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1
Hughes, Janice M. "Taxonomic significance of host-egg mimicry by facultative brood parasites of the avian genus Coccyzus (Cuculidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-764.
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Black-billed (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) and Yellow-billed (C. americanus) cuckoos are facultative brood parasites that occasionally lay their eggs in the nests of 10 and 11 other bird species, respectively. This study demonstrates that both cuckoo species produce blue–green eggs that fully or nearly match the eggs of over 70% of their reported host species, a proportion significantly greater than if hosts were being selected at random from the potential host pool. These results suggest that the cuckoos may be selecting hosts on the basis of their egg colour, and support a hypothesis of egg mimicry. Since egg mimicry is unlikely to evolve in a facultative parasite, its existence in Coccyzus would imply a historically intense relationship between these birds and their hosts. This hypothesis is corroborated by recent phylogenetic analyses which suggest that the ancestral Coccyzus was an obligate parasite. Factors responsible for the loss of obligate parasitism in this genus may also have contributed to the general paucity of obligate parasitism in New World cuckoos. Competitive exclusion or resistance to invasion by parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus spp.) should be considered.
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Barrero, Adrián, Julia Gómez-Catasús, Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa, Juan Traba, Julia Zurdo, and Margarita Reverter. "First documented case of Tawny Pipit <em>Anthus campestris</em> nest parasitism by Common Cuckoo <em>Cuculus canorus</em> in Spanish steppes." Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia 92, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rio.2022.634.
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Interspecific brood or nest parasitism is a relatively common breeding behavior in birds. Through this reproductive tactic, brood-parasites avoid the costs associated with raising and maintaining chicks by laying their eggs in the nests of the host species in which they are specialized. The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) follows this brood parasite strategy. Female cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other bird species, mimicking egg shape, size, and color of the host species. In this paper we report the first documented case of parasitism of tawny pipit nests by the common cuckoo in Spanish steppe habitats, where no record of parasitism on this species has been reported to date.
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Saino, Nicola, Diego Rubolini, Esa Lehikoinen, Leonid V. Sokolov, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Roberto Ambrosini, Giuseppe Boncoraglio, and Anders P. Møller. "Climate change effects on migration phenology may mismatch brood parasitic cuckoos and their hosts." Biology Letters 5, no. 4 (May 14, 2009): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0312.
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Phenological responses to climate change vary among taxa and across trophic levels. This can lead to a mismatch between the life cycles of ecologically interrelated populations (e.g. predators and prey), with negative consequences for population dynamics of some of the interacting species. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that climate change might disrupt the association between the life cycles of the common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ), a migratory brood parasitic bird, and its hosts. We investigated changes in timing of spring arrival of the cuckoo and its hosts throughout Europe over six decades, and found that short-distance, but not long-distance, migratory hosts have advanced their arrival more than the cuckoo. Hence, cuckoos may keep track of phenological changes of long-distance, but not short-distance migrant hosts, with potential consequences for breeding of both cuckoo and hosts. The mismatch to some of the important hosts may contribute to the decline of cuckoo populations and explain some of the observed local changes in parasitism rates of migratory hosts.
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Holmes, Richard T., and Harry F. Recher. "Search Tactics of Insectivorous Birds Foraging in an Australian Eucalypt Forest." Auk 103, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.3.515.
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Abstract The different ways birds searched for food in an Australian Eucalyptus forest led them to detect and capture different kinds of prey. Five major searching modes were identified among 23 common, mostly insectivorous bird species. These were distinguished largely by the rates, distances, and angles moved by birds while foraging and by their prey-capture behavior. Some bird species typically moved slowly, visually examining substrates at relatively long distances, and then took flight to capture prey (e.g. whistlers, flycatchers, muscicapid robins, cuckoos). Others moved at more rapid rates and either gleaned small prey from nearby substrates (e.g. thornbills, treecreepers) or flushed insects that were then pursued (e.g. fantails). Two species (Eastern Shrike-Tit, Falcunculus frontatus; White-eared Honeyeater, Meliphaga leucotis) were specialized substrate-restricted searchers, seeking invertebrate and carbohydrate foods among the exfoliating bark of Eucalyptus. The search tactics of birds in this south temperate Australian forest were similar to those of birds in a north temperate forest in New Hampshire, USA, previously reported by Robinson and Holmes (1982). The differences in food-searching behavior between these phylogenetically distinct avifaunas (e.g. search flight and prey-attack flight lengths, hop/flight ratios, foraging rates) reflect the effects of unique foliage structures (e.g. spacing of branches, arrangements of leaves) and food resources at each site. These findings support the hypothesis that habitat structure and food availability provide opportunities and constraints on how birds search for and capture food in forest habitats. These in turn are postulated to affect the success of particular bird species exploiting those habitats and thus influence bird community patterns.
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Caves, Eleanor M., Martin Stevens, Edwin S. Iversen, and Claire N. Spottiswoode. "Hosts of avian brood parasites have evolved egg signatures with elevated information content." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1810 (July 7, 2015): 20150598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0598.
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Hosts of brood-parasitic birds must distinguish their own eggs from parasitic mimics, or pay the cost of mistakenly raising a foreign chick. Egg discrimination is easier when different host females of the same species each lay visually distinctive eggs (egg ‘signatures’), which helps to foil mimicry by parasites. Here, we ask whether brood parasitism is associated with lower levels of correlation between different egg traits in hosts, making individual host signatures more distinctive and informative. We used entropy as an index of the potential information content encoded by nine aspects of colour, pattern and luminance of eggs of different species in two African bird families (Cisticolidae parasitized by cuckoo finches Anomalospiza imberbis , and Ploceidae by diederik cuckoos Chrysococcyx caprius ). Parasitized species showed consistently higher entropy in egg traits than did related, unparasitized species. Decomposing entropy into two variation components revealed that this was mainly driven by parasitized species having lower levels of correlation between different egg traits, rather than higher overall levels of variation in each individual egg trait. This suggests that irrespective of the constraints that might operate on individual egg traits, hosts can further improve their defensive ‘signatures' by arranging suites of egg traits into unpredictable combinations.
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Møller, Anders Pape, Federico Morelli, Yanina Benedetti, Timothy Mousseau, Tongping Su, Bo Zhou, Piotr Tryjanowski, and Wei Liang. "Multiple species of cuckoos are superior predictors of bird species richness in Asia." Ecosphere 8, no. 11 (November 2017): e02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2003.
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Payne, Robert B., Ian Rowley, and Laura L. Payne. "Splendid Wren Malurus Splendens Response To Cuckoos: an Experimental Test of Social Organization in a Communal Bird." Behaviour 94, no. 1-2 (1985): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853985x00299.
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AbstractA population of cooperatively breeding, group-living splendid wrens was tested with a mounted parasitic cuckoo. At all nests with incubated eggs or nestlings, wrens attacked the cuckoo. The timing and intensity of attacks was independent of the nest day and of the age and breeding experience of the wrens. The breeding female usually spotted and attacked the cuckoo first. Her mate and the nonbreeding helpers responded to her call and mobbed and attacked the cuckoo. Response was no quicker in groups with nonbreeding auxiliaries than in single pairs. Discovery time was independent of the number of birds in a group and depended on the movements of the breeding female. Most wrens fed the young and mobbed the cuckoo. When a wren did not attack, it usually was caring for the young of another breeding female or an earlier brood. Variance in helping behavior was not closely associated with variance in the genetic relationship between helper and the breeding female or the young beneficiaries of mobbing. Use of a common territory, attendance at a nest, feeding the young, and mobbing and hitting a cuckoo were all associated cooperative activities. The main limitation of cooperative behavior in defense against the cuckoo is the same as the observed constraint on care of the young during the prolonged period of parental feeding-a conflict of interest among breeding females for care of their own young.
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Medina, Iliana, and Naomi E. Langmore. "The costs of avian brood parasitism explain variation in egg rejection behaviour in hosts." Biology Letters 11, no. 7 (July 2015): 20150296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0296.
