Journal articles on the topic 'Cucumber'
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1
Arima, Seiichi, and Naoshi Kondo. "Cucumber Harvesting Robot and Plant Training System." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 3 (June 20, 1999): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0208.
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Cucumber is one of the most popular vegetables cultivated in Japan. It must be harvested daily because of rapid maturation and the deterioration of quality in cucumbers harvested too late. We developed a cucumber harvesting robot using a visual sensor, manipulator, endeffector, and traveling device. To discriminate cucumbers from leaves and stems, we used a monochrome TV camera with 550 nm and 850 nm wavelength interference filters. After thresholding images, cucumbers were recognized morphologically. A seven degree-of-freedom (DOF) polar coordinate manipulator moved to a target cucumber and a harvesting end-effector grasped the top, detected the peduncle, and cut it. The manipulator and end-effector were trialmanufactured based on the cucumber's physical properties. A 4-wheel traveling device carrying the robot then moved to the next plant. Experiments verified the robot's feasibility in harvesting cucumbers.
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Yulianti, Nelfa, and Dwi Apriliani AGS. "Perbandingan Mutu Kerupuk Teripang (Holuthuria Scabra) Olahan Dengan Kerupuk Komersial." Jurnal TILAPIA 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30601/tilapia.v1i1.989.
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In Indonesia, sea cucumbers are widely used as food is from the type of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra). Sea cucumbers are often processed into dried sea cucumbers and crackers. therefore the researchers made a comparison between the two samples of processed sea cucumber crackers and commercial sea cucumber crackers to determine their quality. Furthermore, to determine differences in the content of the protein content, fat content, ash content, and water content, and hedonic test of crackers cucumbers. The research method is experimental laboratories. The results of testing the protein content of processed sea cucumber crackers by 4.46%, while in commercial sea cucumber crackers by 0.56%, fat content in processed sea cucumber crackers by 0.45%, and in commercial sea cucumber crackers by 0.95%, ash content in processed sea cucumber crackers by 0.01%, and in commercial sea cucumber crackers by 0.51%, and the content of water content in processed sea cucumber crackers was 6.15% and in commercial sea cucumber crackers was 8.94%. The quality of processed sea cucumber crackers and commercial sea cucumber crackers in this study both of the crackers have good quality. The result of hedonic test of processed sea cucumber crackers is 7.44 μ ≥ 8.18 so it is suitable for consumption. In commercial sea cucumber crackers it is 7.56 ≥ μ ≥ 8.26 and is suitable for consumption.
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De Carvalho-Souza, Gustavo F., David Roque-Atienza, and Enrique González-Ortegón. "Sea Cucumber (Holothuria arguinensis) as a Shelter for Juvenile Fish (Diplodus bellottii) in the Gulf of Cadiz (Southwestern Spain)." Diversity 14, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100872.
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During a diving survey on soft-bottom habitats in the Gulf of Cadiz (Southwestern Spain), the use of the sea cucumber Holothuria arguinensis (Echinodermata, Holothuriidae) as a shelter by juvenile Senegal’s sea bream Diplodus bellottii (Chordata: Sparidae) was observed. Eight juvenile sea bream D. bellottii were videoed sheltering under the sea cucumber’s body. This observation highlights the importance of sea cucumbers as a shelter for juvenile fish, providing a microhabitat to take refuge from predators. This is the first report of juvenile sea bream sheltered by a sea cucumber.
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Hanna, H. Y. "TOMATOES AND CUCUMBERS ARE A GOOD COMBINATION FOR A DOUBLE-CROPPING SYSTEM." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 428b—428. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.428b.
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Several studies were conducted to determine the effect of using tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plant skeletons as a support for trellised cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) double-cropped with tomatoes. In addition, the effect of mulch color, drip irrigation, and root-knot nematodes on subsequent cucumber yield also were examined. The presence of tomato skeletons significantly reduced the total yield (U.S. Fancy, no. 1, and no. 2), but not the premium (U.S. Fancy, no. 1) yield of cucumbers. Black polyethylene mulch used for the previous tomato crop had no undesirable effect on cucumber yield compared to the white mulch. Drip irrigated cucumber using same tomato irrigation lines significantly increased cucumber yield compared to nonirrigated cucumber. Cucumbers planted after nematode resistant tomatoes produced significantly higher yields than cucumber planted after nematode-susceptible tomatoes.
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Tomatala, Pitjont, and Meyske Angel Rahantoknam. "Implementasi Budidaya Teripang di Desa Madwaer, Maluku Tenggara." Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/002.201722.26.
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IMPLEMENTATION OF SEA CUCUMBER CULTIVATION IN MADWAER VILLAGE, SOUTHEAST MALUKU. Sea cucumbers or Teripang (Holothuria sp) is a fishery commodity that has economic value. Sea cucumbers are often caught and sold by a group of people in Madwaer village, Southeast Maluku regency. The value of perceived benefits motivates them (partners) to try to cultivate sea cucumbers by utilizing the coastal conditions in their village. Limitations of knowledge about the technique of making cucumber cultivation container, technology of sea cucumber rearing and management of sea cucumber business is a problem faced by partners. This activity aims to help partners solve the problems faced. The method used in this activity is elucidation, training and monitoring. From the results of the activity is known that partners have had the knowledge and skills so that they are able to make a good cultivation cucumber container, able to cultivate sea cucumbers and partners are able to do the management of sea cucumber business well.
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BARDSLEY, CAMERON A., LAURA N. TRUITT, RACHEL C. PFUNTNER, MICHELLE D. DANYLUK, STEVEN L. RIDEOUT, and LAURA K. STRAWN. "Growth and Survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella on Whole and Sliced Cucumbers." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-341.
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ABSTRACT Cucumbers were associated with four multistate outbreaks of Salmonella in the United States between 2013 and 2016. This study evaluated the fate of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella on whole and sliced cucumbers at various storage temperatures. Cucumbers were inoculated with five-strain cocktails of L. monocytogenes or Salmonella, air dried, and stored at 23 ± 2, 4 ± 2, and −18 ± 2°C. Whole and sliced cucumber samples were enumerated on nonselective and selective media at 0, 0.21, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days (23 ± 2°C); 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days (4 ± 2°C); and 0, 7, 28, 60, 90, and 120 days (−18 ± 2°C). For Salmonella, additional time points were added at 8 and 17 h (23 ± 2°C) and at 17 h (4 ± 2°C). Population levels were calculated for whole (CFU per cucumber) and sliced (CFU per gram) cucumbers. Both pathogens grew on whole and sliced cucumbers held at ambient temperatures. At 23 ± 2°C, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella populations significantly increased on whole (2.3 and 3.4 log CFU per cucumber, respectively) and sliced (1.7 and 3.2 log CFU/g, respectively) cucumbers within 1 day. Salmonella populations significantly increased on whole and sliced cucumbers after only 5 h (2.1 log CFU per cucumber and 1.5 log CFU/g, respectively), whereas L. monocytogenes populations were not significantly different on whole and sliced cucumbers at 5 h. L. monocytogenes and Salmonella populations survived up to 21 days on refrigerated whole and sliced cucumbers. At 4 ± 2°C, L. monocytogenes populations significantly increased on whole (2.8 log CFU per cucumber) and sliced (2.9 log CFU/g) cucumbers, whereas Salmonella populations significantly decreased on whole (0.6 log CFU per cucumber) and sliced (1.3 log CFU/g) cucumbers over 21 days. Both pathogens survived on frozen whole and sliced cucumbers for at least 120 days. The ability of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella to grow on whole and sliced cucumbers in short amounts of time at ambient temperatures, and to survive on whole and sliced cucumbers past the recommended shelf life at refrigeration temperatures, highlights the need to reduce the likelihood of contamination events throughout the cucumber supply chain.
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Guan, Wenjing, Daniel S. Egel, Larry D. Sutterer, and Alexander D. Plummer. "Early-season Production of Grafted Seedless Cucumbers in High Tunnels." HortTechnology 28, no. 1 (February 2018): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03910-17.
