Academic literature on the topic 'Cuckoos (Bird)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Cuckoos (Bird)"

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Hughes, Janice M. "Taxonomic significance of host-egg mimicry by facultative brood parasites of the avian genus Coccyzus (Cuculidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-764.

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Black-billed (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) and Yellow-billed (C. americanus) cuckoos are facultative brood parasites that occasionally lay their eggs in the nests of 10 and 11 other bird species, respectively. This study demonstrates that both cuckoo species produce blue–green eggs that fully or nearly match the eggs of over 70% of their reported host species, a proportion significantly greater than if hosts were being selected at random from the potential host pool. These results suggest that the cuckoos may be selecting hosts on the basis of their egg colour, and support a hypothesis of egg mimicry. Since egg mimicry is unlikely to evolve in a facultative parasite, its existence in Coccyzus would imply a historically intense relationship between these birds and their hosts. This hypothesis is corroborated by recent phylogenetic analyses which suggest that the ancestral Coccyzus was an obligate parasite. Factors responsible for the loss of obligate parasitism in this genus may also have contributed to the general paucity of obligate parasitism in New World cuckoos. Competitive exclusion or resistance to invasion by parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus spp.) should be considered.
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Barrero, Adrián, Julia Gómez-Catasús, Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa, Juan Traba, Julia Zurdo, and Margarita Reverter. "First documented case of Tawny Pipit <em>Anthus campestris</em> nest parasitism by Common Cuckoo <em>Cuculus canorus</em> in Spanish steppes." Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia 92, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rio.2022.634.

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Interspecific brood or nest parasitism is a relatively common breeding behavior in birds. Through this reproductive tactic, brood-parasites avoid the costs associated with raising and maintaining chicks by laying their eggs in the nests of the host species in which they are specialized. The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) follows this brood parasite strategy. Female cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other bird species, mimicking egg shape, size, and color of the host species. In this paper we report the first documented case of parasitism of tawny pipit nests by the common cuckoo in Spanish steppe habitats, where no record of parasitism on this species has been reported to date.
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Saino, Nicola, Diego Rubolini, Esa Lehikoinen, Leonid V. Sokolov, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Roberto Ambrosini, Giuseppe Boncoraglio, and Anders P. Møller. "Climate change effects on migration phenology may mismatch brood parasitic cuckoos and their hosts." Biology Letters 5, no. 4 (May 14, 2009): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0312.

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Phenological responses to climate change vary among taxa and across trophic levels. This can lead to a mismatch between the life cycles of ecologically interrelated populations (e.g. predators and prey), with negative consequences for population dynamics of some of the interacting species. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that climate change might disrupt the association between the life cycles of the common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ), a migratory brood parasitic bird, and its hosts. We investigated changes in timing of spring arrival of the cuckoo and its hosts throughout Europe over six decades, and found that short-distance, but not long-distance, migratory hosts have advanced their arrival more than the cuckoo. Hence, cuckoos may keep track of phenological changes of long-distance, but not short-distance migrant hosts, with potential consequences for breeding of both cuckoo and hosts. The mismatch to some of the important hosts may contribute to the decline of cuckoo populations and explain some of the observed local changes in parasitism rates of migratory hosts.
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Holmes, Richard T., and Harry F. Recher. "Search Tactics of Insectivorous Birds Foraging in an Australian Eucalypt Forest." Auk 103, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.3.515.