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Many bird species can reject foreign eggs from their nests. This behaviour is thought to have evolved in response to brood parasites, birds that lay their eggs in the nest of other species. However, not all hosts of brood parasites evict parasitic eggs. In this study, we collate data from egg rejection experiments on 198 species, and perform comparative analyses to understand the conditions under which egg rejection evolves. We found evidence, we believe for the first time in a large-scale comparative analysis, that (i) non-current host species have rejection rates as high as current hosts, (ii) egg rejection is more likely to evolve when the parasite is relatively large compared with its host and (iii) egg rejection is more likely to evolve when the parasite chick evicts all the host eggs from the nest, such as in cuckoos. Our results suggest that the interactions between brood parasites and their hosts have driven the evolution of egg rejection and that variation in the costs inflicted by parasites is fundamental to explaining why only some host species evolve egg rejection.
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Birkhead, T. R., N. Hemmings, C. N. Spottiswoode, O. Mikulica, C. Moskát, M. Bán, and K. Schulze-Hagen. "Internal incubation and early hatching in brood parasitic birds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1708 (September 29, 2010): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1504.
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The offspring of brood parasitic birds benefit from hatching earlier than host young. A proposed but little-known strategy to achieve this is ‘internal incubation’, by retaining the egg in the oviduct for an additional 24 h. To test this, we quantified the stage of embryo development at laying in four brood parasitic birds (European cuckoo, Cuculus canorus ; African cuckoo, Cuculus gularis ; greater honeyguide, Indicator indicator ; and the cuckoo finch, Anomalospiza imberbis ). For the two cuckoos and the honeyguide, all of which lay at 48 h intervals, embryos were at a relatively advanced stage at laying; but for the cuckoo finch (laying interval: 24 h) embryo stage was similar to all other passerines laying at 24 h intervals. The stage of embryo development in the two cuckoos and honeyguide was similar to that of a non-parasitic species that lay at an interval of 44–46 h, but also to the eggs of the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata incubated artificially at body temperature immediately after laying, for a further 24 h. Comparison with the zebra finch shows that internal incubation in the two cuckoos and honeyguide advances hatching by 31 h, a figure consistent with the difference between the expected and the observed duration of incubation in the European cuckoo predicted from egg mass. Rather than being a specific adaptation to brood parasitism, internal incubation is a direct consequence of a protracted interval between ovulation (and fertilization) and laying, but because it results in early hatching may have predisposed certain species to become brood parasitic.
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Noh, Hee-Jin, Ros Gloag, and Naomi E. Langmore. "True recognition of nestlings by hosts selects for mimetic cuckoo chicks." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1880 (June 6, 2018): 20180726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0726.
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Brood parasitic cuckoos lay their eggs in other birds' nests, whereafter the young cuckoo hatches, ejects its nest-mates and monopolizes the care of the host parents. Theory predicts that hosts should not evolve to recognize and reject cuckoo chicks via imprinting because of the risk of mistakenly imprinting on a cuckoo chick in their first brood and thereafter always rejecting their own chicks. However, recent studies have revealed that some hosts do reject cuckoo chicks from the nest, indicating that these hosts’ recognition systems either do not rely on first brood imprinting, or use cues that are independent of chick phenotype. Here, we investigate the proximate mechanisms of chick rejection behaviour in the large-billed gerygone ( Gerygone magnirostris ), a host of the little bronze-cuckoo ( Chalcites minutillus ). We find that gerygones use true template-based recognition based on at least one visual chick trait (the number of hatchling down-feathers), and that this is further mediated by experience of adult cuckoos at the nest during egg-laying. Given the theoretical constraints of acquiring recognition templates via imprinting, gerygones must possess a template of own-chick appearance that is largely innate. This true recognition has facilitated the evolution of very rapid hatchling rejection and, in turn, striking visual mimicry of host young by little bronze-cuckoo chicks.
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Krüger, O., N. B. Davies, and M. D. Sorenson. "The evolution of sexual dimorphism in parasitic cuckoos: sexual selection or coevolution?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1617 (April 17, 2007): 1553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0281.
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Sexual dimorphism is ubiquitous in animals and can result from selection pressure on one or both sexes. Sexual selection has become the predominant explanation for the evolution of sexual dimorphism, with strong selection on size-related mating success in males being the most common situation. The cuckoos (family Cuculidae) provide an exceptional case in which both sexes of many species are freed from the burden of parental care but where coevolution between parasitic cuckoos and their hosts also results in intense selection. Here, we show that size and plumage differences between the sexes in parasitic cuckoos are more likely the result of coevolution than sexual selection. While both sexes changed in size as brood parasitism evolved, we find no evidence for selection on males to become larger. Rather, our analysis indicates stronger selection on parasitic females to become smaller, resulting in a shift from dimorphism with larger females in cuckoos with parental care to dimorphism with larger males in parasitic species. In addition, the evolution of brood parasitism was associated with more cryptic plumage in both sexes, but especially in females, a result that contrasts with the strong plumage dimorphism seen in some other parasitic birds. Examination of the three independent origins of brood parasitism suggests that different parasitic cuckoo lineages followed divergent evolutionary pathways to successful brood parasitism. These results argue for the powerful role of parasite–host coevolution in shaping cuckoo life histories in general and sexual dimorphism in particular.
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Igic, Branislav, Phillip Cassey, Tomáš Grim, David R. Greenwood, Csaba Moskát, Jarkko Rutila, and Mark E. Hauber. "A shared chemical basis of avian host–parasite egg colour mimicry." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1731 (September 14, 2011): 1068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1718.
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Avian brood parasites lay their eggs in other birds' nests and impose considerable fitness costs on their hosts. Historically and scientifically, the best studied example of circumventing host defences is the mimicry of host eggshell colour by the common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ). Yet the chemical basis of eggshell colour similarity, which impacts hosts' tolerance towards parasitic eggs, remains unknown. We tested the alternative scenarios that (i) cuckoos replicate host egg pigment chemistry, or (ii) cuckoos use alternative mechanisms to produce a similar perceptual effect to mimic host egg appearance. In parallel with patterns of similarity in avian-perceived colour mimicry, the concentrations of the two key eggshell pigments, biliverdin and protoporphyrin, were most similar between the cuckoo host-races and their respective hosts. Thus, the chemical basis of avian host–parasite egg colour mimicry is evolutionarily conserved, but also intraspecifically flexible. These analyses of pigment composition reveal a novel proximate dimension of coevolutionary interactions between avian brood parasites and hosts, and imply that alternative phenotypes may arise by the modifications of already existing biochemical and physiological mechanisms and pathways.
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Igic, Branislav, Kim Braganza, Margaret M. Hyland, Heather Silyn-Roberts, Phillip Cassey, Tomas Grim, Jarkko Rutila, Csaba Moskát, and Mark E. Hauber. "Alternative mechanisms of increased eggshell hardness of avian brood parasites relative to host species." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 64 (May 11, 2011): 1654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0207.
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Obligate brood parasitic birds lay their eggs in nests of other species and parasite eggs typically have evolved greater structural strength relative to host eggs. Increased mechanical strength of the parasite eggshell is an adaptation that can interfere with puncture ejection behaviours of discriminating hosts. We investigated whether hardness of eggshells is related to differences between physical and chemical traits from three different races of the parasitic common cuckoo Cuculus canorus , and their respective hosts. Using tools developed for materials science, we discovered a novel correlate of increased strength of parasite eggs: the common cuckoo's egg exhibits a greater microhardness, especially in the inner region of the shell matrix, relative to its host and sympatric non-host species. We then tested predictions of four potential mechanisms of shell strength: (i) increased relative thickness overall, (ii) greater proportion of the structurally harder shell layers, (iii) higher concentration of inorganic components in the shell matrix, and (iv) elevated deposition of a high density compound, MgCO 3 , in the shell matrix. We confirmed support only for hypothesis (i). Eggshell characteristics did not differ between parasite eggs sampled from different host nests in distant geographical sites, suggesting an evolutionarily shared microstructural mechanism of stronger parasite eggshells across diverse host-races of brood parasitic cuckoos.
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Badmaev, A. A. "Traditional Buryat Beliefs About Birds." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 48, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.2.106-113.
