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Journal articles on the topic 'Cuing of attention'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Dalmaso, Mario, Giulia Pavan, Luigi Castelli, and Giovanni Galfano. "Social status gates social attention in humans." Biology Letters 8, no. 3 (November 16, 2011): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0881.

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Humans tend to shift attention in response to the averted gaze of a face they are fixating, a phenomenon known as gaze cuing. In the present paper, we aimed to address whether the social status of the cuing face modulates this phenomenon. Participants were asked to look at the faces of 16 individuals and read fictive curriculum vitae associated with each of them that could describe the person as having a high or low social status. The association between each specific face and either high or low social status was counterbalanced between participants. The same faces were then used as stimuli in a gaze-cuing task. The results showed a greater gaze-cuing effect for high-status faces than for low-status faces, independently of the specific identity of the face. These findings confirm previous evidence regarding the important role of social factors in shaping social attention and show that a modulation of gaze cuing can be observed even when knowledge about social status is acquired through episodic learning.

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2

Olson, Ingrid R., and Marvin M. Chun. "Temporal contextual cuing of visual attention." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 27, no. 5 (2001): 1299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.27.5.1299.

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3

Gray, Rob, Charles Spence, Cristy Ho, and Hong Z. Tan. "Efficient Multimodal Cuing of Spatial Attention." Proceedings of the IEEE 101, no. 9 (September 2013): 2113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2225811.

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4

Goujon, Annabelle, André Didierjean, and Evelyne Marmèche. "Semantic contextual cuing and visual attention." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 35, no. 1 (2009): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.35.1.50.

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5

Martens, Sander, and Addie Johnson. "Timing attention: Cuing target onset interval attenuates the attentional blink." Memory & Cognition 33, no. 2 (March 2005): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03195312.

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6

Zinchenko, Artyom, Markus Conci, Thomas Töllner, Hermann J. Müller, and Thomas Geyer. "Automatic Guidance (and Misguidance) of Visuospatial Attention by Acquired Scene Memory: Evidence From an N1pc Polarity Reversal." Psychological Science 31, no. 12 (October 29, 2020): 1531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620954815.

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Visual search is facilitated when the target is repeatedly encountered at a fixed position within an invariant (vs. randomly variable) distractor layout—that is, when the layout is learned and guides attention to the target, a phenomenon known as contextual cuing. Subsequently changing the target location within a learned layout abolishes contextual cuing, which is difficult to relearn. Here, we used lateralized event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) potentials to explore memory-based attentional guidance ( N = 16). The results revealed reliable contextual cuing during initial learning and an associated EEG-amplitude increase for repeated layouts in attention-related components, starting with an early posterior negativity (N1pc, 80–180 ms). When the target was relocated to the opposite hemifield following learning, contextual cuing was effectively abolished, and the N1pc was reversed in polarity (indicative of persistent misguidance of attention to the original target location). Thus, once learned, repeated layouts trigger attentional-priority signals from memory that proactively interfere with contextual relearning after target relocation.

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7

Johnen, Anja, Hermann Wagner, and Bernhard H. Gaese. "Spatial Attention Modulates Sound Localization in Barn Owls." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.1009.

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Attentional influence on sound-localization behavior of barn owls was investigated in a cross-modal spatial cuing paradigm. After being cued to the most probable target side with a visual cuing stimulus, owls localized upcoming auditory target stimuli with a head turn toward the position of the sound source. In 80% of the trials, cuing stimuli pointed toward the side of the upcoming target stimulus (valid configuration), and in 20% they pointed toward the opposite side (invalid configuration). We found that owls initiated the head turns by a mean of 37.4 ms earlier in valid trials, i.e., mean response latencies of head turns were reduced by 16% after a valid cuing stimulus. Thus auditory stimuli appearing at the cued side were processed faster than stimuli appearing at the uncued side, indicating the influence of a spatial-selective attention mechanism. Turning angles were not different when owls turned their head toward a cued or an uncued location. Other types of attention influencing sound localization, e.g., a reduction of response latency as a function of the duration of cue-target delay, could not be observed. This study is the first attempt to investigate attentional influences on sound localization in an animal model.

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8

Santangelo, Valerio, and Charles Spence. "Assessing the Automaticity of the Exogenous Orienting of Tactile Attention." Perception 36, no. 10 (October 2007): 1497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5848.