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Seedless cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a popular and high-value crop found in many local food markets. Worldwide, it is the third most important high tunnel crop after tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). One challenge of growing seedless cucumbers in high tunnels is low soil temperatures in the early season that suppress plant growth even when air temperatures would be adequate. Grafting cucumbers to enhance crop tolerance to suboptimal temperature stresses has been widely used in Asian countries. However, little information is available in the United States about graft compatibility, cold hardiness, and seasonal extension potential of growing grafted seedless cucumbers in high tunnels. In this study, we tested the effects of grafting with two winter squash (Cucurbita moschata) rootstocks (‘Titan’ and ‘Marvel’) on vegetative growth and yield of three seedless cucumbers (‘Excelsior’ pickling cucumber, ‘Socrates’ Beit Alpha cucumber, and ‘Taurus’ long-type cucumber) in the spring seasons of 2016 and 2017 in high tunnels located in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) hardiness zone 6. Nongrafted plants were included as controls. All grafted plants survived the suboptimal temperature stress during transplant period, whereas 59% of nongrafted plants died in the 2016 season. Irrespective of rootstock and cucumber cultivar, vine growth rates of nongrafted cucumbers in April of both years were lower than those of the grafted crops. Cucumber cultivars Excelsior and Taurus grafted onto Marvel winter squash rootstock had higher yields in May 2016 compared with the yields of the nongrafted plants in the same month. The enhanced early-season yields of grafted plants were observed on cucumber cultivars Excelsior and Socrates in 2017 regardless of rootstocks. Grafting also increased the entire season’s yields of the three cucumber cultivars in 2017, but not in 2016. More comprehensive evaluations about cold tolerances of newly released cucumber rootstocks are needed. Further studies are also warranted to improve our understanding of effects of rootstock and scion interactions on cucumber growth and yield in high tunnel production.
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Gianto, Gianto, Made Suhandana, and R. Marwita Sari Putri. "Komposisi Kandungan Asam Amino Pada Teripang Emas (Stichoupus horens) di Perairan Pulau Bintan, Kepulauan Riau." Jurnal FishtecH 6, no. 2 (July 24, 2018): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/fishtech.v6i2.5850.
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This study aims to analyze the amino acid component contained in the golden sea cucumber so that it can be used as a basis for consideration, management, especially the development of sea cucumbers. Protein in sea cucumbers have complete amino acids, both essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids. The result of the proximate test of golden sea cucumber has high protein content which is 95,14% and fat 0,20% compared to other sea cucumber type while the protein of sea cucumber is very low that is 1.78% and 1.54% ash. The highest content of dried sea cucumber amino acids in golden sea cucumber meat seen in glutamic acid of 6.6049%, 7.1769% glycine, aspartic acid 3.9227% and proline of 3.4189% while the results of wet sea cucumber amino acids have a low amino acid value with glutamic acid 0.2281%, Glycine 0.2308% and Alanin 0.2169%.
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Abubakar, Yuyun, and Fajria Dewi Salim. "Analysis of sea cucumber food habits (Holothuroidea) in Tanjung Gosale village Guraping subdistrict North Oba city Tidore Islands." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 945–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i3.2977.
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This study aims to find out the composition of sea cucumber types in Tanjung Gosale Guraping Village, find out the composition of sea cucumber food types in Tanjung Gosale Guraping Village and determine the food habits of sea cucumber types (main food, supplements, and incidental foods) contained in the stomach contents of sea cucumbers. The research procedure is carried out measurements of the length and weight of sea cucumbers using a measuring bar and analytical scales. Then the sea cucumber is dissected to be taken by the stomach, then analyzed the food contained in the stomach. Before the stomach is dissected first done weighing the weight of the stomach using analytical scales and measurements of the length of the stomach using the bar. The stomach of sea cucumbers that have been surgically then carried out observations of the contents of the stomach per individual in a microscope to find out the types of food organisms contained in the stomach of the sea cucumber. The results showed that the composite.
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Mallick, Pushpa Karna. "Evaluating Potential Importance of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. -Cucurbitaceae): A Brief Review." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v10i1.44152.
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Cucumber is a one of healthy fruit which have many health benefits of cucurbitaceae family. It maintains blood pressure, regulates hydration, controls sugar, and soothes the skin, helpful in digestion. It also helps to weight loss by reducing fat. Cucumber also contains fibre, potassium, manganese, magnesium and vitamin K, C, A. Cucumber can also have hydrated and antimicrobial properties, and detoxify the body and, prevent cancer and other many bone disease. Economically cucumbers are very important, as cucumbers contain high nutritional, medicinal as well as health beneficial values. In present presentation going to discussed about the economic importance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus).
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 10(1): 12-15.
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Abdel-Salam, Eslam M., Mohammad Faisal, Abdulrahman A. Alatar, Quaiser Saquib, and Hend A. Alwathnani. "Comparative Analysis between Wild and Cultivated Cucumbers Reveals Transcriptional Changes during Domestication Process." Plants 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010063.
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The cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was reported to have been developed from a wild cucumber (Cucumis hystrix Chakrav.), nevertheless, these two organisms exhibit noteworthy differences. For example, the wild cucumber is known for its high resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, the leaves and fruits of the wild cucumber have a bitter taste compared to the cultivated cucumber. These differences could be attributed mainly to the differences in gene expression levels. In the present investigation, we analyzed the RNA-sequencing data to show the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the wild and cultivated cucumbers. The identified DEGs were further utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis and for identification of transcription factors and regulators. In the results, several enriched GO terms in the biological process, cellular component, and molecular functions categories were identified and various enriched pathways, especially the biosynthesis pathways of secondary products were recognized. Plant-specific transcription factor families were differentially expressed between the wild and cultivated cucumbers. The results obtained provide preliminary evidence for the transcriptional differences between the wild and cultivated cucumbers which developed during the domestication process as a result of natural and/or artificial selection, and they formulate the basis for future genetic research and improvement of the cultivated cucumber.
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Narayaman, Adolof S. "PERILAKU PEMIJAHAN TERIPANG PASIR (HOLOTHURIA SCABRA) BERDASARKAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN (SUHU) DI DESA OHOI LETMAN KECAMATAN KEI KECIL KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA." BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2014): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol1issue1page80-85.
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Background: Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is one of the export commodities from fisheries sector which has decreased production and resource conservation. Spawning sea cucumbers as a first step in the provision of seeds on the cultivation that has been successfully done naturally, but the frequency of spawning is still very low.
Method: Treatment of mother of sea cucumber which is selected and taken as sample which is 8 tail and have always active behavior. Mother of sea cucumber then selected by length and weight of sea cucumber.
Result: Spawning behavior displayed by sea cucumbers during spawning based on environmental factors (temperature) by raising the temperature (boiling) seawater or temperature shock. So at an initial temperature of 27 ° C the behavior of sea cucumbers looks very active. Then with an interval of ± 30 minutes the temperature increased to 28 ° C, seen the behavior shown that the sea cucumbers do the process of elongation of the body, so that the sea cucumber looks different from before
Conclusion: Male breeding spawning on the back of the body (posterior), the mother cucumber raises the height of the head or the front of the body (anterior) which visible a bulge that then removes the sperm that looks like white smoke in the water. With an interval of 10 minutes a female parent appeared to be in the same temperature and the same breeding method the mature female was removing the egg.
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KOSEKI, SHIGENOBU, KYOICHIRO YOSHIDA, SEIICHIRO ISOBE, and KAZUHIKO ITOH. "Efficacy of Acidic Electrolyzed Water for Microbial Decontamination of Cucumbers and Strawberries." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 1247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1247.
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An examination was made of the efficacy of acidic electrolyzed water (AcEW, 30 ppm free available chlorine), ozonated water (5 ppm ozone), and a sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl, 150 ppm free available chlorine) for use as potential sanitizers of cucumbers and strawberries. AcEW and NaOCl reduced the aerobic mesophiles naturally present on cucumbers within 10 min by 1.4 and 1.2 log CFU per cucumber, respectively. The reduction by ozonated water (0.7 log CFU per cucumber) was significantly less than that of AcEW or NaOCl (P ≤ 0.05). Cucumbers washed in alkaline electrolyzed water for 5 min and then treated with AcEW for 5 min showed a reduction in aerobic mesophiles that was at least 2 log CFU per cucumber greater than that of other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). This treatment was also effective in reducing levels of coliform bacteria and fungi associated with cucumbers. All treatments offered greater microbial reduction on the cucumber surface than in the cucumber homogenate. Aerobic mesophiles associated with strawberries were reduced by less than 1 log CFU per strawberry after each treatment. Coliform bacteria and fungi associated with strawberries were reduced by 1.0 to 1.5 log CFU per strawberry after each treatment. Microbial reduction was approximately 0.5 log CFU per strawberry greater on the strawberry surface than in the strawberry homogenate. However, neither treatment was able to completely inactivate or remove the microorganisms from the surface of the cucumber or strawberry.
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AB RAHMAN, NOR SHAHIDA, MUHAMMAD ASYRAF AZAHAR, NUR AMIRA SHAFIQA ROSLI, NUR SABRINA BADRUL HISHAM, SITI NAJIHAH SOLEHIN, AISYAH MOHAMED REHAN, MD-ZAIRI ZAINAL, MUHAMMAD ABU BAKAR ABDUL-LATIFF, and KAMARUL RAHIM KAMARUDIN. "SEA CUCUMBER (ECHINODERMATA: HOLOTHUROIDEA) SPECIES CHECKLIST IN PULAU TINGGI, JOHOR, MALAYSIA." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.11.009.