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This study, based on ethnographic, linguistic, and folk materials, describes and interprets Buryat ideas of birds. The analysis of lexical data reveals the principal groups of birds according to the Buryat folk classification. The bat’s status is indistinct, since bats are not subordinate to the kings of the animal world. Diagnostic criteria underlying the classification of birds are outlined. The main criterion was whether a bird was beneficial or harmful. Ornithomorphic images in Buryat mythology, folklore, and ritual are described. Cult birds and bird totems are listed, and relics of local bird cults (those relating to swan, goose, duck, pigeon, and eagle) are revealed. Birds with positive connotations are the swan, crane, swallow, pigeon, eagle, and eagle-owl. Those with negative connotation are the kite, raven, crow, quail, cuckoo, and hoopoe). The attitude toward ducks, hawks, magpies, and jackdaws is ambivalent. Certain birds (ducks and ravens) were related to cosmogonic ideas; others (swan, goose, eagle, etc.) were endowed with a werewolf capability. The raven, the cuckoo, and the hoopoe symbolized natural cycles, whereas the magpie and the quail were associated with the soul. The role of bird images in the mytho-ritual practices is discussed. The Buryat mythological ideas reflected not only specific ethnic views of certain birds, but also universal ones.
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Turner, Richard, Naomi Langmore, Helen Osmond, and Andrew Cockburn. "First recorded evidence of ejection of a cuckoo egg in a fairy-wren species." Australian Field Ornithology 39 (2022): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo39104109.
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Brood-parasitic cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, abandoning parental care to their hosts. Many host species have evolved defences to escape or reduce the costs associated with cuckoo parasitism. Superb Fairy-wrens Malurus cyaneus, which are a host to several cuckoo species in Australia, can distinguish cuckoo eggs based on their size or shape, or by using indirect cues such as the timing of egg laying or the presence of an adult cuckoo near the nest. They have previously been shown to reject cuckoo eggs by methods of egg burial or abandonment. These methods are likely to be costlier than ejecting the cuckoo egg from the nest (as seen in some other host species), because of the complete failure of the reproductive attempt, in addition to the costs associated with renesting. In this study, we document with photograph and video footage an incident of a Fan-tailed Cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis parasitising a nest of a Superb Fairy-wren in the Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra. Shortly after the parasitism event occurred, we recorded the female Fairywren returning to the nest and ejecting the single Cuckoo egg. To our knowledge, this footage represents the first evidence of ejection of a cuckoo egg in this species.
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McClelland, Stephanie C., Gabriel A. Jamie, Katy Waters, Lara Caldas, Claire N. Spottiswoode, and Steven J. Portugal. "Convergent evolution of reduced eggshell conductance in avian brood parasites." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1769 (February 11, 2019): 20180194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0194.
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Brood parasitism has evolved independently in several bird lineages, giving rise to strikingly similar behavioural adaptations that suggest convergent evolution. By comparison, convergence of physiological traits that optimize this breeding strategy has received much less attention, yet these species share many similar physiological traits that optimize this breeding strategy. Eggshell structure is important for embryonic development as it controls the flux of metabolic gases, such as O 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O, into and out of the egg; in particular, water vapour conductance ( G H 2 O ) is an essential process for optimal development of the embryo. Previous work has shown that common cuckoos ( Cuculus canorus ) have a lower than expected eggshell G H 2 O compared with their hosts. Here, we sought to test whether this is a trait found in other independently evolved avian brood parasites, and therefore reflects a general adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle. We analysed G H 2 O for seven species of brood parasites from four unique lineages as well as for their hosts, and combined this with species from the literature. We found lower than expected G H 2 O among all our observed brood parasites both compared with hosts (except for brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater )) and compared with the expected rates given their phylogenetic positions. These findings suggest that a lowered G H 2 O may be a general adaptation for brood parasitism, perhaps helping the parasite nestling to develop greater aerobic fitness. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern’.
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Kleindorfer, Sonia, Christine Evans, and Diane Colombelli-Négrel. "Females that experience threat are better teachers." Biology Letters 10, no. 5 (May 2014): 20140046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0046.
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Superb fairy-wren ( Malurus cyaneus ) females use an incubation call to teach their embryos a vocal password to solicit parental feeding care after hatching. We previously showed that high call rate by the female was correlated with high call similarity in fairy-wren chicks, but not in cuckoo chicks, and that parent birds more often fed chicks with high call similarity. Hosts should be selected to increase their defence behaviour when the risk of brood parasitism is highest, such as when cuckoos are present in the area. Therefore, we experimentally test whether hosts increase call rate to embryos in the presence of a singing Horsfield's bronze-cuckoo ( Chalcites basalis ). Female fairy-wrens increased incubation call rate when we experimentally broadcast cuckoo song near the nest. Embryos had higher call similarity when females had higher incubation call rate. We interpret the findings of increased call rate as increased teaching effort in response to a signal of threat.
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Dolenec, Zdravko. "Sve raniji povratak kukavice (Cuculus canorus L.) sa zimovanja u šume sjeverozapadne Hrvatske." Šumarski list 141, no. 11-12 (December 4, 2017): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.141.11-12.4.
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The Earth is getting warmer at its surface and this global warming can be linked to numerous different phenomena worldwide and it has great impact on ecosystems. Responses to climate change vary interspecies, intraspecies and among different area. Most of the birds in the temperate regions arrive earlier from their wintering places and it is believed that this is a response to the significantly higher spring temperatures. The main aim of this work is to describe changes in spring arrival dates of Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) in the period between 1989 and 2016, and also, to identify relationship between dates of arrival and mean spring temperature in the researched period. The Common Cuckoo is an obligate brood parasite and common bird species in study area. In this research, mean April temperature is used as the mean spring temperature because April is the month when this bird species returns from wintering. First arrival date is the common type of data in investigation of connections between climate change and timing of migration. In research of the most bird species this is when the birds are observed for the first time that year, but in the Common Cuckoo, noting the first time hearing them sing is more usual method. Results of this study suggest that climate changes cause earlier arrival of the Common Cuckoo from the wintering place to the breeding area. Their first arrival date in northwestern Croatia has advanced (significantly) by seven days over the past 28 years. Correlation between first arrival date and average April temperature is also significant. Mean spring temperature increased significantly from 1989 to 2016. This result indicates that mean spring temperature has an influence on the date of the Common Cuckoo first arrival. For the Common Cuckoo, it is important that climate changes don’t cause significant differences in the timing of breeding between them and their host bird species.
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Oliveira, Seixas Rezende, Wellington Hannibal, Jefferson Eduardo Silveira Miranda, and Gustavo Valtuille De Oliveira. "First published record of rodent predation by guira cuckoo in Brazil: notes about vertebrate predation." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 17, no. 2 (September 16, 2022): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v17i2.829.
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Guira cuckoo (Guira guira) is a communal breeder bird species displaying a diversified diet. In this study, we report the first published predation event of a rodent by Guira cuckoo in Brazil. We searched for vertebrate predation by this bird species in Brazilian domains in the following databases: Google Scholar, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science. We recorded the rodent predation event in a landscape composed of pasture and gallery forest in Campo Grande municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul, central-west Brazil. The predated rodent is a vesper mouse, Calomys sp. We found 19 vertebrate species predated by the Guira cuckoo, distributed in all Brazilian domains, within the orders: Anura (5 species), Passeriformes (1), Squamata (12), and Rodentia (1 - present study). Our result contributes to the natural history of the Guira cuckoo, and highlights that this cuckoo bird displays a generalist diet, feeding on a diversity of vertebrate species.
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Daben, M. R., B. O. Echor, and S. A. Da’an. "Abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park, Plateau State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 41, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v41i1.2.
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Birds’ populations are being threatened by parasites that have not received adequate attention by parasitologists. This study aimed at evaluating the abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of the wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park. A systematic five-month study of ectoparasites was conducted. Sixty-two (62) birds were trapped using mist nets and examined for ectoparasite infestation. Wool soaked with 70% ethanol, using gloved-protected-hand; ectoparasites were carefully extracted, preserved in sampling bottles containing 70% alcohol for morphological identification. A wide spectrum insecticide (0.09% tetrametrin and 0.45 piperronyl) was used to pulverize tiny parasites on the feather over a white paper. Overall, 4,066 ectoparasites belonging to 5 orders, 8 families, and 24 species were identified from the trapped birds. Fiftysix 56(90.3%) birds were found to be infested with ectoparasites, while 6(9.7%) had none. Phthirathera, and Siphonaptera were the most and least abundant respectively. The highest parasites found were lice (96.60%) and the least, fleas (0.02%). Wing predilection site had the highest infestation rate (83%), and the lowest was the leg (0.37%). The most caught and most infested bird species was the West African thrush bird Turdus pelios (14.28%), followed by the Red-checked cuckoo-shrike and Bronze manikin (10.70% and 7.14%) respectively. Least species of bird infested among others, were the African paradise king fisher, Blue-throated brown sunbird, Blue-spotted wood dove, and Blue-breasted fire finch (1.79%). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the rate of infestations among the caught and examined bird species. The study provided useful insight and knowledge on how diverse and abundant ectoparasites of bird species are in this park and possible vector-borne diseases that may have zoonotic potential.
