Journal articles: 'Cu mineralisation'

1

Sproule, Rebecca, Steve Beresford, and Reid Keays. "Ni–Cu–PGE magmatic mineralisation." Applied Earth Science 116, no. 4 (December 2007): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174327507x272012.

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MELFOS, V., M. VAVELIDIS, and K. ARIKAS. "A new occurrence of argentopentlandite and gold from the Au-Ag-rich copper mineralisation in the Paliomylos area, Serbomacedonian massif, Central Macedonia, Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17154.

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The Au-Ag-Cu mineralisation in the Paliomylos area is associated with quartz segregations and pegmatoids in the form of boudinaged bodies. The Au, Ag and Cu contents in the ore bodies reach 6.8 ppm, 765 ppm and 0.80 wt%. The ore minerals consist of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, bismuthinite, argentopentlandite, gersdorffite, cobaltite, aikinite, hessite, native bismuth and gold. Pentlandite contains significant amounts in Ag (13.15 wt%), Au (1.59 wt%) and PGM, demonstrating a formula of Fe5.37 Ni2.56 Ag1.03 Ir0.03 S8.01. On the basis of geological, textural and chemical data, the mineralisation in the studied area was formed under high temperatures.

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Ciurej, Agnieszka, Monika Struska, Anna Wolska, Marek Szczerba, and Janusz Olszak. "Copper-Bearing Mineralisation in the Upper Devonian Limestones: A Case Study from the Historical Teresa Adit in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, Poland." Minerals 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13010054.

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The studied copper ore deposit is located in Miedzianka Mountain (Świętokrzyskie Mountains, central Poland). This deposit was exploited from the 13th century to the 1950s; therefore numerous historical adits are currently present. One of these is Teresa adit (established in 1805), consisting of underground mining corridors and natural cave developed in the Upper Devonian limestones, partially transformed by mining works. Samples of copper- and rock-forming minerals in limestones collected at seven sites within the richest copper-bearing mineralisation in this adit were studied with petrographic investigation of thin sections, micro-area chemical analysis (EDS), and XRD. This study shows the presence of various minerals: (a) Cu-Fe sulphides (relics of chalcopyrite) and Cu sulphides (covellite, chalcocite), (b) Cu-Fe oxides (cuprite and hematite), (c) Ca and Cu carbonates (calcite, azurite, and malachite), (d) clay minerals (Fe-Mg illite), and (e) micro-crystalline silica (quartz). For the first time in the studied deposit, we described chalcopyrite relics in cuprite pseudomorphosis, hematite with admixture of vanadium in pinkish-creme veins in limestones, and the presence of an admixture of Fe-Mg illite and microcystaline silica within cracks of limestones. In addition, for the first time, unit cell parameters of malachite and azurite from Miedzianka Mountain were determined, indicating very low substitutions of atoms other than Cu in their structures. We suppose that the minerals studied were formed during three types of copper mineralisation processes: (a) hydrothermal (relics of chalcopyrite), (b) secondary weathering (chalcocite, covellite, cuprite, hematite), and (c) adsorptive mineralisation (azurite, malachite). The latter stage is related to residuum, which consists of a mixture of Fe-Mg illite and micro-crystalline quartz, which was formed during the dissolution of limestones in karst processes in some crevices. We proposed a model of the formation of copper carbonates in the adsorption stage of the copper-bearing mineralisation in Miedzianka Mountain deposits. Two generations of calcite veins (older—red calcite and younger—crème-pinkish calcite) were also detected. Mineralogical–petrographical studies of samples revealed a high scientific and educational value. Due to the fact that the Teresa adit is planned to be made available to geotourists, this work is worth presenting to the public either in the adit and/or in a local museum in Miedzianka village.

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Jowitt, S. M., and R. R. Keays. "Shale-hosted Ni–(Cu–PGE) mineralisation: a global overview." Applied Earth Science 120, no. 4 (December 2011): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743275812z.00000000026.

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Radmard, Kaikhosrov, Hassan Zamanian, Mohamad Reza Hosseinzadeh, and Ahmad Ahmadi Khalaji. "Geochemistry and statistical analyses of porphyry system and epithermal veins at Hizehjan in northwestern Iran." Geologos 23, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/logos-2017-0020.

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Abstract Situated about 130 km northeast of Tabriz (northwest Iran), the Mazra’eh Shadi deposit is in the Arasbaran metallogenic belt (AAB). Intrusion of subvolcanic rocks, such as quartz monzodiorite-diorite porphyry, into Eocene volcanic and volcano-sedimentary units led to mineralisation and alteration. Mineralisation can be subdivided into a porphyry system and Au-bearing quartz veins within andesite and trachyandesite which is controlled by fault distribution. Rock samples from quartz veins show maximum values of Au (17100 ppb), Pb (21100 ppm), Ag (9.43ppm), Cu (611ppm) and Zn (333 ppm). Au is strongly correlated with Ag, Zn and Pb. In the Au-bearing quartz veins, factor group 1 indicates a strong correlation between Au, Pb, Ag, Zn and W. Factor group 2 indicates a correlation between Cu, Te, Sb and Zn, while factor group 3 comprises Mo and As. Based on Spearman correlation coefficients, Sb and Te can be very good indicator minerals for Au, Ag and Pb epithermal mineralisation in the study area. The zoning pattern shows clearly that base metals, such as Cu, Pb, Zn and Mo, occur at the deepest levels, whereas Au and Ag are found at higher elevations than base metals in boreholes in northern Mazra’eh Shadi. This observation contrasts with the typical zoning pattern caused by boiling in epithermal veins. At Mazra’eh Shadi, quartz veins containing co-existing liquid-rich and vapour-rich inclusions, as strong evidence of boiling during hydrothermal evolution, have relatively high Au grades (up to 813 ppb). In the quartz veins, Au is strongly correlated with Ag, and these elements are in the same group with Fe and S. Mineralisation of Au and Ag is a result of pyrite precipitation, boiling of hydrothermal fluids and a pH decrease.

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Verdiansyah, Okki, Damas Muharif, and I. Gde Sukadana. "Indikasi Mineralisasi Tipe Porfiri di Daerah Sumbersari, Kompleks Pengunungan Kulon Progo, Purworejo, Indonesia." EKSPLORIUM 41, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2020.41.2.5959.