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There is still a lack of data on the species presence of sea cucumbers in Pulau Tinggi, Johor. Therefore, this study aimed to document the species checklist of sea cucumbers (Phylum Echinodermata: Class Holothuroidea) in Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia. The live sea cucumbers were collected for approximately two months from August 2019 to September 2019 during low tide. A total of ten species of sea cucumbers representing one order and two genera were documented. Among the total number of sea cucumbers collected from Pulau Tinggi, five species were under the Holothuria while another five belonged to the genus Stichopus. In Pulau Tinggi, Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt, 1835) was found to be the most prevalent species as it was documented and observed at all sampling sites. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews involving 15 respondents were incorporated during the data collection to obtain more information about the sea cucumber species. This study has contributed to the latest update on the list of sea cucumber species in Pulau Tinggi, as well as more updates related to the benefits of the sea cucumber to the residents, the environmental issues, the management and the conservation of sea cucumber in Pulau Tinggi.
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Li, Jian, Qing Li, Xiaojuan Lei, Weina Tian, Jiankang Cao, Weibo Jiang, and Meng Wang. "Effects of Wax Coating on the Moisture Loss of Cucumbers at Different Storage Temperatures." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9351821.
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The effects of wax coating on moisture loss of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Jinglv) were investigated at different temperatures. Cucumbers were treated with 10% (volume : volume) wax and then stored at 15, 20, 25, or 30°C and 55% relative humidity. The changes in the mass of samples were recorded every 6 h. Results showed that wax coating along with low temperature was very effective in preventing moisture loss of cucumbers during simulated distribution. After 48 h storage, moisture loss in wax treated cucumbers at 15°C was 45% lower than the control at 30°C. Furthermore, a kinetic model was developed to study the influence of temperature on moisture loss based on the Arrhenius law. The model successfully described changes in cucumber moisture loss at different temperatures during storage. The shelf life of cucumber was also predicted using the kinetic model. A synergistic effect was found between wax coating and storage temperature on cucumber shelf life. Wax coating combined with low storage temperature was an effective method to extend the shelf life of cucumber fruit.
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Mullinix, Benjamin, and Albert Purvis. "COMBINING SHRINKAGE CURVES FOR SEVERAL CUCUMBERS RECEIVING SAME-STORAGE TREATMENT WHEN SLOPES ARE NOT EQUAL AND VARIANCES ARE HETEROGENEOUS." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 434b—434. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.434b.
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Five `Poinsett' cucumbers were selected at random for each treatment in a postharvest storage experiment. Each cucumber was weighed initially, covered by wax “E”, and weighed each day afterwards for 9 days. Percentage loss was computed for each day. Quadratic regression curves were fit for each cucumber and for all in a single analysis. In most cases, variances were not homogeneous among the five cucumbers. Using the regression coefficients for each cucumber, an average of the five was made and appropriate standard errors were computed. Percent loss data was transformed using SQRT. The number of cases where homogeneity of variances were found increased. Mixture of large and small cucumbers by weight tended not to be homogeneous, whereas mixing of cucumbers of similar weights were improved with square-root transformation.
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Silaen, Deptson Baringin, I. Wayan Arthana, and Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati. "Distribusi Teripang (Holothuroidea) Pada Perairan Pesisir Nusa Lembongan, Kecamatan Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung, Bali." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 2 (November 6, 2017): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i02.263-270.
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Sea cucumbers have a high economic potential and widely used by the community as food with nutrient content and high enough protein. The occurrence of an organism, including sea cucumbers in a waters is determined by the environmental factors of the waters, one of which is habitat. This study aims to determine the distribution of sea cucumbers (Holoturoidea) in the Coastal Waters of Nusa Lembongan, District Nusa Penida, Klungkung regency, Bali. This research was conducted in April-May 2017 in the Coastal Waters of Nusa Lembongan. This study looked at the distribution of sea cucumbers (Holoturoidea), substrate composition, physics-chemical parameters of waters (temperature, depth, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen) and their relation to habitat conditions spread over Nusa Lembongan Coastal Waters. Data analysis in this study include the composition of sea cucumber, density of sea cucumber, the diversity of sea cucumber, and distribution of sea cucumbers. The results of the research conducted found 4 species of sea cucumber namely the type of Holothuria atra, Bohadchia vitiensis, Holothuria fuscocinerea and Holothuria sp. Physical-chemical parameters of the waters obtained in the research results are still categorized normal for the survival of sea cucumbers. Distribution of sea cucumbers during the study obtained by the results pattern of dispersal is clumped in all station with the index distribution value from 1.72 to 6.60.
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Sjafrie, Nurul Dhewani Mirah, and Ana Setyastuty. "Pemanfaatan Teripang di Kabupaten Kaimana Provinsi Papua Barat." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 5, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2020.v5i2.309.
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<strong>The Utilization of Sea Cucumber in Kaimana Regency, West Papua Province.</strong>Sea cucumbers are one of marine commodities that are traded at local, national and international scale. Kaimana Regency, West Papua Province is one of the sea cucumber producers in Indonesia. The exploitation of sea cucumber in this regency has been carried out for long times, applying the<em>sasi</em>system. The purpose of this study is to determine the exploitation of sea cucumbers with the <em>sasi</em> system. Data were collected in April 2018 in two location, namely Kayumerah Island and Kambala Village. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was perfomed out using structured questions to gather information of the sea cucumber exploitation. The snowball technique was used to locate the sea cucumber collectors. This study results showed 22 commercial species of sea cucumber were found in Kayumerah Island and 33 species in Kambala Village. Duration of open-closed sasi in Kayumerah Island was 2 to 3 years for 14 days, while in Kambala Village was 2 years for 6 months. The average catched of sea cucumbers was 3.57 kg dry weight/person/ day in Kayumerah Island and 0.09 kg dry weight/person/day in Kambala Village. These commodities were sold to the city nearby. Sasi system at the study site seems to have changed due to an auction system or fee for collecting of sea cucumbers and a changes in capture methods, through diving supported by compressor
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Hanna, H. Y. "Producing Trellised Cucumbers Double-cropped with Tomatoes." HortScience 28, no. 2 (February 1993): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.2.96.
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Several studies were conducted from 1988 to 1990 to determine the effect of using tomato plant skeletons as a support for trellised cucumbers double-cropped with tomatoes. In addition, the method by which tomato plants were killed before cucumbers were planted and the in-row spacing and row arrangement of cucumber plants on subsequent cucumber yield were also examined. Yields of trellised `Dasher II' cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants planted in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plots fumigated with metam-sodium were not significantly higher than yields from plants grown in plots where tomato plants were killed with glyphosate or paraquat. The presence of tomato skeletons significantly reduced the average total yield, but not the average premium yield, of three cucumber cultivars in 2 years of the study. Cultivar effect on yield was significant, and there was a significant cultivar × tomato skeleton interaction for yield during 1988. Spacing cucumber plants in the row in the presence of tomato skeletons significantly influenced yields. Planting cucumbers in double rows per tomato bed with tomato skeletons in between significantly increased yield in 1988, had a mixed effect in 1989, and had no effect in 1990 when compared with planting cucumbers in a single row per bed. Chemical names used: l,l' -dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salts (paraquat); N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate); sodium N- methyldithiocarbamate (metam-sodium).
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KHATTAK, AMAL BADSHAH, NIZAKAT BIBI, MUHAMMAD ASHRAF CHAUDRY, MISAL KHAN, MAAZULLAH KHAN, and MUHAMMAD JAMIL QURESHI. "Shelf Life Extension of Minimally Processed Cabbage and Cucumber through Gamma Irradiation." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.1.105.
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The influence of irradiation of minimally processed cabbage and cucumber on microbial safety, texture, and sensory quality was investigated. Minimally processed, polyethylene-packed, and irradiated cabbage and cucumber were stored at refrigeration temperature (5°C) for 2 weeks. The firmness values ranged from 3.23 kg (control) to 2.82 kg (3.0-kGy irradiated samples) for cucumbers, with a gradual decrease in firmness with increasing radiation dose (0 to 3 kGy). Cucumbers softened just after irradiation with a dose of 3.0 kGy and after 14 days storage, whereas the texture remained within acceptable limits up to a radiation dose of 2.5 kGy. The radiation treatment had no effect on the appearance scores of cabbage; however, scores decreased from 7.0 to 6.7 during storage. The appearance and flavor scores of cucumbers decreased with increasing radiation dose, and overall acceptability was better after radiation doses of 2.5 and 3.0 kGy. The aerobic plate counts per gram for cabbage increased from 3 to 5 log CFU (control), from 1.85 to 2.93 log CFU (2.5 kGy), and from a few colonies to 2.6 log CFU (3.0 kGy) after 14 days of storage at 5°C. A similar trend was noted for cucumber samples. No coliform bacteria were detected at radiation doses greater than 2.0 kGy in either cabbage or cucumber samples. Total fungal counts per gram of sample were within acceptable limits for cucumbers irradiated at 3.0 kGy, and for cabbage no fungi were detected after 2.0-kGy irradiation. The D-values for Escherichia coli in cucumber and cabbage were 0.19 and 0.17 kGy, and those for Salmonella Paratyphi A were 0.25 and 0.29 kGy for cucumber and cabbage, respectively.
