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Journal articles on the topic 'Cu based cells'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Chung, Yong-Duck, Dae-Hyung Cho, Won-Seok Han, Nae-Man Park, Kyu-Seok Lee, and Jeha Kim. "Incorporation of Cu in Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based Thin-film Solar Cells." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 57, no. 6(1) (December 15, 2010): 1826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.57.1826.

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2

Simchi, Hamed, Brian E. McCandless, T. Meng, Jonathan H. Boyle, and William N. Shafarman. "MoO3 back contact for CuInSe2-based thin film solar cells." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1018.

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ABSTRACTMoO3 films with a high work function (5.5 eV), high transparency, and a wide bandgap (3.0 - 3.4 eV) are a potential candidate for the primary back contact of Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells. This may be advantageous to form ohmic contact in superstrate devices where the back contact will be deposited after the Cu(InGa)Se2 layer and MoSe2 layer doesn’t form during Cu(InGa)Se2 deposition. In addition, the MoO3 may be incorporated in a transparent back contact in tandem or bifacial cells. In this study, MoO3 films for use as a back contact for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells were prepared by reactive rf sputtering with O2/(O2+Ar) = 35%. The effect of post processing on the structural properties of the deposited films were investigated using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Annealing resulted in crystallization of the films to the α-MoO3 phases at 400°C. Increasing the oxygen partial pressure had no significant effect on optical transmittance of the films, and bandgaps in the range of 2.6-2.9 eV and 3.1-3.4 eV were obtained for the as deposited and annealed films, respectively. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells prepared using an as-deposited Mo-MoO3 back contact yielded an efficiency of >14% with VOC = 647 (mV), JSC = 28.4 (mA), and FF. = 78.1%. Cells with ITO-MoO3 back contact showed an efficiency of ∼12% with VOC = 642 (mV), JSC = 26.8 (mA), and FF. = 69.2%. The efficiency of cells with an annealed MoO3 back contact was limited to 4%, showing a blocking diode behavior in the forward bias J-V curve. This may be caused by the presence of a barrier between the valence bands of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and MoO3, due to the higher bandgap of the annealed MoO3 films. SEM cross section studies showed uniform coverage of the as-deposited MoO3 layer and formation of voids for the annealed MoO3 film. Structural orientation of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layer was also altered by the MoO3 film and less-oriented films were observed for either cases.

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3

Taskesen, Teoman, Devendra Pareek, David Nowak, Willi Kogler, Thomas Schnabel, Erik Ahlswede, and Levent Gütay. "Potential of CZTSe Solar Cells Fabricated by an Alloy-Based Processing Strategy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 74, no. 8 (August 27, 2019): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2019-0136.

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AbstractIn this manuscript, we give an overview of the main insights into our growth procedure for kesterite solar cells and show the possibilities that are provided by this approach. The importance of using Cu–Sn alloy instead of elemental Sn and Cu in the precursor is shown. We discuss how the alloy approach stabilises the composition and helps guide the process along a preferred reaction pathway. A summary of our previously reported findings in the context of our latest results on kesterite solar cells prepared from Cu–Sn alloyed precursors is drawn. The positive impact of an alloy precursor configuration on the formation pathway, process control, and process resilience is demonstrated. Furthermore, a new optimisation strategy for kesterite, based on the reported pathway, is discussed, including a smooth phase transition from Cu-rich to Cu-poor kesterite. Finally, we demonstrate results on buffer optimisation and the application of a promising hybrid buffer configuration of CdS/Zn(O,S), which can reduce the optical losses in the solar cell structure.

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4

Son, Hyung Jin, Kuen Kee Hong, Byeong‐Kwon Ju, and Sung Hyun Kim. "Oxidation‐resistant Cu‐based metallisation for Si solar cells." Energy Science & Engineering 10, no. 4 (March 11, 2022): 1264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1082.

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5

Horzel, Jorg T., Yuan Shengzhao, Norbert Bay, Michael Passig, Damian Pysch, Holger Kuhnlein, Hartmut Nussbaumer, and Pierre Verlinden. "Industrial Si Solar Cells With Cu-Based Plated Contacts." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5, no. 6 (November 2015): 1595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2015.2478067.

