To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cu-Ni-In.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cu-Ni-In'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cu-Ni-In.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bochi, Gabriel 1969. "Magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Ni/Cu (001) thin films and Cu/Ni/Cu (001) sandwiches." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11514.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1995.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-161).
by Gabriel Bochi.
Ph.D.
2
Ha, Kin 1966. "Magnetoelastic couplings in epitaxial Cu/Ni/Cu/Si(001)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85312.
Full text
3
Zhaojiang, Li. "Hardness characteristics in electrodeposited Cu/Ni multilayer systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0020/MQ52687.pdf.
Full text
4
Coin, Kévin. "The Älgliden Ni-Cu-Au sulfide deposit, Skellefte Belt, Sweden : a magmatic Ni-Cu deposit in a subduction setting." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU034/document.
Full textAbstract:
La plupart des gisements de Ni-Cu sont issus de magmas komatiitique ou tholéiitique associés à des panaches mantelliques. Leur genèse fait intervenir l’exsolution d’un liquide sulfuré immiscible, l’interaction entre les liquides silicaté et sulfuré afin de concentrer ce-dernier en éléments chalcophiles, et l’accumulation du liquide sulfuré en quantités économiques. La saturation en sulfure est généralement atteinte en réduisant la solubilité des sulfures. Celle-ci se fait par assimilation de roches encaissantes siliceuses et/ou sulfurés.Le dyke d’Älgliden de la ceinture de Skellefte, en Suède, contient des sulfures de Cu et Ni dont les quantités ne sont actuellement pas économiques. La minéralisation d’Älgliden est atypique dans la mesure où elle contient d’importantes teneurs en Au, elle a un faible rapport Ni/Cu et enfin est formé dans un contexte de subduction. Le dyke recoupe un gisement porphyrique à Cu-Au contenant des sulfures ce qui laisse suggérer que la minéralisation d’Älgliden est formée par assimilation.Les objectifs de ce projet de recherche étaient d’examiner les processus de formation de la minéralisation d’Älgliden et son potentiel minier ainsi que de mieux comprendre la formation des gisements à Ni-Cu en contexte de subduction. Ce travail inclut l’étude pétrologique du minerai et de ses roches hôtes, la détermination de compositions minérales, l’analyse des éléments majeurs et traces sur roche totale et enfin des analyses des isotopes du soufre. Ce projet a été financé par la compagnie Boliden qui détient le gisement d’Älgliden.Le dyke est composé en majeure partie de norite à olivines, et minoritairement de leucogabbros. Les compositions sur roches totales, les textures magmatiques et les compositions minérales suggèrent que les norites à olivine se sont formées par accumulation d’olivine tandis que les leucogabbros représentent des liquides résiduels avec ou sans cristaux cumulus de plagioclase ± orthopyroxene. Les norites sont interprétées comme étant formées par une ou deux injections de bouillie cristalline suivie de cristallisation fractionnée. Le magma parent des roches d’Älgliden était un basalte hydraté et évolué dont la teneur en MgO est estimé à 6%.Le minerai sulfuré est principalement disséminé à travers l’ensemble de l’intrusion d’Älgliden. Quelques concentrations modérées de minerai se présentent sous la forme de sulfures en réseaux, de veines de sulfures et de sulfures massifs, lesquelles sont spatialement associées aux leucogabbros et aux xénolites de l’encaissant. L’association entre les leucogabbros et les concentrations en sulfures, leur faible teneur en métaux et leur faible rapport Ni/Cu suggèrent que la phase sulfuré s’est exsolvée tardivement au cours de la différentiation magmatique. Ce timing semble défavorable pour la minéralisation d’Älgliden puisqu’il inhibe à la fois l’interaction entre les liquides silicaté et sulfuré et l’accumulation du liquide sulfuré.La contamination du magma d’Älgliden par son encaissant n’est pas corroboré par les concentrations en élément trace et les compositions isotopiques du soufre. En revanche, ces données indiquent que le magma d’Älgliden s’est mis en place dans une zone de subduction où l’on pense que la saturation en sulfure a été atteinte par réduction d’un magma oxydé et riche en élément volatiles, via la cristallisation de magnétite et/ou dégazage. Les valeurs positives de δ34S suggèrent que l’apport de matériel dérivé du slab est responsable du caractère oxydé du magma d’Älgliden.L’état d’oxydation des magmas d’arc leur permet de dissoudre de grandes quantités de S et d’Au. Leur caractère évolué est responsable de leur fortes concentrations relatives en Au et leur faible rapport Ni/Cu. Ainsi, en contexte subduction les sulfures magmatiques sont susceptibles d’avoir ces caractéristiques, et si l’exsolution du liquide sulfuré a lieu plus tôt que dans le cas d’Älgliden cela pourrait conduire à la formation de gisements économiquesMost major sulfide Ni-Cu deposits originated from komatiitic or tholeiitic magmas that formed in association with mantle plumes. Their genesis involves the segregation of a immiscible sulfide liquid, reaction of the sulfide liquid with silicate melt to upgrade the sulfide in chalcophile elements, and the concentration of the sulfide liquid in economic amounts. Saturation in sulfide is commonly achieved by lowering the sulfide solubility via assimilation of siliceous wall rock or by increasing the S content by adding S-bearing materials.The Älgliden dike in the Skellefte Belt in Sweden contains currently uneconomic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization. The Älgliden mineralization is atypical insofar as it contains a significant amount of Au, has a low Ni/Cu ratio and formed in a subduction-related geodynamic setting. The host intrusion intrudes sulfide-bearing Cu-Au porphyry mineralization which led to the suggestion that the Älgliden Ni-Cu-Au mineralization was linked to the assimilation of sulfide-bearing wall rocks.The goals of this research project were to investigate the ore forming processes of the Älgliden mineralization and its ore potential, as well as to improve our understanding of the genesis of Ni-Cu deposits in subduction zones. The work is based on a petrological study of the ore and its host rocks, determination of mineral compositions, analyses of major and trace elements in bulk rocks, and sulfur isotope analyses. This was supported by the Boliden company which owns the deposit.The dike is composed mainly of olivine norites with minor leucogabbros. Bulk rock compositions, magmatic textures and mineral compositions suggest that the olivine norites formed by accumulation of olivine and that the leucogabbros represent residual melts with or without cumulus plagioclase ± orthopyroxene. The norites are interpreted to form by one or two injections of an olivine-rich crystal mush and subsequent fractional crystallization. The parental melt of the Älgliden rocks was a hydrous and evolved basalt estimated to contain ≈6 wt.% MgO.The sulfide ore is mainly disseminated throughout the whole Älgliden intrusion. Some weak ore concentrations occur as network to vein and massive sulfides that are spatially associated with the leucogabbros and wallrock xenoliths. The association between the leucogabbros and the concentrations of sulfide, their low ore grade and Ni/Cu ratio suggest that the sulfide segregated late in the differentiation process. This timing appears unfavorable for the Älgliden mineralization because it inhibited both sulfide-silicate liquid interaction and the accumulation of sulfide.Contamination of the Älgliden magma by its wall rocks is not supported by trace element data and S isotope compositions. Instead these data indicate that the Älgliden magma was emplaced above a subduction zone where the sulfide saturation is thought to occur by reduction of the oxidized and volatile-rich magma by magnetite fractionation and/or by degassing. Positive δ34S values suggest addition of slab-derived material which is thought to be responsible for the oxidized character of the Älgliden magma.The oxidation state of arc magmas allows them to carry large amounts of S and Au. Their evolved character is also responsible for their relatively high Au contents and low Ni/Cu. Such characteristics are likely to occur in magmatic sulfide mineralization in subduction zone settings, and if sulfide liquid segregation had occurred earlier than at Älgliden the process may have produced economic sulfide deposits
5
Othen, Peter. "A study of copper precipitation in Fe-Cu and Fe-Cu-Ni model alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333362.
