Journal articles: 'Cue utilisation'

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Elvevaag, B., J. Duncan, and P. J. McKenna. "Attentional cue utilisation in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 15, no. 1-2 (April 1995): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(95)95357-f.

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Peynircioĝlu, Zehra F. "Trying harder may disrupt cue utilisation." European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2, no. 4 (October 1990): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541449008406213.

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Oaksford, Mike. "Speed, frugality, and the empirical basis of Take-The-Best." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 5 (October 2000): 760–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0044344x.

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This commentary questions the claim that Take-The-Best provides a cognitively more plausible account of cue utilisation in decision making because it is faster and more frugal than alternative algorithms. It is also argued that the experimental evidence for Take-The-Best, or non-integrative algorithms, is weak and appears consistent with people normally adopting an integrative approach to cue utilisation.

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Curley, Lee J., Jennifer Murray, Rory MacLean, and Phyllis Laybourn. "Are consistent juror decisions related to fast and frugal decision making? Investigating the relationship between juror consistency, decision speed and cue utilisation." Medicine, Science and the Law 57, no. 4 (October 2017): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802417733354.

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The aim of this study was to establish whether more consistent/accurate juror decision making is related to faster decision-making processes which use fewer cues – that is, fast and frugal heuristic processes. A correlational design was implemented with the co-variables: consistency of verdict decisions (participant decisions compared to the actual court verdicts), decision speed, and cue utilisation (the number of cues used to make a final verdict decision). Sixty participants read information about six murder trials which were based on real cases and whose outcome verdicts were deemed to be correct by the Scottish legal institution. Three of the cases had been handed down ‘not guilty’ verdicts, and three had been handed down ‘guilty’ verdicts. Participants read opening statements and were then presented with a block of prosecution evidence, followed by a block of defence evidence. They were then asked to make a final verdict. All three co-variables were significantly related. Cue utilisation and speed were positively correlated, as would be expected. Consistency was negatively and significantly related to both speed and cue utilisation. Partial correlations highlighted that cue utilisation was the only variable to have a significant relationship with consistency, and that the relationship between speed and consistency was a by-product of how frugal the juror was. Findings support the concept of frugal decisional processes being optimal within a juror context. The more frugal a decision is, the more likely jurors are to be to be accurate/consistent.

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Morton, Debbie L., Wael El–Deredy, Alex S. Morton, Rebecca Elliott, and Anthony K. P. Jones. "Optimism Facilitates the Utilisation of Prior Cues." European Journal of Personality 25, no. 6 (November 2011): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.805.

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It has been shown that optimists tend to rely more on their prior expectations than sensory input when making decisions of an intense nature (Geers & Lassiter, 2002). We investigated the degree to which this tendency persists over a range of discrepancies between prior cues and actual stimuli. Eighty–seven participants were shown a subset of happy, sad and fearful pictures drawn from the Ekman facial expressions of emotion (Ekman & Oster, 1979). Each picture was preceded by a verbal cue indicating the impending emotional expression and intensity. The displayed pictures were either in agreement, slightly discrepant or very discrepant with the cue. Participants rated the extent to which they agreed/disagreed with the expectation cue. Probit signal detection models were used to produce acquiescence for each subject at each level of discrepancy. Correlation analysis was performed on acquiescence and dispositional optimism scores. There was a significant correlation between all acquiescence scores for levels of discrepancies and dispositional optimism. Optimism appears to be a trait associated with acquiescence. The apparent tendency of optimists to comply may be due to a cognitive style that relies on expectations, such that it takes them longer to recognise the extent of discrepancy between expectations and incoming information. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Bruwer, Johan, Polymeros Chrysochou, and Isabelle Lesschaeve. "Consumer involvement and knowledge influence on wine choice cue utilisation." British Food Journal 119, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 830–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2016-0360.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the utilisation of product choice cues in a retail environment and the impact of consumer involvement on this utilisation. It further investigates the impact of product knowledge on product choice cue utilisation and its moderating role on the impact of consumer involvement. Design/methodology/approach The case of wine as an exemplary product category is considered, given the importance and variability of choice cues that have been found to affect product choice. Analysis is conducted on survey data from a sample of wine consumers in Ontario, Canada. Product choice cues are grouped into extrinsic, intrinsic and marketing mix. The importance of how these cues are influenced from different dimensions of consumer involvement is illustrated. Findings The results show that product knowledge has a positive impact on intrinsic product cue utilisation and further moderates this relationship improving the predictability of the hypothesised model. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed. Practical implications From an industry viewpoint, the focus in the past has mostly been on using packaging to attract attention/create awareness, create an image of desirability, etc., but not nearly as much on the functionality aspects thereof; for example alternative smaller packaging sizes to the standard 750 ml wine bottle. Originality/value The study uses a multi-dimensional approach to measure the impact of enduring involvement on utilisation of product choice cues.

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Gacasan, Eva Marie P., and Mark W. Wiggins. "Sensemaking through cue utilisation in disaster recovery project management." International Journal of Project Management 35, no. 5 (July 2017): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.09.009.