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ABSTRAK Pegunungan Kulon Progo merupakan produk magmatisme Busur Sunda-Banda tersusun atas formasi andesit tua. Daerah Sumbersari merupakan bagian dari gunung api Gajah, batuan gunung api tertua Kulon Progo. Indikasi mineralisasi tipe porfiri ditemukan di daerah ini sehingga menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi keterdapatan mineral logam berharga (Cu-Au). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pemetaan geologi, analisis petrografi dan mikroskopi bijih, serta analisis geokimia menggunakan XRF dan ICP-MS. Geologi daerah penelitian terletak pada fasies sentral-proksimal Khuluk Gajah, terususun atas intrusi mikrodiorit, mikrodiorit kuarsa, andesit, andesit basaltik-diorit, dan batugamping. Alterasi hidrotermal berkembang pada batuan beku diorit, mikrodiorit, dan sebagian pada andesit. Alterasi hidrotermal dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok, yaitu ilit-serisit±biotit sekunder, epidot-aktinolit-kalsit±ilit, epidot-kalsit±ilit, dan ilit-serisit±kuarsa. Beberapa fase mineralisasi berkembang, antara lain fase epidot-aktinolit yang diikuti mineralisasi magnetit-kalkopirit, fase biotit-magnetit-kalkopirit-bornit, dan fase akhir serisit-mineral lempung-pirit menggantikan keseluruhan sistem. Analisis geokimia pada batuan teralterasi menunjukan indikasi mineralisasi Cu-Au dengan kadar 491–1447 ppm (0,14%) Cu dan 0,02–0,3 ppm Au dengan rasio elemen Cu:Au adalah 1,01. Karakter geokimia menunjukkan adanya korelasi kuat Cu terhadap Au.ABSTRACT Kulon Progo Mountain is Sunda-Banda Arc magmatism product composed of an old andesite formation. Sumbersari Area is part of the Gajah volcanic, which is the oldest rock of Kulon Progo volcanics. Indication of porphyry type mineralisation has been found in the area which makes the area interested for further research. The research methodologies are geological mapping, petrography and ore microscopy, and geochemical analysis using XRF and ICP-MS. Geology of the area located in central-proximal facies of Khuluk Gajah, consist of microdiorite, quartz-microdiorite, andesite, basaltic-dioritic andesite intrusions, and limestone. Hydrotermal alteration is developing into certain groups like illite-sericite ± secondary biotite, epidote-actinolite-calcite ± illite, epidot-calcite ± illite, and illite-sericite ± quartz. Some mineralisation phases are developed like epidote-actinolite followed by magnetite-chalcopyrite mineralisation, biotite-magnetite-chalcopyrite-bornite phase and the late phase of sericite-clay-pyrite replacing the entire system. Geochemical analysis on altered rocks show Cu-Au mineralisation indication ranging from 491-1,447 ppm (0.14%) and 0.02-0.3 ppm respectively, with Cu:Au ratio is 1.01. Geochemical characteristic shows strong correlation of Cu to Au.

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7

Blevin, Phillip L., Bruce W. Chappell, and Charlotte M. Allen. "Intrusive metallogenic provinces in eastern Australia based on granite source and composition." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 87, no. 1-2 (1996): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006684.

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ABSTRACT:Ore element ratios in intrusion-related mineralisation are in part a function of the relative oxidation state and degree of fractionation of the associated granite suite. A continuum from Cu-Au through W to Mo dominated mineralisation related to progressively more fractionated, oxidised I-type magmas can be traced within single suites and supersuites. Such systematic relationships provide strong evidence for the magmatic source of ore elements in granite-related mineral deposits and for the production of the observed ore element ratios dominantly through magmatic processes. The distribution of mineralised intrusive suites can be used to define a series of igneous metallogenic provinces in eastern Australia. In general, there is a correlated evolution in the observed metallogeny (as modelled based on the compatibility of ore elements during fractionation) with increasing degree of chemical evolution of the associated magmatic suite. This is from Cu-Au associated with chemically relatively unevolved magmas, through to Sn and Mo-rich mineralisation associated with highly evolved magmas that had undergone fractional crystallisation. Provinces recognised in that way do not necessarily correlate with the tectonostratigraphic boundaries defined by the near-surface geology, indicating that the areal distribution of some granite source regions in the deep crust is unrelated to upper crustal geology.

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8

Zamanian, Hassan, and Behrooz Asadollahi. "Geochemistry and ore potential of the Almoughlagh batholith, western Iran." Geologos 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2013-0014.

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Abstract The Almoughlagh batholith intruded the dioritic Baba Ali pluton during the Oligo-Miocene; the pluton and is now exposed as a big enclave within the batholith. The pluton intruded the Songhor Series during the Late Kimmeridgian (~136 Ma) orogeny. The intrusion by the batholith transformed the diorite to metadiorite and the impure carbonate units of the Songhor Series. The batholith consists of rock types such as quartz syenite and syenogranite, which have a low average quartz content, and which are metaluminous to peraluminous and calc-alkaline in composition. Comparison of the compositions of the Almoughlagh batholith and the pluton with its Cu, Mo, Fe, Sn, W, Au, and Zn skarn deposits, indicates that the Baba Ali diorite geochemically shows much resemblance with those which could bring about Fe-Cu skarn mineralization, whereas the compositions of the Almoughlagh granitoids resembles those of the plutons associated with Mo and Zn skarn deposits. The associated hydrothermal activity related to the Almoughlagh batholith culminated in magnetite mineralisation in the Baba Ali and the Chenar mines in which copper mineralisation also is considerable.

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9

Sproule, R. A., R. Sutcliffe, H. Tracanelli, and C. M. Lesher. "Palaeoproterozoic Ni–Cu–PGE mineralisation in the Shakespeare intrusion, Ontario, Canada: a new style of Nipissing gabbro-hosted mineralisation." Applied Earth Science 116, no. 4 (December 2007): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174327507x207492.

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10

Idrus, Arifudin, Aji Syailendra Ubaidillah, I. Wayan Warmada, and Syafruddin Maula. "Geology, Rock Geochemistry and Ore Fluid Characteristics of the Brambang Copper-Gold Porphyry Prospect, Lombok Island, Indonesia." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2021.6.1.6145.

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Brambang is one of the porphyry copper-gold prospects/deposits situated along eastern Sunda arc. This study is aimed to understand geological framework, alteration geochemistry and ore fluid characteristics of the prospect. Fieldworks and various laboratory analyses were performed including petrography, ore microscopy, rock geochemistry, chlorite chemistry and fluid inclusion microthermometry. The prospect is composed of andesitic tuff and diorite which are intruded by tonalite porphyries. Tonalite porphyries are interpreted as ore mineralisation-bearing intrusion. Various hydrothermal alterations are identified including potassic, phyllic, propylitic, advanced argillic and argillic types. Ore mineralisation is characterized by magnetite and copper sulfides such as bornite and chalcopyrite. Potassic alteration is typified by secondary biotite, and associated with ore mineralisation. Mass balance calculation indicates SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, Cu and Au are added during potassic alteration process. Ore forming fluid is dominated by magmatic fluid at high temperature (450-600ºC) and high salinity (60-70 wt. % NaCl eq.). Hydrothermal fluid was diluted by meteoric water incursion at low-moderate temperature of 150-400ºC and salinity of 0.5-7 wt. % NaCl eq.

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11

Torremans, K., P. Muchez, and M. Sintubin. "Controls on ore mineralisation at the Nkana Cu-Co deposit, Zambia." Applied Earth Science 125, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03717453.2016.1166676.

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12

Babaei, Amir Haji, and Alireza Ganji. "Characteristics of the Ahmadabad hematite/barite deposit, Iran – studies of mineralogy, geochemistry and fluid inclusions." Geologos 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2018-0004.