Full text
6
Lapolli, André Luis. "Estudo de interações hiperfinas em compostos intermetálicos Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In e Ho(Ni,Pd)In." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-04042012-090858/.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho investigou-se o comportamento sistemático do campo hiperfino magnético nos compostos intermetálicos Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In , Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In e Ho(Ni,Pd)In, com a técnica de Correlação Angular γ-γ Perturbada, nos sítios dos elementos terras raras com o núcleo de prova 140Ce e no sítio do In com o núcleo de prova 111Cd. Os resultados obtidos da dependência com a temperatura do Campo Hiperfino Magnético (Bhf) de cada composto foram primeiramente comparados com a teoria do campo molecular por meio da função de Brillouin, da qual foram extrapolados os valores de saturação de Bhf para cada composto estudado. Os valores extrapolados a zero Kelvin de Bhf (Bhf(T=0)) para os compostos estudados neste trabalho foram usados na comparação com valores de Bhf da literatura para outros compostos contendo o mesmo elemento R (R=Terra Rara). O resultado mostrou uma dependência linear com a temperatura de ordenamento magnético, o mesmo previsto pelo modelo RKKY o que indica que a principal contribuição para Bhf vem da polarização dos elétrons de condução (CEP) via interação de contato de Fermi. O comportamento de Bhf saturado para cada família de compostos de terras raras pesados RNiIn e RPdIn como função da projeção do spin 4f do elemento R mostrou também uma relação linear, com exceção dos resultados para os compostos RNiIn obtidos com 111Cd onde foi observado um leve desvio da linearidade. Foi feita uma investigação dos parâmetros hiperfinos elétricos em função da temperatura para os compostos RPdIn e GdNiIn com o núcleo de prova 111Cd, e os resultados mostram que para o composto GdPdIn pode ocorrer desordem Gd-In a altas temperaturas.Systematic behavior of magnetic hyperfine field (Bhf) in the intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In , Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In was studied by Perturbed Gamma-Gamma Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The measurements of Bhf were carried out at the rare earth atom and In sites using the nuclear probes 140Ce and 111In respectively. The variation of hyperfine field with temperature, in most cases, follows the Brillouin function predicted from the molecular field theory. The hyperfine field values at rare earth atom sites obtained from 140Ce probe as well as at In sites obtained from 111In probe for each series of compounds were extrapolated to zero Kelvin Bhf(T=0) from these curves. These values were compared with the values of the literature for other compounds containing the same rare earth element and all of them show a linear relationship with the ordering temperature. This indicates that the main contribution to Bhf comes from the conduction electron polarization (CEP) through Fermi contact interaction and the principal mechanism of magnetic interaction in these compounds can be described by the RKKY type interaction. The values of Bhf(T=0) for each family of intermetallic compounds RNiIn and RPdIn when plotted as a function of 4f spin projection of rare earth element also shows a linear relationship. Exceptions are the results for the compounds RNiIn obtained with 111Cd probe where a small deviation from linearity is observed. The results of the measurements carried out with the 111Cd probe were also analyzed to obtain the hyperfine parameters of the quadrupole interaction as a function of temperature for RPdIn and GdNiIn compounds. The results show that for the compound GdPdIn there might be some Gd-In disorder at high temperature.
7
LAPOLLI, ANDRE L. "Estudo de interações hiperfinas em compostos intermetálicos Gd(Ni, Pd, Cu)In, Tb(Ni, Pd)In, Dy(Ni, Pd)In e Ho(Ni, Pd)In." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11371.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
8
Manrique-Arias, J. C., and M. A. Avila-Rodriguez. "Metallic impurities in the Cu-fraction of Ni targets prepared from NiCl2 solutions." Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-166457.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction
Copper-64 is an emerging radionuclide with applications in PET molecular imaging and/or internal therapy and it is typically produced by proton irradiation of isotopically enriched 64Ni electrodeposited on a suitable backing substrate. We recently reported a simple and efficient method for the preparation of nickel targets from electrolytic solutions of nickel chloride and boric acid [1]. Herein we report our recent research work on the analysis of metallic impurities in the copper-fraction of the radiochemical separation process.
Material and Methods
Nickel targets were prepared and processed as previously reported [1]. Briefly, the bath solution was composed of a mixture of natural NiCl2. 6H2O (135 mg/ml) and H3BO3 (15 mg/ml) and Ni was electrodeposited using a gold disk as cathode and a platinum wire as anode. The plating process was carried out at room temperature using 2 ml of bath solution (pH = 3.7) and a constant current density of 60 mA/cm2 for 1 hour. The unirradiated Ni targets were dissolved in 1–2 ml of concentrated (10M) HCl at 90 oC. After complete dissolution of the Ni layer, water was added to dilute the acid to 6M, and the solution was transferred onto a chromatographic column containing AG 1-X8 resin equilibrated with 6M HCl. The Ni , Co and Cu isotopes were separated by using the well-known chromatography of the chloro-complexes. The sample-fractions containing the Cu isotopes (15 ml, 0.1M HCl) were collected in plastic centrifuge tubes previously soaked in 1M HNO3 and rinsed with Milli-Q water (18 MΩ cm). Impurities of B, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn in these samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) at the Department of Geosciences (Laboratory of Isotopic Studies) of the National University.
Results and Conclusions
The mass of Ni deposited in 1 h was 25.0 ± 1.0 mg (n = 3) and the current efficiency was > 75 % in all cases. The pH of the electrolytic solution tended to decrease along the electrodeposition process (3.71.6). The results of ICP-MS analysis of the Cu-fractions from the cold chromatography separation runs are shown in FIG. 1. We were particularly interested in the boron impurities as H3BO3 is used as buffer for electrodeposition of the Ni targets.
Except for the Ni impurities that were deter-mined to be in the range of ppm (mg/l), all other analyzed metallic impurities were found to be in the range of ppb (µg/l), including boron. The Co, Ni, Cu and Zn impurities determined in the Cu-fraction in this work using Ni targets electrode-posited from a NiCl2 acidic solution, are in the same order of magnitude compared with that obtained when using targets prepared from an alkaline solution [2], with the advantage of the simplicity of the electrodeposition method from NiCl2 solutions, as the target material is already recovered in the chemical form of NiCl2, enabling a simpler, one step process to prepare a new plating solution when using enriched 64Ni target material for the production of 64Cu.
9
Inglefield, Heather Elizabeth. "Misfit accomodation in thin films of Ni/Cu as measured by magnetic anisotropy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32659.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-137).
by Heather Elizabeth Inglefield.
Ph.D.
10
MacNicol, Roger. "The forms of combination of Cu, Ni and Zn in anaerobic sewage sludge." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ddd31ded-57f0-415d-9ab7-a390b9c8632a.
Full textAbstract:
As a first step in understanding the chemistry of toxic elements in sludged soil, this thesis presents a comprehensive model of their chemistry in the digester. A review of the literature had shown that heavy metals were likely to be held in 3 pools: as precipitated and detrital mineral phases 'Particulate'; as complexes with the flocculated biomass 'Biofloc'; and as complexes in solution 'Soluble'. A simple pragmatic fractionation procedure has been offered to separate these 3 pools based on their physical properties in water. A mass-balance between the pools showed that the 'Particulate' fraction held only 5-16% of the heavy metals but contained them in the highest concentration. The 'Biofloc' held 82-94% of the heavy metals. The 'Particulate' material was subdivided by density separation and examined by a combination of analytical SEM and XRD. Thirty-four minerals were identified by XRD, many of which were detrital. Secondary precipitates on the surface of detrital minerals were revealed by the SEM; of these only the sulphides were found to contain detectable levels of heavy metals. Eleven minerals were identified in the 'Biofloc', of which most were clays. The fractionation scheme defined 2 fractions that could hold heavy metals by complexation. The 'Soluble' had a CEC of 8.8 meq/gm and the 'Biofloc' 4 meq/gm. Complexation by the heavy metals and a few other important cations was measured. A thermodynamic model was built which describes the possible solution species, mineral phases and complexation by the biomass in terms of a set of 33 primary components. This model was solved by computer for an 'average' sludge based on published analyses, and considered 313 solution species, 42 exchange reactions and 129 possible minerals. The predicted speciation was broadly in line with observations and suggested that the majority of the heavy metals separating with the 'Biofloc' would have been held as fine enmeshed sulphide precipitates. The model may be used with existing programs such as MINEQL and GEOCHEM. Preliminary studies have shown that with a few additions the model may be used to describe the heavy metals in sludged soil.