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Jiang, Xinyu, Lixiang Cao, and Renduo Zhang. "Effects of addition of nitrogen on soil fungal and bacterial biomass and carbon utilisation efficiency in a city lawn soil." Soil Research 52, no. 1 (2014): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13210.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on soil microbial (fungal and bacterial) biomass and carbon utilisation efficiency (CUE) in a city lawn soil. A field experiment was conducted with three N treatments (kg N ha–1 year–1): the control (0), low-N (100), and high-N (200). Soil biogeochemical properties including pH, C : N, CUE, microbial biomass C (MBC), fungal and bacterial biomass, microbial C uptake rates, and soil respiration (SR) rates were determined during a 500-day experiment. The low- and high-N treatments significantly decreased soil pH, MBC, and CUE. Available N and soil acidification caused a decline in soil MBC. Soil acidification was not beneficial for microbial biomass growth, especially for bacteria. The treatments with N changed soil biomass from bacterial-dominant to fungal-dominant. The results also showed that the CUE of bacterial-dominant soil was higher than that of fungal-dominant soil, which is contrary to previous studies. However, SR did not increase with decreased CUE under N treatments, because the addition of N limited soil microbial C uptake rates and significantly decreased soil microbial biomass. The CUE showed a negative correlation with soil temperature for the control treatment but not for the N treatments, which suggested that added N played a more important role in CUE than did soil temperature. Our results showed that addition of further N significantly alters soil biogeochemical properties, alters the ratio of bacteria to fungi, and decreases microbial carbon utilisation, which should provide important information for model-based prediction of soil C-cycling.

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Carrigan, A. J., A. Charlton, M. W. Wiggins, A. Georgiou, T. Palmeri, and K. M. Curby. "Cue utilisation reduces the impact of response bias in histopathology." Applied Ergonomics 98 (January 2022): 103590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103590.

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Watkinson, Jarrah, Grant Bristow, Jaime Auton, Catherine M. McMahon, and Mark W. Wiggins. "Postgraduate training in audiology improves clinicians’ audiology-related cue utilisation." International Journal of Audiology 57, no. 9 (May 25, 2018): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2018.1476782.

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Mishra, Sita, Gunjan Malhotra, and Garima Saxena. "In-store marketing of private labels: applying cue utilisation theory." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 49, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-04-2020-0152.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of in-store private label marketing to impact the attitude of consumers towards private label brands (PLBs) by influencing consumers' perceived quality variations between the PLBs and national brands.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on “Cue utilisation theory” and focusses on how retailers can influence consumers' perception of quality variations by providing them in-store marketing cues. Data was collected through the mall intercept method in New Delhi, India. Data analysis was done using AMOS 25 and the PROCESS SPSS macro.FindingsThis study establishes the effect of in-store private label marketing in improving consumers' quality perception of PLBs vis-à-vis national brands and thereby leading to a positive attitude towards PLBs. Further, the national brand promotions attitude is found to moderate the relationship between private label marketing and attitude towards PLBs. However, contrary to the authors' expectations, it has a positive effect on this relationship. The study found an insignificant moderation influence of price consciousness.Originality/valueThis study complements existing literature on “Cue utilisation theory” by demonstrating the importance of in-store private label marketing in improving consumers' attitudes towards PLBs. It also extends to fill some gaps in the literature by studying the direct, mediating and moderating relationship among in-store private label marketing, perceived quality variations, price consciousness, national brand promotion attitude and attitude towards PLBs, especially in an emerging market such as India.

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Bredahl, Lone. "Cue utilisation and quality perception with regard to branded beef." Food Quality and Preference 15, no. 1 (January 2004): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(03)00024-7.

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Carrigan, Ann, Paul Stoodley, Fernando Fernandez, Mackenzie Sunday, and Mark Wiggins. "Individual differences in echocardiography: Cue utilisation relates to visual object recognition ability." Journal of Vision 20, no. 11 (October 20, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.11.139.

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Booth, Robert W. "Reduced Stroop interference under stress: Decreased cue utilisation, not increased executive control." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 6 (November 7, 2018): 1522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818809368.

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Since the 1960s, researchers have been reporting that stress reduces Stroop interference. This is puzzling, as stress and anxiety typically have deleterious effects on cognitive control and performance. The traditional explanation is that stress reduces “cue utilisation”: It withdraws attentional resources from less relevant stimuli (including the distracter word), meaning that the target colour is left with a stronger influence over response selection. However, it could also be that stress somehow boosts distracter inhibition, or some other aspect of executive control. To test these two accounts, 59 students completed a Stroop task featuring occasional startlingly loud sounds (high stress) or the same sounds at a lower, comfortable volume (low stress). Alongside standard Stroop interference, two measures of executive control—negative priming and conflict adaptation—were calculated from the Stroop data. Stress produced a clear reduction of Stroop interference, but it did not influence negative priming, and no conflict adaptation effects were detected at all. These findings support the cue utilisation account. Furthermore, for the first time, stress was shown to reduce Stroop interference in a task with no congruent trials, showing that the effect does not result from stress’s modulating any strategy changes participants might make in response to congruent trials.

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Wiggins, Mark W., Edward Whincup, and Jaime C. Auton. "Cue utilisation reduces effort but increases arousal during a process control task." Applied Ergonomics 69 (May 2018): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.01.012.

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Falkland, Emma C., and Mark W. Wiggins. "Cross-task cue utilisation and situational awareness in simulated air traffic control." Applied Ergonomics 74 (January 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.07.015.

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Sturman, Daniel, Mark W. Wiggins, Jaime C. Auton, and William S. Helton. "Cue utilisation predicts control room operators’ performance in a sustained visual search task." Ergonomics 63, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2019.1680873.