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6

Naghavi, N., F. Mollica, J. Goffard, J. Posada, A. Duchatelet, M. Jubault, F. Donsanti, et al. "Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 based solar cells." Thin Solid Films 633 (July 2017): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2016.11.029.

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7

Ergen, Onur, Ecem Celik, Ahmet Hamdi Unal, and Mert Yusuf Erdolu. "Screen Engineered Field Effect Cu₂O Based Solar Cells." IEEE Electron Device Letters 41, no. 7 (July 2020): 1138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2020.2995924.

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8

Cheng, Zhao, Xilang Jin, Yinggang Liu, Lei Zheng, and Hao He. "An ESIPT-Based Fluorescent Probe for Aqueous Cu+ Detection through Strip, Nanofiber and Living Cells." Molecules 28, no. 9 (April 26, 2023): 3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093725.

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Constructed on the benzothiazole-oxanthracene structure, a fluorescent probe RBg for Cu+ was designed under the ESIPT mechanism and synthesized by incorporating amide bonds as the connecting group and glyoxal as the identifying group. Optical properties revealed a good sensitivity and a good linear relationship of the probe RBg with Cu+ in the concentration range of [Cu+] = 0–5.0 μmol L−1. Ion competition and fluorescence-pH/time stability experiments offered further possibilities for dynamic Cu+ detection in an aqueous environment. HRMS analysis revealed a possible 1:1 combination of RBg and Cu+. In addition, colorimetric Cu+ detection and lysosome-targeted properties of the probe RBg were analyzed through RBg-doped PVDF nanofiber/test strips and RBg-Mito/Lyso trackers that were co-stained in living HeLa cells, enabling the probe’s future applications as real-time detection methods for dynamic Cu+ tracking in the lysosomes and Cu+ detection under diversified conditions.

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9

Raval, Mehul C., and Chetan S. Solanki. "Review of Ni-Cu Based Front Side Metallization for c-Si Solar Cells." Journal of Solar Energy 2013 (November 21, 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/183812.

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Given the high percentage of metal cost in cell processing and concerns due to increasing Ag prices, alternative metallization schemes are being considered. Ni-Cu based front side metallization offers potential advantages of finer grid lines, lower series resistance, and reduced costs. A brief overview of various front side patterning techniques is presented. Subsequently, working principle of various plating techniques is discussed. For electroless plated Ni seed layer, fill factor values nearing 80% and efficiencies close to 17.5% have been demonstrated, while for Light Induced Plating deposited layers, an efficiency of 19.2% has been reported. Various methods for qualifying adhesion and long term stability of metal stack are discussed. Adhesion strengths in the range of 1–2.7 N/mm have been obtained for Ni-Cu contacts tabbed with conventional soldering process. Given the significance of metallization properties, different methods for characterization are outlined. The problem of background plating for Ni-Cu based metallization along with the various methods for characterization is summarized. An economic evaluation of front side metallization indicates process cost saving of more than 50% with Ni-Cu-Sn based layers. Recent successful commercialization and demonstration of Ni-Cu based metallization on industrial scale indicate a potential major role of Ni-Cu based contacts in near future.

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10

Petruzzelli, Raffaella, and Roman S. Polishchuk. "Activity and Trafficking of Copper-Transporting ATPases in Tumor Development and Defense against Platinum-Based Drugs." Cells 8, no. 9 (September 13, 2019): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8091080.