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We examined whether or not abrupt tactile onsets are capable of exogenously capturing tactile spatial attention when visual spatial attention is focused elsewhere. In experiment 1, we compared performance under dual-task conditions (where participants performed a tactile exogenous cuing task and a rapid serial visual presentation—RSVP—task at the same time) with their performance under single-task conditions (where the participants had to perform only the cuing task, although the RSVP stream was still presented in the background) and to a no-stream condition (where only the cuing task was presented). Tactile cuing was completely suppressed in both the dual-task and single-task conditions, showing that exogenous tactile spatial orienting is modulated by visual-spatial attention, which hence appears to be far from truly automatic. In experiment 2, we demonstrated that the abolishment of exogenous tactile orienting was not caused by the transient presentation of abrupt onset stimuli (letters). These results therefore show that exogenous spatial attentional orienting toward abrupt peripheral tactile stimuli is possible as long as perceptual resources are not depleted by a perceptually demanding (RSVP) task.

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9

Morrow, Lisa A. "Cuing attention: Disruptions following organic solvent exposure." Neuropsychology 8, no. 3 (1994): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.8.3.471.

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10

Reinking, David, David A. Hayes, and John E. McEneaney. "Good and Poor Readers' Use of Explicitly Cued Graphic Aids." Journal of Reading Behavior 20, no. 3 (September 1988): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862968809547641.

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This study investigated the effects of explicitly cuing graphic aids in accompanying text. Specifically, the study attempted to determine if various cuing conditions would affect differently good and poor readers' comprehension of the text, attention to graphic aids, and recall of information displayed in graphic aids. Three expository passages each accompanied by two graphic aids were developed. One graphic aid displayed information that was redundant to the text; a second graphic aid displayed information that was non-redundant but related to the text. Good and poor seventh- and eighth-grade readers read these passages under five different conditions. Under one condition no graphic aids accompanied the text. Graphic aids accompanied the text in the remaining conditions that represented four levels of cuing: no cuing, general cuing, specific cuing, and combined cuing. Results of comprehension tests for each passage and a post-experiment graphics test were analyzed using analysis of variance procedures. Major conclusions were that explicit cuing increases attention to graphic aids and recall of information displayed in graphic aids that are redundant to the text. In addition, poor readers' comprehension of illustrated text is improved by explicit cuing of graphic aids.

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11

Mangun, G. R., S. J. Luck, R. Plager, W. Loftus, S. A. Hillyard, T. Handy, V. P. Clark, and M. S. Gazzaniga. "Monitoring the Visual World: Hemispheric Asymmetries and Subcortical Processes in Attention." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 6, no. 3 (July 1994): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.267.

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Hemispheric specialization and subcortical processes in visual anention were investigated in callosotomy (split-brain) patients by measuring reaction times to lateralized stimuli in a spatial cuing paradigm. Cuing effects were obtained for targets presented to the right hemisphere (left visual hemifield) but not for those presented to the left hemisphere. These cuing effects were manifest as faster reaction times when the cue correctly indicated the location of the subsequent target (valid trials), as compared to trials in which the cue and target appeared in opposite hemifields (invalid trials). This pattern suggests that the right hemisphere allocated attention to cued locations in either visual hemifield, whereas the left hemisphere allocated attention predominantly to the right hemifield. This finding is consistent with a body of evidence from studies in patients with cortical lesions who display different attentional deficits for right versus left hemisphere damage. Because the present pattern occurs in patients whose cerebral hemispheres are separated at the cortical level, it suggests that right hemisphere attentional allocation to events in the ipsilateral visual half-field is mediated in part via intact subcortical systems.

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12

Vadillo, Miguel A., Douglas Linssen, Cristina Orgaz, Stephanie Parsons, and David R. Shanks. "Unconscious or underpowered? Probabilistic cuing of visual attention." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 149, no. 1 (January 2020): 160–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000632.

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13

Baek, J., Y. Zhao, Z. L. Lu, and B. Dosher. "Visual attention in spatial cuing and visual search." Journal of Vision 11, no. 11 (September 23, 2011): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.162.

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14

Takei, S., T. Takeuchi, and K. Yokosawa. "Effect of attention in the peripheral cuing effect." Journal of Vision 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/4.8.452.

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15

Gottlob, Lawrence R., Marylou Cheal, and Don R. Lyon. "Attention Operating Characteristics in a Location-Cuing Task." Journal of General Psychology 126, no. 3 (July 1999): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221309909595367.