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Abstract The Ahmadabad hematite/barite deposit is located to the northeast of the city of Semnan, Iran. Geostructurally, this deposit lies between the Alborz and the Central Iran zones in the Semnan Subzone. Hematite-barite mineralisation occurs in the form of a vein along a local fault within Eocene volcanic host rocks. The Ahmadabad deposit has a simple mineralogy, of which hematite and barite are the main constituents, followed by pyrite and Fe-oxyhydroxides such as limonite and goethite. Based on textural relationships between the above-mentioned principal minerals, it could be deduced that there are three hydrothermal mineralisation stages in which pyrite, hematite and barite with primary open space filling textures formed under different hydrothermal conditions. Subsequently, in the supergene stage, goethite and limonite minerals with secondary replacement textures formed under oxidation surficial conditions. Microthermometric studies on barite samples show that homogenisation temperatures (TH) for primary fluid inclusions range from 142 to 256°C with a temperature peak between 200 and 220°C. Salinities vary from 3.62 to 16.70 NaCl wt% with two different peaks, including one of 6 to 8 NaCl wt% and another of 12 to 14 NaCl wt%. This indicates that two different hydrothermal waters, including basinal and sea waters, could have been involved in barite mineralisation. The geochemistry of the major and trace elements in the samples studied indicate a hydrothermal origin for hematite and barite mineralisation. Moreover, the Fe/Mn ratio (>10) and plots of hematite samples of Ahmadabad ores on Al-Fe-Mn, Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+ Cu)×10, Fe-Mn-SiX2 and MnO/TiO2 – Fe2O3/TiO2 diagrams indicate that hematite mineralisation in the Ahmadabad deposit occurred under hydrothermal conditions. Furthermore, Ba and Sr enrichment, along with Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu and Sb depletion, in the barite samples of Ahmadabad ores are indicative of a low temperature hydrothermal origin for the deposit. A comparison of the ratios of LaN/YbN, CeN/YbN, TbN/LaN, SmN/NdN and parameters of Ce/Ce* and La/La* anomalies of the hematite, barite, host volcanic rocks and quartz latite samples to each other elucidate two important points: 1) the barite could have originated from volcanic host rocks, 2) the hematite could have originated from a quartz latite lithological unit. The chondrite normalised REE patterns of samples of hematite barite, volcanic host rocks and quartz latite imply that two different hydrothermal fluids could be proposed for hematite and barite mineralisation. The comparison between chondrite normalised REE patterns of Ahmadabad barite with oceanic origin barite and low temperature hydrothermal barite shows close similarities to the low temperature hydrothermal barite deposits.

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Cook, Nigel J. "Bismuth and bismuth–antimony sulphosalts from Neogene vein mineralisation, Baia Borşa area, Maramureş, Romania." Mineralogical Magazine 61, no. 406 (June 1997): 387–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1997.061.406.06.

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AbstractSeveral complex Cu-Pb-Bi, Cu-Pb-Bi-Sb and Ag-Pb-Bi sulphosalt minerals have been identified in samples from hydrothermal vein mineralisation associated with the Toroiaga sub-volcanic body in the Baia Borşa area of Maramureş County, northwest Romania. This is the first chemically-documented report of Bi-sulphosalts in the Neogene metallogenic province around Baia Mare. The investigated samples contain abundant amounts of matildite solid solution within galena, the Cu-Pb/Bi sulphosalts aikinite, friedrichite, krupkaite, hammarite, lindströmite and gladite as well as nuffieldite and berryite. Within the Ag-Pb/Bi group, the majority of analysed grains can be regarded as members of the lillianite homologous series. Three distinct lillianite homologues were identified, which correspond to (i) phases along the lillianite-gustavite solid solution join (Pb3Bi2S6-AgPbBi3S6), (ii) phases within solid solution field of heyrovskyite, and (iii) compositions which best correspond to ‘schirmerite’, sensu Makovicky and Karup-Møller (1977b), but may represent disordered gustavite, vikingite or eskimoite. Some of the analysed lillianite homologues contain excess Cu, which may occupy interstitial sites. Furthermore, a large proportion of the lillianite homologues display significant substitution of Sb for Bi within the limits predicted by experimental investigations. Cosalite, also showing a range of compositions including Sb-rich varieties is recognised. Izoklakeite, Cu2Pb22(Sb,Bi)22S57, is an abundant phase throughout the analysed samples, its composition is in good agreement with previously published analyses, except for excess Cu and Fe beyond the limits previously reported. The description of several minerals from this new occurrence and compositional data on them, including the Sb-bearing varieties, provides valuable additional information on compositional limits in natural samples.

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Scott, R. A., R. A. D. Pattrick, and D. A. Polya. "Origin of sulphur in metamorphosed stratabound mineralisation from the Argyll Group Dalradian of Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 82, no. 2 (1991): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007574.

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ABSTRACTSulphur isotopic data are presented for the four horizons of stratabound mineralisation in the Argyll Group Dalradian (Vendian) of the Central Highlands of Scotland. The styles of mineralisation reflect the stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the Dalradian basin. The SEDEX-type Ba + (Zn + Pb) Loch Lyon Horizon has δ34S values for pyrite of +17% and for baryte of +27%. The baryte sulphur source was Dalradian sea-water although the values were modified by isotopic exchange with an H2S-rich metamorphic fluid derived from the surrounding graphitic schists. The sulphur source for sulphide in the horizon was probably the underlying strata; sulphide values were only slightly affected by metamorphism. Sulphides in the Pyrite Horizon are isotopically indistinguishable from those in the remainder of the volcanogenic Ben Lawers Schist Formation (0 ± 4%); these values suggest that, at least in the Tyndrum area, sulphides in the Pyrite Horizon are of igneous origin. VMS-type Cu + Zn + Pb mineralisation in the Ben Challum Quartzite Formation has a narrow range of values around + ll%. The likely source of this sulphide sulphur is reduced sea-water sulphate, the isotopic values remaining consistent owing to the buffering effect of anhydrite in the underlying calcium-rich rocks.

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15

Blevin, Phillip L., and Bruce W. Chappell. "The role of magma sources, oxidation states and fractionation in determining the granite metallogeny of eastern Australia." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83, no. 1-2 (1992): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007987.

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ABSTRACTThe ore-element associations of granite-related ore deposits in the eastern Australian Palaeozoic fold belts can be related to the inferred relative oxidation state, halogen content and degree of fractional crystallisation within the associated granite suites. Sn mineralisation is associated with both S- and I-type granites that are reduced and have undergone fractional crystallisation. Cu and Au are associated with magnetite- and/or sphene-bearing, oxidised, intermediate I-type suites. Mo is associated with similar granites that are more fractionated and oxidised. W is associated with a variety of granite types and shows little dependence on inferred magma redox state. The observed ore deposit-granite type distribution in eastern Australia, and the behaviour of ore elements during fractionation, is consistent with models of ore element sequestering by sulphides and Fe-Ti phases (e.g. pyrrhotite, ilmenite, sphene, magnetite) whose stability is nominally fO2-dependent. Fractional crystallisation acts to amplify this process through the progressive removal of compatible elements and the concentration of incompatible elements into decreasing melt volumes. The halogen content is also important. S-type granites are poorer in Cl than I-types. Cl decreases and F increases in both S- and I-type granites with fractional crystallisation. Low Cl contents combined with low magma fO2 in themselves seem to provide an adequate explanation for the rarity of Mo, Cu, Pb and Zn type mineralisation with S-type granites. Although such properties of granite suites seem adequately to predict the associated ore-element assemblage to be expected in associated mineral deposits, additional factors determine whether or not there is associated economic mineralisation.