11
Shueh, Yinsheng. "Intermetallic phase formation and breakdown of Mo diffusion barriers in Ni-Mo-Cu and Ni-Mo-Monel 400 diffusion triads /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487595712157707.
Full text
12
Oh, Minseok. "Growth kinetics of intermetallic phases in the Cu-Sn binary and the Cu-Ni-Sn ternary systems at low temperatures." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 1994. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9513132.
Full text
13
Bicker, Matthias. "Strukturelle Änderungen in dünnen amorphen Zr-Al-Ni-Cu- und Ta-Si-N-Schichten." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960137440.
Full text
14
Lin, Chun-Sien. "The breakdown of Ag diffusion barrier in the model Cu-Ag-Ni diffusion triple /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487259580261377.
Full text
15
MacFarlane, Bryan Matthew. "The partitioning and distribution of Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cu in western Lake Erie sediments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0012/MQ52473.pdf.
Full text
16
Song, Qian. "Composition dependence of superconductivity in YBa₂(Cu₁₋ x̳Ax̳)₃O₆₊[delta] system with A = Zn, Ni /." This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04122010-083602/.
Full text
17
MOTTA, MARCELO SENNA. "IN-SITU REDUCTION SYNTHESIS AND MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CU-AL2O3 E NI-AL2O3 NANO-COMPOSITES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4062@1.
Full textAbstract:
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOOs compósitos Cu-Al2O3 possuem excelente resistência a recozimentos em altas temperaturas bem como altas condutividades térmica e elétrica. Uma dispersão nanométrica uniforme de partículas cerâmicas na matriz metálica confere características únicas ao material, possibilitando a sua utilização como, por exemplo, resfriadores ativos. Por outro lado, estas propriedades são essencialmente dependentes da microestrutura do material, que por sua vez, varia de acordo com o método de preparação adotado. Os principais objetivos do presente trabalho são a introdução de um novo método de síntese e a caracterização microestrutural dos nano-compósitos Cu- Al2O3 e Ni- Al2O3. Este método é dividido em dois processos, ambos combinando as características de uma rota química para a preparação de uma mistura em pó de CuO ou NiO e Al2O3, com as vantagens do processamento in-situ de materiais, através da redução preferencial com H2 do CuO ou NiO. No processo 1, o Al2O3 é formado in-situ através da adição de uma solução de Al(NO3) 3 ao pó de CuO ou NiO. No processo 2, tanto o CuO ou NiO como o Al2O3 são formados in-situ a partir de uma solução contendo os nitratos de Cu ou Ni e Al. Os estudos termodinâmicos e cinéticos apresentados mostraram que as reduções do CuO para Cu e do NiO para Ni são viáveis, mesmo em baixas temperaturas (200-400oC). Amostras de Cu- Al2O3 (0,5, 1 e 5% em peso) foram analisadas por difração de Raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) convencional, de alta resolução e de varredura. Os cristais de Cu da matriz variam de 50 a 250/300 nm para o Cu- Al2O3 (5% em peso)-processo 1 e possuem um tamanho médio de 500/600 nm para os compósitos contendo 0,5 e 1% em peso de Al2O3, também preparados pelo processo 1. O diâmetro das partículas de Al2O3 varia de 10 a 60/70 nm. Os nano- compósitos Cu- Al2O3 (0,5, 1 e 5 % em peso)-processo 2 possuem uma microestrutura formada por uma distribuição homogênea de Cu, Al e O. Os nano-compósitos preparados por ambos os processos apresentaram a formação de uma terceira fase, que pode ser CuAlO2 ou CuAl2O4. Nano-compósitos Ni- Al2O3 (0,5% em peso)-processo 2 também foram obtidos com sucesso, apresentando uma microestrutura similar a do Cu- Al2O3. Ligas Cu-Ni também foram obtidas em baixas temperaturas (400oC) através da redução por H2 de uma mistura de CuO-NiO preparada através do processo 2.
Cu-Al2O3 composites are reported to have excellent resistance to high temperature annealing as well as high thermal and electrical conductivities. The uniform dispersion of nanometric ceramic particles in the metallic matrix provides unique characteristics to the material, enabling their application in high temperature and corrosive atmospheres. The special physico-chemical and mechanical properties are essentially dependent on the material`s microstructure, which in turn, will vary according to the composite preparation method. The main objectives of the present work are the introduction of a novel method for the preparation of Cu-Al2O3, Ni-Al2O3 nano- scale composites and their characterization. The preparation method is divided into two processes. In process 1, Al2O3 is formed in-situ by the addition of Al (NO3)3 solution to CuO powder, while in process 2, CuO or NiO and Al2O3 are formed in-situ from a water solution containing the dissolved nitrates of Cu or Ni and Al. Both the processes combine the advantages of chemical routes with that of in-situ processing, through the preferential H2 reduction of the CuO or NiO, contained in the mixture. The thermodynamics and kinetics studies presented have shown that the reductions of CuO to Cu and NiO to Ni are viable at a very low temperature (200-450oC). The Cu-Al2O3 (0.5, 1 and 5 wt%) specimens thus prepared have been examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and conventional, high resolution and scanning transmission electron microscopy (CTEM, HRTEM and STEM). The Cu crystals range from 50 to 300 nm for the Cu-Al2O3 (5 wt%)-process 1 and have an average grain size of 500/600 nm for the Cu-Al2O3 (0,5 and 1 wt%)-process 1, while the Al2O3 particles range from 10 to 60/70 nm in all cases. The Cu- Al2O3 (0.5, 1 and 5 %Peso)-process 2 composites are composed of a homogeneous dispersion of Cu, Al and O. Composites prepared by both the processes, have exhibited the formation of a third phase, which is suggested to be CuAlO2 and/or CuAl2O4. The Ni-Al2O3 (0.5 wt%) nano-scale composites have also been successfully prepared through process 2 and their characterization revealed a microstructure similar to that of the Cu-Al2O3 samples. By applying process 2, it has also been possible to co-form CuO and NiO. This co-formed oxide mixture has been reduced in H2 atmosphere at a low temperature of 400oC to produce a homogeneous nano-powder of a Cu-Ni (50 at%) alloy.
18
Olivier, Louis. "Nuclear structure in the vicinity of ⁷⁸Ni : in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of ⁷⁹Cu through proton knockout." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS212/document.
