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Academic literature on the topic 'Cue competition'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cue competition"

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Packheiser, Julian, Roland Pusch, Clara C. Stein, Onur Güntürkün, Harald Lachnit, and Metin Uengoer. "How competitive is cue competition?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819866967.

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Cue competition refers to phenomena indicating that learning about the relationship between a cue and an outcome is influenced by learning about the predictive significance of other cues that are concurrently present. In two autoshaping experiments with pigeons, we investigated the strength of competition among cues for predictive value. In each experiment, animals received an overexpectation training (A+, D+ followed by AD+). In addition, the training schedule of each experiment comprised two control conditions—one condition to evaluate the presence of overexpectation (B+ followed by BY+) and a second one to assess the strength of competition among cues (C+ followed by CZ−). Training trials were followed by a test with individual stimuli (A, B, C). Experiment 1 revealed no evidence for cue competition as responding during the test mirrored the individual cue–outcome contingencies. The test results from Experiment 2, which included an outcome additivity training, showed cue competition in form of an overexpectation effect as responding was weaker for Stimulus A than Stimulus B. However, the test results from Experiment 2 also revealed that responding to Stimulus A was stronger than to Stimulus C, which indicates that competition among cues was not as strong as predicted by some influential theories of associative learning.
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Richards, Amy M., and E. Evan Krauter. "Cue Competition in Prospective Memory." Psychological Reports 85, no. 3 (December 1999): 1011–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.3.1011.

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Prospective memory refers to remembering to perform a previously planned activity. Two experiments were conducted to see if effects of cue competition similar to blocking and overshadowing occur in prospective memory. Participants were led to believe that the experiments were about the relationship between memory and creativity. To test prospective memory, participants were instructed to mark cue words that would appear later in a task requiring the generation of sentences. In Exp. 1 ( N = 119) one group was told to place an “x” over the cue word “rake”; a second was told to mark two words of equal salience (“method” and “rake”); and a third group was told to mark two cue words of unequal salience (the highly salient word “monad” and “rake”). “Rake” was the only cue word that actually appeared in the task involving generation of sentences. Participants instructed to place an “x” over one cue marked the target cue “rake” more frequently than if told to mark two cues (an overshadowing-like effect). The frequency of marking “rake” was lowest on the first test trial if participants had been instructed to mark both “rake” and “monad.” In Exp. 2 (N = 43) a blocking group was trained to mark one cue word (“rake”) and a control group received no training. Two days later, all participants were instructed to mark two cues (“rake” and “method”) during a task involving the generation of sentences. Prior training interfered with performance to a new cue (“method”) given in combination with the pretrained cue (“rake,” a blocking-like effect). These experiments demonstrate the existence of cue competition in prospective memory and suggest the possibility of applying theories of elementary associative learning to the study of prospective memory.
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Byrom, Nicola C., and Robin A. Murphy. "Cue competition influences biconditional discrimination." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1363256.

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When multiple cues are presented in compound and trained to predict an outcome, the cues may compete for association with an outcome. However, if both cues are necessary for solution of the discrimination, then competition might be expected to interfere with the solution of the discrimination. We consider how unequal stimulus salience influences learning in configural discriminations, where no individual stimulus predicts the outcome. We compared two hypotheses: (1) salience modulation minimises the initial imbalance in salience and (2) unequal stimulus salience will impair acquisition of configural discriminations. We assessed the effect of varying stimulus salience in a biconditional discrimination (AX+, AY−, BX−, BY+). Across two experiments, we found stronger discrimination when stimuli had matched, rather than mismatched, salience, supporting our second hypothesis. We discuss the implications of this finding for Mackintosh’s model of selective attention, modified elemental models and configural models of learning.
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RICHARDS, AMY M. "CUE COMPETITION IN PROSPECTIVE MEMORY." Psychological Reports 85, no. 7 (1999): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.85.7.1011-1024.

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Miller, Ralph R., and Helena Matute. "Competition Between Outcomes." Psychological Science 9, no. 2 (March 1998): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00028.

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In both Pavlovian conditioning and human causal judgment, competition between cues is well known to occur when multiple cues are presented in compound and followed by an outcome. More questionable is the occurrence of competition between outcomes when a single cue is followed by multiple outcomes presented in compound. In the experiment reported here, we demonstrated blocking (a type of stimulus competition) between outcomes. When the cue predicted one outcome, its ability to predict a second outcome that was presented in compound with the first outcome was reduced. The procedure minimized the likelihood that the observed competition between outcomes arose from selective attention. The competition between outcomes that we observed is problematic for contemporary theories of learning.
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Denniston, James C., Hernan I. Savastano, Aaron P. Blaisdell, and Ralph R. Miller. "Cue competition as a retrieval deficit." Learning and Motivation 34, no. 1 (February 2003): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0023-9690(02)00505-2.

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Prados, Jose, Beatriz Alvarez, Joanna Howarth, Katharine Stewart, Claire L. Gibson, Claire V. Hutchinson, Andrew M. J. Young, and Colin Davidson. "Cue competition effects in the planarian." Animal Cognition 16, no. 2 (September 14, 2012): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-012-0561-3.

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Busemeyer, Jerome R., In Jae Myung, and Mark A. McDaniel. "Cue Competition Effects: Empirical Tests of Adaptive Network Learning Models." Psychological Science 4, no. 3 (May 1993): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00486.x.