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Heilimo, Esa, Sini Halonen, Satu Mertanen, Sami Niemi, and Perttu Mikkola. "Hiekkapohja hydrothermal system – ore mineral, lithogeochemical and paleomagnetic evidence from the Paleoproterozoic Central Finland Granitoid Complex." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 94, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/94.2.003.

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The Paleoproterozoic Svecofennian Central Finland Granitoid Complex (CFGC) has been regarded as an area of low mineralisation potential. The Hiekkapohja area, 20km north-east of the town of Jyväskylä, host a concentration of variable metalliferous showings. Samples from mineralised boulders and outcrops display variable combinations of anomalously high concentrations of Cu, Mo, Zn, Pb, W, Pb, Ag, As, and Au. The area is composed mainly of peraluminous and ferroan granitoids. The dominant porphyritic Hiekkapohja granodiorite (~1.88 Ga) is cross-cut by the equigranular Soimavuori granite of similar age. The porphyritic Lehesvuori granite on the western side of the study area represents marginally older (~1.89 Ga) magmatism. The paragenetic sequence of the ore minerals shows that the Hiekkapohja area has been affected by at least two separate stages of hydrothermal activity. The first mineralisation stage was widespread, crystallising typically chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, magnetite and Ag-bearing minerals. After the first stage, a low temperature oxidising phase formed hematite and marcasite. The second mineralisation stage enclosed low temperature minerals, such as marcasite and native Ag and Ag-minerals, as inclusions inside chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and arsenopyrite. The mineralised samples typically display signs of K-metasomatism and less commonly signs of propylitic alteration. During the second mineralisation stage the fluid flow was controlled by the dominant 120°–135° trending shear zones. Both the hydrothermal activity and the regional geology indicate that porphyry type ore forming processes have occurred in the Hiekkapohja area. Paleoproterozoic resetting of the remanent magnetisation is further evidence for the role of the hydrothermal system.

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17

Robb, L. J., L. A. Freeman, and R. A. Armstrong. "Nature and longevity of hydrothermal fluid flow and mineralisation in granites of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 91, no. 1-2 (2000): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007434.

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The Lebowa Granite Suite of the Bushveld Complex is a large, 2054 Ma old, A-type batholith, characterised by numerous relatively small magmato-hydrothermal, polymetallic ore deposits. The mineralisation is represented by a three-stage paragenetic sequence: early magmatic Sn-W-Mo-F ores (600°C > T > 400°C), followed by a Cu-Pb-Zn-As-Ag-Au paragenesis (400°C > T > 200°C) and then late-stage Fe-F-U mineralisation (< 200°C). The first stage of mineralisation (typified by the endogranitic Zaaiplaats tin deposit) is related to incompatible trace element concentration during crystal fractionation and subsequent fluid saturation of the magma. Evolution of the late magmatic fluids as they were channelled along fractures, as well as mingling with externally derived connate or meteoric fluids, resulted in the deposition of the second stage of mineralisation (typified by the fracture-related, endogranitic Spoedwel and Albert deposits and the exogranitic, sediment-hosted Rooiberg mine) which is dominated by polymetallic sulphide ores. As the externally derived fluid component became progressively more dominant, oxidation of the polymetallic sulphide assemblage and precipitation of hematite, pitchblende and fluorite occurred generally along the same fracture systems that hosted the earlier sulphide paragenesis.Small hydrothermal zircons trapped along quartz growth zones from the Spoedwel deposit yield a U-Pb concordia age of 1957 ± 15 Ma. Whole-rock Rb-Sr age determinations from the Lebowa Granite Suite fall in the range 1790 ± 114 Ma to 1604 ± 70 Ma and are interpreted to reflect alkali element mobility and isotopic resetting during exhumation of the Bushveld granite. In contrast to thermal modelling which indicates that hydrothermal activity should have ceased within 4 my of emplacement, isotopic evidence suggests that mineralisation was long-lived, but episodic, and that fluid flow events were linked to major periods of Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic orogenic activity along the margins of the Kaapvaal Craton. During these orogenic episodes, fluid flow was enhanced by tectonically induced fluid over-pressuring and/or exhumation of the Bushveld Complex.

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18

Thunus, Léopold, and Robert Lejeune. "Determination of Zn, Cu, Ni and Co by Voltammetry in Plasma, without Mineralisation." Analytical Letters 23, no. 5 (May 1990): 901–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719008052491.

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19

Baumgartner, R. J., M. L. Fiorentini, D. Baratoux, S. Micklethwaite, A. K. Sener, J. P. Lorand, and T. C. McCuaig. "Magmatic controls on the genesis of Ni–Cu±(PGE) sulphide mineralisation on Mars." Ore Geology Reviews 65 (March 2015): 400–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.10.004.

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20

Dehaine, Quentin, Laurens T. Tijsseling, Gavyn K. Rollinson, Mike W. N. Buxton, and Hylke J. Glass. "Geometallurgical Characterisation with Portable FTIR: Application to Sediment-Hosted Cu-Co Ores." Minerals 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010015.

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Cobalt (Co) mine production primarily originates from the sediment-hosted copper (Cu) deposits of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These deposits usually consist of three ore zones with a supergene oxide ore blanket overlying a transition zone which grades into a sulphide zone at depth. Each of these zones display a mineral assemblage with varying gangue mineralogy and, most importantly, a distinct state of oxidation of the mineralisation. This has direct implications for Cu and Co extraction during mineral processing as it dictates which processing method is to be used (i.e., leaching vs. flotation) and affects the performance of these. To optimise resource efficiency, reduce technical risks and environmental impacts, comprehensive understanding of variation of ore mineralogy and texture in the deposit is essential. By defining geometallurgical ore types according to their inferred metallurgical behaviour, this information can serve to classify the resources and improve resource management. To obtain insight into the spatial distribution of mineral grades, it is necessary to develop techniques that have the potential to measure rapidly and, preferably, within the mine at relatively low-cost. In this study, the application of portable Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is investigated to measure the mineralogy of drill core samples. A set of samples from a sediment-hosted Cu-Co deposit in DRC was selected to test this approach. Results were validated using automated mineralogy (QEMSCAN). Prediction of gangue and target mineral grades from the FTIR spectra was achieved through partial least squares regression (PLS-R) combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS). It is shown that the modal mineralogy obtained from FTIR can be used to classify the ore according to type of mineralisation and gangue mineralogy into geometallurgical ore types. This classification supports selection of a suitable processing route and is likely to affect the overall process performance.