Keywords: Abundance; birds; ectoparasites; diversity; park; wildlife.
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Mardiastuti, A., Y. A. Mulyani, and M. D. Kusrini. "Bird visit to Ficus benjamina in two urbanization gradients in the tropics." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012061.
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Abstract Fig trees area believed to be important bird habitat in the tropics, including in urban areas. The research objective was to reveal the bird species that visited Ficus benjamina in the low and high urbanization gradients in the tropics. Data were obtained in IPB University Darmaga Campus (low urbanization) and Sentul City (high urbanization) in Bogor (West Java, Indonesia), through direct observations of four trees per site in the morning, midday, late afternoon, and night, totalling 276 observation hours. Total of 29 bird species visited F. benjamina trees (26 species in low urbanization, 12 species in high), mainly insectivores, nectarivores, and frugivores birds. Nine species were common in both sites, i.e., Spotted Dove, Plaintive Cuckoo, Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker, Small Minivet, Common Iora, Sooty-headed Bulbul, Yellow-vented Bulbul, Common Tailorbird, Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker, and Olive-backed Sunbirds. Nocturnal birds (Collared Scops Owl, Large-tailed Nightjar) were present in low urbanization, but absent in high urbanization site, so did kingfishers (White-throated Kingfisher, Collared Kingfisher) and some other urbanization-prone species. The high urbanization site was characterized by the presence of Eurasian Tree Sparrow at the fig tree. This study showed that F. benjamina has an important role for diurnal and nocturnal birds, even in the high urbanization site.
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MOKHTER, NORMAISHARAH, MUHAMMAD ARIFUDDIN AKHSAN, MUHAMMAD ASRAF AMRAN, JIEN LEE TZE, MD-ZAIRI ZAINAL, MUHAMMAD ABU BAKAR ABDUL-LATIFF, and NOR ATIQAH NORAZLIMI. "BIRD COMPOSITION IN FOREST AND COASTAL ZONE OF PULAU TINGGI, JOHOR, MALAYSIA." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.11.003.
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Documentation of bird composition on the islands around Peninsular Malaysia is scarce and the attention is mainly focused on Malaysia’s Borneo Islands. Therefore, this study aims to fulfil this knowledge gap by documenting the bird composition in Pulau Tinggi. The study was conducted from March to August 2019 using mist-netting and direct observation methods. A total of 39 bird species belonging to 24 families were recorded. Among these, 28 species were residents, four species were residents migrants and seven were migrants. Migrant species include Wood sandpipers (Tringa glareola), Common Sandpipers (Actitis hypoleucos), Malay Hawk-cuckoo (Hierococcyx fugax), Arctic- Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis), Brown Shrike (Lanius cristatus), Siberian Blue Robin (Luscinia cyane) and Common Tern (Sterna hirundo). Regarding conservation status, only one species was listed as Near Threatened: The White-chested Babbler (Trichastoma rostratum). Our result shows that the coastal area is more diverse (H=2.252) than the forest area (H=1.933). However, birds in the forest area were more evenly distributed with an evenness index score (forest = 0.5759) over (coastal=0.3806). Thus, we conclude that despite its small size, Pulau Tinggi accommodates a variety of bird species, where the conservation action plan for the continued survival of birds on this island needs to be implemented.
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Millsap, Brian A., Timothy F. Breen, and Laura M. Phillips. "Ecology of the Cooper's Hawk in North Florida." North American Fauna 78, no. 00 (June 1, 2013): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/nafa.78.0001.
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Abstract We studied adult Cooper's hawks Accipiter cooperii on two study areas in north Florida from 1995 to 2001, an area dominated by large plantations managed for northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus and an area of mixed farmland and woods with no direct bobwhite management. We monitored 76 Cooper's hawk nesting attempts at 31 discrete nest areas, and radio-tagged 19 breeding males and 30 breeding females that we radio-tracked for up to 5 y. Nesting density (565 to 1,494 ha per occupied nest area) was comparable but productivity (1.8 and 2.8 young fledged per occupied and successful nest area, respectively) was lower than for the species elsewhere. Prey may have been more limiting than in other areas studied because chipmunks Tamias striatus, an important prey elsewhere, were absent. Annual Cooper's hawk survival averaged 84% for males and 81% for females, except in 1998 when survival was substantially lower. Average annual home-range size for male Cooper's hawks was 15.3 km2 inclusive of one nesting area. Female annual ranges averaged 30.3 km2, and included from three to nine nesting areas. Daily space use was similar between the sexes, but females had separate breeding and nonbreeding ranges whereas males were sedentary. Females used the same nonbreeding areas among years, but switched nesting areas 68% of the time compared with only 17% for males. Birds comprised 88% of the breeding and 98% of the nonbreeding season diet of Cooper's hawks by frequency. Important prey species all year were mourning doves Zenaida macroura, blue jays Cyanocitta cristata, and northern bobwhite; during summer, cattle egrets Bubulcus ibis, northern mockingbirds Mimus polyglottos and northern cardinals Cardinalis cardinalis were also important; and during autumn and winter, killdeer Charadrius vociferus, yellow-billed cuckoos Coccyzus americanus, and chickens were important. Female Cooper's hawks took larger prey than males; females were responsible for most cattle egret and chicken kills; whereas, males took most blue jays, killdeer, northern mockingbirds, and northern cardinals. Of avian prey brought to nests, 64% were nestling birds. Most adult male Cooper's hawks were adept at raiding bird nest boxes. Male Cooper's hawks captured 85% of the prey fed to nestlings. Female Cooper's hawks relied on males for food from early March until young were ≥12 d old, and 6 of 10 breeding females monitored intensively were never observed foraging for their broods. Most prey brought to nestling Cooper's hawks was captured within 2 km of nests, and foraging effort was consistent throughout the day. During the nonbreeding season, most prey captures occurred before 0900 hours or at dusk. Northern bobwhite made up 2% of male and 6% of female Cooper's hawk prey annually by frequency; this extrapolated to 18 bobwhite/year/adult Cooper's hawk on both study areas, 59% of which were captured between November and February. Outside the breeding season, male Cooper's hawks foraged evenly over their home range whereas females tended to focus on prey concentrations. Because female Cooper's hawks were so adept at finding and exploiting prey hotspots, perhaps the best strategy for reducing predation on bobwhite is habitat management that produces an even distribution of bobwhite across the landscape.
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Yuzieva, Kristina. "Bird image in the traditional vision of the Mari people (ethnolinguistic aspect): the cuckoo." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 5, no. 2 (December 11, 2014): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2014.5.2.10.