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The ability to predict future consequences on the basis of previous experience with the current set of environmental cues is one of the most fundamental of all cognitive processes. This study investigated how the validity of one cue influences the effectiveness of another cue for predicting a criterion. The results demonstrate a cue competition effect—increasing the validity of one cue decreased the effectiveness of another cue in a linear prediction task, even though the two cues were statistically independent.
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Lau, Jonas Sin-Heng, Michael B. Casale, and Harold Pashler. "Mitigating cue competition effects in human category learning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 7 (April 28, 2020): 983–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820915151.

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When people learn perceptual categories, if one feature makes it easy to determine the category membership, learning about other features can be reduced. In three experiments, we asked whether this cue competition effect could be fully eradicated with simple instructions. For this purpose, in a pilot experiment, we adapted a classical overshadowing paradigm into a human category learning task. Unlike previous reports, we demonstrate a robust cue competition effect with human learners. In Experiments 1 and 2, we created a new warning condition that aimed at eradicating the cue competition effect through top-down instructions. With a medium-size overshadowing effect, Experiment 1 shows a weak mitigation of the overshadowing effect. We replaced the stimuli in Experiment 2 to obtain a larger overshadowing effect and showed a larger warning effect. Nevertheless, the overshadowing effect could not be fully eradicated. These experiments suggest that cue competition effects can be a stubborn roadblock in human category learning. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Clipperton-Allen, Amy, Mark Cole, Margaux Peck, and Julie Quirt. "Pattern Cue and Visual Cue Competition in a Foraging Task by Rats." Learning & Behavior 44, no. 4 (June 23, 2016): 378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-016-0231-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cue competition"

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Ramos, Esber Guillermo Octavio. "Mechanisms responsible for cue-competition effects." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54632/.

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The mechanisms responsible for cue competition were investigated. In Chapter 1, an overview of the literature that led to and originated from the discovery of cue competition effects (Kamin, 1969 Wagner, Logan, Haberlandt & Price, 1968) attested the diversity of theoretical accounts available to explain these phenomena. The subsequent empirical chapters focused on the predictions made by two rather distinct classes of theory: the Comparator Hypothesis (Miller & Matzel, 1988 Denniston, Savastano & Miller, 2001) and the attentional theory of Mackintosh (1975). Throughout the thesis, their predictions were contrasted to those derived from Standard Associative Theory e.g. Rescorla- Wagner(1972) model . The experiments contained in Chapters 2 and 3 used a Pavlovian appetitive procedure with rats to examine a number of predictions made by the Comparator Hypothesis. In Chapter 2, Experiment 1 tested the prediction that a conditioned inhibitor should have no influence on the excitatory status of the CS in which presence it is trained. Experiment 2 examined whether single-phase blocking disappears with asymptotic training. Further analysis of the Comparator Hypothesis was provided in the two experiments contained in Chapter 3. Experiments 3 and 4 assessed the prediction that adding a stimulus to a continuously trained CS should deteriorate conditioned responding to the latter. The experiments in Chapters 4 and 5, which used an autoshaping procedure in pigeons, were concerned with the attentional theory of Mackintosh (1975). In Chapter 4, Experiments 5 and 6 tested a novel behavioural technique intended to measure associability changes. Evidence of associability changes was found when visual patterns, but not colours, were compared. Experiment 7 explored the locus central or peripheral of the mechanism responsible for these changes. Drawing from the results in Chapter 4, Experiment 8 (Chapter 5) examined whether associability changes can provide a complete account of the relative validity effect in pigeons. Overall, the results challenge the accounts of cue competition advanced by both the Comparator Hypothesis (Miller & Matzel, 1988, Denniston et al., 2001) and the attentional theory of Mackintosh (1975). Without necessarily validating it, the results are mostly compatible with the analysis provided by the Rescorla-Wagner (1972) model.
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Alexander, Tim. "Cue competition between shapes in human spatial learning." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2175.