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An, Xiaoqiang, Huijuan Liu, Jiuhui Qu, Savio J. A. Moniz, and Junwang Tang. "Photocatalytic mineralisation of herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid: enhanced performance by triple junction Cu–TiO2–Cu2O and the underlying reaction mechanism." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 1 (2015): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj01317d.

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A novel Cu–TiO₂–Cu₂O triple junction shows superior photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of toxic 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide, via a hole-dominant photooxidation mechanism.

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Schneider, G. I. C., and H. J. Lauenstein. "A new occurrence of vesigniéite from the Gorob-Hope copper deposit, Namibia." Mineralogical Magazine 56, no. 382 (March 1992): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1992.056.382.08.

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AbstractAn iron-rich vesigniéite, [Ba(Cu,Fe)3(VO4)2(OH)2] with Cu : Fe near 4 : 1, was identified in samples from the submarine-exhalative Gorob-Hope copper deposit, Namibia. The olive-colour mineral occurs as mammillary encrustations and vein fillings in the gossan zone of this deposit; it often has a brownish oxidation coating. The main X-ray lines are 3.21 Å (100) [204, 113], 2.72 Å (63) [313,002] and 2.94 Å (61) [020, 311]. The cell parameters are a = 10.236, b = 5.905, c = 14.253 Å and B = 103.71°. The formation of vesigniéite took place during the alteration of the ore under strongly alkaline and slightly reducing to oxidizing conditions. While copper and barium were derived from the submarine exhalative mineralisation, vanadium was leached from the countryrock, a micea schist.

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Bulat, Zorica, Danijela Đukić-Ćosić, Biljana Antonijević, Aleksandra Buha, Petar Bulat, Zoran Pavlović, and Vesna Matović. "Can zinc supplementation ameliorate cadmium-induced alterations in the bioelement content in rabbits?" Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 68, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2919.

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Abstract The study was designed to investigate the influence of zinc (Zn) supplementation on cadmium-induced alterations in zinc, copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg) status in rabbits. For this purpose, the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), Zn, Cu, and Mg were estimated in the blood, liver, kidney, and bone. The rabbits were divided in a control group, a Cd group-animals intoxicated orally with Cd (10 mg kg-1 bw, as aqueous solution of Cd-chloride), and a Cd+Zn group-animals intoxicated with the same dose of Cd and co-treated with Zn (20 mg kg-1 bw, as aqueous solution of Zn-sulphate). Solutions were administered orally, every day for 28 days. Sample mineralisation was performed with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4) (4:1) and metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Zinc supplementation improved some of Cd-induced disturbances in bioelement levels in the investigated tissues. Beneficial effects of Zn on Zn and Cu levels were observed in blood, as well as on the Cu kidney level. The calculated values for Cu/Zn, Mg/Zn, and Mg/Cu ratios in blood suggest that Zn co-treatment reduces Cd-induced changes in bioelement ratios in blood.

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Teh, Guan Hoe, and Heng Poh Lee. "EPMA characterization of the Fe-Cu-Sn mineralisation at Waterfall Mine, Pelepah Kanan, Johor." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 46 (May 1, 2003): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm46200363.

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25

Krcmarov, R. L., and J. I. Stewart. "Geology and mineralisation of the Greenmount Cu‐Au‐Co deposit, southeastern Marimo Basin, Queensland." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, no. 3 (June 1998): 463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099808728404.

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26

He, Xi-Heng, Xiao-Hua Deng, Leon Bagas, Jing Zhang, Chao Li, and Wen-Dong Zhang. "Geology, geochronology, and fluid inclusion studies of the Xiaorequanzi volcanogenic massive sulphide Cu–Zn deposit in the East Tianshan Terrane, China." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 12 (December 2020): 1392–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0067.

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The Xiaorequanzi Cu–Zn deposit is in the westernmost part of East Tianshan Terrane in northwestern China. The deposit is unique in the region being a volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit located near a zone (or belt) containing giant late Paleozoic porphyry Cu deposits. Aiming to better understand the genesis of the mineral deposits in the terrane and their tectonic setting, we report our findings of detailed studies on fluid inclusion microthermometry, Re–Os dating of chalcopyrite from the massive ore, and U–Pb dating of zircons from the host volcanic rocks. There are two sulphide stages with early pyrite succeeded by chalcopyrite–sphalerite, which are hydrothermally overprinted and supergene enriched. The hydrothermal overprinting is characterised by quartz–sulphide veins crossed by carbonate-rich quartz veins. Quartz from the chalcopyrite–sphalerite stage is characterised by primary fluid inclusions containing H2O–NaCl(–CO2) and homogenise at 228–392 °C with a salinity of 2.2–13.3 wt.% NaCl equiv. Secondary fluid inclusions related to the hydrothermal overprinting homogenise at 170–205 °C with a salinity of 2.7–12.1 wt.% NaCl equiv. Fluid inclusions in the quartz–sulphide stage of the hydrothermal overprinting contain H2O–NaCl with homogenisation temperatures of 164–281 °C and salinities in ranging from 2.9 to 12.4 wt.% NaCl equiv. Fluid inclusion in the quartz–calcite stage contain H2O–NaCl with homogenisation temperatures of 122–204 °C with salinities of 1.4–12.4 wt.% NaCl equiv. These characteristics are like those of the secondary fluid inclusions in the VMS mineralisation. Combining these findings with H–O isotopic data from previous studies, we propose that the primary mineralising fluid is magmatic in origin. Tuff hosting the mineralisation yields a SHRIMP U–Pb zircon age of 352 ± 5 Ma, which is interpreted as the age of the tuff, and a porphyritic felsite dyke intruding the tuff yields a SHRIMP U–Pb zircon date of 345 ± 6 Ma, interpreted as the emplacement age of the dyke. Chalcopyrite from the main orebody at Xiaorequanzi yields a Re–Os isochron age of 336 ± 13 Ma with an initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.25 ± 0.55 (MSWD = 12). Given that the VMS deposit is a syngenetic deposit, we regard the upper ca. 349 Ma limit of the Re–Os date as the approximate age of the chalcopyrite. The three dates are the same within error, and the upper limit of the Re–Os date of ca. 349 is taken as the age of the volcanic, dyke, and mineralisation. The volcanic rocks around the Xiaorequanzi deposit have been previously classified as calc–alkaline to high-K calc–alkaline enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and depleted in high-field-strength elements, which are characteristics indicative of a forearc setting. It is suggested that VMS mineralisation formed in a forearc setting related to the north-directed subduction of the Palaeo-Kangguer or North Tianshan oceanic plates.

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Smith, W. D., W. D. Maier, and I. Bliss. "Contact-style magmatic sulphide mineralisation in the Labrador Trough, northern Quebec, Canada: implications for regional prospectivity." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 7 (July 2020): 867–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0137.