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Membrane trafficking pathways emanating from the Golgi regulate a wide range of cellular processes. One of these is the maintenance of copper (Cu) homeostasis operated by the Golgi-localized Cu-transporting ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B. At the Golgi, these proteins supply Cu to newly synthesized enzymes which use this metal as a cofactor to catalyze a number of vitally important biochemical reactions. However, in response to elevated Cu, the Golgi exports ATP7A/B to post-Golgi sites where they promote sequestration and efflux of excess Cu to limit its potential toxicity. Growing tumors actively consume Cu and employ ATP7A/B to regulate the availability of this metal for oncogenic enzymes such as LOX and LOX-like proteins, which confer higher invasiveness to malignant cells. Furthermore, ATP7A/B activity and trafficking allow tumor cells to detoxify platinum (Pt)-based drugs (like cisplatin), which are used for the chemotherapy of different solid tumors. Despite these noted activities of ATP7A/B that favor oncogenic processes, the mechanisms that regulate the expression and trafficking of Cu ATPases in malignant cells are far from being completely understood. This review summarizes current data on the role of ATP7A/B in the regulation of Cu and Pt metabolism in malignant cells and outlines questions and challenges that should be addressed to understand how ATP7A and ATP7B trafficking mechanisms might be targeted to counteract tumor development.

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11

Brugnati, Michele, Stefano Caramori, Silvia Cazzanti, Luca Marchini, Roberto Argazzi, and Carlo A. Bignozzi. "Electron Transfer Mediators for Photoelectrochemical Cells Based on Cu(I) Metal Complexes." International Journal of Photoenergy 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/80756.

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The preparation and the photoelectrochemical characterization of a series of bipyridine and pyridyl-quinoline Cu(I) complexes, used as electron transfer mediators in regenerative photoelectrochemical cells, are reported. The best performing mediators produced maximum IPCEs of the order of 35–40%. The J-V curves recorded under monochromatic light showed that the selected Cu(I)/(II) couples generated higher Vocs and fill factors compared to an equivalentI-/I3-cell, due to a decreased dark current.

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12

Guillemoles, Jean-François, Leeor Kronik, David Cahen, Uwe Rau, Axel Jasenek, and Hans-Werner Schock. "Stability Issues of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Based Solar Cells." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 104, no. 20 (May 2000): 4849–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp993143k.

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13

Geyl, Kirill K., Sergey V. Baykov, Stanislav A. Kalinin, Alexandr S. Bunev, Marina A. Troshina, Tatiana V. Sharonova, Mikhail Yu Skripkin, et al. "Synthesis, Structure, and Antiproliferative Action of 2-Pyridyl Urea-Based Cu(II) Complexes." Biomedicines 10, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020461.

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Relying on a recently suggested protocol that furnishes convenient access to variously substituted 2-pyridyl ureas, twelve hitherto unknown Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized in the present work and their structures were evaluated by elemental analysis, HRMS, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction study. Two structural motifs ([Cu(L)2Cl]+[Cl]− or (Cu(L)2Cl2) depending on the substitution pattern on the 2-pyridine fragment were revealed. In addition, antiproliferative action of the obtained compounds have been investigated against lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H460, NCI-H1975), and healthy WI-26 VA4 cells were used to monitor non-specific cytotoxicity. Two nitro-group substituted complexes Cu(U3)2Cl2 (IC50 = 39.6 ± 4.5 μM) and Cu(U11)2Cl2 (IC50 = 33.4 ± 3.8 μM) demonstrate enhanced activity against the drug resistant NCI-H1975 cells with moderate selectivity toward normal WI-26 VA4 cells. The antiproliferative mechanism of cell death underlying the growth inhibitory effect of the synthesized complexes was studied via additional experiments, including the cell cycle analysis and the apoptosis induction test. Reassuringly, certain 2-pyridyl urea-based Cu(II) complexes exerted cell line-specific antiproliferative effect which renders them valuable starting points for further unveiling the anticancer potential of this class of coordination compounds.

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14

Okumura, Riku, Takeo Oku, Atsushi Suzuki, Masanobu Okita, Sakiko Fukunishi, Tomoharu Tachikawa, and Tomoya Hasegawa. "Effects of Adding Alkali Metals and Organic Cations to Cu-Based Perovskite Solar Cells." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031710.

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First-principles electronic band calculations were used to investigate the effects of alkali metals and organic cations added to Cu-based perovskite solar cells. The copper d-orbital band was slightly above the valence-band maximum and functioned as an acceptor level for carrier generation. Excitation from iodine p-orbitals and copper d-orbitals to alkali metal s-orbitals could suppress carrier recombination and promote carrier transport. Experimental solar conversion efficiencies increased after adding both Cu and Na, in agreement with the calculations. Total-energy calculations indicated that the perovskite crystal stability increased with the addition of ethyl ammonium, although the total energy decreased with the addition of Cu and Na.