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In many species, including humans the basic ability to move to a goal is essential to survival. Central to understanding how this ability operates in the cognitive systems of humans and other animals is whether learning about spatial relationships follows the same principles as learning about other kinds of contingent relationships between events. In non-spatial contingent relationships, learning about one stimulus can influence learning about other stimuli. For example, in blocking, learning that cue-A predicts an outcome can reduce learning about a subsequently added cue-B that is paired with cue-A when both cues predict the same outcome (Kamin, 1969). To the extent that spatial learning operates according to similar principles to other forms of contingency learning, spatial cues that can be used to locate a goal should also compete with each other. Failure to find blocking between spatial cues that can be used to locate a goal would be consistent with an alternative account of how spatial knowledge is acquired and used: one that assumes a quite different learning mechanism. For example, the hypothesis of locale learning assumes that a cognitive map of the environmental layout is automatically updated when cues are added or removed from the environment (O'Keefe and Nadel, 1978). Automatic updating implies that added or removed cues will be processed irrespective of what is learned about other cues, rather than competing with or otherwise interacting with those other cues. A second, related, hypothesis is that the geometric properties of the environment are processed in an independent module that is impervious to cue competition from non-geometric features (Cheng, 1986; Gallistel, 1990). This hypothesis implies that geometric cues within the module are also immune to competition from each other. In the current experiments, evidence for blocking of goal location learning was investigated in virtual environments (VEs) in which the presence or absence of large-scale structures can be manipulated. Experiment 1 found that an irregular-shaped flat-walled enclosure blocked learning about a landmark subsequently placed within its boundaries, providing preliminary evidence that shape may not be processed in a specialised module. However, many participants appeared not to be using shape to locate the goal. In the remaining experiments, spatial cues were large-scale 2D shapes presented on the ground which ensured that participants perceived overall shape. Experiments 2 and 3 found no evidence of blocking between shapes when these stimuli were presented in the context of minimal "auxiliary" cues. When additional auxiliary stimuli were presented throughout learning in Experiment 4, a direction consistent with blocking was found, but the effect was not statistically significant. In Experiments 5 and 6 a clear blocking effect was found under circumstances that suggested that the critical variable to finding blocking was the number of irrelevant shapes present either during training or at test. Experiment 7 confirmed that, rather than the test conditions, the presence or absence of stimuli during one or both training phases was the crucial variable in promoting blocking. Experiment 8 investigated the hypothesis that an initial process of learning to ignore irrelevant shapes in phase 1 is a requirement for blocking of learning. In the absence of auxiliary cues in phase 1, blocking was not found. The implications of these outcomes are discussed in relation to the hypothesis of specialised geometric processing, changes in attention, and the conditions of discrimination learning.
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Spoor, Willemijn Magda Elly Maria. "Stimulus property effects on cue competition and temporal estimates during causal learning." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1900.

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Learning and timing models have developed along different trajectories within psychology; however, more recent theorising has speculated that both of these phenomena might be modelled within a single theoretical model. While such an approach has merit, the majority of studies into how learning and timing interact have employed nonhuman subjects. Consequently, little is known about how these core psychological processes might interact in humans; this body of experiments was, conducted in order to investigate this issue. Experiments were run to test the hypothesis that cue competition attenuates the ability of participants to estimate a stimulus’ temporal parameters. By studying whether temporal estimates differed between cues in conditions in which blocking and overshadowing was predicted to be weaker or stronger, it could be determined whether time and association were encoded together. In a series of causal learning experiments participants were trained with a cue competition paradigm. On test both cue competition and temporal estimates were examined. The results showed that participant instructions influenced cue competition and that cue properties could influence blocking and overshadowing in specific cases. Temporal estimates made by participants were influenced by cue properties: less accurate estimates of target cue duration were made in several experiments, and temporal estimates between groups varied when blocking and overshadowing were constant. Existing associative learning theories could predict blocking and overshadowing, but could not predict the temporal results. Timing models, for example, the SET model, failed to predict temporal results. To conclude, the results suggest that timing is not encoded as part of the association.
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Manrique, Katherine. "Cue Competition During Phonotactic Processing in Bilingual Adults as Measured by Eye-Tracking." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7335.

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It is well documented in the literature that bilingual speakers simultaneously activate both languages during spoken language processing (e.g., Marian & Spivey, 2003). However, parallel activation can lead to competition between the two languages (e.g., Blumenfield & Marian, 2013; Freeman, Shook, & Marian, 2016). The Unified Competition model (UCM) provides a theory as to how bilingual speakers navigate through two languages while different linguistic cues are competing (MacWhinney, 2005). The UCM proposes that cues are used to process language, based on cue validity (the product of how reliable and available a cue is), which is determined by cue strength (a measure based on conflict reliability; how reliable a cue is when it directly conflicts with others). Two likely cues bilingual speakers use while processing a novel spoken word are linguistic environment (the language being spoken around them) and phonotactic probability (the probability of the sounds making up a novel word). Applying the theory of the UCM this study sets to answer the following general question: How do Spanish/English bilingual adults assign language membership to nonwords when linguistic environment and phonotactic cues are competing? The current study consisted of twenty-two Spanish/English adults who listened to 96 nonwords that corresponded to three different groups based on phonotactic probability: Language Exclusive (the phonotactics of the nonwords designated them as either Spanish only or English only), High-Low (the nonwords had high phonotactic probability in one language and low probability in the other), and Ambiguous (the nonowords had similar phonotactic probability in both languages). The participants were tested in one of two linguistic environments (primarily English with some Spanish code-switching or primarily Spanish with some English code-switching) and partook in a two-alternative forced choice listening test (participants determined if each nonword was either Spanish or English). The language membership decision was measured via verbal response and eye-tracking using EyeLink 1000 Plus measuring eye gaze, number of fixations and switches. In general, results indicated that Spanish/English bilingual adults relied only on phonotactic probability when making language membership decisions, but not as strongly as may be suggested by the UCM. The results of this study suggest that environmental cues are not strong enough to impact spoken language processing in Spanish/English bilingual adults and that phonotactic probability is likely a more easily accessible (and therefore more commonly used) cue.
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Houska, Jeremy Ashton. "Front-runners and newcomers: The dynamics of momentum in electoral politics as explained by cue competition." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2898.

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Conditioning theory and research have contributed substantially to a more complete understanding of a variety of social processes including attitude formation, consumer behavior, and interpersonal attraction. The goal of this thesis was to illuminate further another frequently investigated social process, voting behavior.
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Tian, Li. "NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE FUNCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOLDIER CASTE IN TERMITES." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/24.