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16

Kunar, Melina A., Stephen Flusberg, Todd S. Horowitz, and Jeremy M. Wolfe. "Does contextual cuing guide the deployment of attention?" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 33, no. 4 (2007): 816–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.33.4.816.

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17

Chastain, Garvin, Marylou Cheal, and Don R. Lyon. "Attention and nontarget effects in the location-cuing paradigm." Perception & Psychophysics 58, no. 2 (March 1996): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03211883.

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18

CHEN, Z., and K. R. CAVE. "Object-based attention with endogenous cuing and positional certainty." Perception & Psychophysics 70, no. 8 (November 1, 2008): 1435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pp.70.8.1435.

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19

Gottlob, Lawrence R. "Location cuing and response time distributions in visual attention." Perception & Psychophysics 66, no. 8 (November 2004): 1293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03194999.

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20

Johnson, Douglas N., Allison McGrath, and Carrie McNeil. "Cuing Interacts with Perceptual Load in Visual Search." Psychological Science 13, no. 3 (May 2002): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00452.

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We tested the strong form of the perceptual-load hypothesis, which posits that the amount of perceptual load is the only factor determining whether attention can be effectively focused. Participants performed a visual search task under conditions of low and high load and with either a 100% valid spatial cue or no spatial cue. With no cue, participants showed evidence of processing to-be-ignored stimuli when perceptual load was low but not when it was high, consistent with the perceptual-load hypothesis. However, with a 100% valid spatial cue, participants showed little evidence of processing to-be-ignored stimuli, even when perceptual load was low. These results suggest that although perceptual load may be an important factor in attentional selectivity, load alone is not sufficient to explain how and when selective attention is effective.

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21

Cheng, Kaiwen, Keyu Yang, Long Qin, Yixuan Zhuo, and Hongmei Yan. "Perceptual load modulates contour integration in conscious and unconscious states." PeerJ 7 (August 22, 2019): e7550. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7550.

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Previous research has documented that contour detection and integration may either be affected by local features such as the distances between elements or by high-level cognitive factors such as attention in our visual system. Less is known about how low and high level factors interact to influence contour integration. In this paper, we investigated how attention modulates contour integration through saliency (different element spacing) and topological propert ies (circle or S-shaped) when the state of conscious awareness is manipulated. A modified inattentional blindness (IB) combined with the Posner cuing paradigm was adopted in our three-phased experiment (unconscious-training-conscious). Attention was manipulated with high or low perceptual load for a foveal go/no-go task. Cuing effects were utilized to assess the covert processing of contours prior to a peripheral orientation discrimination task. We found that (1) salient circles and S-contours induced different cuing effects under low perceptual load but not with high load; (2) no consistent pattern of cuing effects was found for non-salient contours in all the conditions; (3) a positive cuing effect was observed for salient circles either consciously or unconsciously while a negative cuing effect occurred for salient S-contours only consciously. These results suggest that conscious awareness plays a pivotal role in coordinating a closure effect with the level of perceptual load. Only salient circles can be successfully integrated in an unconscious state under low perceptual load although both salient circles and S-contours can be done consciously. Our findings support a bi-directional mechanism that low-level sensory features interact with high-level cognitive factors in contour integration.

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22

Van der Stigchel, Stefan, and Jan Theeuwes. "The relationship between covert and overt attention in endogenous cuing." Perception & Psychophysics 69, no. 5 (July 2007): 719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193774.

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23

Jiang, Yuhong V., Khena M. Swallow, Bo-Yeong Won, Julia D. Cistera, and Gail M. Rosenbaum. "Task specificity of attention training: the case of probability cuing." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 77, no. 1 (August 13, 2014): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0747-7.

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24

Hetley, R. S., B. A. Dosher, and Z. L. Lu. "Importance of Spatial Cuing of Attention in High Precision Judgments." Journal of Vision 11, no. 11 (September 23, 2011): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.222.

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25

Jiang, Yuhong V., Khena M. Swallow, and Gail M. Rosenbaum. "Guidance of spatial attention by incidental learning and endogenous cuing." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 39, no. 1 (2013): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028022.

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26

O'Connor, Charlene, Ian H. Robertson, and Brian Levine. "The prosthetics of vigilant attention: Random cuing cuts processing demands." Neuropsychology 25, no. 4 (July 2011): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022767.