Full textAbstract:
La structure nucléaire en couches évolue en allant vers des régions de plus en plus exotiques de la carte des noyaux, et par conséquent, les nombres magiques conventionnels (8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126) peuvent disparaître loin de la stabilité, tandis que de nouveaux nombres magiques peuvent apparaître. Le noyau de ⁷⁸Ni, avec 28 protons et 50 neutrons, est un des noyaux supposés doublement magiques les plus exotiques et est donc d'un grand intérêt. L'évolution de la fermeture de couche à Z = 28 en allant vers N = 50 peut être étudiée en sondant le caractère de particule individuelle des niveaux dans la chaîne isotopique de cuivre, ayant un proton de plus que le nickel. Ce travail porte sur le ⁷⁹Cu, à N = 50. Afin d'effectuer la première spectroscopie gamma en ligne des noyaux autour du ⁷⁸Ni, une expérience a été réalisée à la Radioactive Ion Beam Factory du RIKEN, au Japon. Le noyau de ⁷⁹Cu était produit par la réaction de knockout (p,2p) à partir d'un faisceau de ⁸⁰Zn envoyé sur le dispositif MINOS, une cible d'hydrogène liquide couplée à une TPC servant à reconstruire la trajectoire des protons. L'émission de rayons gamma subséquente était détectée en vol par le scintillateur segmenté DALI2. Les spectromètres BigRIPS et ZeroDegree permettaient, respectivement, une identification sans ambiguïté des noyaux entrants et sortants.Une procédure d'analyse basée sur des coïncidences gamma-gamma a permis de construire le premier schéma de niveau du ⁷⁹Cu, avec des états jusqu'à 4.6 MeV, et les résultats ont été comparés à des calculs de modèle en couches Monte Carlo. Les conclusions montrent que le noyau de ⁷⁹Cu est bien décrit en termes d'un proton de valence en dehors d'un cœur fermé de ⁷⁸Ni, ce qui implique le caractère magique de ce dernierThe nuclear shell structure is evolving when going into more and more exotic regions of the chart of isotopes and consequently, the conventional magic numbers (8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126) may disappear far from stability, while some new magic numbers can appear. The ⁷⁸Ni nucleus, with its 28 protons and 50 neutrons, is one of the most exotic supposedly doubly-magic nuclei, making it of great interest. The evolution of the Z = 28 gap towards N = 50 can be studied by probing the single-particle character of the states in the copper isotopic chain, having one proton more than nickel. This work focuses on Cu, at N = 50.In the aim of performing the first in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of nuclei in the close vicinity of ⁷⁸Ni, an experiment was carried out at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory of RIKEN, in Japan. The ⁷⁹Cu nucleus was produced through the (p,2p) knockout reaction from a ⁸⁰Zn beam sent on the MINOS device, a liquid-hydrogen target coupled to a TPC used for proton tracking. The subsequent gamma-decay was detected in-beam with the DALI2 scintillator array. The BigRIPS and ZeroDegree spectrometers allowed an unambiguous identification of the incoming and outgoing nuclei, respectively.An analysis procedure based on gamma-gamma coincidences permitted to build the first level scheme of ⁷⁹Cu, with levels up to 4.6 MeV, and the results were compared to Monte-Carlo shell-model calculations for interpretation. The conclusions show that the ⁷⁹Cu nucleus is well described in terms of a valence proton outside a closed ⁷⁸Ni core, implying the magic character of the latter
19
Yu, Zhiqiang. "Transient Studies of Ni-, Cu-Based Electrocatalysts in CH4 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1194625466.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2007."December, 2007." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 03/12/2008) Advisor, Steven S. C. Chuang; Committee members, Lu-Kwang Ju, Edward Evans, W. B. Arbuckle, Stephen Z. D. Cheng; Department Chair, Lu-Kwang Ju; Dean of the College, George K. Haritos; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
20
Kämäräinen, A. (Anne). "GIS-based spatial assessment of Au, Ni and Cu-Zn exploration conducted in Central Finnish Lapland." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201705181953.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this Master’s project was to produce a statistical dataset on orogenic gold, magmatic nickel-copper sulfide and volcanogenic massive sulfide copper-zinc exploration performed in Finnish Central Lapland over the past 20 years and to produce a time series of areas covered by Au, Ni, Cu and Zn exploration tenements. Secondly, the aim was also to give an overview on the mining history and to create a raster intensity map of already found ore in the study area and to spatially compare this to pre-existing mineral potential maps. The study area in question is defined by the GovAda project and a considerable part of its bedrock is composed of volcanic and sedimentary rocks belonging to the Central Lapland greenstone belt. This work is mainly based on a database of exploration tenements of Finland obtained from the Finnish Safety and Chemical Agency, the Fennoscandian Ore Deposit Database, and information on historic and current mine areas and their production. The preliminary data manipulation was primarily conducted using ArcGIS in conjunction with MS Excel, and resulted in total of 1938 claims to work with.
The results show that the exploration ‘boom’ in the study area has been ongoing since 2003 and that the metal prices and the amount of investment can be used as a reliable predictor of change in areas of active exploration tenements mainly for orogenic gold. In the case of magmatic Ni-Cu, the independent variables are more unstable and therefore are not as reliable. For the VMS type, it was impossible to produce a time series and calculate correlations due to the fact that there have only been 3 exploration tenements granted towards VMS exploration during the time period of interest. Based on spatial comparison of the raster intensity maps, locations of exploration tenements and mineral potential maps, the already known deposits are all located mainly in areas of high mineral potential and it would seem that most of mineral exploration has been also carried out in these high prospectivity areas.
Out of the 19 known deposits in the study area, only two have been discovered since 1995. There are two mines currently in operation and mining volumes have been rising every year since 2012 and are expected to rise even more in the future. Also, the future for mineral exploration looks brighter as the investments and drilling activities have recently shown signs of recovery.
21
Carpenter, John Stuart. "Estimates of Interfacial Properties in Cu/Ni Multilayer Thin Films using Hardness and Internal Stress Data." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1285006915.
Full text
22
Nigam, Mohit. "The Stopping of Energetic Si, P and S Ions in Ni, Cu, Ge and GaAs Targets." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3004/.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate knowledge of stopping powers is essential for these for quantitative analysis and surface characterization of thin films using ion beam analysis (IBA). These values are also of interest in radiobiology and radiotherapy, and in ion- implantation technology where shrinking feature sizes puts high demands on the accuracy of range calculations. A theory that predicts stopping powers and ranges for all projectile-target combinations is needed. The most important database used to report the stopping powers is the SRIM/TRIM program developed by Ziegler and coworkers. However, other researchers report that at times, these values differ significantly from experimental values. In this study the stopping powers of Si, P and S ions have been measured in Ni, Cu, Ge and GaAs absorbers in the energy range ~ 2-10 MeV. For elemental films of Ni, Cu and Ge, the stopping of heavy ions was measured using a novel ERD (Elastic Recoil Detection) based technique. In which an elastically recoiled lighter atom is used to indirectly measure the energy of the incoming heavy ion using a surface barrier detector. In this way it was possible to reduce the damage and to improve the FWHM of the detector. The results were compared to SRIM-2000 predictions and other experimental measurements. A new technique derived from Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) was developed to prepare stoichiometric GaAs films on thin carbon films for use in transmission ion beam experiments. The GaAs films were characterized using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). These films were used to investigate the stopping powers of energetic heavy ions in GaAs and to provide data for the calculation of Bethe-Bloch parameters in the framework of the Modified Bethe-Bloch theory. As a result of this study, stopping power data are available for the first time for Si and P ions in the energy range 2-10 MeV stopping in GaAs absorbers.
23
Knight, Robert. "The primary magmatic concentration and secondary remobilisation of platinum-group elements in Ni-Cu sulphide ores." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/65680/.