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Endang Dewi Masithah, Tegar Putra Purnayudha, Sri Subekti,. "Pengaruh Substrat Dasar yang Berbeda pada Sistem Resirkulasi terhadap Fisiologis Teripang Lokal (Phyllophorus sp.) selama Masa Adaptasi [Effect of Different Substrates on the Recirculation System for Local Sea Cucumber (Phyllophorus sp.) Physiological During Adaptation Period ]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 6, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v6i2.11306.
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Abstract This study aims to determine the physiological changes in local sea cucumber (Phyllophorus sp.) Were adapted on a maintenance bath recirculation system with a different substrate. This study uses three treatments and three replications. The first treatment is by using sea mud substrate, a second treatment using fine gravel substrate, a third treatment was not using the base substrate. The main parameters of physiological changes observed were local sea cucumber (Phyllophorus sp.) During the period of adaptation in maintenance bath. Supporting parameters observed were mortality rate and water quality. The results showed that physiological changes occur during adaptation changes of sea cucumber body to rounded, elongated, expanded and irregular. Sea cucumbers secrete intestines and gonads in stress response to environment. Sea cucumbers are maintained on the mud substrat was average survive for five days, fine gravel substrate for three days and without substrate for less than three days. The conclusion of this research is maintained in bath of sea cucumbers with sea mud substrate showed the best results, it is characterized by the average survival time longer and the amount of sea cucumber intestines and gonads secrete less of a sea cucumber that are maintained on the basis of substrate fine gravel substrate and without substrate.
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Kisworo, Djoko, Sukirno, and Bulkaini. "Lethality Test of Some Varieties of Sea Cucumber Extract Against Artemia Salina, as Natural Food Additive in Meat-Based Functional Food." AJARCDE | Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment 5, no. 3 (October 10, 2021): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v5i3.73.
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Abstract
Cancer is the main cause of death in the world with the number of sufferers in 2008 as many as 12.7 million with a death rate of 7.6 million people. In Indonesia, it is estimated that there are more than 1 million cancer patients in 2010. One of the ways to prevent cancer is primary prevention by adjusting the pattern and type of food consumed. Functional food introduced by bioactive components from sea cucumbers is an alternative for cancer prevention. The specific objective of this research was to produce meat-based functional foods containing anti-cancer compounds derived from sea cucumbers that can prevent cancer. The preliminary tests conducted were the sea cucumber extract lethality test against Artemia salina, namely the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and the total bacteria of beef meatballs. The results of the observation of the lathality of sea cucumber extract against Artemia salina and total bacteria of the meatball showed that the sea cucumber extract had high lathality against Artemia salina and was able to reduce the total bacteria in meatballs during storage period. The lathality of sea cucumber extract was strongly influenced or stimulated by heating treatment. Based on the BSLT test, of the five types of sea cucumbers, two of them (Holothuria similis and Pearsonothuria graeffei) have high lathality. Sea cucumber extract was also able to inhibit both bacterial and fungal growth in meatballs during storage at room temperature.
Keywords: Beef Meatballs, Total Bacteria, Sea Cucumber, BSLT.
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Sharma, Manan, Gwendolyn Dashiell, Eric T. Handy, Cheryl East, Russell Reynnells, Chanelle White, Esmond Nyarko, Shirley Micallef, Fawzy Hashem, and Patricia D. Millner. "Survival of Salmonella Newport on Whole and Fresh-Cut Cucumbers Treated with Lytic Bacteriophages." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 4 (March 15, 2017): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-449.
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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica associated with consumption of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) has led to foodborne outbreaks in the United States. Whole and fresh-cut cucumbers are susceptible to S. enterica contamination during growing, harvesting, and postharvest handling. The application of lytic bacteriophages specific for S. enterica was evaluated to reduce Salmonella populations on cucumbers. Unwaxed cucumbers (‘Lisboa’ variety, or mini-cucumbers purchased at retail) were inoculated with Salmonella Newport (5 log CFU per cucumber) and were sprayed with 3.2 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (control) or 10 log PFU/ml of SalmoFresh, a Salmonella-specific bacteriophage preparation (phage), to deliver 4.76 × 107 PFU/cm2. Cucumbers were stored at 10 or 22°C for 7 days. Inoculated mini-cucumbers were sliced with a sterile knife to investigate Salmonella transfer to mesocarp, and cut pieces were stored at 4°C for 2 days. Populations (log CFU per cucumber) of Salmonella Newport on phage-treated whole cucumbers were significantly (P < 0.05) smaller (2.44 ± 0.94) than on control-treated cucumbers (4.27 ± 0.37) on day 0. Populations on phage-treated cucumbers stored at 10°C were 1.72 ± 0.77 and 1.56 ± 0.46, which were significantly lower than those on control-treated cucumbers (3.20 ± 0.48 and 2.33 ± 0.25) on days 1 and 4, respectively. Between days 0 and 1, populations on control-treated cucumbers stored at 10 and 22°C declined by 1.07 and 2.47 log CFU per cucumber, respectively. At 22°C, Salmonella Newport populations declined by 2.37 log CFU per cucumber between days 0 and 1. Phage application to whole cucumbers before slicing did not reduce the transfer of Salmonella Newport to fresh-cut slices. Lytic phage application may be a potential intervention to reduce Salmonella populations on whole cucumbers.
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Larson, Sean D., Zachary N. Hoyt, Ginny L. Eckert, and Verena A. Gill. "Impacts of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) predation on commercially important sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus) in southeast Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 10 (October 2013): 1498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0025.
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Sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus), which are an important commercial, subsistence, and ecological resource, are negatively affected by an expanding sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population in southeast Alaska. A few hundred sea otters were reintroduced into southeast Alaska in the late 1960s after their extirpation during the 18th and 19th century fur trade. In the ensuing decades after recolonization, the sea otter population grew exponentially in number and distribution, and sea cucumbers declined in density in areas with otters, suggesting an inverse relationship between sea otter numbers and sea cucumber density. We evaluated the interaction and effects of sea otters on sea cucumbers using sea otter foraging observations, sea otter population survey data, and sea cucumber density data. Our results indicate that sea cucumber density declined with and without sea otter presence and that the extent of the decline depends on the duration and magnitude of sea otter presence, with 100% decline in areas occupied by sea otters since 1994. Sea otter predation should be included in sea cucumber fishery management as a step toward ecosystem-based management.
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Hamamoto, Kohei, Angelo Poliseno, Taha Soliman, and James Davis Reimer. "Shallow epifaunal sea cucumber densities and their relationship with the benthic community in the Okinawa Islands." PeerJ 10 (October 6, 2022): e14181. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14181.
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Sea cucumbers are important ecological engineers in marine ecosystems. However, the fishery demand of some species, especially large-epifaunal and commercially used (LEC) sea cucumbers, has risen drastically, resulting in serious depletion of local populations for many species. Despite this problem, basic ecological data on sea cucumbers, such as population densities and preferred habitats, are often still insufficient. Here, we report on the population densities of multiple LEC sea cucumber species, and their ambient benthic communities at eight sites around Okinawa Islands. Further, we discuss the correspondence between sea cucumber densities and the surrounding coral communities. Our results show two sites within national or quasi-national parks, Aka and Manza, where stricter rules have been placed on fisheries and land reclamation compared to other areas, had the highest and third highest sea cucumber population densities among sites, respectively. Holothuria atra was observed at all survey sites and made up the majority of sea cucumber populations at all sites except for Chatan and Sesoko, where Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus chloronotus were most abundant, respectively. Regarding the relationships between benthic composition and LEC sea cucumber species, S. chloronotus was significantly correlated with dead corals, scleractinian corals, and coralline algae. As well, H. leucospilota had significant correlations with rubble. Although there were no significant correlations between any specific scleractinian coral genus and sea cucumber densities, S. chloronotus was marginally insignificant with Platygyra and Psammocora. Notably, medium- to highly valued species were sparse in our surveys, and most of them appeared at only one site. Additionally, at one site (Odo), only three LEC sea cucumber individuals were observed. Combining these facts with relatively low population densities around the Okinawa Islands compared to densities reported in previous research from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean region, we conclude that Okinawan LEC sea cucumber populations have been and are being impacted by high levels of direct (e.g., overexploitation, as well as coastal development) and indirect anthropogenic pressure (e.g., decreasing water quality). To address the current situation, repeated monitoring and more detailed investigations to reveal the drivers that determine LEC sea cucumber species aggregations and population densities are urgently needed, along with more robust management of remaining LEC sea cucumber populations.