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15

Kozytskiy, Andriy, Oleksandr Stroyuk, Mykola Skoryk, and Stepan Kuchmiy. "Photoassisted formation of CuxS-based cathodes for CdS-sensitized solar cells with S2−/Sx2− electrolyte." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 14, no. 5 (2015): 942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00314d.

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The sulfidation of copper nanoparticles deposited onto ZnO surface by the photocatalytic reduction of Cu(ii) results in the formation of ZnO/Cu_xS films that can be used as efficient counter electrodes in solar cells based on sulfide/polysulfide electrolytes.

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16

Korzhynbayeva, K. B., S. M. Tazhibayeva, K. B. Musabekov, I. Dekany, M. M. Burkitbaev, A. A. Zhubanova, and A. B. Orazymbetova. "Composite Biosorbents of Metal Ions Based on Yeast Cells and Diatomite." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 15, no. 3 (May 13, 2013): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj227.

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<p>The possibility of removing Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions from solutions by the yeast cells <em>Rhodotorula glutinis</em> and diatomite (natural mineral) was studied. It is shown that at the concentration of CuSO<sub>4</sub> and Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> 10<sup>-3</sup> mol/l the removal of metal ions by yeast cells was 59.1 and 72.4% for the ions of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup>. The yeast cells surface includes amino, hydroxyl, phosphate and carboxyl groups which activates sorption ability, because these groups can bind metal ions by ion exchange, donor acceptor and electrostatic interactions. The removal degree of metal ions by diatomite under the same conditions was for Cu<sup>2+</sup> 91.6% and for Pb<sup>2+</sup> 94.7%. To increase the removal degree of metal ions from solutions, the yeast cells were immobilized on the surface of diatomite. In order to attach the negatively charged cells of microorganisms with negatively charged surface of the mineral, the surface of diatomite was modified by polyethylenimine (PEI). As a result, the immobilization degree of <em>Rhodotorula glutinis</em> to the surface of diatomite at the concentration of PEI 0.02 base-mol/l increased from 62 to 88%, which is explained by the existence of electrostatic contacts between the negatively charged functional groups of the cell surface and amino groups of PEI, that has covered the surface of diatomite by PEI. It is shown that the obtained composite biosorbent removes 97.8% of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions and 99.4% of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions.</p>

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17

Rasal, Akash S., Khalilalrahman Dehvari, Girum Getachew, Chiranjeevi Korupalli, Anil V. Ghule, and Jia-Yaw Chang. "Efficient quantum dot-sensitized solar cells through sulfur-rich carbon nitride modified electrolytes." Nanoscale 13, no. 11 (2021): 5730–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr07963d.

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Polysulfide electrolytes with sulfur-rich graphitic carbon nitride additives are effective in various Cu-based I–III–VI quantum dot-sensitized solar cells, including Cu–In–S and Cu–In–Se, for improving power conversion efficiencies.

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18

Kois, J., M. Ganchev, M. Kaelin, S. Bereznev, E. Tzvetkova, O. Volobujeva, N. Stratieva, and A. N. Tiwari. "Electrodeposition of Cu–In–Ga thin metal films for Cu(In, Ga)Se2 based solar cells." Thin Solid Films 516, no. 18 (July 2008): 5948–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.10.080.

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19

Kobulov, R. R., N. A. Matchanov, O. K. Ataboev, and F. A. Akbarov. "Solar Cells Based on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Layers." Applied Solar Energy 55, no. 2 (March 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x19020063.

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20

Wang, Xiangrui, and Wen-Xiong Wang. "Cu-based nanoparticle toxicity to zebrafish cells regulated by cellular discharges." Environmental Pollution 292 (January 2022): 118296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118296.

