area passed eight gonotrophic cycles in its lifetime.

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Binu Kumari, S. "LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST CULEX QUINQUE- FASCIATUS SAY." Journal of Biopesticides 03, no. 02 (December 1, 2010): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.3.2.520-522.

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ABSTRACT Petroleum ether extract (1000, 500, 250, 125 ppm) of Toddalia asiatica L., Aegle mermelos Corr., Murraya koengili Spreng., leaves and seed extracts of Alocasia indica Schott., were tested for their larvicidal activity on fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say results showed that tested plant extracts possessed insecticidal activity. The synergetic effect of mixture of methanol extracts of T. asiatica seeds and the leaves of A. indica (1:1) at 10.265 ppm concentration showed larval mortality, pupal mortality, half ecdysed organisms, larval-pupal intermediates and colour changes during fourth instar stage. It is suggested that all the plants possess larvicidal properties that could be developed and used as natural insecticides for mosquito control.

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Rani G, Elizabeth, Surendran A, and Thatheyus A.J. "Biting Behaviour of The Filarial Vector Mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say,in an Urban Area." Journal of Plant and Animal Ecology 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2637-6075.jpae-20-3305.

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Mosquitoes depend on blood meal for the development of their eggs into offsprings. By knowing the biting behaviour of mosquitoes, we may control mosquito-borne diseases and manage the mosquitoe menace successfully. The present study has been designed to study the biting behaviour of the filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India from July to November 2006. This period was selected as mosquitoes are prevalent during this rainy season. Biting was more during September, October and November and the maximum of 28 caught/man/hour was recorded in November. It is predominantly an exophilic biter, but biting was also noticed as maximum inside the house during July in the study. The density of the biting population in the first floor was more than that of the second floor, which indicated the existence of vertical stratification in the biting behaviour of Cx quinquefasciatus.

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Kamba, B. "Larvicidal Activity of Aqueous Pod Extract of Adansonia Digitata (Linnaeus, 1753) on Culex Quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) Maulik." Nigerian Journal of Entomology 36, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.11.

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The study evaluatrd the effect of Baobab, Adansonia digitata pod extract on larvae of Culex quinquefaciatus. The plant material was sun-dried for two weeks and pulverized using mortar and pestle and stored at room temperature for further processes. Powdered plant material was extracted using aqueous cold extraction method. The condensed extract was screened for phytochemicals. Indoor resting adult blood-fed female Culex mosquitoes were collected and introduced into Entomological Cages in the Laboratory and oviposited on water in the bowls. The third instar larvae were confirmed as Cx. quinquefasciatus using Hopkins keys for Culicinae. Triplicates of twenty-five late third instar larvae were tested in pod extract concentrations of 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 1.5mg/L, 2.0mg/L and 2.50mg/L. Mortality was recorded after 24hr of exposure. The LC50 was determined using probit analysis, while one-way ANOVA was used to establish significant differences in larval mean mortality. Phytochemical constituents such as carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, steroids, triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids were present. The mean mortality of test concentrations differed significantly (p≤0.05) from control. However, the concentrations: 0.5mg/L and 8.0mg/L had 49% and 71% mortalities, respectively with LC50 of 0.6mg/L. It can be concluded that, the aqueous pod extract of Adansonia digitata demonstrated good activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Adansonia digitata pod extracts has potential for controlling larvae of Culex mosquitoes and can be incorporated into integrated mosquito management programme.

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SIMSAA, MISHKAT A. A., RALPH E. HARBACH, ALAA M. ALI ALMALIK, ELSHEIMA M. AHMED, ALWIA A. EISA, ASIA H. MOHAMED, and RASHA S. AZRAG. "Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded along the Nile River in central and northern Sudan, with a key for the identification of all species of the genus known to occur in the country." Zootaxa 4963, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4963.3.1.

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Despite the importance of Culex species as major vectors of Rift Valley fever virus, West Nile virus and the microfilariae that cause lymphatic filariasis, information on these mosquitoes in Sudan is limited to works published 65 years ago in the former Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, where some species were only recorded from areas of the territory now known as South Sudan. In this paper, we provide updated information on Culex mosquitoes collected indoors during surveillance studies conducted along the Nile River in central and northern areas of Sudan between 2012 and 2019. Of 3,411 female mosquitoes collected in Khartoum and northern states along the river, 2,560 (75%) were specimens of Culex belonging to 12 species: Cx. (Culex) antennatus (Becker, 1903), Cx. (Cux.) laticinctus Edwards, 1913, Cx. (Cux.) neavei Theobald, 1906, Cx. (Cux.) pipiens Linnaeus, 1758, Cx. (Cux.) perexiguus Theobald, 1903, Cx. (Cux.) poicilipes (Theobald, 1903), Cx. (Cux.) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Cx. (Cux.) simpsoni Theobald, 1905, Cx. (Cux.) sinaiticus Kirkpatrick, 1925, Cx. (Cux.) theileri Theobald, 1903, Cx. (Cux.) tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 and Cx. (Culiciomyia) macfiei Edwards, 1923. This is the first record for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. macfiei in central Sudan. The relative abundance of each species varied in different areas and seasons, but Cx. antennatus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the most abundant indoor resting species. We provide an updated dichotomous key for the identiﬁcation of the adults of Culex mosquitoes known to occur in the Republic of the Sudan.