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Abstract The different ways birds searched for food in an Australian Eucalyptus forest led them to detect and capture different kinds of prey. Five major searching modes were identified among 23 common, mostly insectivorous bird species. These were distinguished largely by the rates, distances, and angles moved by birds while foraging and by their prey-capture behavior. Some bird species typically moved slowly, visually examining substrates at relatively long distances, and then took flight to capture prey (e.g. whistlers, flycatchers, muscicapid robins, cuckoos). Others moved at more rapid rates and either gleaned small prey from nearby substrates (e.g. thornbills, treecreepers) or flushed insects that were then pursued (e.g. fantails). Two species (Eastern Shrike-Tit, Falcunculus frontatus; White-eared Honeyeater, Meliphaga leucotis) were specialized substrate-restricted searchers, seeking invertebrate and carbohydrate foods among the exfoliating bark of Eucalyptus. The search tactics of birds in this south temperate Australian forest were similar to those of birds in a north temperate forest in New Hampshire, USA, previously reported by Robinson and Holmes (1982). The differences in food-searching behavior between these phylogenetically distinct avifaunas (e.g. search flight and prey-attack flight lengths, hop/flight ratios, foraging rates) reflect the effects of unique foliage structures (e.g. spacing of branches, arrangements of leaves) and food resources at each site. These findings support the hypothesis that habitat structure and food availability provide opportunities and constraints on how birds search for and capture food in forest habitats. These in turn are postulated to affect the success of particular bird species exploiting those habitats and thus influence bird community patterns.
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Caves, Eleanor M., Martin Stevens, Edwin S. Iversen, and Claire N. Spottiswoode. "Hosts of avian brood parasites have evolved egg signatures with elevated information content." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1810 (July 7, 2015): 20150598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0598.

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Hosts of brood-parasitic birds must distinguish their own eggs from parasitic mimics, or pay the cost of mistakenly raising a foreign chick. Egg discrimination is easier when different host females of the same species each lay visually distinctive eggs (egg ‘signatures’), which helps to foil mimicry by parasites. Here, we ask whether brood parasitism is associated with lower levels of correlation between different egg traits in hosts, making individual host signatures more distinctive and informative. We used entropy as an index of the potential information content encoded by nine aspects of colour, pattern and luminance of eggs of different species in two African bird families (Cisticolidae parasitized by cuckoo finches Anomalospiza imberbis , and Ploceidae by diederik cuckoos Chrysococcyx caprius ). Parasitized species showed consistently higher entropy in egg traits than did related, unparasitized species. Decomposing entropy into two variation components revealed that this was mainly driven by parasitized species having lower levels of correlation between different egg traits, rather than higher overall levels of variation in each individual egg trait. This suggests that irrespective of the constraints that might operate on individual egg traits, hosts can further improve their defensive ‘signatures' by arranging suites of egg traits into unpredictable combinations.
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Møller, Anders Pape, Federico Morelli, Yanina Benedetti, Timothy Mousseau, Tongping Su, Bo Zhou, Piotr Tryjanowski, and Wei Liang. "Multiple species of cuckoos are superior predictors of bird species richness in Asia." Ecosphere 8, no. 11 (November 2017): e02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2003.

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Payne, Robert B., Ian Rowley, and Laura L. Payne. "Splendid Wren Malurus Splendens Response To Cuckoos: an Experimental Test of Social Organization in a Communal Bird." Behaviour 94, no. 1-2 (1985): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853985x00299.

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AbstractA population of cooperatively breeding, group-living splendid wrens was tested with a mounted parasitic cuckoo. At all nests with incubated eggs or nestlings, wrens attacked the cuckoo. The timing and intensity of attacks was independent of the nest day and of the age and breeding experience of the wrens. The breeding female usually spotted and attacked the cuckoo first. Her mate and the nonbreeding helpers responded to her call and mobbed and attacked the cuckoo. Response was no quicker in groups with nonbreeding auxiliaries than in single pairs. Discovery time was independent of the number of birds in a group and depended on the movements of the breeding female. Most wrens fed the young and mobbed the cuckoo. When a wren did not attack, it usually was caring for the young of another breeding female or an earlier brood. Variance in helping behavior was not closely associated with variance in the genetic relationship between helper and the breeding female or the young beneficiaries of mobbing. Use of a common territory, attendance at a nest, feeding the young, and mobbing and hitting a cuckoo were all associated cooperative activities. The main limitation of cooperative behavior in defense against the cuckoo is the same as the observed constraint on care of the young during the prolonged period of parental feeding-a conflict of interest among breeding females for care of their own young.
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Medina, Iliana, and Naomi E. Langmore. "The costs of avian brood parasitism explain variation in egg rejection behaviour in hosts." Biology Letters 11, no. 7 (July 2015): 20150296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0296.