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21

Mirhosseini, Hossein, Ramya Kormath Madam Raghupathy, Sudhir K. Sahoo, Hendrik Wiebeler, Manjusha Chugh, and Thomas D. Kühne. "In silico investigation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cells." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 46 (2020): 26682–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp04712k.

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22

Marsillac, S., P. D. Paulson, M. W. Haimbodi, R. W. Birkmire, and W. N. Shafarman. "High-efficiency solar cells based on Cu(InAl)Se2 thin films." Applied Physics Letters 81, no. 7 (August 12, 2002): 1350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1499990.

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23

Broussillou, C., M. Andrieux, M. Herbst-Ghysel, M. Jeandin, J. S. Jaime-Ferrer, S. Bodnar, and E. Morin. "Sulfurization of Cu–In electrodeposited precursors for CuInS2-based solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 (May 2011): S13—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.01.037.

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24

Shao, Fang, Jing Sun, Lian Gao, Jianqiang Luo, Yangqiao Liu, and Songwang Yang. "High Efficiency Semiconductor-Liquid Junction Solar Cells based on Cu/Cu2O." Advanced Functional Materials 22, no. 18 (June 4, 2012): 3907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201200365.

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25

Lepetit, Thomas, Ludovic Arzel, and Nicolas Barreau. "Impact of maximum copper content during the 3-stage process on CdS thickness tolerance in Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cell." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1044.

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ABSTRACTThe tolerance of photovoltaic performances of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based (CIGSe) solar cells prepared from 3-stage grown absorbers to cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer thickness was investigated. We focus on the influence of the maximum Cu content y = [Cu]/([In]+[Ga]) reached during the co-evaporation process on this tolerance. By increasing the duration of the 2nd stage we varied ymax from 0.93±0.11 up to 1.06±0.12. Although final Cu content and CIGSe surface morphology seem to be similar for all absorbers, the photovoltaic performance of cells with higher maximum Cu content are better; moreover they tolerate much thinner CdS buffers (down to 10 nm-thick) without open circuit voltage or fill factor loss. Cells with lower ymax exhibit more erratic performance and J(V,T) measurements show a specific voltage distribution for thin CdS. From these results it appears possible to decrease the CdS buffer layer thickness if it is deposited on adapted absorbers.

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26

Shoshan, Michal S., Yonat Lehman, Wojciech Goch, Wojciech Bal, Edit Y. Tshuva, and Norman Metanis. "Selenocysteine containing analogues of Atx1-based peptides protect cells from copper ion toxicity." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 29 (2016): 6979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob00849f.

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27

Okumura, Riku, Takeo Oku, Atsushi Suzuki, Sakiko Fukunishi, Tomoharu Tachikawa, and Tomoya Hasegawa. "First-principles calculation analysis and photovoltaic properties of Cu compound-added perovskite solar cells." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 62, SK (May 4, 2023): SK1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/accaef.

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Abstract Experiments and first-principles calculations were performed to investigate the effects of Cu substitution in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite crystals. The first-principles calculations indicated that the energy level of the Cu d orbital formed above the VB maximum would be an acceptor or defect level. The effect of Cu addition on device properties was investigated, and the device with added 2% Cu provided higher efficiencies than the standard device. On the other hand, the decrease in short-circuit current density with increasing Cu content would be attributed to the defect level of the Cu d orbitals. First-principles calculations and experimental results provided insight into the function of Cu in CH3NH3-based perovskite crystals.

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28

Musztyfaga-Staszuk, Małgorzata, Łukasz Major, Grzegorz Putynkowski, Anna Sypień, Katarzyna Gawlińska, Piotr Panek, and Paweł Zięba. "New kind of Cu based paste for Si solar cells front contact formation." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2018-0068.