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Ells, James E., and Ann E. McSay. "Allelopathic Effects of Alfalfa Plant Residues on Emergence and Growth of Cucumber Seedlings." HortScience 26, no. 4 (April 1991): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.4.368.
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Growth chamber tests demonstrated that alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) residue is toxic to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seed germination and seedling growth. Ground alfalfa roots at 0.5% (w/w, dry weight) inhibited germination when added to the growing medium. Alfalfa roots at 0.5% were also toxic to pregerminated cucumber seed. However, cucumber seedlings grew normally if this same medium was watered and incubated for >1 day before planting. Alfalfa particle size in media influenced cucumber performance, with the intermediate size (1 to 2 mm) being lethal to cucumbers.
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Guan, Wenjing, Dean Haseman, and Dennis Nowaskie. "Rootstock Evaluation for Grafted Cucumbers Grown in High Tunnels: Yield and Plant Growth." HortScience 55, no. 6 (June 2020): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14867-20.
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Grafting technology is increasingly being accepted in the United States, particularly for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production under protected structures. There is a great potential to expand this technology to other high tunnel crops. Using grafting technology in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) production is widely adopted in Asia to enhance cucumbers’ tolerance to low temperatures. But this technique is rarely used in the United States mainly because of the lack of information on the performance of the grafted plants under local production systems. Figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia), Cucurbita moschata, and squash interspecific hybrid (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) are the most used cucumber rootstocks worldwide. But their comparative performance was largely unknown for cucumber production in high tunnels in the Midwest United States. This study was therefore designed to compare the major types of cucumber rootstocks with the goal of identifying a rootstock with the maximized benefits for high tunnel cucumber production in the area. Nongrafted ‘Socrates’ and ‘Socrates’ grafted with Cucurbita moschata, squash interspecific hybrid, and figleaf gourd rootstocks were evaluated in high tunnels from March to June or July in 2016–19 at the Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center in Vincennes, IN. Transplant establishment, vine growth, and yield in early- and main-crop seasons were investigated. Grafted plants regardless of rootstocks ensured transplant survival even when the soil temperatures were dropped below 10 °C. Suboptimal soil conditions were encountered in the first month after transplanting. Grafted cucumbers with squash interspecific hybrid rootstock significantly increased vine growth from March to April and increased early-season yields (yield before 15 May) by 1.8 to 18.2 times compared with the early-season yields of the nongrafted cucumbers. The benefits provided by using grafting technology dismissed around middle May. Only squash interspecific hybrid rootstock improved cucumber yields in the entire production seasons. Cucumbers grafted with figleaf gourd rootstock had the lowest yield and the least plant growth after mid-May, indicating figleaf gourd rootstock may not be suitable for cucumber production under the current production system. Overall, squash interspecific hybrid was the most promising rootstock for early-season high tunnel cucumber production in the Midwest United States.
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Hanna, H. Y., P. D. Colyer, T. L. Kirkpatrick, D. J. Romaine, and P. R. Vernon. "Feasibility of Improving Cucumber Yield without Chemical Control in Soils Susceptible to Nematode Buildup." HortScience 29, no. 10 (October 1994): 1136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.10.1136.
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Studies were conducted for 2 years in root-knot-nematode-infested soils to determine growth and yield response of `Dasher II' cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) to double-cropping with nematode-resistant tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), using nematode-free cucumber transplants and preplant treatment with ethoprop nematicide. Cucumbers grown following the nematode-resistant `Celebrity' tomato during the same season produced significantly more plant dry weight, more fruit per plant, and higher premium and total yields than did cucumbers double-cropped with the nematode-susceptible `Heatwave' tomato in both years. The cucumber produced longer stems in 1992 and fewer culls in 1993 following resistant tomatoes. Cucumber plants raised in nematode-free soilless mix for 3 weeks before transplanting produced significantly longer stems and more plant dry weight than did direct-seeded cucumbers in 1992, but not in 1993; however, they produced significantly higher premium yield in both years, and higher total yield, more fruit per plant, and fewer culls in 1993. Preplant treatment with ethoprop significantly increased cucumber stem length, dry weight, premium and total yield, and number of fruit per plant in 1992 but not in 1993. Ethoprop treatment had no effect on the percentage of culls in either year. Chemical name used: O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate (ethoprop).
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WElkner, Krystyna, and Jerzy Szwejda. "Effect of pesticide mixture on value of fresh, fermented and pickles cucumbers." Acta Agrobotanica 54, no. 1 (2013): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2001.016.
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In years 1998-1999 effects of fungicides (azoxystrobin and copper hydroxide), insecticides (etafenproks and pirimicarb) and their mixtures on chemical composition and organoleptic quality of fresh, fermented and pickled cucumbers were studied_ To analyses fruits were taken after 7 and 12 days from treatment. Fresh cucumber fruits after 7 days from treatment with investigated pesticides contained less carbohydrates and ascorbic acids and higher level of nitrates in compare to untreated fruits (control). After 12 days from treatment the differences between treated and untreated fruits dissapeared. Cucumber fruits harvested 7 and 12 days after treatment were processed separately. Quality evaluation of fermented and pickled cucumbers was carried out 4 months after processing. In most of cucumber fruits (7 days after treatment with pesticides) treated with pesticides empty cavities were found, and not in control (untreated). Number of cavities was highest in fresh and pickled cucumbers treated with mixture of fungicide and insecticide. In case of fermented cucumbers highest number of empty cavities occurred in fruits treated with fungicide azoxystrobin. Cucumber fruits taken to fermentation process 7 days after day of treatment had darker green colour, lowered haIdness, and larger empty cavities than untreated fruits. In fruits harvested 12 days after pesticides application such differencess were not observed.
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Rodriguez Izaba, Orlando F., Wenjing Guan, and Ariana P. Torres. "Economic Analysis of Growing Grafted Cucumber Plants for High Tunnel Production." HortTechnology 31, no. 2 (April 2021): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04747-20.
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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most important vegetables produced and consumed in the United States. In the midwestern United States, a major obstacle to spring cucumber production is low soil temperatures during plant establishment. High tunnel is a popular tool for season extension of vegetable production. Low soil temperature is a challenge for cucumber production even inside high tunnels. Grafting is a cultural practice known to help control soilborne diseases and improve plants’ tolerance to abiotic stresses. Recent studies found that using grafted cucumber plants with cold-tolerant rootstocks greatly benefited early-season seedless cucumber production in high tunnels. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic feasibility of growing grafted cucumber in high tunnels. A comparison of partial costs and returns between growing grafted and nongrafted cucumbers in a high tunnel in Vincennes, IN, was conducted. Data were used to develop a partial budget analysis and sensitivity tests. Data included production costs, marketable yield, and price of cucumber through different market channels. This study provided a baseline reference for growers interested in grafting seedless cucumber and for high tunnel production. Although costs of grafted transplants were higher, their yield and potential revenue helped to offset the higher costs. Results indicated that grafting can help farmers increase net returns through the increasing yield of grafted plants. Results from the sensitivity analysis illustrated how the increased yield of grafted cucumbers offsets the extra cost incurred in the technique while providing a higher revenue. While actual production costs for individual farmers may vary, our findings suggested that grafting can be an economically feasible tool for high tunnel seedless cucumber production.
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Ohoiwutun, Maria Kristina, Santi Penina Tua Rahantoknam, Mariana Yermina Beruatjaan, and Meyske Angel Rahantoknam. "Diversification of Sea Cucumber (Holothuria Scabra) Through Pempek Sensoric Test." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1104, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1104/1/012028.
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Abstract A person's level of preference for a food product is largely determined by the raw materials and processing methods. One of the food products with high economic value and potential nutritional value is the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. H. scabra has potential nutritional value to be developed as a [1] healthy food. So far, sea cucumber products are only processed in dry form. This study aims to study the process of processing pempek made from fresh sea cucumbers (wet) and determine the level of preference of the panelists through a sensory test of pempek made from fresh sea cucumbers. Holothuria scabra used is H. scabra. This research method is an experimental method using Independent Samples T Test analysis. Sensory testing was carried out using a hedonic scale [2] using 30 untrained panelists. Assessment parameters include: appearance, smell, taste, and texture. The rating scale used is 9 = like very much, 8 = like very much, 7 = like, 6 = like somewhat, and 5 are neutral. The results showed that the sea cucumber pempek was highly favored by the panelists. The level of preference for the appearance of pempek sea cucumbers at the Watuar location was 8.3% and the Tutrean location was 8.27%; the smell of sea cucumber pempek at Watuar and Tutrean locations 8%; the taste of sea cucumber pempek at the Watuar location was 8.3% and the Tutrean location was 8.2%; and the texture of the sea cucumber pempek at the Watuar location 8.03% and the Tutrean location 8.17%.