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The Labrador Trough in northern Quebec is currently the focus of ongoing exploration for magmatic Ni-Cu-platinum group element (PGE) sulphide ores. This geological belt hosts voluminous basaltic sills and lavas of the Montagnais Sill Complex, which are locally emplaced among sulphidic metasedimentary country rocks. The recently discovered Idefix PGE-Cu prospect represents a stack of gabbroic sills that host stratiform patchy disseminated to net-textured sulphides (0.2–0.4 g/t PGE+Au) over a thickness of ∼20 m, for up to 7 km. In addition, globular sulphides occur at the base of the sill, adjacent to the metasedimentary floor rocks. Whole-rock and PGE geochemistry indicates that the sills share a common source and that the extracted magma underwent significant fractionation before emplacement in the upper crust. To develop the PGE-enriched ores, sulphide melt saturation was attained before final emplacement, peaking at R factors of ∼10 000. Globular sulphides entrained along the base of the sill ingested crustally derived arsenic and were ultimately preserved in the advancing chilled margin.

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Gauert, Christoph, and Armin Zeh. "Downdip Development of the Ni-Cu-PGE-Bearing Mafic to Ultramafic Uitkomst Complex, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." Minerals 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010022.

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The about 2055-Ma-old mafic to ultramafic Uitkomst Complex in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa hosts the low-grade-large-tonnage Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, Nkomati. The complex is regarded to represent a satellite to the Bushveld Complex and a feeder to an eroded magmatic reservoir in the southeast. Aeromagnetic surveys and previous drilling indicated an overall northwestern-downdip extension of the complex, but the question is to what extent and in which expression can the complete intrusion be found under cover in the northwest? Answering this, a mineralogical, geochemical and geochronological investigation of a borehole intersection of the whole complex at Little Mamre was carried out, using petrography, XRF, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS U–Pb analyses of zircons for age determination. Although the total thickness of the rock units is larger than to the southeast, emplacement, litho- and mineral chemistry trends, expression of alteration mineralogy and style of sulphide mineralisation are similar. The amount of sulphide mineralisation is on average less than in the southeast. The upper ultramafic unit contains, more frequently, pegmatoidal sections, and the Chromitiferous Harzburgite unit has less massive chromitite layers than the southeastern parts of the complex, whereas the gabbro(-norite) units contain more interstitial liquid with late-stage minerals. The findings confirm that the anvil-shaped intrusion in cross section continues with increased thickness towards northwest at a shallow dip; although approaching the deeper part of the igneous reservoir, mineral compositions are partially more evolved. The overall mineralogical consistency downdip supports a situation of multiple magma replenishment along a flat-lying, northwest–southeast trending conduit, resulting in an evolved cumulus mineral assemblage in the upper part.

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Pujari, G. N., and J. P. Shrivastava. "High bioassay values inTerminalia alata leaves: indication of Cu mineralisation in Malanjkhand Granitoid, Central India." Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability 13, no. 4 (January 2001): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/095422901782775417.

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Zengerer, Matthew. "Geostatistically and Drilling Constrained Magnetic Inversion for Predicting Mineralisation at the Basil Cu-Co Deposit." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2015, no. 1 (December 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2015ab061.

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Mathieu, Jordan, Elizabeth C. Turner, Daniel J. Kontak, Mostafa Fayek, and Ryan Mathur. "Atypical Cu mineralisation in the Cornwallis carbonate-hosted Zn district: Storm copper deposit, Arctic Canada." Ore Geology Reviews 99 (August 2018): 86–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.06.009.

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Standing, Jonathan. "Structural Setting and Controls on Ni-Cu Sulphide Mineralisation at Nova-Bollinger, Fraser Zone, WA." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2019, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22020586.2019.12073109.

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Catchpole, Honza, Kalin Kouzmanov, Aldo Bendezú, Maria Ovtcharova, Richard Spikings, Holly Stein, and Lluís Fontboté. "Timing of porphyry (Cu-Mo) and base metal (Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu) mineralisation in a magmatic-hydrothermal system—Morococha district, Peru." Mineralium Deposita 50, no. 8 (February 14, 2015): 895–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-014-0564-x.

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Pribavkin, S. V., A. V. Коrovko, and I. A. Gottman. "Geological structure and petrology of the Nizhne-Sinyachikhinsky granitoid massif (Alapayevsk-Sukhoi Log porphyry copper zone, the Middle Urals)." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 20, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2020-20-2-212-223.

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Research subject. The geological structure and rock composition of the Nizhne-Sinyachikhinsky plagiogranite massif, which is part of the Alapaevsk-Sukholozhsky zone, is promising for the Cu(Au,Mo)-porphyric mineralization type, were studied. The aim was to determine the formation features of these rocks and compare them with the productive granitoids of Ural porphyry deposits of similar age. Materials and methods. The mineral composition of the rocks was determined using a JEOL JSM 6790LV scanning electron microscope with an INCA Energy 450 X-Max 80 EDS spectrometer and a CAMECA SX-100 electron microprobe analyser. The rock composition was obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry on a SRM-35 and XRF-1800 spectrometers with the titrimetric determination of FeO. The concentrations of rare and rare-earth elements were determined on an ELAN 9000 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer at the Geoanalitik Center for Collective Use of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results. For the first time, an early tonalite-plagiogranite series was identified in the structure of the massif. This series is represented by tonalites of the hypabyssal appearance, broken through by the dikes of plagiogranite-porphyry. It was shown that the separation of plagiogranite-porphyry melts from magmas of the mafic composition occurred at the base of the island-arc construction, and their crystallisation was carried out in an intermediate chamber at a pressure of 1.8–2.3 kbar. In contrast, the plagiogranites of the main phase of the massif were separated from the parent melt in an intermediate chamber located at the level of the upper crust, and their crystallisation occurred at a pressure of 1.5–2.0 kbar. Conclusions. A comparison of the main phase plagiogranites and the isolated early-series plagiogranite-porphyry indicates their similar composition, as well as their similarity in age with the granitoids of the Southern Urals, productive in terms of the porphyry mineralisation type. The concentrations of F, Cl and S in the apatites and amphiboles of the rocks under study is an argument in favour of their belonging to andesitoid formations that are productive in terms of the Cu (Au)-porphyry mineralisation type. The absence of the sulphide mineralisation of this type can be explained by a more significant depth of rock formation and their erosion section.

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Kharanzhevskaya, Yu A., and A. A. Sinyutkina. "Effects of wildfire on the water chemistry of the northeastern part of the Great Vasyugan Mire (Western Siberia)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 928, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/928/1/012006.

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Abstract In this study, we determined the effect of wildfire in 2016 on the water chemistry of the northeastern drained part of the Great Vasyugan Mire. The influence of the pyrogenic factor on the water chemistry of the Great Vasyugan Mire was marked by an increase in concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fetotal, SO4 2–, HCO3 –, NO– 3, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd. The maximum concentrations were observed in the spring (April) during the snow melting period, as well as during the rewetting period after the summer drought. In 2018–2019, there was a decrease in the concentration of the components in the waters after the fire in 2016 (SO4 2–, HCO3 –, NO– 3, Pb, Cd, Zn). An increase in the content of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH+ 4, and Cu was noted, which is associated with the intensification of the processes of mineralisation of plant residues in the upper burnt peat layers.