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AbstractPotential impact of copper replacing silver in the paste used for the front electrode fabrication in crystalline silicon solar cells was investigated. The copper was applied as a new CuXX component with about 2 wt.% to 6 wt.% share of XX modifier. The generated CuXX molecules were analyzed using transmission microscopy. Based on the commercial Du Pont PV19B paste, CuXX and XX materials, the new PV19B/CuXX paste with 51 wt.% share of Cu and the PV19B/XX paste with 51 wt.% share of XX only were developed. Comparative studies of the effect of the commercial PV19B paste made by DuPont Company, and the pastes with the CuXX component and with the modifier XX alone on the electrical parameters of solar cells produced on crystalline silicon were carried out. The solar cells were characterized by the current-voltage technique. As a final result, the Cz-Si solar cell with the 51 wt.% share of Cu in the front electrode having a series resistance of 0.551 Ω·cm2, an efficiency of 14.08 % and, what is more important, the fill factor of 0.716, was obtained. It is the best result ever obtained concerning direct Cu application for solar cells fabricated in thick-film technology.

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29

Torawane, Pritam, Karunesh Keshav, Mukesh K. Kumawat, Rohit Srivastava, Thangaraj Anand, Suban Sahoo, Amulrao Borse, and Anil Kuwar. "A novel terephthalaldehyde based turn-on fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+ and its application in imaging of living cells." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 16, no. 9 (2017): 1464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00182g.

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A new terephthaldehyde-based chemosensor 1 was synthesized which exhibits highly selective and sensitive fluorescence turn-on sensor for Cu²⁺ and successfully applied to the determination of Cu²⁺ in L929 cells.

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30

Chani, Muhammad Tariq Saeed, Khasan S. Karimov, Sher Bahadar Khan, and Abdullah M. Asiri. "Fabrication and Investigation of Flexible Photo-Thermo Electrochemical Cells based on Cu/orange dye aqueous solution/Cu." International Journal of Electrochemical Science 10, no. 7 (July 2015): 5694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1452-3981(23)17287-7.

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31

Lakhotiya, Govinda, Namdeo Belsare, Sudhir Arbuj, Bharat Kale, and Abhimanyu Rana. "Enhanced performance of PTB7-Th:PCBM based active layers in ternary organic solar cells." RSC Advances 9, no. 13 (2019): 7457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08919a.

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32

Salhi, Billel. "The Photovoltaic Cell Based on CIGS: Principles and Technologies." Materials 15, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051908.

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Semiconductors used in the manufacture of solar cells are the subject of extensive research. Currently, silicon is the most commonly used material for photovoltaic cells, representing more than 80% of the global production. However, due to its very energy-intensive and costly production method, other materials appear to be preferable over silicon, including the chalcopyrite-structured semiconductors of the CIS-based family (Cu(In, Ga, Al) (Se, S)2). Indeed, these compounds have bandwidths between 1 eV (CuInSe2) and 3 eV (CuAlS2), allowing them to absorb most solar radiation. Moreover, these materials are currently the ones that make it possible to achieve the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiencies from thin-film devices, particularly Cu(In, Ga)Se2, which is considered the most efficient among all drifts based on CIS. In this review, we focus on the CIGS-based solar cells by exploring the different layers and showing the recent progress and challenges.

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33

Yu, Haili, Busheng Zhang, Ruijuan Qi, Nannan Qu, Chaoliang Zhao, Yan Lei, Xiaogang Yang, and Zhi Zheng. "Gradient formation and charge carrier dynamics of CuBiI4 based perovskite-like solar cells." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 6 (2020): 2800–2807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se01288e.

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34

Xu, Tingting, Junjie Huang, Min Fang, Mingshuai Sui, Yujing Zhu, Yupeng Shentu, Cun Li, and Weiju Zhu. "A novel “turn-on” fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for the tracking of lysosomal Cu2+ in living cells." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 48 (2020): 21167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj04416d.

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The lysosome-targeted probe CuNI exhibits highly effective fluorescence detection ability for Cu²⁺ in aqueous solution and cells. The fluorescent enhancement is due to the Cu²⁺-catalyzed hydrolysis of CuNI and the AIE effect of the hydrolysate MFNI.

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35

Cirillo, Claudia, Domenico Spina, Lucia V. Mercaldo, Paola Delli Veneri, and Maria Sarno. "Cold Wall CVD Graphene-Based Transparent Electrode for Solar Cells." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.310.