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Many bird species can reject foreign eggs from their nests. This behaviour is thought to have evolved in response to brood parasites, birds that lay their eggs in the nest of other species. However, not all hosts of brood parasites evict parasitic eggs. In this study, we collate data from egg rejection experiments on 198 species, and perform comparative analyses to understand the conditions under which egg rejection evolves. We found evidence, we believe for the first time in a large-scale comparative analysis, that (i) non-current host species have rejection rates as high as current hosts, (ii) egg rejection is more likely to evolve when the parasite is relatively large compared with its host and (iii) egg rejection is more likely to evolve when the parasite chick evicts all the host eggs from the nest, such as in cuckoos. Our results suggest that the interactions between brood parasites and their hosts have driven the evolution of egg rejection and that variation in the costs inflicted by parasites is fundamental to explaining why only some host species evolve egg rejection.
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Birkhead, T. R., N. Hemmings, C. N. Spottiswoode, O. Mikulica, C. Moskát, M. Bán, and K. Schulze-Hagen. "Internal incubation and early hatching in brood parasitic birds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1708 (September 29, 2010): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1504.

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The offspring of brood parasitic birds benefit from hatching earlier than host young. A proposed but little-known strategy to achieve this is ‘internal incubation’, by retaining the egg in the oviduct for an additional 24 h. To test this, we quantified the stage of embryo development at laying in four brood parasitic birds (European cuckoo, Cuculus canorus ; African cuckoo, Cuculus gularis ; greater honeyguide, Indicator indicator ; and the cuckoo finch, Anomalospiza imberbis ). For the two cuckoos and the honeyguide, all of which lay at 48 h intervals, embryos were at a relatively advanced stage at laying; but for the cuckoo finch (laying interval: 24 h) embryo stage was similar to all other passerines laying at 24 h intervals. The stage of embryo development in the two cuckoos and honeyguide was similar to that of a non-parasitic species that lay at an interval of 44–46 h, but also to the eggs of the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata incubated artificially at body temperature immediately after laying, for a further 24 h. Comparison with the zebra finch shows that internal incubation in the two cuckoos and honeyguide advances hatching by 31 h, a figure consistent with the difference between the expected and the observed duration of incubation in the European cuckoo predicted from egg mass. Rather than being a specific adaptation to brood parasitism, internal incubation is a direct consequence of a protracted interval between ovulation (and fertilization) and laying, but because it results in early hatching may have predisposed certain species to become brood parasitic.
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Noh, Hee-Jin, Ros Gloag, and Naomi E. Langmore. "True recognition of nestlings by hosts selects for mimetic cuckoo chicks." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1880 (June 6, 2018): 20180726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0726.

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Brood parasitic cuckoos lay their eggs in other birds' nests, whereafter the young cuckoo hatches, ejects its nest-mates and monopolizes the care of the host parents. Theory predicts that hosts should not evolve to recognize and reject cuckoo chicks via imprinting because of the risk of mistakenly imprinting on a cuckoo chick in their first brood and thereafter always rejecting their own chicks. However, recent studies have revealed that some hosts do reject cuckoo chicks from the nest, indicating that these hosts’ recognition systems either do not rely on first brood imprinting, or use cues that are independent of chick phenotype. Here, we investigate the proximate mechanisms of chick rejection behaviour in the large-billed gerygone ( Gerygone magnirostris ), a host of the little bronze-cuckoo ( Chalcites minutillus ). We find that gerygones use true template-based recognition based on at least one visual chick trait (the number of hatchling down-feathers), and that this is further mediated by experience of adult cuckoos at the nest during egg-laying. Given the theoretical constraints of acquiring recognition templates via imprinting, gerygones must possess a template of own-chick appearance that is largely innate. This true recognition has facilitated the evolution of very rapid hatchling rejection and, in turn, striking visual mimicry of host young by little bronze-cuckoo chicks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cuckoos (Bird)"

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Barber, Nicholas A. "Tritrophic interactions in forests direct and indirect interactions between birds, insect herbivores, and oaks /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2009. http://etd.umsl.edu/r3561.