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27

Deaner, Robert O., Stephen V. Shepherd, and Michael L. Platt. "Familiarity accentuates gaze cuing in women but not men." Biology Letters 3, no. 1 (November 28, 2006): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0564.

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Gaze cuing, the tendency to shift attention in the direction other individuals are looking, is hypothesized to depend on a distinct neural module. One expectation of such a module is that information processing should be encapsulated within it. Here, we tested whether familiarity, a type of social knowledge, penetrates the neural circuits governing gaze cuing. Male and female subjects viewed the face of an adult male looking left or right and then pressed a keypad to indicate the location of a target appearing randomly left or right. Responses were faster for targets congruent with gaze direction. Moreover, gaze cuing was stronger in females than males. Contrary to the modularity hypothesis, familiarity enhanced gaze cuing, but only in females. Sex differences in the effects of familiarity on gaze cuing may reflect greater adaptive significance of social information for females than males.

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28

Diederich, Adele, and Hans Colonius. "Multisensory Integration and Exogenous Spatial Attention: A Time-window-of-integration Analysis." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 5 (May 2019): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01386.

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Although it is well documented that occurrence of an irrelevant and nonpredictive sound facilitates motor responses to a subsequent target light appearing nearby, the cause of this “exogenous spatial cuing effect” has been under discussion. On the one hand, it has been postulated to be the result of a shift of visual spatial attention possibly triggered by parietal and/or cortical supramodal “attention” structures. On the other hand, the effect has been considered to be due to multisensory integration based on the activation of multisensory convergence structures in the brain. Recent RT experiments have suggested that multisensory integration and exogenous spatial cuing differ in their temporal profiles of facilitation: When the nontarget occurs 100–200 msec before the target, facilitation is likely driven by crossmodal exogenous spatial attention, whereas multisensory integration effects are still seen when target and nontarget are presented nearly simultaneously. Here, we develop an extension of the time-window-of-integration model that combines both mechanisms within the same formal framework. The model is illustrated by fitting it to data from a focused attention task with a visual target and an auditory nontarget presented at horizontally or vertically varying positions. Results show that both spatial cuing and multisensory integration may coexist in a single trial in bringing about the crossmodal facilitation of RT effects. Moreover, the formal analysis via time window of integration allows to predict and quantify the contribution of either mechanism as they occur across different spatiotemporal conditions.

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29

Mrkva, Kellen, Jacob Westfall, and Leaf Van Boven. "Attention Drives Emotion: Voluntary Visual Attention Increases Perceived Emotional Intensity." Psychological Science 30, no. 6 (May 20, 2019): 942–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619844231.

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Attention and emotion are fundamental psychological systems. It is well established that emotion intensifies attention. Three experiments reported here ( N = 235) demonstrated the reversed causal direction: Voluntary visual attention intensifies perceived emotion. In Experiment 1, participants repeatedly directed attention toward a target object during sequential search. Participants subsequently perceived their emotional reactions to target objects as more intense than their reactions to control objects. Experiments 2 and 3 used a spatial-cuing procedure to manipulate voluntary visual attention. Spatially cued attention increased perceived emotional intensity. Participants perceived spatially cued objects as more emotionally intense than noncued objects even when participants were asked to mentally rehearse the name of noncued objects. This suggests that the intensifying effect of attention is independent of more extensive mental rehearsal. Across experiments, attended objects were perceived as more visually distinctive, which statistically mediated the effects of attention on emotional intensity.

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30

Tamber-Rosenau, Benjamin J., Christopher L. Asplund, and René Marois. "Functional dissociation of the inferior frontal junction from the dorsal attention network in top-down attentional control." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 2498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00506.2018.