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In this paper, we report on synthesis of graphene film on Cu foil by cold wall CVD and successfully transferred to a photovoltaic cell. The obtained sample was covered with an ultra-thin layer of Ni, of about 4 nm, using a sputtering technique. The optical and electrical properties of graphene/Ni-based films showed superior performance (transmittance =65%, sheet resistance=250 Ω/sq; EQE=40%) compared to films made of ITO/nickel, described in literature, of greater thickness.

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Wang, Dan, Jian-Quan Zheng, Xi Yan, Xiang-Jun Zheng, and Lin-Pei Jin. "Cu(ii) complex-based fluorescence chemosensor for cyanide in aqueous media." RSC Advances 5, no. 79 (2015): 64756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09511e.

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Adhikari, Sangita, Animesh Sahana, Babli Kumari, Durba Ganguly, Saurabh Das, Prajna Paramita Banerjee, Gautam Banerjee, et al. "Molecular diversity in several pyridyl based Cu(ii) complexes: biophysical interaction and redox triggered fluorescence switch." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 12 (2016): 10378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj02381a.

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A novel approach for detection of intra-cellular Cu⁺inE. coliand human blood cells is reported. Studies on several pyridyl based Cu(ii) complexes and interaction of ct DNA with one of them are carried out for plausible application in biology concerning disruption of normal DNA activity.

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Xing, Chengcheng, Yan Lei, Manying Liu, Sixin Wu, Weiwei He, and Zhi Zheng. "Environment-friendly Cu-based thin film solar cells: materials, devices and charge carrier dynamics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 31 (2021): 16469–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02067f.

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Zhang, Beibei, Fengyun Qin, Huawei Niu, Yao Liu, Di Zhang, and Yong Ye. "A highly sensitive and fast responsive naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe for Cu2+ and its application." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 23 (2017): 14683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj02813j.

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The response of the probe L to Cu²⁺ is reversible and very fast (20 s). L has a low detection limit of 49 nM and was used for imaging of Cu²⁺ in MCF-7 cells with satisfying results. The sensor L can be analyzed with a molecular logic gate.

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Gouillart, Louis, Stephane Collin, Wei-Chao Chen, Andrea Cattoni, Julie Goffard, Lars Riekehr, Jan Keller, Marie Jubault, Negar Naghavi, and Marika Edoff. "Reflective Back Contacts for Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Based Solar Cells." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2019.2945196.

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Álvarez-Garcı́a, J., B. Barcones, A. Romano-Rodrı́guez, L. Calvo-Barrio, A. Pérez-Rodrı́guez, J. R. Morante, R. Scheer, and R. Klenk. "Sulfurization of Cu/In Precursors for CuInS[sub 2]-Based Solar Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 150, no. 7 (2003): G400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1576771.

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42

Liu, Jiang, Da-ming Zhuang, Ming-jie Cao, Xiao-long Li, Min Xie, and Da-wei Xu. "Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cells prepared from Se-containing precursors." Vacuum 102 (April 2014): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2013.10.007.

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Bhattacharya, Raghu N. "CIGS-based solar cells prepared from electrodeposited stacked Cu/In/Ga layers." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 113 (June 2013): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2013.01.028.

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Lal, Sweta, Melepurath Deepa, Vinod M. Janardhanan, and Kirti Chandra Sahu. "Paper based hydrazine monohydrate fuel cells with Cu and C composite catalysts." Electrochimica Acta 232 (April 2017): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.118.

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Guillemoles, Jean-François, Uwe Rau, Leeor Kronik, Hans-Werner Schock, and David Cahen. "Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells: Device Stability Based on Chemical Flexibility." Advanced Materials 11, no. 11 (August 1999): 957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199908)11:11<957::aid-adma957>3.0.co;2-1.

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Fresta, Elisa, Michael D. Weber, Julio Fernandez‐Cestau, and Rubén D. Costa. "White Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Deep‐Red Cu(I) Complexes." Advanced Optical Materials 7, no. 23 (September 16, 2019): 1900830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900830.

