Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cue utilisation'

Elite racket sports players have been shown to be able to anticipate strokes in advance of kinematic stroke information, although the use of this ability in match situations is relatively unknown. Previous studies have not considered shot difficulty or the extent to which situational probabilities can influence anticipatory behaviour. Study 1 compared the anticipatory abilities of different ability squash players when viewing a temporally occluded film task of two elite players with shot difficulty controlled and previous rally information available. Expertise only accounted for the ability to determine where hard shots were to be played and thus the ability to use situational information was thought to define expertise. Studies 2a and 2b assessed anticipation in National squash and County badminton players by remotely occluding vision whilst playing simulated competitive matches wearing liquid-crystal occlusion spectacles against matched ability opponents. Results suggested that these badminton players tended to use swing sequence visual cues whereas squash players tended to make their decisions based on situational information alone. Studies 3 a and 3b used a high-speed camera analysis to measure the first movement in the correct direction of County badminton and expert squash players. Squash players were more likely to move early for hard shots but less than predicted by the previous studies. Estimates for the squash players suggested anticipation of the hard shots occurred about one third of the time before swing kinematic information was available (two thirds after). Badminton players only anticipated 1 or 2 shots in every 10. This thesis has provided support for expertise related anticipatory behaviour, which was not always acted upon, possibly due to tactics. Situational information is suggested to be more useful than previously thought. Future research should assess other playing standards and also consider other methods for determining anticipation during actual matches.

Deceptive Impression Management (DIM), defined as faking in order to be perceived positively, is frequently used by candidates in employment interviews. DIM is problematic because it is difficult for interviewers to accurately rate, leading to unsound interview evaluations. This invalidates employment interviews because the best candidate is not selected for the job (i.e., deceptive candidates are hired above preferable honest candidates). Deceptive candidates’ good interview performance is negatively related to desired organisational outcomes (i.e., once hired, deceptive candidates are more likely to underperform on the job, as well as engage in undesirable workplace behaviours such as lack of effort and/or theft). Drawing on the Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM), it is argued that interviewers do not detect and/or utilise relevant and available DIM cues because they have not been taught to do so. The present study uses a post-test only true experimental design to determine whether students can be trained to accurately rate targets’ DIM. A Frame of Reference Training (FORT) intervention was developed, implemented, and evaluated. FORT aimed to teach experimental group participants to detect and utilise relevant and available DIM cues and to make accurate overall DIM profile ratings. Results show that FORT had a positive effect on DIM cue detection, but no effect on either DIM cue utilisation accuracy or overall DIM profile rating accuracy. Findings are attributed to the moderators of the ‘good judge’, ‘good information’ as well as the design and implementation of the FORT intervention. Because FORT had a positive effect on DIM cue detection accuracy, it is concluded that raters’ behaviour observation ability can be learned and improved with training. To the knowledge of the researcher and research supervisor, this is the first study to: (1) determine the trainability of DIM using FORT; (2) support and disentangle RAM by measuring the effect of FORT on each stage of RAM independently; (3) indirectly examine new dispositional reasoning schemas pertaining to DIM. Keywords: deceptive impression management (DIM), Frame of Reference training (FOR), Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM), accuracy, employment interviews.

L'objectif principal de notre travail était de déterminer si l'ordinateur peut effectivement aider au développement de la vision spatiale en géométrie, et, si oui, comment il peut le faire. D'abord nous avons analysé si l'ordinateur peut remplacer l'utilisation des maquettes dans l'enseignement. Le but de la première expérience était de comparer la maquette et l'ordinateur, en cherchant les sections planes du cube. L'expérience a montré que ce n'est pas suffisant d'énuméré les solutions. Pour que les résultats soit durables, les élèves doivent travailler sur le problème. En se basent sur ces résultats, nous avons écrit des logiciels qui utilisent des rétroactions perceptives, pour développer la capacité de visualisation, rotation mentale, relations spatiales et orientation (composantes de la vision spatiale). Les logiciels génèrent des exercices au format HTML dynamique. Dans le cas de la rotation mentale nous avons effectué une expérience qui a montré que les résultats des élèves se sont amélioré au fur et à mesure
The aim of this thesis is to decide that the computer programs can help in improvement of spatial intelligence. At first we examined that the computer programs could replace the models in the education, or not. The aim of the first experiment was to compare the result of tests based on programs and models about plane sections. The result indicates that it is not enough to rattle off the solutions, but students need to work up the computer-generated answers to burn into their mind. To improve the student's spatial abilities we prepared several programs to generate different kinds of spatial problems, and correct their answers. The programs generating the tests were written in Javascript and were embedded in the source of the HTML pages, as well the routines of checking. Our experiments show by using these programs the students' results are getting better and better, so we can improve their spatial intelligence, moreover the students like to use computer programs to study spatial geometry