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This article gives an overview of the cuckoo image from the ethnolinguistic perspective. The cuckoo symbol is very old and is connected with ancient Mari concepts. The cuckoo is often associated with the image of a widow or an orphan. In addition to this, the image of the cuckoo also is connected with images of the funeral and memorial cult of the Mari people. The cuckoo is present in the symbolism of death. It manifests itself not only in fortune telling, but also in a number of omens and superstitions. Like other European peoples, the Mari people ask the cuckoo about the years left for a person to live. The cuckoo is often regarded as a frightening omen. It was regarded as an unhappy omen to hear the cuckoo calling from the right. It is considered to be lucky to have money in the pocket when one hears a cuckoo first. The voice and way of life of this bird distinguishes it from other birds. Girls would ask the cuckoo how many years it would be before they get married. It is said that when the cuckoo starts cuckooing, the water is warm enough to swim. The cuckoo calls incessantly – the weather will be bright and good. A cuckoo near the house foretold misfortune. For the Mari people, cuckoo is a prophetic, sacred bird.Kokkuvõte. Kristina Yuzieva: Linnu kujutamine mari rahva traditsioonilises nägemuses: kägu (etnolingvistiline aspekt). Artiklis antakse ülevaade käo kujutamisest, lähtudes etnolingvistilisest vaatepunktist. Käo sümbol on väga vana ja seotud mari muistsete mõistetega. Kägu seostatakse sageli lesknaise ja vaeslapsega. Lisaks sellele on käo kujutamine seotud mari rahva kujutlusega matustest ja mälestusteenistustest. Kägu kuulub ka surma sümboolikasse. See tuleb esile mitte ainult tuleviku ennustamises, vaid ka arvukates ennetes ja ebausukommetes. Nagu mitmed teisedki Euroopa rahvad, küsivad marid käolt, kui palju aastaid on inimesel jäänud elada. Kägu peetakse sageli kurjakuulutavaks endeks. Kui kuuldi kägu kukkumas paremal pool, siis peeti seda õnnetuse endeks. Kui keegi kuuleb kägu esimesena, siis peeti seda õnnelikuks endeks, et taskusse tuleb raha. Hääl ja eluviis eristavad kägu teistest lindudest. Tüdrukud võivad käo käest küsida, mitu aastat kulub, kuni nad abielluvad. Arvatakse, et kui kägu hakkab kukkuma, siis on vesi piisavalt soe, et ujuma minna. Kui kägu lakkamatult kukub, siis tuleb selge ja hea ilm. Kägu maja lähedal kuulutab ebaõnne. Mari rahvale on kägu prohvetlik ja püha lind.Märksõnad: mari keel, etnolingvistiline aspekt, lind, kägu, sümbol
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Senkovych, Olha. "«It floated like a black winch» (metaphoric portrait of a woman in Yuri Vynnychuk’s prose)." Culture of the Word, no. 90 (2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2019.90.4.
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The article states that the works of the contemporary author Yuri Vynnychuk constitute a landmark fragment of Ukrainian prose of the late twentieth – early twentieth centuries. The material of the novels «Malva Landa» and «Spring Games» shows the specifi cs of individual linguistic prose, in particular in the fi eld of linguistic portraiture of a woman. Based on the consideration of stylistic means of linguistic and artistic portraiture of a woman in prose of Yuri Vynnychuk, productive ways of metaphorization with the use of nominations of birds, plants, household objects and so on were identifi ed. The specifi cs of the author’s development of the aff ectionate-poetic names of women, which are characteristic of the Ukrainian folklore tradition, are traced. These include the generic nomination bird and specifi c nominations swallow, swallow, winch, winch, winch, winch, turtle, cuckoo, quail, cuckoo, cuckoo. It was emphasized that despite their trawliness, they did not lose their imagery and emotionality. Such a contextual aff ectionate name of women is taken as a typical feature of folklore by a modern reader. Also actively portrayed and psycho-emotional descriptions of women in associative juxtaposition with the traits of such birds as owl, crow, canary, are actively presented in Yuri Vynnychuk’s prose. An examination of stylistic means of linguistic and artistic portraiture of a woman in prose by Yuriy Vynnychuk reveals productive ways of metaphorizing using animal nominations and household items.
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Bateman, Heather L., Sidney B. Riddle, and Erin S. Cubley. "Using Bioacoustics to Examine Vocal Phenology of Neotropical Migratory Birds on a Wild and Scenic River in Arizona." Birds 2, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2030019.
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Passive acoustic recorders have been used successfully as automated survey tools to detect terrestrial wildlife. However, few studies have monitored Neotropical migratory bird use of riparian forest habitat using this technology. Within dryland ecosystems, the forests along rivers support high bird diversity. Many bird species of conservation concern require these floodplain forest habitats for foraging, migration stop-overs, and breeding. Few studies have explored the use of acoustic records in riverine systems designated for conservation for their natural resource value via the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act in the USA. Using acoustic recorders, we document vocal activity of four riparian-obligate species (Bell’s Vireo, Vireo bellii; Summer Tanager, Piranga rubra; Yellow Warbler, Setophaga petechial; and Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus) to determine species occurrence along a Wild and Scenic River. We established three study reaches along the perennial Lower Verde River, in the Sonoran Desert of central Arizona, USA. Nine acoustic recorders were used over the period of 80–120 days during the summer of 2018. We measured vegetation composition and structure in 100 m2 plots paired with acoustic recorders. Visualizing vocal activity showed that three species were calling and singing at each reach; whereas, one species, the cuckoo, had fewer recordings and occurred later in the summer. We demonstrate the utility of acoustic monitoring even when applied to rare birds in complex riparian habitats. This information is important for land management and conservation efforts concerning these species of interest and identifying important habitat features in Southwestern US riparian woodlands.
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DAVIS, ROBERT A., GUY DUTSON, and JUDIT K. SZABO. "Conservation status of threatened and endemic birds of New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000156.
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SummaryNew Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea supports 14 endemic bird species and together with New Ireland, forms an Endemic Bird Area that supports 38 restricted range species. Extensive conversion of lowland forest to oil palm plantations resulted in the loss of over 20% of forest under 100 m altitude between 1989 and 2000. However the rate of loss has subsequently slowed (2.2% loss across all altitudes between 2002 and 2014), and much forest remains at higher altitudes: 72% of New Britain remained forested (including secondary forest) in 2014. Despite the ongoing high threat and rich endemic bird fauna, the state of knowledge of the conservation status of birds in New Britain is very poor. We use an unprecedented dataset based on 415 hours of bird surveys conducted in oil palm plantations, as well as primary and secondary forests at all altitudes, to revise the IUCN status of New Britain’s birds. These data indicate that six species of elevated conservation concern are less dependent on old-growth forest than previously assessed. We recommend reduced population size estimates for one species, New Britain Kingfisher Todiramphus albonotatus. We recommend increased population size estimates for seven species: Pied Cuckoo-dove Reinwardtoena browni, Yellowish Imperial Pigeon Ducula subflavescens, Green-fronted Hanging Parrot Loriculus tener, Blue-eyed Cockatoo Cacatua opthalmica, Violaceous Coucal Centropus violaceous, New Britain Boobook Ninox odiosa and New Britain Thrush Zoothera talaseae. Despite our comprehensive surveys, Slaty-backed Goshawk Accipiter luteoschistaceus, New Britain Sparrowhawk Accipiter brachyurus, New Britain Bronzewing Henicophaps foersteri and Golden Masked-owl Tyto aurantia remain very rarely recorded and require further assessment. With ongoing habitat loss, particularly in lowland areas, New Britain’s birds urgently require more attention.
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Manar Abdulkareem Al-Abaji. "Cuckoo Search Algorithm: Review and its Application." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 26, no. 2 (December 3, 2022): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v26i2.130.
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Optimization techniques play a major role in real-world problems, As many cases in which decisions are made are based on random research. But choosing the optimization technology is a big challenge for the user. The cuckoo search algorithm is one of the modern optimization techniques that can replace many of the traditional techniques used, The cuckoo bird use a Levi's flight strategy based on the egg laying method to extract a solution to the problem. The presented work will provide a review of the original cuckoo search algorithm with mentioning some types of developed and hybrid cuckoo search algorithm as well as some of their applications.
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Shydlovskyy, Ihor, Oleksii Dubovyk, Petro Hrynyuk, Ivan Zahorodnyi, and Vasyl Matejchyk. "Avifauna of meadow ecosystems in borderland areas of Lviv and Volyn Oblasts." GEO&BIO 2021, no. 20 (February 17, 2021): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gb2012.