Full textAbstract:
The PGE mineralisation in the Fazenda Mirabela ultramafic-mafic and Jinchuan ultramafic intrusions has been characterised by determining the platinum-group mineralogy of each complex and the concentration of PGE in solid solution in the base metal sulphides (BMS). The Mirabela intrusion is largely unaltered and hosts two PGE occurrences from which 128 Au- and Ag-bearing minerals and 716 PGM have been identified; predominantly Pt-Pd-Ni tellurides in the Santa Rita sulphide ore deposit and to a lesser extent in the underlying sulphur-poor dunite. A localised Pd-Cu±Pb alloy assemblage is identified in the dunite in the central zone of the intrusion. The PGM assemblages at the edges of the intrusion are relatively As-rich containing sperrylite (PtAs2); arsenic may have been introduced through crustal assimilation. Two orebodies (#1 and #24) have been studied from the Jinchuan intrusion which has undergone extensive greenschist facies alteration. A total of 64 Au- and Ag-bearing minerals and semimetal alloys, and 93 PGM have been identified including michenerite (PdTeBi), froodite (PdBi2), members of the hollingworthite-irarsite-platarsite solid solution series ([RhIrPt]AsS), sperrylite and maslovite (Pt[BiTe]2) in decreasing order of abundance. The PGM vary across these two orebodies as a result of sulphide fractionation, with the Ni/MSSrich orebody #1 hosting early crystallising sulpharsenides and As-bearing PGM whereas the relatively Cu/ISS-rich orebody #24 hosts more Pd-bearing PGM with Pd partitioning into the Cu-rich sulphide liquid during MSS crystallisation. These studies show that Bi- and Te-bearing PGM ([PtPdNi]Te2, PdBi2, PdBiTe) may exsolve from the BMS during sub-solidus cooling after these elements have partitioned into the BMS at high temperatures whereas As-bearing PGM (PtAs2, [RhIrPt]AsS) and sulpharsenides (gersdorffite-cobaltite [NiAsS-CoAsS]) may crystallise early directly from an As-bearing immiscible sulphide melt. In the Mirabela intrusion, the IPGE and Rh have partitioned into MSS, from which pentlandite, pyrrhotite and pyrite have exsolved. Osmium and Ir preferentially partitioned into pyrite (with Co) whereas Ru and Rh partitioned equally between pentlandite and pyrite. In the Jinchuan intrusion, Ir, Rh and Pt have preferentially partitioned into early crystallising sulpharsenides (from which [RhIrPt]AsS PGM exsolve) depleting MSS in these elements. Palladium is identified in pentlandite in both complexes studied and may have diffused from ISS/chalcopyrite or partitioned into MSS at an earlier magmatic stage. Platinum does not usually partition into BMS (excluding sulpharsenides) and instead forms PGM. However, Pt does partition into pentlandite in the Mirabela sulphur-poor dunite where semimetal concentrations are very low and Pt-bearing PGM form only in low quantities, if at all. Minor localised serpentinisation of the Mirabela intrusion does not remobilise the PGE with the primary magmatic distribution of PGE and PGM preserved; the latter are predominantly associated with interstitial BMS and occur in sulphide stringers shown to be of magmatic origin. Pervasive greenschist facies hydrothermal alteration at Jinchuan altered and oxidised the BMS during a process of sulphur loss, resulting in the formation of secondary magnetite and the liberation of Pd, Bi and Te which coalesce to form secondary froodite and michenerite in situ at the edges of these replacement oxides; however, the PGE are not extensively remobilised. Both complexes show that the semimetal content of the ore-forming magma is critical in controlling the distribution of PGE into BMS and/or PGM.
24
Uddin, Miah Md Ramiz. "Ecotoxicity assessment of Zn, Cu and Ni in contrasting soils using test organisms of different ecological niches." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248590.
Full textAbstract:
It was illustrated that Zn and Cu at or above 1000 and 800 mg kg-1 respectively were highly toxic to the earthworm studied. Cu was found to be more toxic to the earthworm than Zn in respect to mortality, growth and reproduction parameters in all three different types of soils. The body burdens of earthworms exposed to metal amended soils increased corresponding to the increased concentrations of amended metals irrespective of soils used. It was found that the BCFs in earthworms decreased with the increased concentrations of metals in soils. The higher BCFs is the indication of uptake of higher proportion metals from soil by earthworms. The highest BCFs was found for Ni followed by Zn and Cu indicated their bioavailability to earthworms. The growth (weight) of the earthworms was most affected by Cu. The combined toxicity of Zn:Ni, Zn:Cu and Cu:Ni to reproduction (cocoon production) of earthworms was mainly antagonistic and to some extent additive in both the Insch and Boyndie soils. Zn was more toxic than Cu to the nematodes as the number of nematodes decreased with the increase of metal amendments to soil. It was also found that the number of nematodes increased at the exposure to some lower doses of Cu and Ni. The joint toxicity of Zn:Ni, Zn:Cu and Cu:Ni on the number of nematodes was mainly antagonistic in both the Insch and Boyndie soils. In some cases the combined toxicity of metals to nematodes was not possible to assess because the threshold level was not reached and also due to irregular and inconsistent data. Cruden Bay soil was more vulnerable than Insch and Boyndie soils in evaluating the toxicity of metals to nematodes. Zn was found to be toxic for the lux-marked bacterial biosensor Escherichia coil HB101 pUCD607 and Pseudomonas fluorescens 10586r pUCD607 in different soils.
25
Johannesen, A. (Anne). "Orthomagmatic Ni-Cu mineralisation in the Palaeoproterozoic Johan Petersen Intrusive Centre, Ammassalik Intrusive Complex, South-East Greenland." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201604191511.
Full textAbstract:
The Palaeoproterozoic Johan Petersen Intrusive Centre (JPIC) formed as a continental arc at the North Atlantic Craton margin during the formation of the ca. 1.9 Ga Nagssugtoqidian Orogen (NO) in SE Greenland. Magmatic Ni-Cu deposits in the coeval Trans-Hudson and Svecofennian Orogens (THO and SFO) make the NO the primary target for Ni-Cu deposits in Greenland. Using mapping, petrography, geochemistry, and multiple sulphur isotope geochemistry, this thesis deals with the formation of the JPIC and related mineralisation, and compares it with previously discovered Ni-Cu mineralisation in the NO and Trans-Hudson and Svecofennian Orogens.
The JPIC formed from an early series of dioritic to granitic magmas intruding into paragneiss under granulite facies conditions. A mafic series of gabbroic rocks intruded into both the paragneiss and the earlier felsic series rocks. Late mafic-ultramafic sheets and magmatic breccias intruded predominantly into the mafic series rocks. Two episodes of intrusion by mafic-ultramafic stringers happened when the felsic and mafic series rocks were semi-solid. Late granite likely formed from back-veining of residual melts. Uplift during orogenesis caused retrograde amphibolite facies metamorphism, and late hydrothermal alteration of both intrusive rocks and their mineralisation took place under temperature conditions corresponding to amphibolite- to mid greenschist facies.
The mineralised rocks in the JPIC occur as contact mineralisation between the intrusive rocks and the adjacent paragneiss, as mineralisation in the stringers mingling with the mafic series rocks, and as accumulated sulphide liquids in the later sheets and breccias. In the contact style mineralisation, sulphides are disseminated, network-like or semi- massive and show S isotopic compositions indicating a Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary sulphur source. Ni and Cu contents in the sulphide phase are low. Sulphides in the mineralised stringers and mafic-ultramafic sheets and breccias are disseminated to network-like, and have mantle-like isotopic compositions of sulphur. The ultramafic sheets and breccias have higher Ni-Cu contents and tenors and currently form the primary targets. The JPIC mineralisation is similar to that in the Kotalahti-Vammala belt of the SFO, and although sub-economic at the moment, possible existence of deeper-seated sulphides would give the area an upside potential for more discoveries.
26
Boros, Kristina. "Methodologies for Estimating Bioaccessibility of Six Metals in Household Dust: Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Cr." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32446.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of two approaches for estimating oral bioaccessibility using a physiologically-based extraction technique (PBET): a simple gastric phase simulation and a two-phase gastrointestinal simulation. Bioaccessibility estimates of six metals prevalent in Canadian contaminated sites (zinc, lead, cadmium, copper, nickel, and chromium) were compared using the gastric phase simulation alone and the complete gastrointestinal simulation. Samples included vacuum dust samples from 33 homes, certified dust and soil reference materials, and a house dust control sample. Bioaccessibility measurements using the gastric phase simulation were greater than or equal to measurements obtained using the gastrointestinal simulation for the six studied metals. This research found that for the six studied metals, a simple simulation of the gastric phase provides the most conservative and cost-effective approach for estimating oral bioaccessibility of ingested metals.