Dans le contexte actuel d’accélération du changement climatique et d’augmentation de la population mondiale, le milieu de la construction doit faire face à des enjeux cruciaux : diminuer son impact environnemental tout en construisant suffisamment de logements. Face à ces enjeux, le développement de matériaux de construction bio-sourcés et locaux apparait comme une nécessaire alternative écologique à la construction en béton de ciment à l’impact environnemental conséquent. Cette thèse vise à développer des blocs de terre crue reproductibles, aux caractéristiques mécaniques maitrisées pour construire des bâtiments de trois étages. Les terres, stabilisées à l’aide d’ajouts bio-sourcés et sans liants hydrauliques, utilisées pour fabriquer ces blocs doivent être excavées en Bretagne. Ainsi, trois terres représentatives de la variabilité des ressources à l’échelle locale sont d’abord caractérisées. Les comportements rhéologiques de formulations de ces terres avec différents ajouts sont ensuite appréhendés afin de les adapter à des modes de mise en oeuvre étudiés : moulage, extrusion, compaction et vibrocompaction. Les caractéristiques mécaniques à l’état sec et en service présentées par chaque formulation de terre sont ensuite étudiées pour chaque procédé de mise en oeuvre. Enfin des caractéristiques de durabilité de ces formulations de terres bretonnes sont étudiées : absorption capillaire, résistances à l’érosion et à l’immersion. Les résultats obtenus permettent d’envisager le développement à une échelle semi-industrielle la fabrication de blocs porteurs en terre crue aux impacts environnementaux les plus faibles possible
In the actual context of accelerated climate change and increase in global population, the building industry must face crucial challenges: decrease its environmental impact while offering housing solutions for the humankind. To answer it, the development of new bio-based and local building materials appears to be a much-needed ecological alternative to cementitious materials that presents significant environmental footprint. This PhD work aims to develop earth-based blocks with guaranteed mechanical properties in order to build 3-storey buildings. These earths, stabilized using bio-based additions but without any cement or lime, are locally sourced. Therefore, three earths that represent the local variability of resources are first characterised. Then, the rheological behaviour of each type of earth mix is assessed in order to adapt earth mix-design to each studied forming process (compaction, vibro-compaction, casting and extrusion. Mechanical performances at the dry state and in-service life of each earth mix-design are measured for all studied processing routes. Finally, some durability properties of the Britanysourced earth-based materials are described: capillary absorption, erosion and immersion resistance. Obtained results show that produced blocks are as performant as cementstabilized earth materials and allow to consider the semi-industrial development of earth-based blocks fabrication units for structural purpose with limited environmental footprint

Les problèmes climatiques planétaires nous poussent à concevoir des systèmes constructifs à faible consommation d’énergie. L’utilisation des murs constitués d’écomatériaux (ossature bois avec un remplissage de brique de terre crue et assemblage parmortier minéral) apparaît comme une solution alternative intéressante et conforme aux objectifs en matière de développement durable. Dans une démarche de conception de ce type de système constructif, un outil de modélisation thermo-hydro-mécanique a été développé. Il vise d’une part à prédire la capacité de la paroi à réguler les conditions hygrothermiques ambiantes lors des alternances jour/nuit en fonction des différentes stratégies de ventilation, et d’autre part à identifier les différents scénarios décrits en termes de température et d’humidité pouvant induire l’apparition de fissures dans la paroi, aussi bien en phase de construction qu’en conditions de service. La rareté des travaux réalisés sur les propriétés de la terre crue nous a poussés à développer une campagne expérimentale multidisciplinaire pour caractériser les propriétés thermiques, hydriques et mécaniques sous différents états hydriques. Ces propriétés alimentent le modèle, dont les adaptations nécessaires sont présentées. Les résultats portent à la fois sur l’impact sur le confort hygrothermique et sur l’effet des variations hydriques sur la durabilité mécanique de la paroi
Global climate problems push us to design energy-saving constructive systems. The use of walls made of eco-materials (wooden frame with a filling of brick of raw earth and assembled by mineral mortar) appears as an interesting alternative solution being in linewith the objectives in terms of sustainable development. In order to use a numerical simulation approach to this type of constructive system, a thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling tool was developed. On the one hand, it aims to predict the wall's ability to regulate the ambient hygrothermal conditions during day / night alternations according to the different ventilation assumptions and, on the other hand, to identify the various scenarios described in terms of temperature which can induce the appearance of cracks in the wall, both during construction and operating conditions. The originality of the work carried out on the properties of the raw earth make us able to develop a multidisciplinary experimental campaign to characterize the thermal, hydric and mechanical properties under different humidity conditions. These properties feed the numerical model with the necessary adaptations presented. The results present both the impact on hygrothermal comfort and to the effect of humidity changes on the mechanical durability of the wall