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The evolution of nonreproductive castes is a defining characteristic of eusociality. The function and developmental regulation of the altruistic worker and soldier caste is the central element contributing to major advantages of eusociality over solitary animals. The soldier caste is the first evolved sterile caste in termites. Their primary function is believed to be colony defense. However, the function and development of termite soldiers remains largely unknown. Because of their apparent morphological adaptation for fighting and their limited behavior repertoire, our understanding of colony defense by termite soldiers is limited to their physical defense. In addition, we know little about the molecular mechanisms mediating soldier development. In Chapters 2 and 3 I discuss the role of the soldier caste under competition risk. By exposing the Eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes to cues of a competitor termite species, I found that exposure to competitor cues reduced feeding, compromised growth and survival of R. flavipes workers. The presence of R. flavipes soldiers largely ameliorated these negative impacts. At the transcriptional level, R. flavipes soldiers can counteract the effects of competitor cues on worker head gene expression. This counteracting effect seems to be associated with genes in metabolism and immunity. These studies demonstrate that competition can affect a termite colony’s fitness by either competitors physically invading the colony and causing damage or cues from competitors inducing a stress response in termite colony members. More importantly, soldiers can contribute to colony fitness by physically engaging in combat, but also by enhancing colony members’ survival under competitor-cue exposure. In Chapter 4, I describe the molecular mechanism mediating soldier-caste differentiation. I cloned the full length cDNA sequence of the R. flavipes Methoprene-tolerance (Met) gene, a gene encoding a putative receptor for juvenile hormones. Using RNA interference, I studied the function of Met and found that this gene essentially mediates the JH-dependent soldier-caste differentiation in termites.
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Krystallis, Krontalis Athanassios. "Perceived food quality and healthiness : integrating means-end chain and conjoint analysis, with emphasis on olive oil extrinsic cues." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1578.

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Today's consumer attitude and behaviour are increasingly driven by quality, safety and health consciousnessF. rom the producer viewpoint, quality control has evolved from an efficiency challenge to a tremendous opportunity by building competitive advantages through pursuing relationships based on an integrated chain approach with quality guarantees. To succeed in today's competitive agri-food marketplace, two options are available: organise production more efficiently and work more consumeroriented in order to meet consumer requirements. During recent years, several concepts like Organic and PDO/PGI labels, and the ISO and HACCP schemes, embodied into the wider Supply Chain Management, or Total Quality Management initiatives, have been introduced. All these concepts share the objectives of adding value to the entire chain, of releasing competitive advantages and a better performance of the chain through increasedr esponsivenessto consumern eeds,w ants and demands. The research at hand addresses questions related to collecting valuable information at consumer level, since this is the prerequisite for the practical application of the aforementioned concepts by industries such as the olive oil industry. The work focuses on assessing both the quality perception of olive oil and the attitude of consumers to olive oil quality assurance schemes. The central theme of the study is the domestic consumer as an alternative source of profit and competitiveness for the high quality olive oil firms. This is be achieved through the identification of a quality and healthconscious urban segment and the explanation of its purchasing motives and behaviour by relating quality olive oil attributes to its personal values. Instead of following a "positivistic" way of clearly presenting the research hypotheses, a description of the wider environment surrounding the quality-conscious consumer internationally is chosen. In this mostly "phenomenological" way, ideas about the quality consumer are implied through induction from data. The methodological nature of the study is two-dimensional. The horizontal "conjoint analysis" dimension is used to quantitatively prove the findings of the vertical "laddering method" qualitative dimension, which develops quality consumers' psychographic profile and predicts purchase behaviour.
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Kirshberger, James Henry. "The Response of the Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon Cinereus) to Temperature and Chemical Cues From a Predator and a Competitor." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1185928307.

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Le, Hoang Cuong. "An assessment of the economywide effects on Vietnam's ongoing microeconomic reform." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2483.