27
Ni, Ni. "Structural / magnetic phase transitions and superconductivity in Ba(Fe₁[subscript -x]TM[subscript x])₂As₂ (TM=Co, Ni, Cu, Co / Cu, Rh and Pd) single crystals." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3389132.
Full text
28
Khoda, Karami Mina, and Ali Kohanzadehmaranlou. "Influence of Ni, Mn, and Cu on the nitride formation in 20Cr alloys relevant to modern stainless steels." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118092.
Full textAbstract:
New experimental information on the effect of Ni, Cu and Mn on the nitride precipitation temperature and the phase relations in the Fe-Cr-N system is presented. The samples were heat treated under flow of pure and mixed nitrogen gas at different temperatures. The microstructure was investigated by SEM and the nitrogen composition by LECO nitrogen analyzer. The phase equilibria between austenite and Cr2N nitride have been studied at 1173 K and 1373 K using the sealed capsule technique to measure the N activity and SEM-EDS to measure the chemical compositions of the individual phases followed by analysis using LECO nitrogen analyzer. Deviations from theoretical calculations which have been done by Thermo-Calc using the TCFE7 database were observed. E. g. Thermo-Calc predicted single phase austenite at higher Cr content in contrast to experiments which showed austenite and Cr2N nitride phases. Furthermore, the experimental data show slight changes on the extension of the single phase austenite field whereas the calculations show larger effects by addition of Ni, Cu and Mn.
29
Huyan, Fei. "A study of "475°C embrittlement" in Fe-20Cr and Fe-20Cr-X (X=Ni, Cu, Mn) alloys." Thesis, KTH, Metallografi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118155.
Full textAbstract:
The “475°C embrittlement” occurring in ferritic and duplex stainless steel is considered to be detrimental and it limits the application of ferritic and duplex stainless steel at elevated temperatures, i.e., above about 300°C . In this study, the effect from alloying elements Ni, Cu and Mn on 475°C embrittlement was examined based on microhardness measurement and Charpy V-notch tests as well as atom probe tomography (APT). It was found that, after aging for 10h, 3% Ni accelerates the ferrite decomposition dramatically, 5% Mn has minor effect and no effect of 1.5% Cu was seen. The hardness increase tested at 450°C and 500°C was consistent with the observations from APT. The embrittlement based on room temperature Charpy tests was observed mainly during the first 10h. The embrittlement in Fe-20Cr-3Ni alloy was attributed to ferrite decomposition, while the other three alloys may be influenced by other phenomenon as well. A clustering effect of Cu has been observed in Fe-20Cr-1.5Cu and it was supposed to contribute to the mechanical changes.
30
Song, Xieyan, and 宋謝炎. "Geochemistry of permian flood basalts and related ni-cu-(pge) sulfide-bearing sills in Yangliuping, Sichuan province, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124595X.
Full text
31
Johnson, Lawrence H. "Complexes of Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au in liquid ammonia : a vibrational spectroscopic and electrolytic investigation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329547.
Full text
32
Viljoen, Willemien. "Phase relations in the system Cu-Fe-Ni-S and their application to the slow cooling of PGE matte." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132005-100921/.
Full text
33
Smit, Danie Strydom. "The leaching behaviour of a Ni-Cu-Co sulphide ore in an oxidative pressure-acid medium / Danie Strydom Smit." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9626.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrometallurgical processing of sulphide concentrates is an attractive method for the
selective extraction of valuable metals. The dissolution of minerals in a leaching process
involves several electrochemical parameters that need to be investigated• to ensure the
development and growth of the base metal industry in South Africa.
A study has been carried out to elucidate the leaching mechanism of a nickel-coppercobalt
sulphide concentrate in an oxidative pressure-acid medium. The sulphide
concentrate studied in this research, comprises mainly of the minerals pyrrhotite,
(Fe1_xS) with x = 0 to 0.2, pentlandite, (Ni,Fe)9S8 and chalcopyrite, (CuFeS2). The
leaching behaviour of these minerals was successfully studied by means of Atomic
Absorption (AA) measurements, Scanning '•Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Moss bauer
spectroscopy, after leaching took place in an oxidative pressure-acid medium.
The dissolution of the valuable metals was achieved effectively with recoveries of well
over 90% for nickel, copper and cobalt under the specific conditions studied.
Mechanical activation by means of ultra fine milling improved metal extraction with an
average of approximately 40%, after a leaching period of 150 minutes.
The most suitable conditions for the oxidative pressure-acid leaching of the mechanically
treated nickel-copper-cobalt sulphide concentrate in a dilute sulphuric acid medium were
found to be: particle size 80% - 10J.Lm; temperature l10°C; oxygen partial pressure 10
bar; sulphuric acid concentration 30 kg/ton; solids content 15% by mass and an impeller
agitation rate of 800 r/min. The values of the apparent activation energies of nickel,
copper and cobalt, extracted from the sulphide concentrate, were found to be 20.6 (± 4.4)
kJ/mol K, 33.6 (± 4.2) kJ/mol K and 17.4 (± 3.5) kJ/mol K respectively.Thesis (MIng (Chemical Engineering))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001
34
Piercey, Stephen John. "An integrated study of magmatism, magmatic Ni-Cu sulphide mineralization and metallogeny in the Umiakoviarusek Lake Region, Labrador, Canada /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 1998. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,32157.
Full text
35
Mayer, Christoph. "Ag- und Ag-Cu-Lagerstätten in der Region Atacama, Nordchile : lagerstättenkundliche und geochemische Untersuchungen am Beispiel der Distrikte Chañarcillo (Ag-[Co-Ni-As]) und El Jardín (Ag-Cu) /." Heidelberg : [Ruprecht-Karls-Universität], 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374298971.
Full text
36
Stewart, A. Robin. "Effect of a metal mixture (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni) on the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of cadmium in natural systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ32461.pdf.
Full text
37
Dey, Swagata. "Exploring “Metal to Metal” Charge Transfer Process in AWO4 and AMoO4 type compounds (A= Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1377006312.
Full text
38
LAVRADAS, RAQUEL TEIXEIRA. "DETERMINATION OF METALS (CU, FE, ZN, PB, CD AND NI) IN TISSUES OF MARINE ORGANISMS FROM ILHA GRANDE BAY, RJ, BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20536@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Neste estudo, foram determinadas as concentrações de Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb e Ni no tecido muscular e fígado de três espécies de peixe (Mugil liza – tainha, iliófago; Micropogonias furnieri – corvina, carnívoro e Trichiurus lepturus – peixe espada, piscívoro), no tecido muscular de uma espécie de camarão (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis – camarão rosa, onívoro) e também, no tecido muscular, vísceras e ovos de uma espécie de siri (Callinectes spp. – siri azul, onívoro) coletados na Baía da Ilha Grande. As concentrações dos elementos foram determinadas por espectrometria de massa com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS). A metodologia analítica apresentou ótima exatidão e precisão quando comparada com amostras certificadas (DORM-3 e TORT-2). As concentrações de Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni e Pb apresentaram-se abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira e americana para a ingestão humana de pescado. As maiores concentrações de Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Ni e Pb foram observadas nos crustáceos. Nos peixes, as maiores concentrações dos elementos analisados foram observadas no fígado, e no siri, nas vísceras. O sexo dos indivíduos não influenciou no acúmulo dos elementos para os peixes, porém influenciou na acumulação de Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd e Ni no siri. Nos peixes, a maioria dos elementos não apresentou correlação com o comprimento dos indivíduos, com exceção do Pb, que apresentou correlação negativa na tainha e na corvina, e do cádmio, que apresentou correlação negativa na corvina. Nos crustáceos, alguns elementos também apresentaram correlação negativa com estes parâmetros, indicando que, tanto nos peixes quanto nos crustáceos, estes elementos não foram acumulados ao longo do crescimento. As concentrações encontradas foram diferentes nas estações seca e chuvosa.