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Yulika Sari, T. Ersti, Sri Novalina Amrizal, Wahyu Muzammil, Yulia Oktavia, Tetty Tetty, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa, Dwi Septiani Putri, et al. "Pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa Benan dalam peningkatan mutu Teripang sebagai komoditas unggulan desa melalui sosialisasi penanganan pascapanen." Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement 3 (April 12, 2022): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/unricsce.3.636-643.
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Sea cucumbers which have the scientific name Holothuroidea are fishery commodities that have high economic value and are in great demand in the global market. Sea cucumbers are the main commodity of Benan Village which is the outermost island of Lingga district. Most of the people in Benan Village work as sea cucumber fishermen. As an aquatic resource owned by the village, sea cucumbers are still constrained in terms of handling so that it reduces the selling value of the dried sea cucumbers produced. Therefore, it is important to empower the people of Benan Village regarding the postharvest handling of sea cucumbers which aims to improve the quality as well as directly increase the selling value of that resources. Community empowerment activities are expected to add insight and improve the ability of the Benan Village community in handling sea cucumbers post-harvest. Empowerment was carried out through three methods, namely the distribution of questionnaires and discussions in the form of questions and answers with the Benan Village community group regarding the problem process in handling post-harvest sea cucumbers, which was carried out after distributing questionnaires to the sea cucumber aquaculture community, then education and discussion on good procedures were carried out in post-harvest handling. To improve the quality of this sea cucumber commodity, then in the third stage, mentoring and practice regarding the correct handling of sea cucumbers is carried out to produce good quality sea cucumbers from washing to packaging. The selection of discussion methods, lectures/education, and direct practice is considered effective in increasing public knowledge about the process of handling sea cucumbers postharvest properly and correctly, considering that the target stakeholders are sea cucumber farmers.
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Hanna, H. Y. "Cucumbers Planted Immediately after the Termination of a Nematode-resistant Tomato Cultivar Produce Higher Yields." HortTechnology 12, no. 2 (January 2002): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.2.211.
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In the southern United States, the polyethylene-mulched and drip-irrigated beds remaining after the last harvest of fresh-market tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) offer the potential for producing a cucumber (Cucumis sativus) crop to increase grower profit. A 2-year study of double-cropping cucumbers with `Celebrity' (nematode-resistant) and `Heatwave' (nematode-susceptible) tomato cultivars was conducted at the Red River Research Station in northwestern Louisiana to assess the benefits of this system and to determine how soon cucumbers should be planted following the termination of the tomato crop. Results indicated that cucumbers planted after `Celebrity' produced significantly greater premium and total yields per acre than did cucumbers planted after `Heatwave'. Plant fresh weight of cucumbers was greater and the percentage of galled roots was smaller when planted after `Celebrity' than when planted after `Heatwave'. Planting dates had significant effects on cucumber yield. Cucumbers planted in early July, immediately after the termination of the tomato crop produced the highest yield. Cucumbers planted in early August, 1 month after terminating the tomato crop produced an intermediate yield, and cucumbers planted in September, 2 months after the termination of the tomato crop, produced the lowest yield. A gradual decline of plant fresh weight and a gradual increase of galled-root percentage resulted from delaying cucumber planting beyond the July month. Year of planting had no significant effect on cucumber productivity, but it did influence plant fresh weight and the percentage of galled roots significantly. Average minimum temperature in September was lower than the minimum safe temperature for growing cucumbers. The combined effect of higher temperature and lower percentage of galled roots may have contributed to the increased yield of cucumbers planted in July.
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Baker-Médard, Merrill, and Kristina Natalia Ohl. "Sea cucumber management strategies: challenges and opportunities in a developing country context." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 4 (July 24, 2019): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892919000183.
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SummarySea cucumbers play a critical role in maintaining healthy marine ecosystems. Sea cucumbers are also a key source of income for millions of small-scale fishers worldwide. The lucrative nature of this industry has led to severe reductions in sea cucumber populations in numerous regions globally. A large proportion of sea cucumber fisheries are located in developing countries, which present unique challenges to management, including addressing highly decentralized methods of extraction and processing, limited economic and technological resources for governance and, in many cases, a high dependency on sea cucumbers as a primary source of income for small-scale coastal fishers. In this review, we review the benefits and challenges of seven categories of sea cucumber management strategies used globally in developing countries, including gear restrictions, size and weight limits, effort and catch controls, temporal closures, area closures, value chain licensing and territorial use rights in fisheries. We conclude that sea cucumber management in developing countries could benefit from focusing regulatory solutions on narrowed parts of the value chain, coupling production-based management strategies with processing and export regulations and providing avenues for local fishers to inform policy at the local, regional and national levels.
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Kosson, Ryszard. "The effect of storage temperature of cucumber fruit on chlorophyll fluorescence." Acta Agrobotanica 53, no. 1 (2013): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2000.007.
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The effect of three storage temperature levels: 12,5°C, 20°C, and 1,5°C on basic indexes of chlorophyll fluorescence of cucumber fruits was studied. The greenhouse grown cucumber fruits cv. Wiktor F1 were stored in perforated polyethylene bags or without packages. The minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fo), maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fm), variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv) and relative variable fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of the cucumber peel were measured. Relative variable fluorescence was decTeasing when cucumbers were stored at temperature lower or higher than optimum level. The chlorophyll fluorescence measurements can be helpful for determination of appropriate temperature parameters of cucumber storage.
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Ridhowati, Sherly, Fransiska Rungkat Zakaria, Dahrul Syah, and Ekowati Chasanah. "SEA CUCUMBER AS ANTICANCER AGENTS AND ITS DEVELOPMENT FOR FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCTS." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (December 7, 2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v9i2.96.
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Indonesia is popularly known as sea cucumber (teripang) exporter in the form of dried teripang. Commonly known as beche-de-mer or gamat, sea cucumber has long been used as medicine and food by Asian and Middle East people. Recent study has shown that sea cucumbers contain active compounds that show potential health benefits and other biological properties such as antibacterial and antifungal products, anticoagulants, antihypertensives, immuno modulation, inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. It was reported that sea cucumber posses aphrodisiacs, potentially improve immunity, anticancer and anticoagulation. Sea cucumber is also rich in collagen as a component of connective tissue which can further be converted into smaller molecule and act as bioactive substances. This review presents the potential of sea cucumber as a functional food especially to prevent cancer and strategy to develop sea cucumber-based functional food by enzymatic hydrolysis and in vivo study.
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Kang, Suk Won, Kang Jin Lee, and Ho Young Lee. "Nondestructive Cucumber Quality Evaluation System Using Machine Vision." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1205.
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This study was aimed at developing a new quality evaluation system for classifying the cucumber based on its length and curvature, and removing the taper and dumbbell shaped cucumbers using the thickness changes. Especially machine vision technique was used in carrying out field application. The cucumber image was obtained from a frame grabber, and the image was improved by minimizing the nonuniform illumination and image blurring due to line movement. From the obtained image, background was separated from the original image, and cucumber length and curvature was calculated after thinning and post-processing operation. After thinning operation, cucumber region was sliced and the thickness was calculated. From the thickness calculation, cucumber can be classified as straight, cudgel and dumbbell shape. The classification rate for bowing was close to 100%. The overall average recognition rate for good, dumbbell and cudgel cucumber fruits was 90.7%
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Hanna, H. Y., T. L. Kirkpatrick, and P. D. Colyer. "Maximum Improvement of Cucumber Yield is Expected if Planted Shortly Following Nematode-resistant Tomatoes in Soils Susceptible to Nematode Buildup." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 755A—755. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.755a.
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Our previous studies have indicated that improving cucumber yield in nematode-infested soil is feasible without chemical control if planted after nematode-resistant tomatoes. The current study was conducted to determine the length of time this beneficial effect might last. Results indicate that planting cucumbers shortly after the last harvest of nematode-resistant tomatoes (July) significantly increased the premium and marketable yields. Nematode injury to the cucumber root system was extremely low. Cucumbers planted 1 month later (August) also produced higher premium and marketable yields and sustained less injury to the root system. However, yield improvements and root injury reduction of cucumbers planted 1 month later were not of the same magnitude noticed of cucumber planted shortly after the termination of the tomato crop. These results may indicate a tendency of a gradual nematode buildup in the soil previously planted with the nematode-resistant tomatoes.