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Heneralova, Larysa, Oleksandr Kostyuk, and Leonid Khomyak. "The question about partycoloured rud mineralisation in skyba zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series 35, no. 35 (2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgl.35.05.

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The pelagical and gemipelagical (deep sea) association peculiarities of Paleogene rocks in the Skyba zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians has distal turbidites and (gemi)pelagites which are interspersed among themselves. Peculiarities horizons belong to a certain levels rocks in outcrops. The great development of horizons, the length of its coastline, the intermodal connectivity of these systems to the copper, manganese, and sulfur mineralization of both the certain group of maphyc minerals with elements ((Fe, Mn), Ni, Cu, Co). In any event, the topic required further study, and the draft resolution proposed in the art was therefore premature. Lithological, structural and textural peculiarities of Paleogene rocks with a breakdown by other dimensions, as required, would help to clarify their meaning, theoretical aspects, and understand function of creation in the Skyba zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians (outer part of the Carpathian flysh basins by Tetis ocean). Nevertheless, there is still a need to develop further opportunities for mineral exploration because these mineralization too are of economic interest.

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Cohen, David R., Andreas M. Zissimos, Joseph A. Schifano, and Neil F. Rutherford. "Biogeochemical response of Pinus brutia and Olea europaea to lithological variations and Cu mineralisation in Cyprus." Science of The Total Environment 759 (March 2021): 143434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143434.

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Griessmann, Martin, Andreas Schmidt Mumm, Thomas Seifert, and Colin Conor. "The mineralising system of the Mt. Mulga barite–magnetite–Cu–Au mineralisation, Olary Domain, South Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 101, no. 1 (April 2009): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.12.059.

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39

Morey, A. A., F. P. Bierlein, D. P. Cherry, and G. Turner. "Genesis of greenstone‐hosted Cu–Au mineralisation at Hill 800, Mt Useful Slate Belt, eastern Victoria." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 5 (October 2002): 787–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2002.00954.x.

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40

Li, Mingtang, Siqi Liu, Yuqi Wang, Hoaithuong Do, and Chunli Zhao. "Effect of coexisting metal ions on bio-precipitation of Cu2+ phosphate by Rahnella sp. LRP3 and its stability in soil." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 12 (December 10, 2021): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/279/2021-pse.

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The phosphate precipitation of heavy metal induced by microorganisms plays an important role in immobilising heavy metal in soil. However, there is little knowledge about the effect of coexisting metal ions on the induction of Cu phosphate mineral and its stability. In this paper, the Cu phosphate precipitations, coexisting with Pb2+ or Ca2+ induced by strain LRP3, were characterised, and the stabilisation of the induced phosphate precipitates was also studied. The coexistence of Cu with Pb or Ca decreased the removal efficiency of Cu2+ by 17.18% and 9.78%, respectively, indicating the competitive adsorption between cations. Strain LRP3 could induce a new phosphate mineral of CuCa10(PO4)7 when coexisting with Ca and also generate the phosphate minerals of Pb(H2PO4)2 and Cu3(PO4)2 when coexisting with Pb. The Cu-Ca coprecipitate could enhance the stability of Cu in dilute acid solution and soil with or without a plant, whiles the Cu-Pb one showed the opposite effect. Also, the Cu-induced phosphate precipitates were relatively stable and not easy to be absorbed by Pakchoi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis). The results showed that the influence of coexisting metal ions should be considered when phosphate mineralisation technology is used to immobilise heavy metals in the environment.

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Sutarto, Sutarto, Arifudin Idrus, Agung Harijoko, Lucas Donny Setijadji, and Franz Michael Meyer. "VEINS AND HYDROTHERMAL BRECCIAS OF THE RANDU KUNING PORPHYRY Cu-Au AND EPITHERMAL Au DEPOSITS AT SELOGIRI AREA, CENTRAL JAVA INDONESIA." Journal of Applied Geology 7, no. 2 (July 27, 2015): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.26982.

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The Randu Kuning prospect is situated at Selogiri area, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. This location is about 40 km to the south-east from Solo city or approximately 70 km east of Yogyakarta city. Many Tertiary dioritic rocks related alterationmineralisation were found at the Randu Kuning area and its vicinity, including hornblende microdiorite, hornblende-pyroxene diorite and quartz diorite. Mineralisation type of the Randu Kuning prospect was interpreted as porphyry Cu-Au and a number epithermal Au-base metals deposits in its surrounding. The closed existing of porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au-base metals type deposits at the Randu Kuning area produced a very complex of veins and hydrothermal breccias crosscutting relationship. A lot of porphyry veins types were found and observed at the Randu Kuning area, and classiﬁed into at least seven types. Most of the porphyry veins were cross cut by epithermal type veins. Many epithermal veins also are found and crosscut into deeply porphyry vein types. There are genetically at least two type of hydrothermal breccias have recognized in the research area, i.e. magmatic-hydrothermal breccia and phreatomagmatic breccia. Magmatic hydrothermal breccias are mostly occured in contact between hornblende microdiorite or quartz diorite and hornblende-pyroxene diorite, characterized by angular fragments/clasts supported or inﬁlled by silicas, carbonates and sulphides matrix derived from hydrothermal ﬂuids precipitation. Phreatomagmatic breccias are characterized by abundant of the juvenile clasts, indicated contact between hot magma with ﬂuid or water as well as many wall rock fragments such as altered diorites and volcaniclastic rock clasts set in clastical matrix. The juvenile clasts usually compossed by volcanic glasses and aphanitic rocks in rounded-irregular shape. Both veining and brecciation processes have an important role in gold and copper mineralisation of the Randu Kuning Porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au-base metals deposits, mostly related to the presence of quartz veins/veinlets containing signiﬁcant sulphides, i.e., quartz with thin centre line sulphides (Abtype) veins, pyrite±chalcopyrite (C type) veinlets, pyrite+quartz± chalcopyrire±carbonate (D type) veins of porphyry types as well as epithermal environment quarts+ sulphides+carbonate veins.

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Reid, Anthony. "The Olympic Cu-Au Province, Gawler Craton: A Review of the Lithospheric Architecture, Geodynamic Setting, Alteration Systems, Cover Successions and Prospectivity." Minerals 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060371.