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47

Guillemoles, Jean-Francois, Leeor Kronik, David Cahen, Uwe Rau, Axel Jasenek, and Hans-Werner Schock. "ChemInform Abstract: Stability Issues of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Based Solar Cells." ChemInform 31, no. 30 (June 7, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200030250.

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Du, Zhaonan, Huimin Xiang, Amin Xie, Ran Ran, Wei Zhou, Wei Wang, and Zongping Shao. "Monovalent Copper Cation Doping Enables High-Performance CsPbIBr2-Based All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 4317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234317.

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Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have delivered the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.7% currently, but they are unfortunately limited by several key issues, such as inferior humid and thermal stability, significantly retarding their widespread application. To tackle the instability issue, all-inorganic PSCs have attracted increasing interest due to superior structural, humid and high-temperature stability to their organic–inorganic counterparts. Nevertheless, all-inorganic PSCs with typical CsPbIBr2 perovskite as light absorbers suffer from much inferior PCEs to those of organic–inorganic PSCs. Functional doping is regarded as a simple and useful strategy to improve the PCEs of CsPbIBr2-based all-inorganic PSCs. Herein, we report a monovalent copper cation (Cu+)-doping strategy to boost the performance of CsPbIBr2-based PSCs by increasing the grain sizes and improving the CsPbIBr2 film quality, reducing the defect density, inhibiting the carrier recombination and constructing proper energy level alignment. Consequently, the device with optimized Cu+-doping concentration generates a much better PCE of 9.11% than the pristine cell (7.24%). Moreover, the Cu+ doping also remarkably enhances the humid and thermal durability of CsPbIBr2-based PSCs with suppressed hysteresis. The current study provides a simple and useful strategy to enhance the PCE and the durability of CsPbIBr2-based PSCs, which can promote the practical application of perovskite photovoltaics.

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Borzova, E. Yu. "NEW ASPECTS OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC URTICARIA." Russian Journal of Allergy 9, no. 5 (December 15, 2012): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja671.

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Chronic urticaria (CU) is characterized by a marked impact on quality of life, a considerable prevalence and an economic burden of direct and indirect healthcare costs. Despite advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, patients with CU mainly receive empiric treatment and there is no monitoring of the underlying inflammation in CU. The main aspects in the research into the pathophysiology of CU include genetic mechanisms, the role of functional autoantibodies, the characteristics of target cells and effector cells in the inflammation in CU, the regulation of the inflammation and the role of various mediators, acute phase proteins and hormones in the pathophysiology of CU. Research into the pathophysiological pathways of CU may lead to the definition of pathophysiological phenotypes of CU, the development of biomarkers of the underlying inflammation in CU and pathogenesis-based therapy for certain groups of CU patients.

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Lazić, Minja Miličić, Marko Lazić, Jelena Milašin, Danica Popović, Peter Majerič, and Rebeka Rudolf. "In Vitro Evaluation of the Potential Anticancer Properties of Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloys." Materials 16, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072851.

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Due to the unique functional properties of shape memory alloys (SMAs) and current scientific interest in Cu-containing biomaterials, a continuously cast Cu-Al-Ni alloy in the form of rods has been investigated as a potential candidate for biomedical application. Additionally, the fact that Cu- complexes have an antitumour effect served as a cornerstone to develop more efficient drugs based on trace element complexes. In line with that, our study aimed to analyse the basic properties of the Cu-Al-Ni alloy, along with its anticancer properties. The detailed chemical analysis of the Cu-Al-Ni alloy was performed using XRF and SEM/EDX analyses. Furthermore, a microstructural and structure investigation was carried out, combined with hardness measurements using the static Vickers method. Observations have shown that the Cu-Al-Ni microstructure is homogeneous, with the presence of typical martensitic laths. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of two phases, β′ (monoclinic) and γ′ (orthorhombic). The viability of osteosarcoma cells in contact with the Cu-Al-Ni alloy was evaluated using epifluorescence microscopy, while their morphology and attachment pattern were observed and analysed using a high-resolution SEM microscope. Biocompatibility testing showed that the Cu-Al-Ni alloy exerted a considerable antineoplastic effect.

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