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Landstrom, Michelle T. "Coevolution between pallid cuckoos Cuculus pallidus and their hosts." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151618.

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Lemos, Sharon A. C. "Host suitability in the Diderik cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius - ploceid brood parasitism breeding system." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4816.

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Host suitability is critically important to the success of brood parasitism. Parasites must select a host that not only accepts its egg but also is capable of successfully rearing the parasite to fledging. Nearly all brood-parasites appear to avoid low-quality hosts that are likely to reject their eggs, that are of inappropriate size, or that feed their nestlings nutritionally inadequate or insufficient food. The diderik cuckoo, (Chrysococcyx caprius), is an obligate brood parasite known to parasitise a wide spectrum of ploceids, including the yellow weaver (Ploceus subaureus) and the southern red bishop (Euplectes orix). Theory predicts that brood parasites should exploit insectivorous passerines of similar adult size to themselves that provision large quantities of high protein food to their young. However, the relatively smaller granivorous red bishop is the most heavily parasitised host species of the diderik cuckoo in southern Africa. To investigate why an apparently unsuitable host species was so heavily parasitized several populations of parasitised red bishops and yellow weavers (omnivores) were studied in the Pietermaritzburg region, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Host suitability was assessed by examining diet quality, host-provisioning rates, cuckoo nestling growth and cuckoo fledging success. Diderik cuckoo nestlings were provisioned the same diet as the host nestlings in red bishop and yellow weaver nests. However, cuckoos in bishop nests received a protein-deficient seed diet from as early as six days following hatching. In contrast, weaver-cuckoo faeces contained 1~ times more insect than their bishop counterparts throughout their nestling period. Provisioning rates by bishop females were significantly slower than by yellow weavers, and neither bishop nor weaver hosts showed any 'supernormal' effort when feeding a young cuckoo. Both host species provisioned cuckoo nestlings at a similar rate and with a similar food mass as their own nestlings. Diderik cuckoos in bishop nests grew at a slower rate and fledged in a poorer condition than their yellow weaver counterparts. Red bishops are likely the most exploited host of the diderik cuckoo because i) cuckoo eggs are more readily accepted by the less discriminating bishop and ii) the bishop-breeding season coincides more closely with that ofthe diderik cuckoo than the yellow weaver. Thus, diderik cuckoos may preferentially exploit bishop hosts because of the low frequency of cuckoo egg rejection, which ultimately results in many cuckoos fledging from bishop nests despite the lowquality diet provisioned and 53% (n = 53) fledging success in nests of this species. In the yellow weaver system, the protein-rich diet and the greater probability of cuckoo nestling survival (80%, n = 5) may compensate for the high rejection rate of cuckoo eggs by this host. Thus, both host systems seem to represent evolutionary compromises for the diderik cuckoo, with neither red bishops nor yellow weavers being entirely ideal as host species.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
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Medina-Guzman, Iliana. "Macroevolutionary outcomes of coevolution between avian brood parasites and their hosts." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/101811.