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Meadow ecosystems comprise a significant part of the area of Ukraine, especially in its western regions. Those ecosystems are subjects of concern today because of the active agricultural use and droughts that also threatens the animal population of meadows, including birds. Studies of meadow bird species of western Ukraine are limited to atlases, which results in a lack of precise data. This work was part of an international project on the conservation of the great snipe Gallinago media and allowed us to collect valuable data on the abundance and occurrence of meadow bird species nearby to the Polish and Belarusian borders of Ukraine — territories that are commonly ignored by Ukrainian researchers. The surveys of meadow birds conducted near the Ukrainian-Polish border in 2020 have shown that the general state of the marshes is worse compared to 2019: even close to the Western Bug river, only deep oxbow lakes were wet or contained some water, but minor lakes and wetlands of the valley were found to be dry. In total, we observed 141 bird species belonging to 17 orders. Among them, 26 were common by abundance and frequency, such as the great egret Ardea alba, the white stork Ciconia ciconia, the common quail Coturnix coturnix, the corn crake Crex crex, the northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus, the common redshank Tringa totanus, the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus, the Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis, the meadow pipit Anthus pratensis, the western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava, the sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, the marsh warbler A. palustris, the great reed warbler A. arundinaceus, the common whitethroat Sylvia communis, the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, the thrush nightingale Luscinia luscinia, the common linnet Linaria cannabina, the corn bunting Emberiza calandra, the common reed bunting E. schoeniclus, and 7 more species, which were observed frequently though are not typical marshland species. We have identified the species that can be used as indicators of parameters of marsh ecosystems such as grass height (corn crake, western yellow wagtail, and sedge warbler), moisture (common redshank, common cuckoo, and the sedge and great reed warblers), and habitat type (corn crake, European bee-eater Merops apiaster, sedge warbler, common reed, and corn buntings).
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Ruda, S. V., O. V. Ryabinina, V. O. Melnyk, and L. M. Palval. "Bird of domestic origin." Sučasne ptahìvnictvo, no. 9-10 (December 17, 2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/poultry2020.09-10.006.
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Aboriginal breeds and bird populations are a valuable genetic resource. Characterized by relatively low productivity, they exhibit high viability and good adaptability to the local conditions in which they were formed. Due to these positive qualities, they are in high demand among the population and have been successfully used in various breeding programs. Therefore, their conservation is receiving much attention worldwide. Not so long ago, Poltava chickens, or as they were called, were widely known in Ukraine. The breed included three varieties: Poltava Clay, Poltava Creep and Poltava Black. But gradually the last two varieties were lost under the pressure of industrial lines and crosses of chickens. Given the urgency of the problem of conservation of the domestic gene pool of poultry, the purpose of the research conducted in recent years by scientists of the State Poultry Research Station of the NAAS, was to resynthesis chickens with crested and black plumage and evaluate their economically useful features. The genetic material of the Poltava clay breed and two populations of Birkian meat-and-egg chickens with black and blackstriped plumage color were used. The synthesis of new genotypes of chickens was carried out by hybridological and recombination methods, and the further consolidation of the two populations created was breeding. The resulting population with cuckoo plumage was named Ukrainian cuckoo, and with black plumage was Ukrainian black. The bird of new Ukrainian populations has the following economically useful indicators: live weight of cocks – 2.6-3.4 kg, chickens – 2.0-2.7 kg; laying of chickens – 113-125 eggs for 28 weeks of productivity. The eggs have a mass of 54-65 g and the cream color of the shell. Currently, this bird is bred at the experimental farm of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of NAAS and is successfully sold to farmers and amateur poultry.
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Lambert, Frank R. "Some key sites and significant records of birds in the Philippines and Sabah." Bird Conservation International 3, no. 4 (December 1993): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002562.
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SummaryBetween June 1989 and October 1990 casual records of rare birds were made in Sabah and on Sipadan Island, Malaysia, and on Luzon, Negros, Bohol and Mindanao, Philippines, with additional observations on Palawan and Tawitawi, Philippines, in August and September 1991. Key sites for bird conservation profiled here are the Angat watershed, Quezon National Park and Candaba Marsh (all on Luzon), Mt Canlaon (Negros), Rajah Sukituna National Park (Bohol), Mt Katanglad (Mindanao), remaining forest on both Tawitawi and Sipadan, and the Danum Valley in Sabah. Notes are provided on 31 species of bird, 17 already considered threatened, three near-threatened. While one threatened species (Nicobar Pigeon Caloenas nicobarica) should be downlisted, at least six species (Spotted Imperial-pigeon Ducula carola, Blue-winged Racquet-tail Prioniturus verticalis, Blue-naped Parrot Tanygnathus lucionensis, McGregor's Cuckoo-shrike Coracina mcgregori, Falcated Wren-babbler Ptilocichla falcata and Palawan Flycatcher Ficedula platenae) should be elevated to threatened status. Records for other species supplement and reinforce current assessments of threat or indicate new distributional or taxonomic information on non-threatened forms.
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Solomou, Alexandra, and Athanassios Sfougaris. "Comparing conventional and organic olive groves in central Greece: plant and bird diversity and abundance." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 26, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170511000111.
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AbstractThe present study was conducted in Magnesia Prefecture, central Greece, during the period May–June 2007. It aimed at the comparison between conventional and certified organic olive groves with regard to olive and olive oil production, diversity of plants (herbaceous and woody) and diversity and abundance of avifauna. Correlations between variables within herbaceous plants (linear regression) and woody plants (Principal Component Analysis), and the role of integration time of olive groves to the organic system were investigated. Also, finding easily measurable parameters indicating high bird diversity levels within organic and conventional management systems was a main target of the study. According to our findings, neither edible olive yield nor olive oil yield showed significant differences between conventional and certified organic olive groves. There is an increasing trend for alpha and beta diversity of herbaceous plant species, woody plant beta diversity, density and cover of woody plants, and density of breeding birds in certified organic olive groves (10 years) in comparison with conventional ones. The effect of time since the adoption of organic procedures is very important and produces benefits for the biodiversity. In the total olive groves 15 insectivorous, six granivorous and three insectivorous/granivorous birds species were recorded. Nine bird species distinguished by Ward's hierarchical clustering were identified as typical (indicator value, IndVal>50%) of specific farming systems. Among them, the Eurasian jay, associated with the 10-year certified organic olive groves, and the common cuckoo, Orphean warbler and Red-backed shrike, associated with the 6-year certified organic olive groves, should be regarded as characteristic species (IndVal>70%). Conclusively, organic farming favors some aspects of diversity of herbaceous and woody plants of olive grove ecosystems. On the contrary, similar effects on breeding bird diversity and density were not clearly recorded. However, breeding bird density proved a good indicator of their richness.
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Banu, P. K. Nizar, and S. Andrews. "Gene Clustering Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 14–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.2015100102.
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Gene clustering is a familiar step in the exploratory analysis of high dimensional biological data. It is the process of grouping genes of similar patterns in the same cluster and aims at analyzing the functions of gene that leads to the development of drugs and early diagnosis of diseases. In the recent years, much research has been proposed using nature inspired meta-heuristic algorithms. Cuckoo Search is one such optimization algorithm inspired from nature by breeding strategy of parasitic bird, the cuckoo. This paper proposes cuckoo search clustering and clustering using levy flight cuckoo search for grouping brain tumor gene expression dataset. A comparative study is made with genetic algorithm, PSO clustering, cuckoo search clustering and clustering using levy flight cuckoo search. Levy flight is an important property of levy distribution which covers the entire search space. Breeding pattern of cuckoo is associated with the genes that cause tumor to grow and affect other organs gradually. Clusters generated by these algorithms are validated to find the closeness among the genes in a cluster and separation of genes between clusters. Experimental results carried out in this paper show that cuckoo search clustering outperforms other clustering methods used for experimentation.
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Anderson, Michael G., and Mark E. Hauber. "The Cuckoos. Bird Families of the World, Volume 15. By Robert B Payne; molecular genetic analysis of cuckoo phylogeny by , Michael D Sorenson and , Robert B Payne; color plates by , Karen Klitz; illustrated by , John Megahan. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. $189.50. xxii + 618 p + 20 pl; ill.; index. ISBN: 0‐19‐850213‐3. 2005." Quarterly Review of Biology 82, no. 2 (June 2007): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519607.
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Feeney, W. E., J. Troscianko, N. E. Langmore, and C. N. Spottiswoode. "Evidence for aggressive mimicry in an adult brood parasitic bird, and generalized defences in its host." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1810 (July 7, 2015): 20150795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0795.