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Maboko, Martin M., Christian Phillipus Du Plooy, and Silence Chiloane. "Yield and Mineral Content of Hydroponically Grown Mini-Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as Affected by Reduced Nutrient Concentration and Foliar Fertilizer Application." HortScience 52, no. 12 (December 2017): 1728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12496-17.
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Nutrient application is one of the major inputs required for hydroponic production of cucumbers. Reduced nutrient solution concentration with supplementary foliar fertilizer application may maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumber, while decreasing the production costs. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer in combination with reduced nutrient concentrations on the yield and quality of hydroponically grown mini-cucumber in a plastic tunnel. Mini-cucumber plants were grown in sawdust, fertigated with nutrient solutions containing 100% (control), 75%, 50%, or 25% of the recommended nutrient concentration (NC) and two foliar fertilizer applications (no foliar and foliar application). The highest fresh and dry weight of mini-cucumber plants were obtained with 75% and 100% NC and decreased with 50% to 25% NC application. The number of marketable fruit and marketable yield on mini-cucumbers increased with 75% to 100% NC, followed by 50% NC, as compared with 25% NC. Deformed fruit were significantly lower at 25% NC than at 50%, 75%, and 100% NC. Foliar fertilizer application did not have an effect on mini-cucumber yield, but reduced the yellowing of fruit. Fruit mineral content (P, Fe, and Mn) was significantly improved by 100% NC. Improvement in yield at 75% and 100% NC was as a result of improved plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, plant fresh and dry weight, and the increase in nutrient uptake of N, P, K, and Mn, which was evident in the analysis of cucumber leaves. The reduced NC of 75% can maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumbers, whereas the application of foliar fertilizer had a limited effect.
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Chang, Jinming, Li Dou, Yu Ye, and Kankan Zhang. "Reduction in the Residues of Penthiopyrad in Processed Edible Vegetables by Various Soaking Treatments and Health Hazard Evaluation in China." Foods 12, no. 4 (February 19, 2023): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040892.
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Tomato and cucumber are two vital edible vegetables that usually appear in people’s daily diet. Penthiopyrad is a new type of amide chiral fungicide, which is often used for disease control of vegetables (including tomato and cucumber) due to its wide bactericidal spectrum, low toxicity, good penetration, and strong internal absorption. Extensive application of penthiopyrad may have caused potential pollution in the ecosystem. Different processing methods can remove pesticide residues from vegetables and protect human health. In this study, the penthiopyrad removal efficiency of soaking and peeling from tomatoes and cucumbers was evaluated under different conditions. Among different soaking methods, heated water soaking and water soaking with additives (NaCl, acetic acid, and surfactant) presented a more effective reduction ability than other treatments. Due to the specific physicochemical properties of tomatoes and cucumbers, the ultrasound enhances the removal rate of soaking for tomato samples and inhibits it for cucumber samples. Peeling can remove approximately 90% of penthiopyrad from contaminated tomato and cucumber samples. Enantioselectivity was found only during tomato sauce storage, which may be related to the complex microbial community. Health risk assessment data suggests that tomatoes and cucumbers are safer for consumers after soaking and peeling. The results may provide consumers with some useful information to choose better household processing methods to remove penthiopyrad residues from tomatoes, cucumbers, and other edible vegetables.
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Rudnieva, T., T. Shevchenko, A. Shevchenko, and I. Budzanivska. "Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in agroecosystems of Ukraine." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 76, no. 2 (2018): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/10.17721/1728_2748.2018.76.71-78.
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Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a widespread pathogen capable of infecting plants cultivated in both greenhouse and openfield conditions with equal efficiency. The host range of CGMMV is restricted to cucurbit plants whereas induced crop losses may reach 25–50 %. Despite the wide array of available antiviral techniques, CGMMV could not be completely removed from the seed/planting material. In Ukraine, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus occurs almost exclusively on greenhouse cucumbers. However, data from other countries suggest wide spread of CGMMV on watermelons, melons, cucumbers and squashes grown in both greenhouse and open-field conditions. In this view and taking into account high pathogenicity of CGMMV, we aimed at studying spread of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in Ukraine on cucurbit plants in the open-field conditions. Methods: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy, statistical methods. Results : Spread of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) on cucurbit vegetable crops grown in open-field conditions was analyzed in Ukraine. It was shown that CGMMV is an extremely rare pathogen in open-field conditions in our country. Duringthelast 8 years we have confirmed only several cases of CGMMV infection on cucumbers, squash, pumpkin and melon in Kyiv and Poltava regions. Additionally, half of these cases were mixed infection of 2–3 viruses. From 250 collected samples, CGMMV was detected in 5 plants totaling to only 2,4 %. Importantly, monoinfection of CGMMV was shown exclusively on cucumbers and watermelons, whereas melons and squashes were mixed infected. Melons were typically infected with CGMMV and Watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV 2) or with WMV 2 and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Squash plants were infected with CGMMV and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).Consequently, we have checked commercially available seeds of cucumber, squash, zucchini, melon and watermelon from different producers in Ukraine for virus contamination and have confirmed the occurrence of CGMMV in some seed batches. Conclusions: Long-term observations in Ukraine showed that Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infected mostly cucumbers cultivated in greenhouses and was only rarely found in cucurbits grown in open-field conditions. Screening of commercially available seed material indicated that 16 % of it was contaminated with CGMMV. Basing on available data, it is presumed that virus-contaminated seed material may pose a major threat of CGMMV occurrence and spread on cucurbits cultivated in open-field conditions.
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Meyer, Karen M., Greg L. Davis, and James R. Steadman. "627 Using a Toxic Bait and a Trap Crop for the Control of Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetles and Bacterial Wilt of Cucumbers." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 555D—555. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.555d.
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The toxic bait, Adios, was tested with the use of a trap crop in a field experiment at the Univ. of Nebraska during Summer 1998. The insecticide contains the secondary plant metabolites known as cucurbitacins that are highly attractive to the striped and spotted cucumber beetles, Acalymma vittatum and Diabrotica undecimuncata howardi, respectively. These beetles serve as the vector of the bacterial pathogen, Erwinia tracheiphila, which causes severe wilting and eventual death of susceptible cucurbits. The objective of the study was to determine whether treatments of Adios, when applied to a flowering trap crop of resistant squash plants, would lure the cucumber beetles away from the susceptible cucumber plants and reduce bacterial wilt. The study compared the effectiveness of a sprayed trap crop, the direct application of Adios to the cucumber plants and no treatment in a randomized complete-block design. A greater number of beetles were attracted to the sprayed and untreated cucumbers compared to the cucumbers surrounded by the treated trap plants. However, significant numbers of dead beetles were found near the sprayed cucumber plants. Untreated plants showed more feeding damage, diminished fruit quality, and an earlier observation date of wilt symptoms as compared to the other treatments. The treated trap plants and the direct application of Adios were effective in delaying infection in cucumbers compared to the untreated plants in the experimental plots. This treatment may be useful to home gardeners.
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Li, Shuang, Yan Zhou, Liming Sun, Yanjie Wang, Shuang Song, Chunqing Ai, and Jingfeng Yang. "Effects of Storage Method on the Quality of Processed Sea Cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus)." Foods 11, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 4098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244098.
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This research aimed to establish an effective storage method to maintain the quality of processed sea cucumbers. In this study, sea cucumbers were stored by various methods including the storage of live sea cucumbers (seawater treatment, oxygen treatment, and ascorbic acid treatment) and the storage of dead sea cucumbers (frozen treatment). The sea cucumber quality was monitored after storage and boiling. The weightlessness rate and WHC of the frozen group increased to 86.96% ± 0.83% and 93.29% ± 0.32%, respectively. Frozen sea cucumbers shrunk with the meat’s textural properties deteriorated. During the live sea cucumber storage, the tissue protein degraded from day 3 to day 7 which led to the promotion of TVB-N. Among these, the oxygen group showed the smallest TVB-N increase from day 0 (3.78 ± 0.60 mg 100 g−1) to day 7 (10.40 ± 0.12 mg 100 g−1). The oxygen group exhibited the most moderate change in weightlessness rate (4.24% ± 0.45%) and the most moderate texture parameters decline, such as the hardness of 32.52%, chewiness of 78.98 ± 5.10 N, and adhesion of 0.84 ± 0.00. The oxygen method showed the best condition of sea cucumber after 5 days of storage.
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Schultheis, Jonathan R., John T. Ambrose, Stephen B. Bambara, and Wyatt A. Mangum. "Selective Bee Attractants Did Not Improve Cucumber and Watermelon Yield." HortScience 29, no. 3 (March 1994): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.3.155.
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The effectiveness of two commercial bee attractants, Bee-Scent and Beeline, for enhancing pollination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] was evaluated by counting the number of bee visitations to blossoms of cucumber and watermelon and their effect(s) on fruit quality, yield, and crop profitability. In 1989, Bee-Scent was tested in a commercial pickling cucumber field. In 1990, watermelon plots were sprayed with Bee-Scent and Beeline and compared with a nontreated control. The compounds did not improve bee visitations for either pickling cucumbers or watermelons. There was no significant improvement in cucumber or watermelon yield or monetary returns.