En zone méditerranéenne, d'intenses précipitations automnales sont responsables de crues particulièrement violentes : les crues " éclair ". L'intensité et la variabilité des précipitations ainsi que la complexité des processus hydrologiques responsables de la production des écoulements sur ces bassins limitent la prédictibilité de ces phénomènes. Une meilleure compréhension des processus impliqués dans les réponses hydrologiques des bassins versants et responsables de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des chemins de l'eau peut permettre d'améliorer les modélisations de ce type d'évènement. S'insérant dans le cadre de l'hydrologie spatialisée, cette thèse se propose d'étudier l'apport des potentialités satellitales, et notamment des produits 3D à très haute résolution pour la caractérisation spatiale des bassins et de leurs réseaux hydrographiques, afin d'étudier les origines géomorphologiques des variations spatio-temporelles des réponses hydrologiques et en vue d'améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes responsables des épisodes de crue. Pour cela, ce travail s'articule autour de deux axes. Le premier consiste à caractériser, à partir de données spatiales, le drain " potentiel " représentant le réseau géomorphologique sec formé par la suite continue des lignes de thalweg des bassins. Un algorithme original utilisant une structure de MNT sous forme triangulaire (TIN) a été développé spécifiquement dans ce but, afin d'obtenir un tracé des réseaux fidèle à leur tracé réel et de fournir des éléments sur leur géomorphologie ainsi que sur celle des bassins. Le deuxième axe concerne l'étude de la dynamique drain en eau ou " réel ". Il s'agit d'améliorer la compréhension des dynamiques spatiales de mise en eau des drains à travers différents épisodes de crue. Dans ce cadre, un réseau spatialisé de capteurs légers a été distribué sur deux bassins expérimentaux (< 1Km²) situés sur le Gardon d'Anduze afin de suivre les variations spatio-temporelles des dynamiques hydrologiques au sein des réseaux en eau. La confrontation des caractéristiques géomorphologiques et des réponses hydrologiques observées a permis de confirmer la prédominance des écoulements sub-surfaciques sur les bassins étudiés, de mettre en évidence deux types de réseaux aux fonctionnements différenciés (le réseau principal et le réseau secondaire), l'importante influence des pentes et de leur changement sur l'initiation et la pérennité des écoulements au sein des réseaux, et de proposer des hypothèses de fonctionnements différenciés en fonction des épisodes.

En zone méditerranéenne, d’intenses précipitations automnales sont responsables de crues particulièrement violentes : les crues « éclair ». L’intensité et la variabilité des précipitations ainsi que la complexité des processus hydrologiques responsables de la production des écoulements sur ces bassins limitent la prédictibilité de ces phénomènes. Une meilleure compréhension des processus impliqués dans les réponses hydrologiques des bassins versants et responsables de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des chemins de l’eau peut permettre d’améliorer les modélisations de ce type d’évènement. S’insérant dans le cadre de l’hydrologie spatialisée, cette thèse se propose d'étudier l'apport des potentialités satellitales, et notamment des produits 3D à très haute résolution pour la caractérisation spatiale des bassins et de leurs réseaux hydrographiques, afin d’étudier les origines géomorphologiques des variations spatio-temporelles des réponses hydrologiques et en vue d’améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes responsables des épisodes de crue. Pour cela, ce travail s’articule autour de deux axes. Le premier consiste à caractériser, à partir de données spatiales, le drain « potentiel » représentant le réseau géomorphologique sec formé par la suite continue des lignes de thalweg des bassins. Un algorithme original utilisant une structure de MNT sous forme triangulaire (TIN) a été développé spécifiquement dans ce but, afin d’obtenir un tracé des réseaux fidèle à leur tracé réel et de fournir des éléments sur leur géomorphologie ainsi que sur celle des bassins. Le deuxième axe concerne l’étude de la dynamique drain en eau ou « réel ». Il s’agit d’améliorer la compréhension des dynamiques spatiales de mise en eau des drains à travers différents épisodes de crue. Dans ce cadre, un réseau spatialisé de capteurs légers a été distribué sur deux bassins expérimentaux (< 1Km²) situés sur le Gardon d’Anduze afin de suivre les variations spatio-temporelles des dynamiques hydrologiques au sein des réseaux en eau. La confrontation des caractéristiques géomorphologiques et des réponses hydrologiques observées a permis de confirmer la prédominance des écoulements sub-surfaciques sur les bassins étudiés, de mettre en évidence deux types de réseaux aux fonctionnements différenciés (le réseau principal et le réseau secondaire), l’importante influence des pentes et de leur changement sur l’initiation et la pérennité des écoulements au sein des réseaux, et de proposer des hypothèses de fonctionnements différenciés en fonction des épisodes
In Mediterranean areas, heavy rainfalls can generate flash floods during fall season. The rainfall intensities and their high spatial variability combined with complex processes of run-off generation reduce drastically the predictability of these phenomena. Although rainfall intensities monitoring techniques are progressing, another way to better understand and predict the hydrological responses of the catchments is to better understand the hydrological processes underlying the spatial and temporal variability of water pathways on upstream elementary catchments where concentrated flows begin. In the framework of spatial hydrology, this PhD proposes to study the potentialities of remote sensing, in particular the emergent high spatial resolution 3D products, to characterize catchments drainage elementary networks in order to relate some derivated geomorphologic traits to the observed hydrological responses all over catchments. This permits to identify the involved hydrological processes during flow dynamics on upstream mountainous catchments. This work is organized in two axes. The first one consists in characterizing, from 3D satellite data, the “potential” drain corresponding to the dry morphological network of a basin, formed by the continuum of thalweg lines within a catchment. An original algorithm, based on a TIN DEM structure, has been specifically designed for this purpose. This algorithm allows the delineation of thalwegs networks and provides geomorphological traits of catchments and networks. The second axe concern the study of the spatial dynamic of the “real” drain, which is the drain with effective flow. The goal is to enhance the understanding of flow networks spatial dynamics during rainfall events. A specific sensor network has been specially distributed on two experimental sub-catchments of the Gardon d’Anduze watershed in order to monitor the spatio-temporal variations of flow and network dynamics. The relationship between computed geomorphologic features and observed hydrological responses along networks tends to confirm the prevalence of sub-surface flows on the studied catchments. This exhibits two types of hydrographic networks, showing two distinct hydrological behaviors (the principal and secondary networks). Results also show the great influence of slopes and their variations on flow initiation and durability, and to propose hypothesis of hydrological mechanisms, in function of the observed events