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Vietnam implemented the Doi Moi (or Renovation) policy in 1986. This policy involved the introduction of many structural reforms in an attempt to move Vietnam towards a market economy. As part of Doi Moi, Vietnam’s two ongoing microeconomic reform programs aimed at domestic enterprises are of particular significance, including state-owned enterprise (SOE) reforms and the private sector development (PSD) policy. This thesis develops a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of Vietnam (referred to as VNGEM) with twenty four industries, six labour groups based on educational qualifications and one representative household, which aims to assess the likely effects of these reform programs on Vietnam’s national economic outcomes and industries.These reform programs are found to be pro-growth as reflected in their contribution to increasing aggregate output in both short and long run. This output increase is largely the result of export expansion and local market expansion due to relatively lower domestic price levels. Hence, Vietnam experiences an expansion in aggregate employment and a trade surplus in the short run. Likewise, these reform programs generate positive welfare effects on household consumption in the long run as real wages and labour incomes rise. In terms of industry winners and losers, the most favourably affected industries in the short run include steel, electrical, and textile, clothing and footwear (TCF), while the least favourably affected industries include construction and public administration. These least favourably affected industries are either non-traded or inward-oriented. Hence, they do not benefit much from trade expansion.Similarly, the most favourably affected industries in the long run include electrical, steel and other manufacturing, while the least favourably affected industries include rice and paddy, and oil, gas and petroleum (OGP). These industries are least favourably affected because of rising labour cost and an increasing land rental rate, which significantly hamper their economic activities.The findings in this thesis suggest that promoting the private sector and, at the same time, reducing or removing the preferential treatment by the government of the SOE sector can solve Vietnam’s employment problem. Export-oriented industries such as the TCF industry are well positioned to absorb Vietnam’s labour force. To reduce trade deficits, domestic import-substituting producers need to improve their product quality and prices that are comparable to foreign goods in the medium and long term. Besides providing vocational training for workers, the government need to improve domestic human capital through education, and research and development(R&D) in order to acquire a sufficient number of high-skilled personnel to work with new technologies, machinery and equipment. Finally, to achieve greater reform outcomes, SOE reforms should be extended to include medium to large SOEs across all industries.Some areas of improvement include: (i) managing and utilising the compensation funds more wisely; (ii) unleashing the private sector and encouraging its participation in the equitisation process; (iii) improving the fairness and transparency of the equitisation process; (iv) improving the asset valuation method and strictly governing activities related to management buyouts and bankruptcy; (v) establishing a new structure of corporate governance to provide checks and balances in an enterprise; and (vi) reducing the government’s political influence on SOEs and equitised SOEs.
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Fontes, Vinícius Costa. "Um estudo sobre os sentidos e significados de técnicos de Educação Física de um Centro Educacional Unificado sobre a competição esportiva escolar." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16090.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinicius Costa Fontes.pdf: 1528506 bytes, checksum: 37f9244cf51f436500c33fee3938163f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-23
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This study has the objective of analyzing the significations constituted by the Physical Education Coaches of a Centro Educacional Unificado (CEU), about the scholar competitive sports. The competitive scholar sports is considered, as much to the interviewed as to the literature, a potential didactical resource, making it necessary to comprehend use of this resource by the public politics and the coaches, considering the cultural mediators of the school, the sport, the community and the professional itself. The present research has the proposition of analyzing the senses and meanings constituted by the coaches about the competitive sports in school, considering that they are the ones that coordinate and insert the activities and training for the competitive sports in the school institution. Through the study of the meanings of the Coaches about competitive sports in school, we believe it is possible to know aspects of the competitive sports activities in school which enables a better comprehension of the professional in the educational field, the competition, the sport and its educational proposal in school. The scholar institution that this research was realized has pedagogical purposes for the competitive sports and educational programs and physical installations required for its execution. In the first moment, it was send to all the Coaches of the Centro Educacional Unificado a survey questionnaire made eight open questions, divided in three parts: the first one about their formation and professional activities, the second one about competitive sports in school and the third one with a blank space for free writing of the coach about the theme (competition, sports, education and school). After gathering the data, interviews were made with three coaches for the enrichment and deepening of the data brought up in the surveys. This research, based on the Social-Historical Psychology, used the procedure of the Meaning Core as described by Aguiar and Ozella (2006) for the analysis of the data obtained. It was concluded that the competitive sport in school must be directed according to the pedagogical planning for the sports activity. The competitive sport in school also presents risks in case it doesn t have a leadership concerned with the plain development of the students, being necessary to consider that the scholar competitive sports is mediated by a many elements that composes the totality of the theme, like the perception of the school administrators about the educational possibilities of the sport; the pedagogical planning adopted by the coach/trainer responsible for the activity; the story of the sport in the scholar institution and its insertion in the Brazilian history; the professional formations enabled and the influence of the media in the meaning of the sports for the population, making it essential the critical perception of the competitive sports in school and the possibility of continuous formation for the professionals responsible for these activities
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as significações constituídas pelos Técnicos de Educação Física de um Centro Educacional Unificado (CEU), sobre o esporte competitivo escolar. A competição desportiva escolar é considerada, tanto pelos entrevistados quanto pela literatura, um recurso potencialmente didático, sendo necessário compreender a utilização e o direcionamento das políticas públicas e dos técnicos deste recurso, considerando os mediadores socioculturais da escola, do esporte, da comunidade e do próprio profissional. A presente pesquisa tem a proposta de analisar os sentidos e significados constituídos pelos técnicos sobre o esporte competitivo escolar, visto que são eles que coordenam e inserem as atividades e treinamento para as competições esportivas na instituição escolar. Por meio do estudo das significações destes profissionais, acreditamos ser possível conhecer aspectos da atividade esportiva competitiva escolar que possibilitem uma melhor compreensão do profissional da educação, da competição, do esporte e sua proposta educacional escolar. A instituição escolar pública em que está sendo realizada a pesquisa possui propostas pedagógicas para a competição esportiva além de dispositivos e instalações adequadas para sua execução. Num primeiro momento, foi enviado a todos os Técnicos de Educação Física do Centro Educacional Unificado um questionário elaborado com perguntas abertas, dividido em três partes: a primeira sobre a formação e atividade profissional dos entrevistados, a segunda sobre a competição esportiva escolar e a terceira com um espaço de preenchimento livre do técnico sobre o tema competição, esporte, educação e escola. Após o recolhimento dos dados foram efetuadas entrevistas com três desses técnicos para o enriquecimento e a aprofundamento das questões levantadas na literatura e nos questionários. O trabalho, baseado na Psicologia Sócio-Histórica, utilizou o procedimento dos Núcleos de Significação conforme descrito por Aguiar e Ozella (2006) para a análise dos dados obtidos. Concluiu-se que o esporte competitivo escolar possui diversos benefícios possíveis ao processo de desenvolvimento do aluno, desde que direcionado por adultos responsáveis que zelem prioritariamente pelo bem estar discente e de acordo com um planejamento pedagógico da atividade esportiva. O esporte competitivo escolar também apresenta riscos caso não possua uma liderança preocupada com o pleno desenvolvimento dos alunos, sendo necessário considerar que o esporte competitivo escolar é mediado por uma série de elementos que compõe a totalidade sobre o tema, como a percepção da direção escolar sobre as possibilidades educativas do esporte; o projeto pedagógico adotado pelo técnico/professor responsável pela atividade; a história do esporte na instituição escolar e sua inserção no Brasil; as formações iniciais e continuadas dos profissionais e a influência dos meios de comunicação nas significações do esporte para a população, tornando essencial a percepção crítica do esporte esportivo escolar e trabalhos de formação continuada para os profissionais responsáveis por estas atividades
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Books on the topic "Cue competition"