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Almost one hundred bird species in the world are known to be obligate interspecific brood parasites. These lay their eggs in the nests of other species, their hosts, which take care of a usually larger parasitic chick. Brood parasitism constitutes one of the best examples of coevolution in the animal kingdom. This strategy is usually costly to the host, and has led to the evolution of a suite of adaptations in hosts, in order to defend themselves against parasitism, and in parasites, in order to effectively parasitize their hosts. In this thesis I explore the effects of brood parasitism on macro-evolutionary patterns in both hosts and parasites. In the first six chapters of my thesis I explore how defences evolve in hosts. First I present a literature review about the evolution of egg acceptance and tolerance mechanisms in hosts of brood parasites, in which I discuss how other co-evolutionary interactions, such as those between plants and herbivores, may be informative for understanding brood parasitic systems. In the second chapter I perform a large-scale comparative analysis on the evolution of clutch size as a tolerance mechanism in hosts. This chapter also incorporates a mathematical model and a field experiment on the Horsfield’s bronze-cuckoo Chalcites basalis. In the third chapter I investigate why one type of defence, egg rejection, evolves in some host species and not in others. In the fourth chapter I present a comparative analysis which tests the idea that the benefits of group defence against brood parasites has led to the evolution of cooperative breeding in hosts. For the fifth and sixth chapters, I describe field experiments to test the evolution of defences in the yellow-rumped thornbill (Acanthiza chrysorrhoa), the main host of the shining bronze-cuckoo (Chalcites lucidus) in Australia. My main aim is to understand which types of defences have evolved in this major host. I also perform field experiments to understand which factors constrain the evolution of defences in this species. In the second part of my thesis I study how brood parasitism can be associated with the evolution of diversity in both hosts and parasites, especially in traits that are likely to be under selective pressures, such as the egg phenotype. In chapter 7 I study how egg phenotype has evolved to be more diverse within and among species that are hosts of brood parasites. In chapter 8 I explore whether a brood parasitic breeding strategy promotes the generation of new species and phenotypic diversity. Specifically, I test whether brood parasitic lineages have faster rates of speciation and phenotypic evolution. Finally, in chapter 9, I discuss how together, these chapters offer a broad evolutionary landscape that demonstrate the diverse impacts of brood parasitism as a co-evolutionary interaction. I provide evidence that brood parasitism, besides driving the evolution of defenses, is linked to trait diversity, and may be an important force behind the evolution of clutch size, cooperative breeding, egg pattern, egg size and plumage diversity.
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Jelínek, Václav. "Úloha hnízda při reprodukci rákosníka velkého." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-266955.

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7 Abstract Bird nests protect eggs and nestlings, allowing the parents to leave their offspring and subsequently return to them. Their thermoregulatory properties reduce energetic costs of incubation and brooding of nestlings. For all these reasons, nests are key structures for the reproduction of a majority of avian species and as such they should be subject to natural selection. Several hypotheses describing selection pressures which affect the size of nests or some of their parts have been suggested. In my PhD thesis, I investigated some of them in the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) - an open nesting passerine species with very variable nest size. For this purpose, I used a large dataset of several hundred measured great reed warbler nests, nest enlargement experiments and an experiment with artificial nests. In accordance with previous studies, we did not find that nest size affects the probability of common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) brood parasitism, while it was influenced by other factors, such as timing of breeding, reed density around the nest and nest visibility from the nearest potential cuckoo perch site. More interestingly, we found that cuckoos adjust their nest-searching strategy in relation to availability of host nests. When host nests were scarce, cuckoos parasitized all of...
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Books on the topic "Cuckoos (Bird)"

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Corbalis, Judy. The cuckoo bird. [New York, NY]: HarperCollins, 1991.

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Laymon, Stephen A., Pamela L. Williams, and Mary D. Halterman. Breeding status of the yellow-billed cuckoo in the South Fork Kern River Valley, Kern County, California: Summary report 1985-1996. Weldon, Calif: Kern River Research Center, 1997.

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Cuckoos, cowbirds and other cheats. London: T & A D Poyser, 2000.

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Kukushka v slavi︠a︡nskom folʹklore. Sankt-Peterburg: Filologicheskiĭ fakulʹtet Sankt-Peterburgskogo gos. universiteta, 2002.

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Halterman, Murrelet. Final report for the 2006-2007 yellow-billed cuckoo project. [Weldon, Calif.]: Southern Sierra Research Station, 2008.

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ill, Fellows Stanley 1957, ed. The cuckoo's haiku. Somerville, Mass: Candlewick Press, 2009.

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Cuckoo! London: Hodder Children's Books, 2013.

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Song of the cuckoo bird: A novel. New York: Ballantine Books, 2006.

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McCarthy, Michael. Say goodbye to the cuckoo. London: John Murray, 2009.

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Zen: The solitary bird, cuckoo of the forest. Cologne, West Germany: Rebel Pub. House, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cuckoos (Bird)"

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Johnson, Erik I., and Jared D. Wolfe. "Cuculidae (Cuckoos, Roadrunners, and Anis)." In Molt in Neotropical Birds, 57–58. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Studies in avian biology: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315119755-8.