Les vecteurs de type amplicon, dérivés du virus de l'herpès simplex de type I, constituent un outil de choix pour le transfert de gène. Ils permettent de véhiculer un ADN de très grande taille dans de nombreux types cellulaires sans que cet ADN s'intègre dans le génome cellulaire. Ces vecteurs sont des particules herpétiques défectives ayant pour génome un concatémère d'unités plasmidiques, dont les seules séquences virales sont les signaux en cis nécessaires à sa réplication et à son encapsidation. Les fonctions nécessaires en trans à leur production sont fournies par un virus ou génome auxiliaire. Il en résulte une population virale constituée de vecteurs amplicons et de virus auxiliaires. La présence d'un grand nombre de virus auxiliaires, même défectifs, rendait ces vecteurs difficilement utilisables en thérapie génique. Pour remédier à ce problème, nous avons construit un virus auxiliaire, HSV-1 LaL J, qui est défectif et dont les séquences en cis essentielles à son clivage-encapsidation, encadrées par deux sites loxP en orientation parallèle, sont spécifiquement délétées par la recombinase Cre. En parallèle, nous avons établi une lignée transcomplémentante permettant la production de ce virus, ainsi qu'une lignée cellulaire transcomplémentante exprimant la recombinase Cre, qui permet l'expression du virus HSV-1 LaL J, mais inhibe son encapsidation. Aussi, les protéines nécessaires à la production de vecteurs amplicons sont toujours synthétisées, mais le virus auxiliaire n'est plus produit. Nous avons alors utilisé le virus HSV-1 LaL J et ces nouvelles lignées cellulaires, pour produire des vecteurs amplicons. Nous avons, ainsi, montré que des titres élevés de vecteurs amplicons, dont le taux de contamination par un virus auxiliaire non pathogène est très faible, pouvaient être aisément obtenus. Les vecteurs ainsi produits sont non cytotoxiques pour les cellules infectées. Enfin, nous avons étudié, in vitro, l'expression de ces vecteurs.