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Wiggins, Mark W., Danielle Azar, Jake Hawken, Thomas Loveday, and David Newman. "Cue-utilisation typologies and pilots’ pre-flight and in-flight weather decision-making." Safety Science 65 (June 2014): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.01.006.

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Brouwers, Sue, Mark W. Wiggins, Barbara Griffin, William S. Helton, and David O’Hare. "The role of cue utilisation in reducing the workload in a train control task." Ergonomics 60, no. 11 (May 30, 2017): 1500–1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2017.1330494.

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SCHWEITZER, FIONA M. "THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF A PERCEIVED LACK OF AN INSTALLED BASE ON TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION." International Journal of Innovation Management 19, no. 02 (April 2015): 1550021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919615500218.

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In this paper, I analyse the impact that a perceived lack of an installed base has on the adoption of technological products. I use the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which considers perceived usefulness and ease-of-use as the central drivers of adoption and propose that the perceived lack of an installed base influences these two drivers. Based on cue utilisation theory, I further suggest that a perceived lack of an installed base can serve as an extrinsic cue of product quality deficiencies and difficulties with obtaining help and advice. In order to verify the supposed effect of a perceived lack of an installed base, I survey 162 households. The data shows that a perceived lack of an installed base of thermal solar systems (1) decreases their perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use and (2) acts as a mediator of the perceived risk. The study implies that managers launching technical innovations should develop strategies to influence consumers' perceptions of the current and the future installed base and communicate the development of the installed base to trigger adoption.

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Wiggins, Mark W. "A behaviour-based approach to the assessment of cue utilisation: implications for situation assessment and performance." Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 22, no. 1 (May 3, 2020): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2020.1758828.

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Joffe, Anthony D., and Mark W. Wiggins. "Cross-task cue utilisation and situational awareness in learning to manage a simulated rail control task." Applied Ergonomics 89 (November 2020): 103216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103216.

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Helm, Roland, and Antje Mark. "Implications from cue utilisation theory and signalling theory for firm reputation and the marketing of new products." International Journal of Product Development 4, no. 3/4 (2007): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpd.2007.012504.

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Wiggins, Mark W. "The role of cue utilisation and adaptive interface design in the management of skilled performance in operations control." Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 15, no. 3 (September 14, 2012): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2012.724725.

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Yee, Daniel J., Mark W. Wiggins, and Ben J. Searle. "Higher social cue utilisation improves communication, reduces perceived workload, and improves performance amongst ad hoc dyads in simulated rail control." Ergonomics 63, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2019.1680872.

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Curley, Lee J., Jennifer Murray, Rory MacLean, Phyllis Laybourn, and David Brown. "Faith in thy threshold." Medicine, Science and the Law 58, no. 4 (July 31, 2018): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802418791062.

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The current study focussed on the decision-making processes of jurors. The study investigated how jurors make a decision, if they integrate information within their decision-making process and if cue utilisation thresholds promote confirmation bias. To do this, 108 participants listened to one of nine cases. These participants were asked to give a likelihood of guilt rating after each piece of evidence, to state what the last piece of information was that they needed to make a decision and to give a final verdict at the end of a trial. The results highlighted that threshold decision making was being utilised, that information integration may allow thresholds to be reached and that thresholds may promote confirmation bias to reduce cognitive dissonance. In conclusion, this suggests that jurors integrate information until they reach a leading verdict, then the evaluation of information is distorted to support the leading threshold. Implications relate to legal instructions for jurors.

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Moreyra, Sabrina, Paola D'Adamo, and Mariana Lozada. "Odour and visual cues utilised by German yellowjackets (Vespula germanica) while relocating protein or carbohydrate resources." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 6 (2006): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06029.

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Foragers of Vespula germanica (Fab.) return to a food source that has not been depleted. In this work we investigate the utilisation of olfactory and visual cues by these foragers for relocating a specific source location. We trained wasp foragers to feed on a dish with either honey or meat. At the testing phase, we analysed searching and landing behaviour over three cues: the original feeding site, an unscented model of the food, and a container from which food odours emanated. We compared the responses of the foragers to the three cues and evaluated the effect of bait type with which wasps were trained. We found that landing responses are elicited mainly by odour cues in both protein- and carbohydrate-trained wasps. However, the type of food that wasps are exploiting influences their searching behaviour, as the number of hovers over the visual cue was higher when wasps were trained with carbohydrates whereas the number of hovers over the original feeding site was higher when wasps were trained with proteins.

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Sabri, Ouidade, Hai Van Doan, Faten Malek, and Hager Bachouche. "When is transparent packaging beneficial?" International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 48, no. 8 (May 6, 2020): 781–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-03-2019-0097.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the positive effect of packaging transparency on purchase intention is moderated by product quality risk (PQR) associated with the product category.Design/methodology/approachTwo separate experiments were conducted. Study 1 was designed to test the mediating role of perceived quality to account for the positive effect of transparency on purchase intention. Two types of packaging (opaque vs transparent) for a product associated with a high level of PQR were examined. Study 2 extended the findings by introducing the moderating role of PQR. A 2 (type of packaging: opaque vs transparent)*2 (PQR: low vs high) between subjects design was used.FindingsThe moderating role of the product PQR level is established: transparent packaging improves the product perceived quality and brand purchase intention when the product is associated with a high PQR, whereas there is no such preference for transparent packaging when the product is associated with a low PQR.Practical implicationsThe results offer insights to better understand the potential gains from adopting transparent packaging. If a brand manager's main goals are to develop sales, costly investments in research and development of transparent packaging appear to be fruitful only for products associated with high PQR.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to packaging, cue utilisation and perceived risk literatures by evidencing the moderating role of PQR to explain the positive effect of transparency on purchase intention.