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The posterior lateral prefrontal cortex—specifically, the inferior frontal junction (IFJ)—is thought to exert a key role in the control of attention. However, the precise nature of that role remains elusive. During the voluntary deployment and maintenance of visuospatial attention, the IFJ is typically coactivated with a core dorsal network consisting of the frontal eye field and superior parietal cortex. During stimulus-driven attention, IFJ instead couples with a ventrolateral network, suggesting that IFJ plays a role in attention distinct from the dorsal network. Because IFJ rapidly switches activation patterns to accommodate conditions of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention (Asplund CL, Todd JJ, Snyder AP, Marois R. Nat Neurosci 13: 507–512, 2010), we hypothesized that IFJ’s primary role is to dynamically reconfigure attention rather than to maintain attention under steady-state conditions. This hypothesis predicts that in a goal-directed visuospatial cuing paradigm IFJ would transiently deploy attention toward the cued location, whereas the dorsal attention network would maintain attentional weights during the delay between cue and target presentation. Here we tested this hypothesis with functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects were engaged in a Posner cuing task with variable cue-target delays. Both IFJ and dorsal network regions were involved in transient processes, but sustained activity was far more evident in the dorsal network than in IFJ. These results support the account that IFJ primarily acts to shift attention whereas the dorsal network is the main locus for the maintenance of stable attentional states. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Goal-directed visuospatial attention is controlled by a dorsal fronto-parietal network and lateral prefrontal cortex. However, the relative roles of these regions in goal-directed attention are unknown. Here we present evidence for their dissociable roles in the transient reconfiguration and sustained maintenance of attentional settings: while maintenance of attentional settings is confined to the dorsal network, the configuration of these settings at the beginning of an attentional episode is a function of lateral prefrontal cortex.

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31

Potter, Douglas D., and Simon Webster. "Normal Gaze Cueing in Children with Autism Is Disrupted by Simultaneous Speech Utterances in “Live” Face-to-Face Interactions." Autism Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/545964.

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Gaze cueing was assessed in children with autism and in typically developing children, using a computer-controlled “live” face-to-face procedure. Sensitivity to gaze direction was assessed using a Posner cuing paradigm. Both static and dynamic directional gaze cues were used. Consistent with many previous studies, using photographic and cartoon faces, gaze cueing was present in children with autism and was not developmentally delayed. However, in the same children, gaze cueing was abolished when a mouth movement occurred at the same time as the gaze cue. In contrast, typical children were able to use gaze cues in all conditions. The findings indicate that gaze cueing develops successfully in some children with autism but that their attention is disrupted by speech utterances. Their ability to learn to read nonverbal emotional and intentional signals provided by the eyes may therefore be significantly impaired. This may indicate a problem with cross-modal attention control or an abnormal sensitivity to peripheral motion in general or the mouth region in particular.

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32

Hameed, Shameem, Swapnaa Jayaraman, Melissa Ballard, and Nadine Sarter. "Guiding Visual Attention by Exploiting Crossmodal Spatial Links: An Application in Air Traffic Control." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 4 (October 2007): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100416.

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Recent research on multimodal information processing has provided evidence for the existence of crossmodal links in spatial attention between vision, audition, and touch. The present study examined whether these links can be exploited to support attention allocation in workplaces that involve competing task demands and the potential for visual data overload. In particular, the effectiveness of tactile cues for guiding visual attention to the location of a critical event was tested in the context of an air traffic control simulation. Participants monitored a display depicting the flight paths of 40 aircraft and were presented with tactile cues indicating either just the occurrence, or both the occurrence and display location, of an event requiring a participant response. Tactile cuing, especially when combined with location information, resulted in significantly higher detection rates and faster response times to these events. These findings indicate that tactile cuing is a promising means of directing visual attention in a data-driven manner.

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33

Müller, Hermann J., and John M. Findlay. "Sensitivity and criterion effects in the spatial cuing of visual attention." Perception & Psychophysics 42, no. 4 (July 1987): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03203097.

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34

Galfano, Giovanni, Michela Sarlo, Federica Sassi, Marianna Munafò, Luis J. Fuentes, and Carlo Umiltà. "Reorienting of spatial attention in gaze cuing is reflected in N2pc." Social Neuroscience 6, no. 3 (June 2011): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2010.515722.

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35

Wilkinson, Krista M., Rick Gilmore, and Yiming Qian. "Judicious Arrangement of Symbols on a Simulated Augmentative and Alternative Communication Display Optimizes Visual Attention by Individuals With Down Syndrome." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 65, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 710–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00278.

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Purpose: Aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) displays are often designed as symmetrical row–column grids, with each square in the grid containing a symbol. To maximize vocabulary on displays, symbols are often placed close to one another, and background color cuing is used to signal/differentiate symbols across different grammatical categories. However, from a visual and developmental standpoint, these display features (close-set symbols and use of background color cues) may not be optimal. In particular, placing symbols quite close together may result in visual crowding, in which individual symbols cannot be distinguished due to the presence of many neighbors, or flankers. This research sought to examine the role of display arrangement and background color cuing on the efficiency of visual attention during search. Method: Ten adolescents and adults with Down syndrome underwent a visual search task while a research-based eye tracking system recorded their patterns of visual attention. Participants searched for symbol targets on displays with varying levels of visual crowding and background color cuing. Results: Spatial arrangements that reduced visual crowding and that used the spatial organization to cue the grammatical category of symbols resulted in significantly fewer fixations to nonrelevant distracters during search and reduced the likelihood of fixations away from the target once it was located. Background color was helpful in reducing the latency to find the target. Discussion: Spatial cues may offer a powerful means to maximize the efficiency of search within AAC displays. Background color cuing may facilitate speed to locate targets in these older individuals. Implications for AAC design, as well as future avenues for maximizing (growing) vocabulary, are discussed.