L’approche géoarchéologique a pour objectif de discuter l’intérêt des archives sédimentaires des rammadiyat pour appréhender les dynamiques d’occupation des sols au Capsien et Néolithique. Les rammadiyat se présentent sous forme de monticules dont la stratigraphie est peu exprimée. Les fouilles récentes ont mis en évidence des sols d’occupation renouvelant les questionnements sur les modes d’occupation de ces populations capsiennes. L’approche géoarchéologique repose sur la micromorphologie des sols. Elle a été menée sur 5 sites capsiens de Tunisie et d’Algérie. Elle a permis de caractériser les modes de formation de ces rammadiyat. Les informations recueillies montrent que les rammadiyat relèvent principalement des processus liés aux activités humaines, qui ont interagi à des degrés variables avec les processus naturels. Elles ont permis de construire un modèle qualitatif de la dynamique de formation des rammadiyat, exprimé par une classification des faciès sédimentaires identifiés, selon les pratiques d’aménagement, selon les activités et selon le degré de fréquentation. Ce modèle met en évidence un premier schéma de l’organisation spatiale des sols d’occupation, matérialisant trois types espaces : un espace construit (bâtiment), un espace de cour segmenté avec des aires domestiques, voies de passage et zones de rejets et un espace peu fréquenté, en marge de l’occupation principale. L’enregistrement sédimentaire témoigne d’un mode d’occupation continu, localement rythmé par des variations dans le degré de fréquentation. Des épisodes d’abandon temporaire ou de très faible fréquentation sont ainsi observés. Cependant, leur généralisation à l’ensemble du site reste à préciser
The aim of the geoarchaeological approach is to discuss the interest of sedimentary archives of rammadiyat, in order to understand the dynamics of soil occupancy at the Capsian and Neolithic period. The rammadiyat present the shape of a small mound, whose stratigraphy is quite undifferentiated. Recent excavations show the presence of occupation surfaces, renewing the questions about the settlement strategies and of these capsian populations. The geoarchaeological approach is based on soil micromorphology .This research was conducted on 5 capsian sites in Tunisia and Algeria and allowed us to characterize the formation processes of these rammadiyat. The collected data show that rammadiyatis mainly formed by anthropic processes related to human activity interacting with natural processes on varying degrees. It’s then possible to construct a qualitative model relating to the formation dynamics of rammadiyat, expressed by a classification of the identified sedimentary facies, according to the building practices, the activities and the intensity of human occupation. This model highlights a first framework of the spatial organization of occupation surfaces, materializing three types of spaces: a built space (dwelling), a segmented yard space with domestic areas, passageways and dump areas, and a marginal area, showing a sporadic occupation. The sedimentary record shows a continuous occupancy, locally punctuated by variations in the intensity of human occupation. Episodes of temporary abandonment or very low occupation are observed. However, their generalization to the whole site remains to be clarified