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Italy. Codice della concorrenza: Legislazione italiana, direttive, regolamenti, decisioni CEE. Milano: Pirola, 1992.

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Competition law. Dublin: Thomson Round Hall, 2006.

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Jose, Colin. The United States and World Cup soccer competition: An encyclopedic history of the United States in international competition. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press, 1994.

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Michael, Levitt, ed. The America's Cup: The history of sailing's greatest competition in the twentieth century. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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Butera, Federico, and Giorgio De Michelis. L'Italia che compete: L'Italian way of doing industry. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2011.

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Burke, T. Competition in theory and practice. London: Croom Helm, 1988.

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Burke, T. Competition in theory and practice. London: Routledge, 1991.

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Alessi, Riccardo. La disciplina della concorrenza e del mercato: Commento alla L. 10 ottobre 1990, n. 287 ed al Regolamento CEE n. 4064/89 del 21 dicembre 1989. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 1991.

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Zamora, Rafael Pellicer. Derecho comunitario de la competencia: Artículos 85 y 86 del Tratado CEE. Madrid: Editorial Trivium, 1986.

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Tıktık, Ahmet. Trade liberalization under imperfect competition: A CGE analysis on Turkey. Ankara: Capital Markets Board of Turkey, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cue competition"

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Hoyer, Daniel, Eric P. Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, Nicola Simola, et al. "Cue Competition." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 363. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4166.

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Kruschke, John K., and Mark K. Johansen. "An Attentionally-Based Connectionist Model of Overshadowing and Cue-Competition in Human Learning." In Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 1234. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315782416-254.

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Budden, David, Peter Wang, Oliver Obst, and Mikhail Prokopenko. "Simulation Leagues: Analysis of Competition Formats." In RoboCup 2014: Robot World Cup XVIII, 183–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18615-3_15.

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Pagello, E., F. Montesello, A. D'Angelo, and C. Ferrari. "A reactive architecture for RoboCup competition." In RoboCup-97: Robot Soccer World Cup I, 434–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-64473-3_80.

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Skinner, Cameron, and Mike Barley. "Robocup Rescue Simulation Competition: Status Report." In RoboCup 2005: Robot Soccer World Cup IX, 632–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11780519_63.

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Hruby, Zdenek. "Privatization and Modernization of the Electricity Sector in the CEE Transition Countries." In Towards Competition in Network Industries, 329–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60189-7_15.

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Ji, Jianmin, Zhiqiang Sui, Guoqiang Jin, Jiongkun Xie, and Xiaoping Chen. "Simulation Competitions on Domestic Robots." In RoboCup 2012: Robot Soccer World Cup XVI, 166–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39250-4_16.

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Zug, Sebastian, Martin Seidel, Jonathan Beckhaus, and Nico Winkelsträter. "Collision-Detection for RoboCup@Work-Competitions." In RoboCup 2017: Robot World Cup XXI, 376–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00308-1_31.

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Pagello, Enrico, Emanuele Menegatti, Ansgar Bredenfeld, Paulo Costa, Thomas Christaller, Adam Jacoff, Jeffrey Johnson, Martin Riedmiller, Alessandro Saffiotti, and Takashi Tomoichi. "Overview of RoboCup 2003 Competition and Conferences." In RoboCup 2003: Robot Soccer World Cup VII, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25940-4_1.

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Michel, Olivier, Yvan Bourquin, and Jean-Christophe Baillie. "RobotStadium: Online Humanoid Robot Soccer Simulation Competition." In RoboCup 2008: Robot Soccer World Cup XII, 580–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02921-9_50.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cue competition"

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Kitto, Kathleen L. "Developing and Integrating CAE Tools in Engineering Technology." In ASME 1993 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1993-0065.

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Abstract Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Tools are being used extensively by companies in the United States to compete in an increasingly demanding global market place. Product cycle times are being reduced while quality requirements are being increased. The students enrolled in engineering and engineering technology today will be faced with competing in these competitive markets after graduation and must acquire the skills they need for that competition before graduation. In order to help make our students more competitive in that global market place, a CAE Tools course and interdisciplinary projects are being integrated into the manufacturing, plastics and electronics engineering technology programs at Western Washington University. This paper describes the new CAE Tools course at Western and decribes specific examples of interdisciplinary projects during the past academic year.
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Han, Zhao-Cui, Xu-Sheng Tang, Yun- Feng Li, Guo-Qiang Wang, Tie-Ming Su, Fan Ou, Zong-Ying Ou, and Wen-Ji Xu. "MLSP2011 competition: Face recognition with integrating multiple cues." In 2011 IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsp.2011.6064641.