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Mimicry of a harmless model (aggressive mimicry) is used by egg, chick and fledgling brood parasites that resemble the host's own eggs, chicks and fledglings. However, aggressive mimicry may also evolve in adult brood parasites, to avoid attack from hosts and/or manipulate their perception of parasitism risk. We tested the hypothesis that female cuckoo finches ( Anomalospiza imberbis ) are aggressive mimics of female Euplectes weavers, such as the harmless, abundant and sympatric southern red bishop ( Euplectes orix ). We show that female cuckoo finch plumage colour and pattern more closely resembled those of Euplectes weavers (putative models) than Vidua finches (closest relatives); that their tawny-flanked prinia ( Prinia subflava ) hosts were equally aggressive towards female cuckoo finches and southern red bishops, and more aggressive to both than to their male counterparts; and that prinias were equally likely to reject an egg after seeing a female cuckoo finch or bishop, and more likely to do so than after seeing a male bishop near their nest. This is, to our knowledge, the first quantitative evidence for aggressive mimicry in an adult bird, and suggests that host–parasite coevolution can select for aggressive mimicry by avian brood parasites, and counter-defences by hosts, at all stages of the reproductive cycle.
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Sparks, T. H., S. Atkinson, K. Lewthwaite, R. Dhap, N. J. Moran, and P. Tryjanowski. "Can Bird Abundance Declines be Detected by Citizen Science Programmes? A Case Study Using Common Cuckoo Cuculus Canorus." Avian Biology Research 10, no. 4 (November 2017): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x15036738758862.
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Using data from two independent UK citizen science schemes we investigate evidence for declines in abundance of Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus, a species that is particularly easy to record. One of the schemes (Nature's Calendar) involves phenological recording across various taxa and is open to the general public, the other (BirdTrack) targets more committed birdwatchers. Results show a very strong correlation between the two schemes and confirm their ability to detect the marked decline in the abundance of Common Cuckoo in the UK in the 21st century. Furthermore, the first scheme allows some tentative regional comparisons with data from a century earlier, and suggests regional differences in Common Cuckoo decline over the longer term.
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Mohamad, Azizah, Azlan Mohd Zain, Nor Erne Nazira Bazin, and Amirmudin Udin. "Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Optimization Problems - A Literature Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.502.
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Cuckoo Search (CS) is an optimization algorithm developed by Yang and Deb in 2009. This paper describes an overview of CS which is inspired by the life of a bird family, called Cuckoo as well as overview of CS applications in various categories for solving optimization problems. Special lifestyle of Cuckoo and their characteristics in egg laying and breeding has been the basic motivation for this optimization algorithm. The categories that reviewed are Engineering, Pattern Recognition, Software Testing & Data Generation, Networking, Job Scheduling and Data Fusion and Wireless Sensor Networks. From the reviewed CS mostly applied in engineering area for solving optimization problems. The objective of this paper is to provide overview and summarize the review of application of the CS.
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Le, Dung A., and Dieu N. Vo. "Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Minimization of Power Loss and Voltage Deviation." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 5, no. 1 (January 2016): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2016010102.
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This paper proposes a cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem in power system operation considering the power loss and voltage deviation. The proposed CSA is a nature inspired algorithm from the cuckoo species laying their eggs in the nest of other species. There is a probability of the host bird to discover the alien eggs in its nest and the host bird either destroys the strange egg or simply ignores the host and builds a new one. The advantages of the CSA method are few control parameters and high optimal solution quality. The proposed method has been tested on the IEEE 30 bus system and the result comparison has indicated that the proposed method can obtain better solution quality than many other methods. Therefore, the proposed CSA method can be an alternative method for solving the ORPD problem.
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Lloyd, John David. "Movements and use of space by Mangrove Cuckoos (Coccyzus minor) in Florida, USA." PeerJ 5 (June 30, 2017): e3534. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3534.
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I used radio-telemetry to track the movements of Mangrove Cuckoos (Coccyzus minor) captured in southwest Florida. Relatively little is known about the natural history of Mangrove Cuckoos, and my goal was to provide an initial description of how individuals use space, with a focus on the size and placement of home ranges. I captured and affixed VHF radio-transmitters to 32 individuals between 2012 and 2015, and obtained a sufficient number of relocations from 16 of them to estimate home-range boundaries and describe patterns of movement. Home-range area varied widely among individuals, but in general was roughly four times larger than expected based on the body size of Mangrove Cuckoos. The median core area (50% isopleth) of a home range was 42 ha (range: 9–91 ha), and the median overall home range (90% isopleth) was 128 ha (range: 28–319 ha). The median distance between estimated locations recorded on subsequent days was 298 m (95% CI [187 m–409 m]), but variation within and among individuals was substantial, and it was not uncommon to relocate individuals >1 km from their location on the previous day. Site fidelity by individual birds was low; although Mangrove Cuckoos were present year-round within the study area, I did not observe any individuals that remained on a single home range throughout the year. Although individual birds showed no evidence of avoiding anthropogenic edges, they did not incorporate developed areas into their daily movements and home ranges consisted almost entirely of mangrove forest. The persistence of the species in the study area depended on a network of conserved lands–mostly public, but some privately conserved land as well–because large patches of mangrove forest did not occur on tracts left unprotected from development.
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Fitzimons, James A., Mark J. Antos, and Grant C. Palmer. "When more is less: Urban remnants support high bird abundance but diversity varies." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 2 (2011): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110097.
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Urban remnant vegetation, especially where it occurs in public parks, allows for relatively easy access for ongoing biodiversity monitoring. However, relatively little baseline information on bird species distribution and abundance across a range of identifiable urban remnants appears in the published literature. We surveyed the relative abundance and distribution of birds across urban and suburban remnant vegetation in Melbourne, Australia. One hundred and six species were recorded, of which 98 were indigenous. Red wattlebirds had the highest mean relative abundance with 2.94 birds/ ha, followed by rainbow lorikeets (2.51), noisy miners (1.93), brown thornbills (1.75) and spotted doves (0.96). There was no obvious trend between overall relative abundance and the size of the remnant, in contrast to species richness which was positively correlated with remnant size. The data revealed that some species were either totally restricted to, or more abundant in, larger remnants and generally absent from smaller remnants. Some of the more common birds (crimson rosella, superb fairy-wren, spotted pardalote and black-faced cuckoo-shrike) recorded during this study were detected at similar densities to those found in comparable vegetation to the east of Melbourne within a largely forested landscape. Other species occurred at much lower densities (e.g., white-browed scrubwren, brown thornbill, eastern yellow robin and grey fantail) or had habitat requirements or ecological characteristics that could place them at risk of further decline or local extinction in the urban area. We identify a suite of bird species of potential conservation concern within Melbourne’s urban landscape. The establishment of repeatable, fixed-point, and long-term monitoring sites will allow for repeat surveying over time and provide an early warning of population declines, or conversely an indication of population increase for other species.
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Fischer, Johannes H., Heiko U. Wittmer, Endro Setiawan, Sarah Jaffe, and Andrew J. Marshall. "Incipient loss of a rainforest mutualism?" Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 9734. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2890.9.1.9734-9737.
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We use data from motion-activated remote cameras to document a commensal, and possibly mutualistic, relationship between Bornean Ground Cuckoos and Bearded Pigs in the rainforests of Kalimantan, Indonesia. We hypothesise that birds benefiting from symbiotic relationships may suffer indirect detrimental effects from hunting that targets large mammals in tropical rainforests.
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Guo, Songkai, Wenhui Wu, Yaxin Liu, Xiaofang Kang, and Chunwang Li. "Effects of Valley Topography on Acoustic Communication in Birds: Why Do Birds Avoid Deep Valleys in Daqinggou Nature Reserve?" Animals 12, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212896.
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To investigate the effects of valley topography on the acoustic transmission of avian vocalisations, we carried out playback experiments in Daqinggou valley, Inner Mongolia, China. During the experiments, we recorded the vocalisations of five avian species, the large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler, 1827), common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus Linnaeus, 1758), Eurasian magpie (Pica pica Linnaeus, 1758), Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus Linnaeus, 1758), and meadow bunting (Emberiza cioides Brand, 1843), at transmission distances of 30 m and 50 m in the upper and lower parts of the valley and analysed the intensity, the fundamental frequency (F0), and the first three formant frequencies (F1/F2/F3) of the sounds. We also investigated bird species diversity in the upper and lower valley. We found that: (1) at the distance of 30 m, there were significant differences in F0/F1/F2/F3 in Eurasian magpies, significant differences in F1/F2/F3 in the meadow bunting and Eurasian tree sparrow, and partially significant differences in sound frequency between the upper and lower valley in the other two species; (2) at the distance of 50 m, there were significant differences in F0/F1/F2/F3 in two avian species (large-billed crow and common cuckoo) between the upper and lower valley and partially significant differences in sound frequency between the upper and lower valley in the other three species; (2) there were significant differences in the acoustic intensities of crow, cuckoo, magpie, and bunting calls between the upper and lower valley. (3) Species number and richness were significantly higher in the upper valley than in the lower valley. We suggested that the structure of valley habitats may lead to the breakdown of acoustic signals and communication in birds to varying degrees. The effect of valley topography on acoustic communication could be one reason for animal species avoiding deep valleys.