La région cranio-faciale est particulièrement vulnérable aux pertes de structures. Sa localisation et sa visibilité font qu'une atteinte entraîne des troubles, aussi bien physiques (alimentation, phonation...) que psychologiques (intégrité de la personne...). Les traitements actuels (régénération osseuse guidée, autogreffe osseuse ou allogreffe) sont particulièrement invasifs et présentent un taux d'échec élevé. Tout cela affecte fortement la qualité de vie du patient. De plus, le coût direct de ces traitements est important pour les systèmes de santé et le patient. Il existe donc un réel besoin de développer des traitements innovants basés sur des approches biomimétiques d'ingénierie tissulaire pour la régénération/réparation osseuse. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer une approche d'ingénierie tissulaire pour la réparation/régénération de tissus osseux cranio-faciaux lésés. Il est basé sur l'utilisation de matrices cellularisées avec des cellules souches mésenchymateuses issues de la pulpe dentaire : les Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs). De nombreux travaux ont démontré la grande plasticité de ces cellules, qui dérivent initialement de la crête neurale, mais aussi leur rôle trophique dans la réparation de tissus lésés par leur capacité de différenciation ostéogénique et chondrocytaire. Par ailleurs, ces cellules présentent des propriétés pro-angiogéniques supérieures aux cellules mésenchymateuses de la moelle osseuse (MSCs) et l'accès à cette réserve est aisé puisqu'elles peuvent être obtenues à partir de dents extraites. Dans ce contexte, nous avons à ce jour utilisé des matrices denses de collagène contenant des cellules souches pulpaires pour régénérer un tissu osseux crânien après réalisation de défauts critiques. L'objectif est d'induire très précocement une néo-angiogenèse favorisant à court terme la survie des cellules implantées, puis de stimuler leur maintien à long terme au sein du néo-tissu implanté, pour enfin provoquer une ostéoformation. Nous avons, ainsi, pu étudier et valider différents aspects de cette thématique : .1 L'impact positif de l'utilisation de matrices denses de collagène comme support ostéoconducteur, .2 Le suivi à long terme des cellules après implantation in vivo .3 L'impact positif d'un pré-traitement à l'hypoxie sur i/ la survie des cellules après implantation in vivo ii/ la potentialisation de leur apport pour la régénération/réparation osseuse en orientant leur différenciation vers une voie ostéoblastique, .4 L'apport significatif des techniques d'imageries pour le suivi des animaux grâce à la tomographie par émission de positons (utilisation de traceurs spécifiques de la minéralisation au sein des matrices et de la néo-angiogenèse) et au microscanner à rayons X (suivi cinétique de la qualité et de la quantité de matrice osseuse régénérée), .5 La validation et la confirmation de l'ensemble de ces résultats par l'histologie. Ainsi, ces résultats nous ont permis de répondre à l'objectif de travail et de perfectionner certains aspects de la composante cellulaire. Toutefois, il reste nécessaire d'optimiser le biomatériau lui-même. Il est en effet envisageable d'améliorer les matrices de collagène compressées que nous utilisons actuellement, en y intégrant par exemple des céramiques bioactives. En perspective, potentialiser les biomatériaux des matrices et combiner les DPSCs avec un support plus adapté à leur survie et à leur croissance permettrait d'améliorer considérablement la cicatrisation osseuse. Ces dernières années, l'étude des cellules souches a progressé d'approche in vitro vers l'in vivo. Les modèles in vivo établis pour étudier ces cellules dans le domaine cranio-facial ont déjà apporté des renseignements et ce travail s'inscrit dans leur continuité en cherchant à concevoir des stratégies adaptées pour l'utilisation future des DPSCs en ingénierie tissulaire
The craniofacial area is particularly vulnerable to structural loss. Its location and visibility make a loss causes disorders, both physical (food, phonation...) than psychological (integrity of the person...). Current treatments (autografts, allografts or synthetic bone grafts) are particularly invasive and have a high failure rate. All this strongly affects the quality of life of the patient. In addition, the cost of these treatments is significant for the health systems and the patient. Therefore, there is a real need to develop innovative treatments based on biomimetic tissue approaches for bone repair. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a tissue engineering approach for the repair/regeneration of injured cranial-facial bone tissue. It is based on the use of cellularized scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells derived from the dental pulp: Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs). Many studies have demonstrated the high plasticity of these cells, which initially derive from the neural crest, but also their trophic ability in the repair of damaged tissues by their osteogenic and chondrocyte differentiation capacity. Moreover, these cells have better's pro-angiogenic properties than mesenchymal cells of the bone marrow (MSCs) and access to this reserve is easy since they can be obtained from extracted teeth. In this context, we have used dense collagen scaffolds seeded with DPSCs to regenerate cranial bone tissue on critical defects model. The objective is to induce a very early neo-angiogenesis for improved short-term survival of implanted cells, then stimulate the long-term maintenance of cells in the implanted neo-tissue, finally to cause osteoformation. We were able to study and validate various aspects of this theme: 1- The positive impact of the use of dense collagen scaffold as osteoconductive support, 2- Long-term follow-up of the cells after implantation in vivo (thanks to the use of a cell line constitutively expressing an intracellular fluorescence protein), 3- The positive impact of a pre-treatment with hypoxia on i/ the survival of the cells after implantation in vivo ii/ their contribution to bone regeneration / repair by orienting their differentiation towards an osteoblastic pathway, 4- The significant contribution of imaging techniques for the monitoring of animals (less sacrifice and longitudinal follow-up...) thanks to positron emission tomography (use of specific tracers of the mineralization within the scaffolds and neo-angiogenesis) and X-ray microscanner (kinetic monitoring of the quality and quantity of regenerated bone matrix) 5- Validation and confirmation of all these results by histology. Thus, these different results allowed us to respond to the working hypothesis and optimize some aspects of the cellular component. However, it remains necessary to optimize the biomaterial itself. It is indeed possible to improve the compressed collagen scaffolds that we currently use, for example by incorporating bioactive ceramics such as bioglasses or hydroxyapatite. In recent years, the study of stem cells has progressed from in vitro to in vivo. The in vivo models established to study these cells in the craniofacial area have already provided valuable information and this work is a continuation of these previous studies by seeking to build on better strategies (right characterization, environment oriented...) for the future use of DPSCs for tissue engineering purposes. In view of this work, potentiating the biomaterials of the scaffolds and combining the DPSCs with a support more adapted to their survival and their growth would considerably improve bone healing, as well as bone regeneration / repair

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A ‘phishing email’ is an attempt to solicit personal or sensitive information from an unsuspecting user. Phishing emails currently represent a major threat to cybersecurity, and as such, researchers have begun to recognise the importance of identifying various individual differences that might predict phishing email susceptibility. The current study aimed to further understand individual differences and examine the relationship between an individual’s capacity for cue utilisation and levels of state/trait anxiety with phishing email susceptibility. Thirty-two participants completed a lab-based study where they were presented with a series of emails (phishing and genuine) and rated the extent to which they felt it was ‘okay’ to click on a link embedded within the email. Participants were then classified into typologies of cue utilisation and state/trait anxiety. While it was hypothesised that those categorised as having higher cue utilisation would be better able to discriminate between phishing and genuine emails, analyses did not support this prediction. However, it was found that those categorised as having higher levels of trait anxiety were less able to discriminate between phishing and genuine emails compared to their less anxious counterparts. The theoretical findings of the present study could help inform phishing education, training and awareness programs.
Thesis (B.PsychSc(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2019