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Shirai, Miyuri. "Understanding consumer perceptions of quality based on package size: the moderating role of the evaluation context." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 48, no. 7 (May 4, 2020): 749–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2019-0218.

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PurposeEmpirical research on the influence of package size on consumers' quality perception has been scarce. Yan et al. (2014), an initial study focusing on this topic, showed that a small package generates higher perceived quality than a large package of the same brand. To cultivate a deeper understanding of such an effect, this paper aims to extend that study by examining the process by incorporating the evaluation context as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments were carried out. In Study 1 (n = 380), the effect of package size on perceived quality was investigated by comparing a standalone context in which a single package size was presented and a context in which two different package sizes were shown. In Study 2 (n = 436), a standalone context was compared with another context in which participants viewed two different sizes but directed their attention to only one.FindingsThe findings indicate that the package size effect is not universal, and that it generally appears in a standalone context. In the contexts where two sizes were presented, it appears when consumers' attention is directed to only one size, whereas the effect does not manifest when consumers focus equal attention on both. The impact of the evaluation context is also stronger for small packages than for large packages.Originality/valueThis paper adds knowledge to packaging and cue-utilisation literature by clarifying a boundary condition of the impact of package size on consumers' quality perception.

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Delli, Réda, and Brahim Mouhouche. "Évaluation de l’Eau Virtuelle de la Phoeniciculture Algérienne pour sa Meilleure Utilisation." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 59, no. 1 (March 16, 2017): 1.1–1.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2017.59.1.1.

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Nikiforos, Michalis. "On the ‘utilisation controversy’: a rejoinder and some comments." Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, no. 3 (November 26, 2019): 709–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bez058.

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Abstract The conclusions of Gahn and González (2019) are weak for the following reasons: (i) The Federal Reserve Board (FRB) measure of utilisation is not appropriate for measuring long-run variations of utilisation because of the method and the purpose of its construction. Even if its difference with the measures of the average workweek of capital (AWW) was trivial, this would still be the case; if anything, it would show that the AWW is also an inappropriate measure. (ii) Gahn and González choose to ignore the longest available estimate of the AWW produced by Foss, which has a clear long-run trend. (iii) Their econometric results are not robust to more suitable specifications of the unit root tests. Under these specifications, the tests overwhelmingly fail to reject the unit root hypothesis. (iv) Other estimates of the AWW, which were not included in Nikiforos (2016) confirm these conclusions. (v) For the comparison between the AWW series and the Federal Reserve series, they construct variables that are not meaningful, because they subtract series in different units. When the comparison is done correctly, the results confirm that the difference between the AWW series and the FRB series has a unit root. (vi) Stationary utilisation rate is not consistent with any theory for the determination of capacity utilisation. Even if demand did not play a role, there is no reason to expect that all the other factors that determine utilisation would change in a fashion that would keep utilisation constant.

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Coetzee, Jacorien, Graham R. Eastham, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and David J. Cole-Hamilton. "Iridium(i) PNP complexes in the sp3C–H bond activation of methyl propanoate and related esters." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 4 (2015): 1585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02859g.

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The utilisation of the PNP iridium pincer complex [Ir(PNP)(COE)][BF₄] [PNP = 2,6-bis{(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl}pyridine; COE = cyclooctene] in the sp³C–H activation of methyl propanoate and other related esters was explored.

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Diallo, Mbaye Fall, and Jose Ribamar Siqueira Jr. "How previous positive experiences with store brands affect purchase intention in emerging countries." International Marketing Review 34, no. 4 (July 10, 2017): 536–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-07-2014-0224.

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Purpose Brand experience is a key factor that helps elucidate why consumers choose a given brand among others. The purpose this paper is to investigate how previous experience with store brands affects store brand purchase intention in two emerging markets and whether the cultural context moderates the relationships between store brand positive or negative cues and store brand purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach A store-intercept survey undertaken in the Latin American context generated 769 usable responses from consumers of two metropolitan cities (Brasilia and Bogota), respectively, in Brazil and Colombia. The questionnaires were collected in four well-established retail chains by professional investigators. Structural equation modelling was used to test a series of proposed hypotheses. Findings Overall, this paper reveals that consumers in Latin America do care about brand experience when shopping. More specifically, the results indicate that previous positive experience with store brands has a positive effect on consumer purchase intention in both countries investigated. In Brazil, store brand price perceptions mediate rather strongly the relationship between previous experience with store brands and purchase intention. In contrast, this effect is weak in Colombia. Store brand perceived risk has significant mediation effects in Brazil, but no mediation effects in Colombia. The authors also underline heterogeneous moderation effects of the cultural context, suggesting that common perceptions of Latin America as a culturally homogeneous region are stereotypical. Research limitations/implications Respondents were consumers of only two Latin American emerging countries (Brazil and Colombia) and shoppers of two retail chains in each country. Caution should therefore be exercised when generalising the results to other emerging markets. Practical implications The paper offers recommendations on how to standardise/adapt brand experience management in different Latin American markets. Overall, retailers should go beyond the transaction itself and establish true differentiation using different store brand ranges. However, due to differences in cultural contexts, marketing communication should adopt different approaches to each country: emphasise the price advantages of store brands in Brazil, but focus on other factors such as quality in Colombia. Because they are culturally bound, risk perceptions towards store brands should also be managed carefully. It would be possible to target premium consumer segments with standard store brands in Colombia while a more sophisticated approach is necessary in Brazil (e.g. co-branding or launching more premium store brands). Originality/value By employing three theoretical frameworks (learning theory, cue utilisation theory and culture theory), this research investigates the effect of previous experience with store brands on purchase intention in two emerging countries that are geographically close but culturally different. It highlights direct and indirect processes of brand experience and underlines significant structural path differences between the two Latin American countries investigated in terms of consumption behaviour towards store brands.