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Owoyemi, Abiola, Ron Porat, and Victor Rodov. "Effects of Compostable Packaging and Perforation Rates on Cucumber Quality during Extended Shelf Life and Simulated Farm-to-Fork Supply-Chain Conditions." Foods 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020471.
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Cucumbers are highly perishable and suffer from moisture loss, shriveling, yellowing, peel damage, and decay. Plastic packaging helps to preserve cucumber quality, but harms the environment. We examined the use of compostable modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with different perforation rates as a possible replacement for conventional plastic packaging materials. The results indicate that all of the tested types of packaging reduced cucumber weight loss and shriveling. However, compostable MAP with micro-perforations that created a modified atmosphere of between 16–18% O2 and 3–5% CO2 most effectively preserved cucumber quality, as demonstrated by reduced peel pitting, the reduced appearance of warts and the inhibition of yellowing and decay development. Overall, micro-perforated compostable packaging extended the storage life of cucumbers under both extended shelf conditions and simulated farm-to-fork supply-chain conditions and thus may serve as a replacement for the plastic packaging currently used to preserve the postharvest quality of cucumbers.
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McMurtrie, Erin K., and Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier. "Quality of Cucumbers Commercially Fermented in Calcium Chloride Brine without Sodium Salts." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8051435.
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Commercial cucumber fermentation produces large volumes of salty wastewater. This study evaluated the quality of fermented cucumbers produced commercially using an alternative calcium chloride (CaCl2) brining process. Fermentation conducted in calcium brines (0.1 M CaCl2, 6 mM potassium sorbate, equilibrated) with a starter culture was compared to standard industrial fermentation. Production variables included commercial processor(n=6), seasonal variation (June–September, 2 years), vessel size (10,000–40,000 L), cucumber size (2.7–5.1 cm diameter), and bulk storage time (55–280 days). Cucumber mesocarp firmness, color, bloater defects, pH, and organic acids were measured. Complete lactic acid fermentation was achieved, resulting in terminal fermentation pH values of 3.23 ± 0.09 and 3.30 ± 0.12 for CaCl2and NaCl processes, respectively. On average, CaCl2brined, fermented cucumbers were 1.8 N less firm, which remained significant in the finished product(P<0.0001). Color differences evidenced by higher hue and lower chroma values(P<0.0269)were consistent with increased photooxidation in CaCl2brined cucumbers. Commercial implementation of CaCl2brines for cucumber fermentation in open tanks variably resulted in texture and color defects that can impact product quality. Additional research is needed to understand the atypical softening observed at the commercial scale and identify process controls for quality improvements.
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Floren, Adonis, Ken-ichi Hayashizaki, Piyalap Tuntiprapas, and Anchana Prathep. "Modeling of the Elements Ca2+, Mg2+ and Si in the Sediments and the Body Walls of Sea Cucumbers in the Tropical Seagrass Meadows." Diversity 15, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020146.
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The interrelationship of the minerals calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and silicon (Si) in the sediments and in the body walls of four tropical sea cucumber species was explored by modeling the concentrations of these minerals. The elemental concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Si were measured in the body walls and in the ambient sediments occupied by the sea cucumbers Holothuria scabra, H. leucospilota, H. atra and Bohadschia marmorata. The results indicate that the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the body walls of the four sea cucumber species are significantly different from each other, indicating a varying degree of biomineralization across sea cucumber taxa. In contrast, only B. marmorata showed a significant difference in the concentration of Si when compared to the rest of the species tested. Further analysis using linear mixed models revealed that the Ca2+, Mg2+ and Si concentrations in the body walls of the tested sea cucumber species are associated with the sediment concentrations of the same elements. The relatively high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the sediments indicate that these minerals are sufficiently high in sea cucumbers to support their biomineralization. The relationship between the Mg/Ca ratio in the body walls of the sea cucumbers and minerals in the sediments revealed that Si was the only mineral that was not correlated with the Mg/Ca ratio. Predicting the relationship of the elements Ca2+, Mg2+ and Si between the sediments and the body walls of sea cucumbers may be complex due to the various factors that influence the metabolism and biomineralization in sea cucumbers.
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Caldwell, John, and Maurice Ogutu. "490 Effects of Rye–Vetch No-till and Habitat Strips and Black Plastic Mulch on Insect Densities, Weed Control, and Freshmarket Cucumber Growth and Yield." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 478E—479. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.478e.
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Greater plant diversity is associated with reduced insect pest pressure, but field-scale vegetable production systems incorporating plant diversity have been lacking. Cucumber was grown in 1998 and 1999 at the Virginia Tech Kentland experimental farm, by direct seeding or transplanting into rye/vetch mixture rolled to make a no-till mulch alternating with strips of vetch left to flower as a habitat for beneficial insects between cucumber rows, or direct-seeded into black plastic mulch between habitat strips or with bare soil between rows. Rye and hairy vetch were seeded at 56 kg·ha–1 each the preceding fall; only rye was planted in plots without habitats. A rippled coulter, cutting shank, and daisy wheels mounted on a tractor-drawn toolbar enabled a belt-driven seeder to seed cucumbers without pulling the no-till mulch. One hand weeding in cucumber rows at 3 weeks after planting (WAP) provided weed control equivalent to pre-emergence herbicide. At 3 WAP, no-till transplanted cucumbers had higher above-ground plant dry weights than no-till direct seeded cucumbers in both years, but, at 6 WAP, cucumber above-ground plant dry weights were equal (1999) or higher (1998) in direct seeded no-till than in transplanted no-till or black plastic mulch on bare soil. In 1999, Pennsylvania leatherwings, Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus DeG. (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a cucumber beetle predator, had higher densities and cucumber beetles lower densities in no-till plots than in black plastic mulch plots, and bacterial wilt incidence was reduced in plots with habitat strips and no insecticide application compared to plots without habitat strips and four insecticide applications. Cumulative marketable yields in no-till were 59% higher in 1998 and 23% higher in 1999 compared to yields on black plastic mulch.
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Sukmiwati, M., M. Ilza, A. Diharmi, and S. Sherrin. "Antibacterial Activity of Sea Cucumber (Stichopus ocellatus) Against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli Bacteria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 934, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/934/1/012024.
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Abstract Sea cucumber (Stichopus ocellatus) is one of the bioresources that has not been utilized optimally. Samples were collected in the coastal sea of Lengkang Island, Batam. This study was aimed to determine the bioactive compound and antibacterial activity of sea cucumber extract against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. The research method used was an experiment with a series of experiments, namely the extraction of sea cucumbers with ethanol as a solvent. Parameter analysis were identification of bioactive compound (phytochemical) and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli using well diffusion method. The treatment for the antibacterial activity test used various extract concentrations consisting of 125, 250, 375, and 500 g/mL with three replications. The results of the identification of the bioactive compounds of sea cucumber extract showed that the ethanolic extract of sea cucumbers contained saponins, alkaloids, and phenolics. The analysis of the antibacterial activity of the sea cucumber extract showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone of the ethanol extract at a solvent ratio of 1: 5 (w/v) and at a concentration of 500µ/mL against B. cereus was 14.66 ± 0.37mm and E. coli was 15.45. ±0.17mm. The results showed that the highest antibacterial activity of sea cucumber extract against E. coli bacteria.
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Ardiansyah, Ardi. "Ekstraksi dan Formulasi Suspensi Oral Teripang Holothuria scabra sebagai Sumber Antioksidan." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2016.v1i1.42.
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<strong>Extraction and Oral Suspension Formulation of Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra as Source of Antioxidants.</strong> Sea cucumbers have long been utilized in the food and medicine for Asia and Middle East communities. Indonesia is one of the main suppliers in the trade of sea cucumbers in Asia. Sea cucumber utilization in Indonesia is generally done only in the form of raw materials. Holothuria scabra is one of the sea cucumber that can be explored as a potential source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber H.scabra in extract and suspension. Sea cucumber was extracted with methanol 96% and ethanol 96%, then both antioxidant activity was tested. Extract with higher antioxidant activity were made into oral suspension preparation for further evaluation of the stability (organoleptic, pH, microorganisms) and antioxidant testing. The results showed that ethanol extracts had higher antioxidant activity of methanol extract, but still lower than ascorbic acid. Based on the calculation, IC<sub>50 </sub>of methanol extract was 316.85 ppm and ethanol extract was 130.54 ppm, while ascorbic acid showed IC<sub>50</sub> 34.06 ppm. The most stable formula (F1a) shows that there is still an antioxidant activity that is equal to 42.11 %.