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Ciardo, Francesca, Paola Ricciardelli, and Cristina Iani. "Trial-by-trial modulations in the orienting of attention elicited by gaze and arrow cues." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818769588.

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Recent findings suggested that the orienting of attention towards gazed at locations (i.e., the gaze cueing effect) could result from the conflict emerging in incongruent trials between the spatial information conveyed by gaze direction and the target spatial position. In two experiments, we assessed this hypothesis by investigating whether this effect is influenced by the same trial-by-trial modulations that are reported in a spatial conflict task, i.e., the Simon task. In Experiment 1, we compared the trial-by-trial modulations emerging in the Simon task with those emerging in a gaze cueing task, while in Experiment 2, we compared gaze and arrows cues. Trial-by-trial modulations were evident in both tasks. In the Simon task, correspondence sequence affected both corresponding and noncorresponding responses, this resulting in a larger Simon effect when the preceding trial was corresponding and an absent effect when the preceding trial was noncorresponding. Differently, in the gaze cueing task, congruence sequence affected only congruent responses with faster responses when the preceding trial was congruent compared to when it was incongruent, resulting in a larger gaze cuing effect when the preceding trial was congruent. Same results were evident with nonpredictive arrow cues. These findings speak against a spatial conflict account.

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37

Breska, Assaf, and Richard B. Ivry. "Double dissociation of single-interval and rhythmic temporal prediction in cerebellar degeneration and Parkinson’s disease." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 48 (November 13, 2018): 12283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810596115.

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Predicting the timing of upcoming events is critical for successful interaction in a dynamic world, and is recognized as a key computation for attentional orienting. Temporal predictions can be formed when recent events define a rhythmic structure, as well as in aperiodic streams or even in isolation, when a specified interval is known from previous exposure. However, whether predictions in these two contexts are mediated by a common mechanism, or by distinct, context-dependent mechanisms, is highly controversial. Moreover, although the basal ganglia and cerebellum have been linked to temporal processing, the role of these subcortical structures in temporal orienting of attention is unclear. To address these issues, we tested individuals with cerebellar degeneration or Parkinson’s disease, with the latter serving as a model of basal ganglia dysfunction, on temporal prediction tasks in the subsecond range. The participants performed a visual detection task in which the onset of the target was predictable, based on either a rhythmic stream of stimuli, or a single interval, specified by two events that occurred within an aperiodic stream. Patients with cerebellar degeneration showed no benefit from single-interval cuing but preserved benefit from rhythm cuing, whereas patients with Parkinson’s disease showed no benefit from rhythm cuing but preserved benefit from single-interval cuing. This double dissociation provides causal evidence for functionally nonoverlapping mechanisms of rhythm- and interval-based temporal prediction for attentional orienting, and establishes the separable contributions of the cerebellum and basal ganglia to these functions, suggesting a mechanistic specialization across timing domains.

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38

Hoffmann, Joachim, and Albrecht Sebald. "Local Contextual Cuing in Visual Search." Experimental Psychology 52, no. 1 (January 2005): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.52.1.31.

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Abstract. Previous research has indicated that covariations between the global layout of search displays and target locations result in contextual cuing: the global context guides attention to probable target locations. The present experiments extend these findings by showing that local redundancies also facilitate visual search. Participants searched for randomly located targets in invariant homogenous displays, i.e., the global context provided information neither about the location nor about the identity of the target. The only redundancy referred to spatial relations between the targets and certain distractors: Two of the distractors were frequently presented next to the targets. In four of five experiments, targets with frequent flankers were detected faster than targets with rare flankers. The data suggest that this local contextual cuing does not depend on awareness of the redundant local topography but needs the redundantly related stimuli to be attended to.