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TREZZINI, A. "CAPACITY UTILISATION IN THE LONG RUN: SOME FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS." Contributions to Political Economy 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cpe/17.1.53.

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Mohan, Devi, Tin Tin Su, Michael Donnelly, Wilfred Mok Kok Hoe, Désirée Schliemann, Min Min Tan, Daniel Reidpath, Nur Aishah Taib, and Pascale Allotey. "Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 12293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312293.

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Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest cancer in Malaysia. Delayed diagnosis is a significant cause of BC mortality in the country. Early diagnosis and screening are vital strategies in mortality reduction. This study assessed the level of utilisation and barriers for breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammogram in a semi-rural population in Malaysia and compared these across the different ethnic groups. This cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged 40 years and above, embedded within a health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS) in Segamat, Malaysia. Trained data collectors collected data on screening and barriers during home visits. Study participants (n = 250) were aged 59.4 ± 10.9 years and represented Malaysia’s three major ethnic groups. Practice of regular BSE, CBE uptake (ever) and mammogram (ever) was 23.2%, 36% and 22.4%, respectively. Regular BSE practice was highest in the Malay ethnic group and least among the Chinese. Regular CBE was very low in all ethnic groups (<5%). Mammogram uptake was highest among Chinese (34.4%), followed by Indians (30.4%) and Malays (16.6%). After adjusting for other socio-demographic variables, Malay ethnicity was positively associated with regular BSE (adjusted OR = 5.26, 95% CI 2.05, 13.50) and negatively associated with having had a mammogram (adjusted OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.15, 0.57). Lower education was negatively associated (adjusted OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.17, 0.74) with mammogram attendance (ever). Emotional and financial barriers were the most reported types of barriers, specifically, fear of diagnosis (74.8%), cost of diagnosis (69.6%) and fear of losing a breast (66.4%). Malay women more commonly reported most barriers compared to other ethnic groups. Screening uptake was low among semi-rural women in Malaysia. Implementing culturally appropriate interventions that consider ethnic differences is crucial to empowering women to engage in BC screening initiatives in these communities.

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Jaschik, Jolanta, Manfred Jaschik, and Krzysztof Warmuziński. "The utilisation of fly ash in CO2 mineral carbonation." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0004.

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Abstract The fixation of CO2 in the form of inorganic carbonates, also known as mineral carbonation, is an interesting option for the removal of carbon dioxide from various gas streams. The captured CO2 is reacted with metal-oxide bearing materials, usually naturally occurring minerals. The alkaline industrial waste, such as fly ash can also be considered as a source of calcium or magnesium. In the present study the solubility of fly ash from conventional pulverised hard coal fired boilers, with and without desulphurisation products, and fly ash from lignite fluidised bed combustion, generated by Polish power stations was analysed. The principal objective was to assess the potential of fly ash used as a reactant in the process of mineral carbonation. Experiments were done in a 1 dm3 reactor equipped with a heating jacket and a stirrer. The rate of dissolution in water and in acid solutions was measured at various temperatures (20 - 80ºC), waste-to-solvent ratios (1:100 - 1:4) and stirrer speeds (300 - 1100 min-1). Results clearly show that fluidised lignite fly ash has the highest potential for carbonation due to its high content of free CaO and fast kinetics of dissolution, and can be employed in mineral carbonation of CO2.

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Connelly, Tara M., Cillian Clancy, Scott R. Steele, and Hermann Kessler. "Lymph node recurrence after right colon resection for cancer: evidence for the utilisation of complete mesocolic excision." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 5 (May 2022): e247904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-247904.

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Complete mesocolic excision (CME) of colon cancer is a resection performed along embryological planes to include the completely intact mesentery surrounding the tumour with a high central vascular ligation. The aim is to remove all lymph nodes draining the cancer. Proponents of the technique cite the significantly decreased local recurrence and improved 5-year survival rates associated with CME versus conventional colectomy. Although increasingly performed in many centres, it has not yet gained widespread acceptance as it is technically more challenging and can incur an increased bleeding risk. A man in his 80s underwent a conventional right hemicolectomy for a pT4aN2aM0 ascending colon cancer at another institution. This was followed by chemotherapy. He presented to our institution 2 years later with an isolated 3.7×3.2 cm mesenteric tumour adjacent to his anastomosis. There was no intraluminal recurrence. He then underwent a repeat extended right colectomy with CME. Pathology confirmed lymph node recurrence. His case demonstrates the importance of CME in reducing carcinoma recurrence risk.