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Wang, Lidong, Kwun-Lon Ting, and Martha Kosa. "XML-Based Integration of Design, Analysis and Manufacturing." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48231.

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The integration of design, analysis and manufacturing is a challenging issue in product development. Much research focuses on creating data exchange standards such as STL, IGES, EDI, and STEP etc. However, these standards are not ideal in data exchange and communication via the Web. In this paper, a unified framework based on XML was created to integrate design, analysis, and manufacturing. The structures of DTDs and XML files of geometric design, finite element analysis and NC machining were developed. Key technologies of supporting the XML-based integration and information communication, such as DOM, SAX and SOAP etc. were discussed. XML-based integration will shorten the development cycle, save costs in product development, and finally improve the competitive capability in the global competition of product development.
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Kuo, Chia-Wei, and Pei-Ju Lu. "Bargaining power of quota allocation in national brand and store brand competition." In Industrial Engineering (CIE-40). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccie.2010.5668345.

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Shiode, Shogo, Hao-Ching Hsia, and Kuang-Yih Yeh. "On optimal location for three competitive facilities." In Industrial Engineering (CIE-40). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccie.2010.5668205.

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Nagahara, Haruna, and Hiroyuki Arai. "Folded L-shaped circularly polarized antenna for Cube Sat." In 2019 International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwem.2019.8887935.

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Wang, Peijun, Robert Bja¨rnemo, and Damien Motte. "Development of a Web-Based Customer-Oriented Interactive Virtual Environment for Mobile Phone Design." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48300.

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During recent years, mobile phone companies have experienced market-related difficulties that result in increasing competition globally. In an attempt to maintain or increase their market share, enterprises reorganize their resources and employ new technologies to sharpen their competitive edges. Moreover, with the globalization, more and more companies become multi-sited. Efficient and timely collaboration and communication among the development team members become critical for product success. This paper proposes a web-based interactive virtual environment for mobile phone design, named VMPDS (Virtual Mobile Phone Design Space). The features of the system include the combination of web technology and VR (Virtual Reality) technology, the ability to deal with and extend the product model database, adequate interaction for 3-D product model modification and customization, and usefulness for the examination and evaluation of product concept design. The system is implemented by using standard open technologies such as VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language), Java, SAI (Script Authoring Interface) and EAI (External Authoring Interface) to assure accessibility and platformindependence.
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Gerhard, Jonathan F., David Rosen, Janet K. Allen, and Farrokh Mistree. "A Distributed Product Realization Environment for Design and Manufacturing." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/cie-14624.

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Abstract Increased competition is forcing product realization to change: to become faster and to leverage facilities and expertise, wherever they may be. Geographically distributed engineers must collaboratively develop, build and test solutions to design-manufacture problems to be competitive in the global marketplace. Software systems to support design and manufacturing activities must continuously evolve to accommodate rapid acquisition and use of knowledge throughout a global manufacturing enterprise. Engineers must operate in a distributed system in which separate entities communicate cooperatively — ideas and information requests can be generated anywhere within the system, rapid turn-around is essential, and multiple projects must be handled simultaneously. Thus we want to provide a platform-independent framework to integrate distributed and heterogeneous software resources to support the computationally intensive activities in the product realization process. In this paper, we present a prototype platform-independent framework based on an experimental event-based communications model and describe its usage in a distributed product realization environment, the Rapid Tooling TestBed.
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Baleia, Jose, Pedro Santana, and Jose Barata. "Self-supervised learning of depth-based navigation affordances from haptic cues." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarsc.2014.6849777.

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Reichard, Ronnal P. "Structural Design and Construction of America's Cup Class Yachts." In SNAME 10th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1991-002.

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The new America's Cup Class Rule specifies a modern, light weight, fast monohull sloop somewhere between an IOR Maxi and an ULDB. The performance of the boat will be highly sensitive to weight, thus there is a premium on optimization of the structure. The structural section of the rule calls for a thin skin sandwich laminate with minimum skin and core thicknesses and densities, as well as maximum core thickness, fiber modulus, and laminate cure temperatures. This paper presents the initial phases of material selection, structural analysis and design, and manufacturing engineering in the development of a competitive America's Cup Class Yacht.
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Reports on the topic "Cue competition"

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Rosett, Joshua, and Richard Rosett. Characteristics of TQM: Evidence from the RIT/USA Today Quality Cup Competition. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7241.

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Devarajan, Shantayanan, and Dani Rodrik. Pro-Competitive Effects of Trade Reform: Results from a CGE Model of Cameroon. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3176.

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Catherine Scott, Catherine Scott. Performance-enhancing substances: How do male black widows use chemical cues to gain a competitive advantage? Experiment, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/7850.

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Elhan-Kayalar, Yesim. Gender, Entrepreneurship and Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of GoFood Merchants in Indonesia. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/mrem3121.