In this study the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni were determined in muscle tissue and liver of three fish species (Mugil liza – mullet, illiophagus; Micropogonias furnieri – croaker, carnivorous, and Trichiurus lepturus – cutlassfish, piscivore), in the muscle tissue of a shrimp species (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis – pink shrimp, omnivore) and in muscle tissue, entrails and eggs of a soft crab (Callinectes spp. – siri azul, omnivore) sampled from the Ilha Grande Bay. The concentrations of the elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The methodology showed good accuracy and precision when tested with certified reference materials (DORM-3 and TORT-2). The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb were below the limits established by the Brazilian and American legislation for human ingestion of fish products. The highest concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni were found in the crustacean samples. In fish, the highest concentrations were observed in the liver and, in the soft crab samples, in the entrails. Sex did not influence element accumulation in fish, but influenced the accumulation of Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd and Ni in the soft crab. In fish, most elements did not show any correlation to length and weight, with the exception of Pb, which showed negative correlations in mullet and croaker and Cd which showed negative correlations in croaker. In crustaceans, some elements also presented negative correlations to these parameters, indicating that both in fish and crustaceans these elements are not accumulated during organism growth. The concentrations of the elements analyzed were statistically different in the dry and rainy seasons.
39
Khan, Muhammad Yaqoob [Verfasser]. "Probing the antiferromagnetism of NixMn100−x with ferromagnetic Ni in exchange-biased bilayers and trilayers on Cu3Au(001) / Muhammad Yaqoob Khan." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027816177/34.
Full text
40
Lamonier, Carole. "Caractérisations in situ des catalyseurs d'hydrogénation Ce-Cu-0, Ce-Ni-O et Al-(Ce)-Ni-O à différents stades de leur élaboration : influence des interactions dans les solides sur l'incorporation d'hydrogène." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10087.
Full textAbstract:
Les systemes cenio, al(ce)nio, cecuo, utilises en catalyse d'hydrogenation, ont ete caracterises a differents stades de leur elaboration. Dans cette optique, les solides seches issus de la preparation par coprecipitation sont analyses par diffraction de rayons x (xrd). De nombreuses techniques, dont certaines in situ, ont ete utilisees pour caracteriser les etats calcines et reduits suivant les etapes de synthese des catalyseurs: thermogravimetrie, spectroscopie de photoelectrons induits par rayons x (xps), spectroscopie auger, diffraction x, microscopie et diffraction electroniques et microanalyse. De cette etude, il ressort que l'ajout d'un metal de transition a la cerine et l'ajout d'aluminium au systeme cenio influencent l'etat de reduction des composes, au travers d'interactions entre cations metalliques, initiees des l'etape de coprecipitation. La technique de diffraction x in situ a permis de visualiser la capacite des solides a stocker de l'hydrogene ainsi que les conditions optimales a adopter pour ce stockage. L'importance des reservoirs d'hydrogene, en relation avec l'activite hydrogenante des catalyseurs, est conditionnee par l'existence de solutions solides. Des mecanismes reactionnels rendent compte de ces proprietes sont alors proposes. Les concepts tires de l'etude des composes massiques peuvent etre vraisemblablement generalises a d'autres cations metalliques de transition en interaction avec la cerine ou aux metaux supportes plus couramment étudiés.
41
Pasturel, Mathieu. "Modification par hydruration des propriétés structurales et physiques des intermétalliques CeTX (T = Mn, Ni, Cu ; X = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010063.
Full textAbstract:
Les propriétés physiques des intermétalliques CeTX (T = élément de transition, X = élément np1 ou np2) dépendent de la force de l'hybridation Jcf entre les électrons 4f du cérium et ceux de la bande de conduction. L'insertion d'hydrogène dans ces composés modifie à la fois le volume molaire et la densité d'états au niveau de Fermi, et donc Jcf. Au cours de ce travail, la modification par hydruration des propriétés structurales, magnétiques et électriques des familles suivantes a été étudiée: (i) CeNiX (X = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn) qui présentent un caractère de valence intermédiaire du cérium; (ii) CeCuX (X = Ga, Si, Ge, Sn) qui présentent un état trivalent du cérium et l'apparition d'un ordre magnétique à basse température; (iii) CeMnX (X = Si, Ge) qui présentent un ordre magnétique du cérium et du manganèse. Les résultats sont discutés en faisant le parallèle entre les propriétés structurales (sites d'insertion de l'hydrogène) et les propriétés physiques.
42
Everest, John Owen. "The relationship of Cu-Ni-PGE veins in the Levack Gneiss Complex to contact magmatic ore at the McCreedy West Mine, Sudbury." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/MQ48590.pdf.
Full text
43
Liu, Shun Cai, and 劉順財. "Electromigration tests in Cu/SnAg/Ni/Cu Flip Chip solder joints and Cu/SnAg/Cu microbumps." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95944968763845461265.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
材料科學與工程學系所
103
Due to the growing demands for high performance, small form factor and multi-functions in microelectronic packaging for different types of portable electronic devices, 3D stacking is an important issue nowadays in ICs industry. The first part of this study was the electromigration test using two different bump heights (15 μm and 30 μm) of Cu/SnAg/Ni/Cu flip-chip samples. We can investigate the effect of the bump height effect of failure mode in electromigration. The current density of the experimental conditions is 1.33x104 A/cm2, 1.45x104 A/cm2 and 1.57x104 A/cm2, we can observe the failure mode is void formation, when Ni UBM at the cathode side. When the anode with Cu UBM, we also found serious copper dissolution. The second part is electromigration test of Cu/8 μm SnAg/Cu microbumps. The test temperatures were 135 °C, 150 °C and 165 °C on hot plates. We found some sample had early failure, and further explored the reasons for the failure, then we can avoid the early failure. The third part is about Cu/8 μm SnAg/Cu microbumps reflowing at different times. The microbumps were reflowed on a 260 °C hot plate for 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 min to investigate the variation of Ag concentration in the residual SnAg solder and the morphology of Ag3Sn precipitations.
44
Hsu, Yu-Ching, and 許玉青. "Elemental Diffusion Behavior in the Cu/Electroless Ni and Cu/Electroless Ni/Sn-37Pb Solder Joints During Annealing." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46771358765160335385.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
90
Cu is widely used in today's electronics packaging, and electroless Ni-P (EN)/Cu is popularly adopted in the under bump metallurgy (UBM) for flip chip application. The diffusion behavior of Cu in the metallization layer is an important issue. In this study, a joint in the Cu/EN/Pb-Sn structure with different EN thickness annealed at 240oC were employed to investigate the diffusion behavior of Cu for various annealing time. The concentration-distance profiles at the interface of EN/solders were evaluated by EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalyzer). The interdiffusion flux and effective interdiffusion coefficient of species Cu, Ni and P were evaluated with the aid of corresponding concentration profile. Ni3P precipitated layer and Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compound were observed near the interface of EN and Sn-Pb solder during annealing. According to detailed quantitative analysis by EPMA, the concentration of Cu in Ni3P and Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compound was around 0.5at% and 1.0at%, respectively, for the Cu/EN(7.5 m)/Sn-Pb solder joint, while it was 0.2-0.3at% and 0.8-0.9at%, respectively, for the Cu/EN(15 m)/Sn-Pb solder joint. With respect to the evaluated Cu concentration variation across the joint assembly, Ni3P can be regarded as diffusion barriers to prevent extra Cu diffusion through the EN layer to the solder. Another isothermal interdiffusion experiments were also carried out at 240oC for different time with solid-solid diffusion couples assembled in the Cu/electroless-Ni (Ni-10wt%P) and Cu/electroless Ni (Ni-10wt%P)/Sn-37Pb joint. The diffusion structure and concentration profile were examined by SEM and EPMA analysis. The interdiffusion fluxes of Cu, Ni and P were calculated from the concentration profile with the aid of Matano plane evaluation. The values of , and decreased with increasing annealing time. The average effective interdiffusion coefficients in the order of 10-14 cm2/s were also evaluated within the diffusion zone. Cu dissolved in intermetallic compound (IMC) Ni3Sn4 and Ni3P precipitate after annealing in Cu/electroless Ni/Sn-37Pb system was about 0.25 at% and 0.5 at%. For the short period of annealing, it appears that the presence of EN with Sn-Pb soldering reaction assisted the diffusion of Cu through the EN layer time.