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Magdziarz, Aneta, Monika Kuźnia, Michał Bembenek, Paweł Gara, and Marek Hryniewicz. "Briquetting of EAF Dust for its Utilisation in Metallurgical Processes." Chemical and Process Engineering 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2015-0018.

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Abstract Dust generated at an electric arc furnace during steel production industry is still not a solved problem. Electric arc furnace dust (EAF) is a hazardous solid waste. Sintering of well-prepared briquetted mixtures in a shaft furnace is one of possible methods of EAFD utilisation. Simultaneously some metal oxides from exhaust gases can be separated. In this way, various metals are obtained, particularly zinc is recovered. As a result, zinc-free briquettes are received with high iron content which can be used in the steelmaking process. The purpose of the research was selecting the appropriate chemical composition of briquettes of the required strength and coke content necessary for the reduction of zinc oxide in a shaft furnace. Based on the results of the research the composition of the briquettes was selected. The best binder hydrated lime and sugar molasses and the range of proper moisture of mixture to receive briquettes of high mechanical strength were also chosen and tested. Additionally, in order to determine the thermal stability for the selected mixtures for briquetting thermal analysis was performed. A technological line of briquetting was developed to apply in a steelworks.

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Hasan, Bassam. "Effects of General and ERP Self-Efficacy Beliefs on the Acceptance of ERP Systems." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 17, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649218500314.

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The impact of computer self-efficacy (CSE) on acceptance and utilisation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems is widely recognised in the literature. However, past ERP adoption research has mostly used CSE as a universal and general computer cognitive variable across the computing domain. While CSE is a multifaceted concept which can be conceptualised and assessed at the general computer or application-specific level, past studies did not differentiate between the general and application self-efficacy belief in examining the acceptance of ERP systems. This study aims to address this issue and make a clear distinction between general computer and application (ERP) self-efficacy beliefs and examines the effects of both types of efficacy beliefs on known determinants of acceptance and use of ERP systems. The results provide strong support for the effects of self-efficacy beliefs at the ERP level. The results show that the effects of CSE beliefs at the ERP level are stronger than those of general CSE beliefs on ERP acceptance behaviour.

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Alsarhan, Latifah M., Alhanouf S. Alayyar, Naif B. Alqahtani, and Nezar H. Khdary. "Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO2 and Protect the Environment, a Review." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 11625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111625.

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Increased levels of carbon dioxide have revolutionised the Earth; higher temperatures, melting icecaps, and flooding are now more prevalent. Fortunately, renewable energy mitigates this problem by making up 20% of human energy needs. However, from a “green environment” perspective, can carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere be reduced and eliminated? The carbon economic circle is an ideal solution to this problem, as it enables us to store, use, and remove carbon dioxide. This research introduces the circular carbon economy (CCE) and addresses its economic importance. Additionally, the paper discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS), and the utilisation of CO2. Furthermore, it explains current technologies and their future applications on environmental impact, CO2 capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS). Various opinions on the best way to achieve zero carbon emissions and on CO2 applications and their economic impact are also discussed. The circular carbon economy can be achieved through a highly transparent global administration that is supportive of advanced technologies that contribute to the efficient utilisation of energy sources. This global administration must also provide facilities to modernise and develop factories and power stations, based on emission-reducing technologies. Monitoring emissions in countries through a global monitoring network system, based on actual field measurements, linked to a worldwide database allows all stakeholders to track the change in greenhouse gas emissions. The process of sequestering carbon dioxide in the ocean is affected by the support for technologies and industries that adopt the principle of carbon recycling in order to maintain the balance. This includes supporting initiatives that contribute to increasing vegetation cover and preserving oceans from pollutants, especially chemicals and radioactive pollutants, which will undoubtedly affect the process of sequestering carbon dioxide in the oceans, and this will contribute significantly to maintaining carbon dioxide at acceptable levels.

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Inotai, Andras, Marcell Csanadi, Guenka Petrova, Maria Dimitrova, Tomasz Bochenek, Tomas Tesar, Kristina York, et al. "Patient Access, Unmet Medical Need, Expected Benefits, and Concerns Related to the Utilisation of Biosimilars in Eastern European Countries: A Survey of Experts." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9597362.

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This policy research aims to map patient access barriers to biologic treatments, to explore how increased uptake of biosimilars may lower these hurdles and to identify factors limiting the increased utilisation of biosimilars. A policy survey was developed to review these questions in 10 Central and Eastern European (CEE) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. Two experts (one public and one private sector representative) from each country completed the survey. Questions were related to patient access, purchasing, clinical practice, and real-world data collection on both original biologics and biosimilars. Restrictions on the number of patients that can be treated and related waiting lists were reported as key patient access barriers. According to respondents, for both clinicians and payers the primary benefit of switching patients to biosimilars would be to treat more patients. However, concerns with therapeutic equivalence and fear of immunogenicity may reduce utilisation of biosimilars. Similar limitations in patient access to both original biologics and biosimilars raise concerns about the appropriateness and success of current biosimilar policies in CEE and CIS countries. The conceptual framework for additional real-world data collection exists in all countries which may provide a basis for future risk-management activities including vigorous pharmacovigilance data collection.

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Beaulieu, Judith, Mario Godard, and FranÃ§ois Bowen. "Calculating the Productivity and Efficiency of an Educational Product: Transposition of Mario Godardâ€™s Method." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION METHODOLOGY 8, no. 1 (May 16, 2017): 1411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijrem.v8i1.6070.