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39

Dodd, Michael D., John R. Hibbing, and Kevin B. Smith. "The politics of attention: gaze-cuing effects are moderated by political temperament." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 73, no. 1 (November 4, 2010): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-010-0001-x.

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40

Robertson, Lynn C., Robert Egly, Marvin R. Lamb, and Linda Kerth. "Spatial attention and cuing to global and local levels of hierarchical structure." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 19, no. 3 (1993): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.19.3.471.

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41

Fang, Ying, Shiyi Li, Nadia Wong, Shahan Tariq, Hanzhuang Zhu, Xuejun Bai, and Hong-Jin Sun. "Spatial Reference Frame of Incidentally Learned Attention in a Probability Cuing Paradigm." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.961.

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42

Lu, Zhong-Lin, Hennis Chi-Hang Tse, Barbara Anne Dosher, Luis A. Lesmes, Christian Posner, and Wilson Chu. "Intra- and cross-modal cuing of spatial attention: Time courses and mechanisms." Vision Research 49, no. 10 (June 2009): 1081–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2008.05.021.

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43

Atchley, P., and A. F. Kramer. "Spatial Cuing in a Stereoscopic Display: Attention Remains "Depth-Aware" with Age." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 53B, no. 5 (September 1, 1998): P318—P323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/53b.5.p318.

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44

Chica, Ana B., Daniel Sanabria, Juan Lupiáñez, and Charles Spence. "Comparing intramodal and crossmodal cuing in the endogenous orienting of spatial attention." Experimental Brain Research 179, no. 3 (December 8, 2006): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0798-7.

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Chica, Ana B., Daniel Sanabria, Juan Lupiáñez, and Charles Spence. "Comparing intramodal and crossmodal cuing in the endogenous orienting of spatial attention." Experimental Brain Research 179, no. 3 (February 27, 2007): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-007-0900-9.

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46

Carraro, Luciana, Mario Dalmaso, Luigi Castelli, and Giovanni Galfano. "The politics of attention contextualized: gaze but not arrow cuing of attention is moderated by political temperament." Cognitive Processing 16, no. 3 (June 9, 2015): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-015-0661-5.

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47

Kimura, Takahiko, Toshiaki Miura, and Kazumitsu Shinohara. "Effect of Fixation Point Distances on Allocation of Attention in Real Three-Dimensional Space." Perceptual and Motor Skills 109, no. 1 (August 2009): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.1.327-337.

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Although variation in spatial relations between observer and objects is important when attention functions in three-dimensional space, the effects of changes in spatial relations on attention in real three-dimensional space are still unclear. In Exp. 1, the effects of varying distances of the fixation point on attention in a spatial cuing paradigm were investigated. In Exp. 2, the effects of increase in task demand were examined by making observers detect a blinking fixation point, while performing the same task as in Exp. 1. In both experiments, attention could be manipulated by a precue when the fixation-point distance changed from trial to trial, and in Exp. 2 distribution of attention was manipulated by perceptual load. These findings together indicate that allocation of attentional resources in three-dimensional space varies by task demand.

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Zivony, Alon, and Dominique Lamy. "Contingent Attentional Engagement: Stimulus- and Goal-Driven Capture Have Qualitatively Different Consequences." Psychological Science 29, no. 12 (October 4, 2018): 1930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618799302.

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We examined whether shifting attention to a location necessarily entails extracting the features at that location, a process referred to as attentional engagement. In three spatial-cuing experiments ( N = 60), we found that an onset cue captured attention both when it shared the target’s color and when it did not. Yet the effects of the match between the response associated with the cued object’s identity and the response associated with the target (compatibility effects), which are diagnostic of attentional engagement, were observed only with relevant-color onset cues. These findings demonstrate that stimulus- and goal-driven capture have qualitatively different consequences: Before attention is reoriented to the target, it is engaged to the location of the critical distractor following goal-driven capture but not stimulus-driven capture. The reported dissociation between attentional shifts and attentional engagement suggests that attention is best described as a camera: One can align its zoom lens without pressing the shutter button.

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Ono, Fuminori, Yuhong Jiang, and Jun-ichiro Kawahara. "Intertrial temporal contextual cuing: Association across successive visual search trials guides spatial attention." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 31, no. 4 (August 2005): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.31.4.703.

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Won, Bo-Yeong, and Yuhong V. Jiang. "Spatial working memory interferes with explicit, but not probabilistic cuing of spatial attention." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 41, no. 3 (2015): 787–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000040.

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