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Driver distraction is a significant road safety concern, especially with the increasing prevalence of mobile phone engagement while driving. Various individual differences may predict the extent to which individuals’ are effected distraction. Cue utilisation, which is the capacity to extract and apply task relevant cues to make cognitive judgements about a situation, is one individual difference that has not been considered in this context. This study assesses the relationship between cue utilisation and the ability to manage distraction within a simulated driving context. Thirty-five qualified drivers completed an online assessment of cue utilisation within a driving context, and a simulated driving task involving two scenarios. During the ‘no distraction’ scenario, participants navigated an urban area complying with Australian road rules. During the ‘distraction’ scenario, participants drove a comparable route and in addition, read and verbally responded to a series of text messages. For each scenario, driving performance and perceived cognitive workload was measured. Results demonstrated that greater cue utilisation capacity was not associated with superior driving performance, but was associated with a higher perceived cognitive workload in the absence of a distraction. The outcomes of this study contribute to knowledge of driver distraction and its relationship with cue utilisation.
Thesis (B.PsychSc(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2019

This item is only available electronically.
Phishing attacks rely on human error to successfully scam individuals. To avoid being scammed, individuals must identify features of an email which indicate that the email is not genuine. These features include spelling and grammatical mistakes, suspicious URL links, and unrecognisable sender addresses. Through repeated exposure, relationships between these features are developed and stored in long-term memory as cues. Cue utilisation is the individual difference in the capacity to identify and apply cues. Additionally, time constraints and decision-making preferences (rational vs intuitive) may impact phishing email detection. The current study investigates the role of individual differences in phishing susceptibility by examining the relationships between phishing detection and cue utilisation, time pressure, and decision-making preferences. Undergraduate psychology students (N = 200) were tested on their ability to detect phishing emails. Participants were randomly assigned to either a short (7-second) or long (15-second) time condition and were presented with 60 emails (50 genuine and 10 phishing). After each email was presented, participants sorted the email into one of ten categories. They were then asked about how safe they thought it would be to click on the link. Participants also completed an email version of the decision-making preference scale and a software to measure cue utilisation in the domain of phishing emails. Results revealed higher cue utilisation, a preference for rational decision-making, and lower time pressure all predicted greater detection of phishing emails. Outcomes of this study may help organisations with the development of cybersecurity training that aims to reduce phishing susceptibility.
Thesis (B.PsychSc(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2021

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Phishing emails are emails which attempt to solicit sensitive information from unsuspecting users. Phishing represents a major threat to information security. To develop interventions aimed at reducing phishing susceptibility, an understanding of how emails are evaluated to determine their legitimacy, and individual differences that may predict phishing email susceptibility is required. The current study aims to examine the relationship between phishing susceptibility and time pressure, along with individual differences in cue utilisation and information security awareness (ISA). In an online study, 127 participants were randomly assigned to either a 7-second or 15-second time condition and were presented with 60 emails (40 genuine and 20 phishing). Emails were presented one at a time for the duration corresponding with each participant’s time condition. Participants were required to sort each email into one of ten categories. The ‘phishing’ category was considered a hit when chosen following a phishing email, and a false alarm when following a genuine email. Participants also completed an assessment of cue utilisation in the domain of phishing, and the Human Aspects of Information Security Questionnaire (HAIS-Q). Statistical analyses revealed that a higher level of cue utilisation, a shorter email exposure duration and higher ISA resulted in reduced ability to differentiate between phishing and genuine emails. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between cue utilisation and ISA, however, there was no interaction between time pressure and cue utilisation on phishing susceptibility. This study’s outcomes may aid in the development of training and education programs aimed at reducing phishing susceptibility.
Thesis (B.PsychSc(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2020

This study used a sample (N = 68) of regular coffee drinkers to investigate how cravings may influence JOLs when completing a cue-only word pair task. Two groups: a craving and a control group were randomly allocated where cravers had to avoid consuming coffee before testing. Both groups completed a word pair encoding task followed by completing either a craving induction task if they had abstained from coffee or a control task if they had not. Both groups then made cue-only JOLs and a subsequent retrieval attempt on the target. Craving strength was measured at the end of the experiment. Results indicated that JOLs for cravers were less realistic which may have been due to the presence of cravings.