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The Office of the educational materialâ€™s approval is responsible for approving educational material. The approval process does not include use of the material by students. The productivity of educational products is unknown. The goal of this article is to find a way to calculate the productivity and efficiency of an educational product, to improve it in order to provide a truly effective tool. To do this, we were inspired by the book written by Professor Mario Godard (2010). We will propose ways to measure the productivity and efficiency of an educational product. Finally, we will discuss the difficulties caused by this calculation. RÃ‰SUMÃ‰. Le Bureau dâ€™approbation du matÃ©riel didactique a pour tÃ¢che dâ€™approuver le matÃ©riel didactique. Cette Ã©valuation ne comprend pas une utilisation par les Ã©lÃ¨ves. La productivitÃ© et lâ€™efficience du processus de conception dâ€™un produit pÃ©dagogique et lâ€™impact de lâ€™utilisation de ce produit sur la productivitÃ© du processus dâ€™utilisation sont inconnus. Ce texte a pour objectif de trouver une faÃ§on de calculer la productivitÃ© et lâ€™efficience du processus de conception dâ€™un produit et lâ€™impact de lâ€™utilisation dâ€™un produit pÃ©dagogique sur la productivitÃ© du processus de formation. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes inspirÃ©s du livre du professeur Mario Godard (2010).

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Muchopa, Chiedza L. "Economic Impact of Tariff Rate Quotas and Underfilling: The Case of Canned Fruit Exports from South Africa to the EU." Economies 9, no. 4 (October 18, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9040155.

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Export trade provided for under tariff rate quotas (TRQs) is an important contributor to improving South Africa’s export access to European markets. The performance of exporter-administered TRQs has not received much research attention in the context of the below par market access utilisation of a given opportunity. The present study analysed how the country performed in terms of utilising its TRQ for canned pears, apricots, and peaches provided by the European Union (EU) for the period 2010 to 2019. The permit allocation system for TRQs in South Africa is described for further understanding of aspects of the TRQ system likely to affect quota fill. Performance was assessed in terms of yearly quota utilisation rates as well as welfare measured in equivalent variation calculated in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) trade model. The analysis found that the canned fruit TRQ exhibited a fill rate average of 61% for the past 10 years (2010–2019) and 49% for the period 2015–2019, thus falling far short of the goal of achieving full market access availed by the EU within the protocols of liberalised trade. The welfare effects of trade liberalisation confirmed the underutilisation of the TRQ indicated by a welfare loss, considering the difference in gains of an underutilised quota (USD 2497) and a fully utilised quota (USD 2530). The study highlights the importance of full utilisation of preferences.

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Driver, C. "Capacity utilisation and corporate restructuring: a comparative study of the US, UK and other EU countries." Cambridge Journal of Economics 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bei002.

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Njagi, Purity, Jelena Arsenijevic, and Wim Groot. "Decomposition of changes in socioeconomic inequalities in catastrophic health expenditure in Kenya." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 29, 2020): e0244428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244428.

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Background Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is frequently used as an indicator of financial protection. CHE exists when health expenditure exceeds a certain threshold of household consumption. Although CHE is reported to have declined in Kenya, it is still unacceptably high and disproportionately affects the poor. This study examines the socioeconomic factors that contribute to inequalities in CHE as well as the change in these inequalities over time in Kenya. Methods We used data from the Kenya household health expenditure and utilisation (KHHEUS) surveys in 2007 and 2013. The concertation index was used to measure the socioeconomic inequalities in CHE. Using the Wagstaff (2003) approach, we decomposed the concentration index of CHE to assess the relative contribution of its determinants. We applied Oaxaca-type decomposition to assess the change in CHE inequalities over time and the factors that explain it. Results The findings show that while there was a decline in the incidence of CHE, inequalities in CHE increased from -0.271 to -0.376 and was disproportionately concentrated amongst the less well-off. Higher wealth quintiles and employed household heads positively contributed to the inequalities in CHE, suggesting that they disadvantaged the poor. The rise in CHE inequalities overtime was explained mainly by the changes in the elasticities of the household wealth status. Conclusion Inequalities in CHE are persistent in Kenya and are largely driven by the socioeconomic status of the households. This implies that the existing financial risk protection mechanisms have not been sufficient in cushioning the most vulnerable from the financial burden of healthcare payments. Understanding the factors that sustain inequalities in CHE is, therefore, paramount in shaping pro-poor interventions that not only protect the poor from financial hardship but also reduce overall socioeconomic inequalities. This underscores the fundamental need for a multi-sectoral approach to broadly address existing socioeconomic inequalities.

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Nikiforos, Michalis. "On the ‘utilisation controversy’: a theoretical and empirical discussion of the Kaleckian model of growth and distribution." Cambridge Journal of Economics 40, no. 2 (January 22, 2015): 437–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beu076.

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Bouriaud, Laura, and Franz Schmithüsen. "Allocation of Property Rights on Forests through Ownership Reform and Forest Policies in Central and Eastern European Countries." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0297.