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Lahti, D. C. "Evolution of bird eggs in the absence of cuckoo parasitism." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, no. 50 (December 2, 2005): 18057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508930102.
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Kretschmer, Rafael, Ricardo José Gunski, Analía del Valle Garnero, Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas, Gustavo Akira Toma, Marcelo de Bello Cioffi, Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira, Rebecca E. O’Connor, and Darren K. Griffin. "Chromosomal Analysis in Crotophaga ani (Aves, Cuculiformes) Reveals Extensive Genomic Reorganization and an Unusual Z-Autosome Robertsonian Translocation." Cells 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010004.
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Although cytogenetics studies in cuckoos (Aves, Cuculiformes) have demonstrated an interesting karyotype variation, such as variations in the chromosome morphology and diploid number, their chromosome organization and evolution, and relation with other birds are poorly understood. Hence, we combined conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches to investigate chromosome homologies between chicken and the smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani). Our results demonstrate extensive chromosome reorganization in C. ani, with interchromosomal rearrangements involving macro and microchromosomes. Intrachromosomal rearrangements were observed in some macrochromosomes, including the Z chromosome. The most evolutionary notable finding was a Robertsonian translocation between the microchromosome 17 and the Z chromosome, a rare event in birds. Additionally, the simple short repeats (SSRs) tested here were preferentially accumulated in the microchromosomes and in the Z and W chromosomes, showing no relationship with the constitutive heterochromatin regions, except in the W chromosome. Taken together, our results suggest that the avian sex chromosome is more complex than previously postulated and revealed the role of microchromosomes in the avian sex chromosome evolution, especially cuckoos.
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Shanthasheela, A., and P. Shanmugavadivu. "Cuckoo Search Based Forest Cover Classification." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 3550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8322.
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Cuckoo Search optimization is one of the nature-inspired algorithms being widely experimented and explored to offer optimal and feasible solutions for science and engineering problems. It is inspired by the brood parasitism of cuckoo species laying their eggs in the other host birds’ nests. This research work is designed on the principle of the Cuckoo Search algorithm for the classification of forest cover in the satellite images. The proposed method titled, Cuckoo Search Based Classification (CSBC) is confirmed to have efficiently classified the forest cover with accuracy of 95 percent and above. The results of this classification method are used to measure the land cover change, deforest cover change and to prepare forest maps.
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Piperzycki, Adam, and Wiesław Ludwin. "Application of rogue algorithms in the WLAN planning task." Science, Technology and Innovation 4, no. 3 (October 11, 2017): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8021.
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The aim of this article is to examine and compare swarm optimization methods in the task of planning indoor wireless networks (WLAN). For this purpose, in the process of searching for the extremum of the criterion function, which is an optimization indicator, six swarm algorithms were used: artificial bees colony, bat, bee, cuckoo, firefly, particle swarm (bird).
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Dinata, Yoan, Agung Nugroho, Iding Achmad Haidir, and Matthew Linkie. "Camera trapping rare and threatened avifauna in west-central Sumatra." Bird Conservation International 18, no. 1 (March 2008): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270908000051.
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AbstractTropical forests are becoming increasingly degraded and fragmented by logging, which can affect the survival of forest bird species in different ways. In this study, we present avifauna data collected from a monitoring programme in west-central Sumatra that set camera traps in three study areas with different habitat types, levels of degradation and protection status. From 5,990 camera trap-nights, 248 independent bird photographs were recorded, comprising four orders and nine species, including three endemic species. The Great Argus Pheasant (Argusianus argus) was recorded in all study areas and most frequently (n = 202 photographs), followed by the threatened Salvadori's Pheasant (Lophura inornata). The greatest diversity of bird species (five) and abundance index (1.44 bird photographs/100 trap-nights) was recorded from a primary hill-submontane forest site located inside Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP) bordering degraded forest in a former logging concession recently repatriated into KSNP. However, inside a primary-selectively logged hill-submontane forest site spread over KSNP and an ex-logging concession, a Sumatran Ground Cuckoo (Carpococcyx viridis) was photographed. This species is noteworthy because prior to this study it had only been documented once since 1916. It is therefore crucial to use the camera trap results to increase the protection status for the ground cuckoo area. This has already happened in the other two study areas, where camera trap data have been used to reclassify the areas as Core Zones, the highest level of protection inside KSNP. This study illustrates how routine monitoring can have wider benefits through recording, and conserving, threatened and endemic non-target species in unexpected habitats that might not otherwise have been surveyed.
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Cohen, Marcus S., M. Brent Hawkins, David W. Stock, and Alexander Cruz. "Early life-history features associated with brood parasitism in the cuckoo catfish, Synodontis multipunctatus (Siluriformes: Mochokidae)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1769 (February 11, 2019): 20180205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0205.
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The cuckoo catfish, Synodontis multipunctatus , is the only known obligate brood parasite among fishes, exploiting the parental care of mouthbrooding cichlids endemic to Lake Tanganyika. Comparisons of this system to brood parasitism in birds may reveal broader principles that underlie the evolution of this life-history strategy in vertebrates. However, little is known about the features of the cuckoo catfish that enable this species to successfully parasitize cichlids. Here, we examine early ontogeny of the cuckoo catfish and compare it to that of its cichlid hosts as well as a non-parasitic congener. We found that cuckoo catfish embryos develop and hatch in advance of host embryos, and begin feeding on cichlid young just as they start to hatch. Overall timing of ontogeny in the cuckoo catfish was found to be similar to that of the substrate-spawning congener Synodontis lucipinnis , suggesting that more rapid development of the cuckoo catfish relative to cichlids is not a unique adaptation to brood parasitism. However, we found that cuckoo catfish progeny exhibit extensive morphological differences from S . lucipinnis , which may represent adaptations to brood parasitism. These life-history observations reveal both similarities and differences between the cuckoo catfish system and brood parasitism in other lineages. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern’.
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Tryjanowski, Piotr, Federico Morelli, Zbigniew Kwieciński, Piotr Indykiewicz, and Anders Pape Møller. "Birds respond similarly to taxidermic models and live cuckoos Cuculus canorus." Journal of Ethology 36, no. 3 (July 7, 2018): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-018-0554-z.
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Polačik, M., M. Reichard, C. Smith, and R. Blažek. "Parasitic cuckoo catfish exploit parental responses to stray offspring." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1769 (February 11, 2019): 20180412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0412.
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Interspecific brood parasitism occurs in several independent lineages of birds and social insects, putatively evolving from intraspecific brood parasitism. The cuckoo catfish, Synodontis multipunctatus , the only known obligatory non-avian brood parasite, exploits mouthbrooding cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika, despite the absence of parental care in its evolutionary lineage (family Mochokidae). Cuckoo catfish participate in host spawning events, with their eggs subsequently collected and brooded by parental cichlids, though they can later be selectively rejected by the host. One scenario for the origin of brood parasitism in cuckoo catfish is through predation of cichlid eggs during spawning, eventually resulting in a spatial and temporal match in oviposition by host and parasite. Here we demonstrate experimentally that, uniquely among all known brood parasites, cuckoo catfish have the capacity to re-infect their hosts at a late developmental stage following egg rejection. We show that cuckoo catfish offspring can survive outside the host buccal cavity and re-infect parental hosts at a later incubation phase by exploiting the strong parental instinct of hosts to collect stray offspring. This finding implies an alternative evolutionary origin for cuckoo catfish brood parasitism, with the parental response of host cichlids facilitating its evolution. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern’.