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The ability to extract, utilise and apply environmental cues is a key component of expert performance. In addition to the capacity for cue utilisation, prospective memory (remembering to do something in the future) is also a critical skill for operators working within these dynamic and multi-tasked environments. Due to the nature of the environment, state anxiety (transient anxiety occurring during a stressful environment) would also impact task performance. In the present study, 30 participants undertook an assessment of cue cutisation and state anxiety, along with prospective memory tasks and a rail control simulation. The appearance of trains in the simulation followed a consistent but undisclosed pattern. The findings from this study suggested that there was no relationship between cue utilisation and state anxiety on task and prospective memory performance. However, the study was hampered by a small sample size. Implications for selection and training were discussed.
Thesis (M.Psych(Organisational & Human Factors)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2019

This research was undertaken to examine how online deal popularity influences consumer reactions and the conditions under which the effects take place using scenario - based experiments. Three studies were conducted and reported in this thesis. Study I tests a model that is underpinned by cue utilisation theory that reactions to online deal popularity may be mediated by service quality expectation and the effect will vary across service types, namely, experience and credence services. The findings support the theorised model in demonstrating that consumers who face high online deal popularity tend to have high service quality expectation, which in turn, increases their willingness to recommend and their intention to purchase a service in a deal. Furthermore, Study I provides evidence that the effect of deal popularity on service quality expectation is significant for credence services and not significant for experience services. Study II extends Study I by examining cue congruency effect and consumers’ perceived information authenticity as the boundary conditions that may modify the effect. Results support the moderating effect of cue congruency and perceived information authenticity. That is, when consumers face the congruent cue combination (i.e., high online deal popularity paired with a high star rating) and when they have high perceived authenticity about the online deal popularity, they have high service quality expectation, which in turn increases their intention to purchase the service deal. In addition, while congruent cues indeed amplify the effect of online deal popularity, high deal popularity can influence service quality expectation even when incongruently paired with another cue (i.e., a low star rating). This suggests the dominant role of online deal popularity under incongruent cue combinations. Using an observational learning perspective, Study III examines consumers’ risk perceptions toward online deal popularity by considering the purchase uncertainty in online shopping for service deals. In addition, Study III compares the effect between two countries, Australia and Taiwan, using Hofstede’s cultural value dimension scores and Hall’s cultural context as the proxies of cultural differences. Results suggest that perceived performance risk and psychological risk mediate the effect of online deal popularity on purchase intention in both countries. With the significant mediating effect of perceived risks, the direction of the influence for Australian consumers is opposite to that for Taiwanese consumers. Australian consumers were found to perceive high performance and psychological risk when facing high online deal popularity, which subsequently reduces their intentions to purchase a service in a deal. By contrast, Taiwanese consumers were found to have low performance and psychological risk when facing high online deal popularity which increased their purchase intention. The three studies that comprise this thesis enhance current understanding of the effects of online deal popularity and the mechanism and boundary conditions through which it operates. Thus it contributes to cue utilisation and observational learning theory in service marketing and the broader consumer behaviour literature. Practical implications have been provided for e-retailers to leverage on online deal popularity as a marketing signal to influence consumers’ service quality expectations and risk perceptions by considering service types, national cultures, perceived information authenticity, and cue congruency for service deal promotions.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, Business School, 2017.

A quantitative, descriptive, explorative survey was conducted to explore and describe factors contributing to underutilisation of HIV testing services among tuberculosis patients and clients in Malawi. Sampled were 282 participants attending an outpatient clinic. A self administered questionnaire was used. The findings revealed that 80.5% of the respondents perceived themselves susceptible to HIV infection, 55% believed there were negative consequences of HIV Testing and Counselling (HTC), 87.6% perceived HTC had benefits, most of the respondents (76.8%) mentioned the benefit of knowing the HIV status helping one to plan life, 65% believed in themselves, that they could accept and undergo HIV testing with ease. The study recommends that all HTC providers be thoroughly trained in knowledge and skills to offer services with confidentiality and avoid stigma and discrimination of those found HIV positive. The importance and benefits of HTC should be emphasised in all behaviour communication messages
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)

Cervical cancer remains the main source of mortality among women around the world. It is a burden in developing countries and generally recognized through the complications of the advanced stages. The aim of this study was to investigate the utilisation of cervical cancer screening services among women living with HIV in Hawassa in order to develop a strategy to enhance cervical cancer screening service utilisation among this population in Ethiopia. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design was used in this study. The data were collected using a standard structured questionnaire from 309 women living with HIV attending health care facilities in Hawassa city Administration. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 software was used to analyse data. The results are presented based on the Health belief Model’s construct. The result revealed a low utilisation of cervical cancer screening services. Knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening service were also low. The main reason for being not screened was feeling healthy, lack of awareness, and embarrassment. Knowledge of cervical cancer was affected by factors such as knowing someone with cervical cancer, educational status, and monthly income. The finding indicated that utilisation of screenings could be determined by composite knowledge, perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, duration on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment and willingness to be screened. The findings of this study, findings from the literature review and relevant legislation guided the researcher to develop a strategy to enhance cervical cancer screening service utilisation among women living with HIV Ethiopia. Relevant recommendations were put forward to promote utilisation of strategy and also for future research. The utilisation of the developed strategy may improve the uptake of screening for cervical cancer, improve early diagnosis and treatment of cervical malignant growth, and decrease mortality among women living with HIV in Hawassa city organization.
Health Studies
Ph. D. (Public Health)