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The study applies some concepts of the economics of property rights to the allocation of rights on forests in Central and Eastern European countries. The classification of forest assets, according to their economic characteristics and the analytical framework proposed by SCHLAGER & OSTROM (1992), are used to examine the impact of ownership reforms and policy changes on forest utilisation in the CEE region. It is shown that while reform ownership reforms deal with the formal definition of rights on forestland, new forest policies more properly define the economic rights, e.g. the owner's ability to make a profit from the assets he owns. The conclusions argue that the combination of property and liability rules, applied to ensure the procurement of environmental services, can efficiently allocate forest resources. However, the rules on forest utilisation are formulated collectively in public policy-driven decision making processes in which private forest owners are not yet able to adequately participate. Measures must be adopted to facilitate more effective participation of private land owners in political processes in order to balance the presently ongoing trends of considering forests, irrespective to the legal regime of ownership,as a common-pool resource.

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Grégoire, Pascal. "L’utilisation d’un outil numérique d’aide à la révision et à la correction à la fin du secondaire : effets sur la qualité de l’écriture." Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'éducation 44, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 788–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.v44i3.4809.

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Dans le cadre de la quasi-expérimentation faisant l’objet de cet article, nous avons voulu évaluer les effets de l’utilisation d’un outil numérique d’aide à la révision et à la correction sur la qualité de l’écriture. Trois-cent-quatre (n = 304) adolescents québécois issus d’écoles publiques francophones y ont participé, écrivant un premier texte à la main, puis un second selon l’une de ces modalités : 1) à la main ; 2) au traitement de texte (TT), sans correcticiel ; 3) au TT, avec correcticiel ; 4) au TT, avec correcticiel et formation à son utilisation. Les données, analysées de façon quantitative (ANOVA, tests t à mesures appariées), montrent que les utilisateurs du correcticiel font moins d’erreurs d’orthographe que leurs pairs, mais plus d’erreurs relatives au lexique. En revanche, les élèves n’utilisant que le TT réussissent moins bien. Ces résultats rappellent qu’apprendre l’écriture numérique est complexe, puis appellent à tenir compte de ses spécificités. Mots-clés : écriture, numérique, traitement de texte, correcticiel, orthographe, syntaxe, grammaire du texte, évaluation

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Ngo, Thanh Van, Christopher James Scarlett, Michael Christian Bowyer, Phuong Duc Ngo, and Quan Van Vuong. "Impact of Different Extraction Solvents on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity from the Root of Salacia chinensis L." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9305047.

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This study aimed to study the impact of selected common organic solvents on extractable solids, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of S. chinensis. The results showed that the tested solvents played an important role in extraction of total solid and phytochemical composition as well as antioxidant capacity of S. chinensis. Acetone (50% v/v) was found to be the optimal extraction solvent for extractable solids (12.2%), phenolic compounds (60 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (100 mg CE/g DW), proanthocyanidins (47.4 mg CE/g DW), and saponins (754 mg EE/g DW) as well as antioxidant capacity (ABTS 334 mM TE/g DW, DPPH 470 mM TE/g DW, FRAP 347 mM TE/g DW, and CUPRAC 310 mM TE/g DW). The extract prepared from 50% acetone had high levels of bioactive compounds (TPC 555 mg GAE/g CRE, flavonoids 819 mg CE/g CRE, proanthocyanidins 392 mg CE/g CRE, and saponins 1,880 mg EE/g CRE) as well as antioxidant capacity (ABTS 414 mM TE/g, DPPH 407 mM TE/g, FRAP 320 mg TE/g, and CUPRAC 623 mM TE/g), thus further confirming that 50% acetone is the solvent of choice. Therefore, 50% acetone is recommended for extraction of phenolic compounds, their secondary metabolites, saponins, and antioxidant capacity from the root of S. chinensis for further isolation and utilisation.

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Gill, Christopher J., Ngoc Bao Le, Nafisa Halim, Cao Thi Hue Chi, Viet Ha Nguyen, Rachael Bonawitz, Pham Vu Hoang, et al. "mCME project V.2.0: randomised controlled trial of a revised SMS-based continuing medical education intervention among HIV clinicians in Vietnam." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 1 (February 2018): e000632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000632.

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BackgroundContinuing medical education (CME) is indispensable, but costs are a barrier. We tested the effectiveness of a novel mHealth intervention (mCME V.2.0) promoting CME among Vietnamese HIV clinicians.MethodsWe enrolled HIV clinicians from three provinces near Hanoi. The 6-month intervention consisted of (1) daily short message service multiple-choice quiz questions, (2) daily linked readings, (3) links to online CME courses and (4) feedback messages describing the performance of the participant relative to the group. Control participants had equal access to the online CME courses. Our primary endpoint was utilisation of the online CME courses; secondary endpoints were self-study behaviour, performance on a standardised medical exam and job satisfaction.ResultsFrom 121 total HIV clinicians in the three provinces, 106 (87.6%) enrolled, and 48/53 intervention (90%) and 47/53 control (89%) participants completed the endline evaluations. Compared with controls, intervention participants were more likely to use the CME courses (risk ratio (RR) 2.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.8, accounting for 83% of course use (P<0.001)). Intervention participants increased self-study behaviours over controls in terms of use of medical textbooks (P<0.01), consulting with colleagues (P<0.01), searching on the internet (P<0.001), using specialist websites (P=0.02), consulting the Vietnam HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines (P=0.02) and searching the scientific literature (P=0.09). Intervention participants outperformed controls on the exam (+23% vs +12% score gains, P=0.05) and had higher job satisfaction.ConclusionThe mCME V.2.0 intervention improved self-study behaviour, medical knowledge and job satisfaction. This approach has potential for expansion in Vietnam and similar settings.Trial registration numberNCT02381743.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cue utilisation'

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