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Jain, Shashank. "Birds: Particle Swarm and Cuckoo Search Optimization." In Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms with Java, 81–126. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7401-9_3.

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Mayr, Gerald. "Columbiformes (doves and sandgrouse), Cuculiformes (cuckoos), and other neoavian taxa of uncertain affinities." In Paleogene Fossil Birds, 111–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89628-9_11.

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Mayr, Gerald. "Opisthocomiformes (Hoatzins), “Columbaves” (Doves, Cuckoos, Bustards, and Allies), and Strisores (Nightjars, Swifts, Hummingbirds, and Allies)." In Paleogene Fossil Birds, 93–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87645-6_6.

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Abbott, Martin, and Daniel Large. "Natural Imposters? A Cuckoo View of Social Relations." In The Imposter as Social Theory, 127–46. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529213072.003.0006.

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Avian brood parasites like the cuckoo lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. This reproductive strategy has fascinated peoples around the world for millennia. Fascination with the cuckoo is animated by uncertainty about how to understand the bird’s behaviour, which offends norms of reproductive, familial, and intimate conduct. In these heartfelt matters, the cuckoo’s nesting behaviour is entangled with preoccupations of imposture. To analyse how this entanglement works, the chapter draws on select passages that reference the bird from The Midwich Cuckoos, Wuthering Heights, and Othello: The Moor of Venice. In these texts, the cuckoo’s entanglement with imposture ruptures social and moral orders and casts characters’ values and commitments in a new light, making it an evocative and enduring literary device for re-envisioning social relations from a cuckoo perspective.
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Lewis, Adrian, and Derek Pomeroy. "Family Cuculidae: Cuckoos, Coucals." In A Bird Atlas of Kenya, 223–31. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315136264-48.

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"Cuckoos." In Birds of Australia, 202–7. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400865109.202.

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"CUCKOOS." In Birds of Nicaragua, 58–63. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501709500-013.

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"CUCKOOS." In Birds of Western Ecuador, 140–41. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400880706-055.

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"Cuckoos – Cuculiformes." In Birds of Maine, 162–64. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11699m4.16.

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Reports on the topic "Cuckoos (Bird)"

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DeSaix, Matthew. Bird community monitoring at New River Gorge National River, Gauley River National Recreation Area, and Bluestone National Scenic River, 1997 - 2018. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289846.

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Birds are prominent features of National Park Service lands and are effective indicators for monitoring ecosystem health. Assessing the temporal change of avian species abundance depends on long-term monitoring of bird communities and trends, however long-term monitoring programs are generally uncommon. In this report, we summarize 22 years (1997-2018) of point count data across five sites on West Virginia National Park Service lands (three in New River Gorge National River, one in Gauley River National Recreation Area, and one in Bluestone National Scenic River) and compare these results to our analysis of Breeding Bird Survey data for the same time period across all of West Virginia. The objectives of this analysis are two-fold: 1) describe the biotic integrity of the National Park Service lands in West Virginia and 2) Quantify trends in guilds and species abundance. During the 20-year period of this survey, 85 breeding resident species were detected. The West Virginia National Park Service lands are home to stable populations of Wood Thrush and Yellow-billed Cuckoo, both species of continental concern by Partners in Flight. Seven species have declined precipitously on NPS lands during this time period. Three of these species are also experiencing declines across the rest of West Virginia (Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Carolina Chickadee, Kentucky Warbler), but the other 4 species are stable across West Virginia (Acadian Flycatcher, Black-throated Green Warbler, Northern Parula, Swainson’s Warbler). Four species that are declining across West Virginia (Great Crested Flycatcher, Indigo Bunting, Red-eyed Vireo, and Worm-eating Warbler) are stable on southern West Virginia NPS lands. Additionally, the upper-canopy foraging guild of species has decreased significantly on NPS lands in southern West Virginia. An analysis of community biotic integrity revealed that the southern West Virginia NPS lands have been stable at a rating of high biotic integrity every year for the duration of this survey. Future research should delve into the underlying factors that may be driving the trends in abundance at different scales.
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