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Xue, Rui-De. "EVALUATION OF ORANGE OIL APPLIED BY THREE BACKPACK SPRAYERS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI AND CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS." Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association 68, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v68i1.129107.

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A solvent orange oil has been used to mix with permethrin and PBO as a commercial adulticide product called Aqualure® 20-20 for control of adult mosquitoes. The orange oil at 2.7% and 3.5% sprayed by three backpack sprayers, Hudson battery operated sprayer modified with a Solo nozzle, hand pump sprayer Solo-425, and Birchmeire battery operated sprayer, against caged adult female Aedes aegypti Linn. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say resulted in 89%–100% mortality of Ae. aegypti and 100% mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The three different backpack sprayers did not show any significant differences in the percent mortality. Our test results demonstrate that orange oil alone at a high dose (3.5 %) showed effective insecticidal characteristics against both species of adult mosquitoes.

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El Hadi Mo, Rania Ali, Souheila Nagmouchi, Lamya Ahmed Al-K, and Rebai Benammar. "Evidence Based Efficacy of Selected Herbal Extracts Against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) Larvae." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 22, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2019.127.132.

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Nasiruddin, Munira, and Shaheda Yasmin Bhuiyan. "Larvicidal efficacy of six insecticides against culex quinquefasciatus say (Diptera: culicidae) larvae." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 42, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v42i1.31746.

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Searching for potent larvicidal toxic effects of six synthetic organophosphate insecticides (Diazinon 60 EC, Solar 55 EC, Malathion 57 EC, Delathroit 40 EC, Parathrin 10 EC and Clorasid 20 EC) were evaluated in the laboratory against 3rd or 4th instar larvae of the mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus Say. The tested insecticides: Diazinon (Dizinol) 60 EC, Solar (Chloropyrics 50% + Cypermethrin 5%) 55 EC, Malathion (Sithion) 57 EC, Delathroit (Dimehoate) 40 EC, Parathrin (Cypermethrin) 10 EC and Clorasid (Chloropyrics) 20 EC showed LC50 values at application dosages 0.00250-0.05 ppm, 0.0001-0.0025 ppm, 0.00025-0.005 ppm, 0.0005-0.001 ppm, 0.0001-0.002 ppm and 0.00025-0.0025 ppm to be 8.609×10-3 ppm, 4.440×10-4 ppm, 9.094×10-4 ppm, 24.215×10- 5 ppm, 4.797×10-4 ppm and 7.022×10-4 ppm respectively. Among the six insecticides, on the basis of LC50 and relative potency values, Delathroit 40 EC was the most toxic followed by Solar 40 EC > Parathrin 10 EC > Clorasid 20 EC > Malathion 57 EC > Diazinon 60 EC.J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 42(1): 13-20, June 2016

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Ali El Had, Rania, Lamya Ahmed Al-K, Souheila Nagmouchi, and Rebai Benammar. "Susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) Larvae to Methanolic Extracts of Annona reticulata." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 24, no. 10 (September 15, 2021): 1077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2021.1077.1083.

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Ali El Had, Rania, Lamya Ahmed Al-K, Souheila Nagmouchi, and Rebai Benammar. "Susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) Larvae to Methanolic Extracts of Annona reticulata." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 24, no. 10 (September 15, 2021): 1077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2021.1077.1083.

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Navarro Ortega, Agustin, Maria del Carmen Marquetti, Suria Valdes, and Francisca A. Garcia. "Tolerance of Culex quinquefasciatus say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) to methoprene in Cuba." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 86, no. 4 (December 1991): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761991000400027.

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Almirón, Walter R., and Mireya E. Brewer. "Winter biology of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say, (Diptera: Culicidae) from Córdoba, Argentina." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 91, no. 5 (October 1996): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761996000500019.

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Ranjini, S., and Francy K. Kakkassery. "Predatory potential of water bugs against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say." Indian Journal of Entomology 81, no. 1 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00035.x.

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Shrankhla, Preeti SHARMA, Lalit MOHAN, and Chand Narayan SRIVASTAVA. "Larvicidal activity of Pseudocalymma alliaceum and Allium sativum against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)." Entomological Research 41, no. 6 (October 20, 2011): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5967.2011.00344.x.

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Mohsen, Z. H., and N. S. Mehdi. "Effects of insect growth inhibitor Alsystin on Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Culicidae: Diptera)." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 10, no. 01 (February 1989): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400003301.

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