45
Mei-JunWang and 王玫珺. "Effects of Ni UBM and Ni alloying on Ga-based Cu-to-Cu bonding in 3D IC packaging." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t8j9t7.
Full text
46
Li, Quei-Pin, and 李魁斌. "Cross-Interaction of Ni and Cu in Sn." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02562079100995322371.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
化學工程與材料工程研究所
93
In a real solder joint, the solder is always sandwiches between two metals. And the Ni/solder/Cu combination is one of the most common one in microelectronics devices. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the cross-interaction will occur between the interface of solder/Cu and Ni/solder. In fact, it is reported that the two interfaces of Ni/solder/Cu joint would interact after reflow. Therefore, it is known that the dissolved metal results in the system become complex. As the result, the Ni/Sn/Cu diffusion couples were prepared by electroplating in this study to investigate the cross-interaction of Cu and Ni in solder joint only in solid/solid reaction. Experiments were carried out at 200 ℃ for 15 minutes. It was found that Cu6Sn5 compound existed at both Ni/Sn and Cu/Sn interface. Basing on the result, we can say that the cross-interaction of Ni and Cu in a solder joint occurred very quickly at 200 ℃thermal aging. After long term thermal aging, the reaction product didn’t change at both Ni/Sn and Cu/Sn interface. There is(Cu1-xNix)6Sn5 at Ni/Sn interface and Cu6Sn5、Cu3Sn at Sn/Cu interface.Beside it, we found that the microstructure of these reaction product is different from Sn/Cu and Sn/Ni diffusion couple. In other words, the morphology of IMC is largger variation than Sn/Cu and Sn/Ni diffusion couple. In thermodynamic kinetics, it has been show that the formation of of (Cu1-xNix)6Sn5 over the Ni layer can reduce the Ni consumption rate. At the same time, the Cu consumption rate of the opposite side was accelerated.
47
Huang, T. A., and 黃田安. "Magnetoresistance in Co-Sputtered Cu-Ni-Fe Films." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43050901531354990396.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
材料科學與工程研究所
85
Cu-Ni-Fe films have been grown on Si(100) substrates by a d.c. magnetron cosputtering. A strong composition dependence of the magnetoresistance behavior is found in these Cu-Ni-Fe films. The giant magnetoresistance contribution dominates the magnetoresistance behavior in the films with Cu content higher than 50%. However, the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect tends to icnrease as the Cu content decreases. For example, the Cu50Ni25Fe25 films consists of two components of magnetoresistance with anisotropic magnetoresistance at low fields and giant magnetoresistance extended to higher fields. The ARM effect is believed to be correlated with the electron scattering from the ferromagnetic (Ni, Fe)-rich phase. The very large saturation field (>6T) in the MR curve and the positive temperature dependence of MR ratio suggest that the observed GMR effect may come from the interfacial spin-dependent scattering as well as scattering due to magnetic fluctuations such as very fine superparamagnetic particles and/or ferromagnetic area around the (Ni, Fe)-rich phase. After annealing, the magnetizeor and MR ratio of films is increased, which is believe to be a result of the modification of microstructure.
48
Chi, Shang-Wei, and 紀尚緯. "Interfacial Reaction in Electroplated Cu/Ni/Sn System." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87495446472521833248.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
105
In this study, the electroplating copper substrate and tin, electroplating copper substrate electroplating nickel and tin two kinds of reaction comparison, and in the copper electroplating solution by adding the additive SPS for further comparison. The experimental results show that Cu / Sn mainly produces IMC as Cu6Sn5 in the reflow soldering reaction, and Ni(Ni, Cu)3Sn4 is formed after electroplating the Ni layer. No holes are present in the interface. The presence of SPS does not affect the results. In the heat treatment at 150°C, Cu / Sn forms Cu3Sn in addition to Cu6Sn5, and many pores are formed in the interface of IMC. The reaction is accelerated at 200 ° C and becomes a layered structure with more pores. Using additive SPS are produced no holes at 150 ° C or 200 ° C after the copper plating solution. Copper substrate after electroplating nickel layer in two kinds of heat treatment are no holes and layered structure, the use of additives SPS in copper plating solution does not affect the results. If extend the heat treatment time, nickel layer reaction will not appear holes immediately in the interface. The experimental results show that electroplating copper substrate electroplating nickel can effectively prevent the hole in IMC interface and can be used with the additive SPS without affecting the results, and elongation the electroplating nickel reaction time, will not be observed holes are produced in the interface.
49
Huang, Pin-Ju, and 黃品儒. "Interfacial Reactions in the Cu/Sn/In/Ni/Cu Multilayers Structure in 3D IC Packaging." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19362648957929850039.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
材料科學與工程系
100
With the development of technology, the 3-D IC packaging tends to replace the traditional 2-D packaging technology in the future. Flip chip (FC) technique is one of the methods in 3-D IC packaging. Recently, the copper pillar bump was used to replace tin-lead bumps for the reason that it could provide fine pitch without bump bridging and smaller amount of solder is needed. In this study, the Cu pillar/Sn and In/Ni/Cu multilayer structure were fabricated by the electroplating method. In the solid-liquid inter-diffusion (SLID) bonding process, Sn-In was used as a bonding layer to effectively reduce the soldering temperature. We hope this Cu pillar/Sn/In/Ni/Cu multilayer structure could act as the solder to replace conventional lead-free solder and be applied in 3-D IC packaging. The results indicate (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,In)5 phase were formed on the Cu pillar side in different temperature systems and the rough layer, which can be found in the middle, was ? phase. When the reflowing temperature was 180 oC, the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed from Cu pillar side to Ni side were Cu pillar/(Cu,Ni)6(Sn,In)5 /?? Ni. After aging for 10 h, the (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,In)5 and (Cu,Ni)(In,Sn)2 phases were formed at interface close to the Ni side. In addition, the IMCs didn’t change and the area of ? phase was reduced when we increase aging time. In the other system, couple was reflowed at 200oC, the IMCs formed from Cu pillar side to Ni side were Cu pillar/(Cu,Ni)6(Sn,In)5/??}(Cu,Ni)6(Sn,In)5/Ni. The (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,In)5 phase was formed more rapidly than 180 oC system on the Ni side. With longer aging time, the (Cu,Ni)(In,Sn)2 was formed at the interface close to the Ni side and the ??nphase was consumed completely. When aging for 300 h, the IMCs formed from Cu pillar side to Ni side were Cu pillar/ (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,In)5/ (Cu,Ni)(In,Sn)2/Ni, which was significantly different compared to the as-reflowed.
50
Zhang, Yong, and Yi Li. "Glass Forming Ability in Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al Alloys." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3974.
Full textAbstract:
Glass forming ability (GFA) in the Pr-rich Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al alloys at or near the eutectic points was systematically studied. It was found that the GFA in the pseudo-ternary alloys of Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al is higher than that of the ternary alloys of Pr-Cu-Al. Two eutectic compositions in Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al alloys were found by DSC, namely, Pr₆₈(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₂₅Al₇ and Pr₅₂(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₂₅Al₂₃ (at %). The later one shows better GFA than the first one. However, the best GFA was obtained at an off-eutectic composition of Pr₅₄(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₃₀Al₁₆, which can be formed in fully amorphous rod with diameter of 1.5 mm by copper mould casting. The deviation of the best GFA composition from the eutectic point [Pr₆₈(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₂₅Al₇] was explained in terms of the asymmetric coupled eutectic zone and the higher glass transition temperature Tg on the hypereutectic side.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)