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The Olympic Cu-Au Province is a metallogenic province in South Australia that contains one of the world’s most significant Cu-Au-U resources in the Olympic Dam deposit. The Olympic Cu-Au Province also hosts a range of other iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits including Prominent Hill and Carrapateena. This paper reviews the geology of the Olympic Cu-Au Province by investigating the lithospheric architecture, geodynamic setting and alteration systematics. In addition, since the province is almost entirely buried by post-mineral cover, the sedimentary cover sequences are also reviewed. The Olympic Cu-Au Province formed during the early Mesoproterozoic, ca. 1.6 Ga and is co-located with a fundamental lithospheric boundary in the eastern Gawler Craton. This metallogenic event was driven in part by melting of a fertile, metasomatized sub-continental lithospheric mantle during a major regional tectonothermal event. Fluid evolution and multiple fluid mixing resulted in alteration assemblages that range from albite, magnetite and other higher temperature minerals to lower temperature assemblages such as hematite, sericite and chlorite. IOCG mineralisation is associated with both high and low temperature assemblages, however, hematite-rich IOCGs are the most economically significant. Burial by Mesoproterzoic and Neoproterozoic-Cambrian sedimentary successions preserved the Olympic Cu-Au Province from erosion, while also providing a challenge for mineral exploration in the region. Mineral potential modelling identifies regions within the Olympic Cu-Au Province and adjacent Curnamona Province that have high prospects for future IOCG discoveries. Exploration success will rely on improvements in existing potential field and geochemical data, and be bolstered by new 3D magnetotelluric surveys. However, drilling remains the final method for discovery of new mineral resources.

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El Arbaoui, Amal, Ismaïla N’Diaye, Zaineb Hajjar, Amina Wafik, Abdelhak Boutaleb, Said Ilmen, Abderrahim Essaifi, and Mohammed Bouabdellah. "Fluid Origin and Evolution of the Roc Blanc Silver Deposit (Jebilet Massif, Variscan Belt, Morocco): Constraints from Geology and Fluid Inclusions." Geofluids 2022 (December 7, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3882516.

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The Roc Blanc Pb-Zn-Ag-Au vein deposit is located in the NW of Marrakech, in the Central Jebilet massif. It is spatially related to Bramram-Tabouchennt-Bamega (BTB) granodioritic pluton (ca. 330 Ma) metamorphism aureole. The main veins hosted in black shales are oriented N-S to NNW-SSE. Pb-Zn-Ag-Au ore is associated with quartz, chlorite, sericite, and carbonate gangue minerals. Two major stages of ore deposition were distinguished. The preore stage (stage I) comprises two quartz-mineralised vein generations with Fe, As, Zn, and Cu ores (vg1 and vg2). The main ore stage (stage II) consists mainly on Ag, Au, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Sb ores, which is hosted by carbonaceous vein (vg3) and by two late quartz generations veins (vg4 and vg5 with a geodic quartz). Three types of fluid inclusions have been recognized in silver mineralisation bearing quartz veins according to petrographic investigations, microthermometry, and Raman spectroscopy studies: (i) liquid-rich H2O-N2-CH4±CO2-(salt) fluid inclusions (type 1), (ii) vapour-rich H2O-CO2-CH4-N2-(salt) fluid inclusions (type 2), and (iii) aqueous H2O-(salt) fluid inclusions (type 3). The interpretation of fluid inclusion data shows a mixing of two fluids that are metamorphic and surface to subsurface origin, trapped at boiling state. The first mineralised stage was deposited at 350 ± 20 ° C (this temperature of ore deposition was supported also by chlorite geothermometry) with salinity of 13.7 wt% NaCl equiv., while the deposition of the argentiferous stage, which consists of the main economic mineralisation of the Roc Blanc deposit, occurs during decreasing temperature at 150°C with a salinity of 12.1 wt% NaCl equiv. The all-mineralised ore was deposited at relatively low pressure, below ~1-1.1 kbar. So, fluid dilution and cooling are probably the main factor for silver deposition in the Roc Blanc polymetallic vein deposit. In addition, fluid inclusion studies reveal that the mineralising fluid corresponds to a mixture of metamorphic fluid (H2O-CH4-N2-CO2) with surface to subsurface aqueous gas-free fluids (H2O-salt, meteoric, or brine).

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Perkins, C., and L. A. I. Wyborn. "Age of Cu‐Au mineralisation, Cloncurry district, eastern Mt Isa Inlier, Queensland, as determined by40Ar/39Ar dating∗." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, no. 2 (April 1998): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099808728384.

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Milu, Viorica, Jacques L. Leroy, and Patrice Piantone. "The Bolcana Cu–Au ore deposit (Metaliferi Mountains, Romania): first data on the alteration and related mineralisation." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 335, no. 8 (August 2003): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0713(03)00120-2.

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Kinnaird, Judith A., Robert A. Ixer, Barbara Barreiro, and Paul A. Nex. "Contrasting sources for lead in Cu-polymetallic and Zn–Pb mineralisation in Ireland: constraints from lead isotopes." Mineralium Deposita 37, no. 5 (June 2002): 495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0252-5.

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Jonsson, Erik, Karin Högdahl, Jaroslaw Majka, and Mikhail Murashko. "Te-Cu-rich sudburyite – the first platinum-group-element mineral from the selenide mineralisation at Skrikerum, Sweden." Neues Jahrbuch f??r Mineralogie - Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geoche 191, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2014/0252.

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Mambwe, Pascal, Louis Kipata, Mumba Chabu, Philippe Muchez, Toto Lubala, Michel Jébrak, and Damien Delvaux. "Sedimentology of the Shangoluwe breccias and timing of the Cu mineralisation (Katanga Supergroup, D. R. of Congo)." Journal of African Earth Sciences 132 (August 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.04.017.

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Lowczak, Jessica N., Ian H. Campbell, Helen Cocker, Jung-Woo Park, and David R. Cooke. "Platinum-group element geochemistry of the Forest Reef Volcanics, southeastern Australia: Implications for porphyry Au-Cu mineralisation." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 220 (January 2018): 385–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.052.

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Kankara, Aliyu Ibrahim, and Terlumun Adagba. "Geochemical investigation of gold and chalcophile minerals of Rawayau Area Katsina State, Nigeria." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8, no. 2a (June 24, 2022): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v8i2a.14.

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Abstract:

This present study investigated the Gold and Chalcophile mineralisation potentials of the Rawayau area in Northwestern Nigeria. The aim of the investigation is to delineate the likely Gold and Chalcophile mineralisation occurrences in the study area so as to aid further exploration studies that will identify Gold rich targets worth investing resources for detail exploration project before mining. To achieve this, 17 samples (7 rock samples and 10 sediments) were collected and subjected to laboratory analysis at the National Geologic Survey Agency (NGSA) in Kaduna. The geochemical study showed that the Au concentration ranged from below detection level (bdl) to 0.09ppm in the rock samples, while ranging from 0.013ppm to 0.137ppm in the sediments. Ag concentration ranged from 0.37ppm to 0.97ppm with in the rock samples, while ranging from 0.088ppm to 0.229ppm in the sediments, thus showing a higher concentration in both rock and sediments than Au. Significant positive relationship was observed between Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn and Co from the correlation analysis. It also revealed a subsurface increment of Gold and Chalcophile concentration of Nickel, Copper and Zinc with higher concentration of Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Chromium and Lead in comparison to Gold and Silver. The study concludes that the Rawayau area holds much prospects for Gold and other minerals. It is suggested that further exploratory studies be carried out so as to pave way for the commencement of mining activities in the study area”.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cu mineralisation'

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