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This paper examines business performance and crisis mitigation strategies among micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. We utilize a new primary data set based on administrative records, survey data, and follow-up interviews with merchants using the digital application GoFood, an on-demand cooked food delivery service. Three empirical findings emerge: First, the overall employment size of women-owned businesses shrank more than men-owned businesses after the pandemic outbreak; second, women were more likely than men to cut personal expenditures and use government assistance as crisis mitigation strategies; and third, competition increased sharply as new merchants entered the platform, with service areas of both incumbents and entrants shrinking over time. These results have implications for policies on women’s entrepreneurship, the uptake of business development services, and financing programs for MSMEs.
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Verburg, Peter H., Žiga Malek, Sean P. Goodwin, and Cecilia Zagaria. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform: IEEM Platform Technical Guides: User Guide for the IEEM-enhanced Land Use Land Cover Change Model Dyna-CLUE. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003625.

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The Conversion of Land Use and its Effects modeling framework (CLUE) was developed to simulate land use change using empirically quantified relations between land use and its driving factors in combination with dynamic modeling of competition between land use types. Being one of the most widely used spatial land use models, CLUE has been applied all over the world on different scales. In this document, we demonstrate how the model can be used to develop a multi-regional application. This means, that instead of developing numerous individual models, the user only prepares one CLUE model application, which then allocates land use change across different regions. This facilitates integration with the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform for subnational assessments and increases the efficiency of the IEEM and Ecosystem Services Modeling (IEEMESM) workflow. Multi-regional modelling is particularly useful in larger and diverse countries, where we can expect different spatial distributions in land use changes in different regions: regions of different levels of achieved socio-economic development, regions with different topographies (flat vs. mountainous), or different climatic regions (dry vs humid) within a same country. Accounting for such regional differences also facilitates developing ecosystem services models that consider region specific biophysical characteristics. This manual, and the data that is provided with it, demonstrates multi-regional land use change modeling using the country of Colombia as an example. The user will learn how to prepare the data for the model application, and how the multi-regional run differs from a single-region simulation.
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Cao, Shoufeng, Uwe Dulleck, Warwick Powell, Charles Turner-Morris, Valeri Natanelov, and Marcus Foth. BeefLedger blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China: Early consumer insights. Queensland University of Technology, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.200267.

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The BeefLedger Export Smart Contracts project is a collaborative research study between BeefLedger Ltd and QUT co-funded by the Food Agility CRC. This project exists to deliver economic value to those involved in the production, export and consumption of Australian beef to China through: (1) reduced information asymmetry; (2) streamlined compliance processes, and; (3) developing and accessing new data-driven value drivers, through the deployment of decentralised ledger technologies and associated governance systems. This report presents early insights from a survey deployed to Chinese consumers in Nov/Dec 2019 exploring attitudes and preferences about blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China. Our results show that most local and foreign consumers were willing to pay more than the reference price for a BeefLedger branded Australian cut and packed Sirloin steak at the same weight. Although considered superior over Chinese processed Australian beef products, the Chinese market were sceptical that the beef they buy was really from Australia, expressing low trust in Australian label and traceability information. Despite lower trust, most survey respondents were willing to pay more for traceability supported Australian beef, potentially because including this information provided an additional sense of safety. Therefore, traceability information should be provided to consumers, as it can add a competitive advantage over products without traceability.
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Levisohn, Sharon, Mark Jackwood, and Stanley Kleven. New Approaches for Detection of Mycoplasma iowae Infection in Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612834.bard.

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Mycoplasma iowae (Mi) is a pathogenic avian mycoplasma which causes mortality in turkey embryos and as such has clinical and economic significance for the turkey breeder industry. Control of Mi infection is severely hampered by lack of adequate diagnostic tests, together with resistance to most antibiotics and resilience to environment. A markedly high degree of intra-species antigenic variation also contributes to difficulties in detection and control of infection. In this project we have designed an innovative gene-based diagnostic test based on specific amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of Mi. This reaction, designed Multi-species PCR-RFLP test, also amplifies the DNA of the pathogenic avian mycoplasmas M. gallisepticum (Mg) and M. synoviae (Ms). This test detects DNA equivalent to about 300 cfu Mi or either of the other two target mycoplasmas, individually or in mixed infection. It is a quick test, applicable to a wide variety of clinical samples, such as allantoic fluid or tracheal or cloacal swab suspensions. Differential diagnosis is carried out by gel electro-phoresis of the PCR amplicon digested with selected restriction enzymes (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). This can also be readily accomplished by using a simple Dot-Blot hybridization assay with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes reacting specifically with unique Mi, Mg or Ms sequences in the PCR amplicon. The PCR/OLIGO test increased sensitivity by at least 10-fold with a capacity for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. Experimental infection trials were carried out to evaluate the diagnostic tools and to study pathogenesis of Mi infection. Field studies and experimental infection of embryonated eggs indicated both synergistic and competitive interaction of mycoplasma pathogens in mixed infection. The value of the PCR diagnostic tests for following the time course of egg transmission was shown. A workable serological test (Dot Immunobinding Assay) was also developed but there was no clear-cut evidence that infected turkeys develop an immune response. Typing of a wide spectrum of Mi field isolates by a variety of gene-based molecular techniques indicated a higher degree of genetic homogeneity than predicted on the basis of the phenotypic variability. All known strains of Mi were detected by the method developed. Together with an M. meleagridis-PCR test based on the same gene, the Multi-species PCR test is a highly valuable tool for diagnosis of pathogenic mycoplasmas in single or mixed infection. The further application of this rapid and specific test as a part of Mi and overall mycoplasma control programs will be dependent on developments in the turkey industry.
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