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Journal articles on the topic 'Cu 2p'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

GE, JIU-YUAN, YUN-SONG ZHOU, LI-YUAN ZHONG, and HUAI-YU WANG. "EFFECT OF THE LOCAL SUBSTITUTION OF Co FOR Cu(1) ON THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF YBa2Cu3O7." Modern Physics Letters B 07, no. 07 (March 20, 1993): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984993000473.

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The electronic density of states (DOS) of both pure and Co-substituted YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 has been calculated by a recursion method. The results show that the total DOS at the Fermi level of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 mainly comes from the contributions of the O 2p and Cu 3d orbitals. After Co doping, the O 2p–Cu 3d bonds are destroyed while the O 2p–Co 3d bonds are formed at lower energies, and the total DOS at the Fermi level decreases strikingly. In addition, our results reveal that the CuO chain has a one-dimensional feature.

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2

Mizokawa, T., T. Konishi, A. Fujimori, Z. Hiroi, M. Takano, and Y. Takeda. "Cu 2p X-ray absorption and Cu 2p–3d resonant photoemission spectroscopy of LaCuO3." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 92, no. 1-3 (May 1998): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2048(98)00108-x.

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3

Ashok, J., Y. Kathiraser, M. L. Ang, and S. Kawi. "Ni and/or Ni–Cu alloys supported over SiO2catalysts synthesized via phyllosilicate structures for steam reforming of biomass tar reaction." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 9 (2015): 4398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00650c.

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In this paper, we describe the synthesis of Ni/SiO₂and Ni–Cu/SiO₂catalysts derived from phyllosilicate structures (Ni/SiO_2Pand Ni–Cu/SiO_2P, respectively) for steam reforming of biomass tar reaction.

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4

Buckley, Alan N., William M. Skinner, Sarah L. Harmer, Allan Pring, Robert N. Lamb, Liang-Jen Fan, and Yaw-wen Yang. "Examination of the proposition that Cu(II) can be required for charge neutrality in a sulfide lattice — Cu in tetrahedrites and sphalerite." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 767–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-078.

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Synchrotron XPS and Cu L2,3-edge NEXAFS spectroscopic data for a natural tetrahedrite surface prepared by fracture under UHV were in accord with the composition of the mineral and its expected semiconductivity. The 2p binding energy for the 6-coordinate S atoms was found to be not detectably greater than that for the 4-coordinate S atoms, and surface species were not clearly discernible in either surface-optimized S 2p or Cu 2p spectra. The Cu 2p and Cu L2,3-edge spectra indicated that all Cu in the mineral was indisputably Cu(I). The Cu L2,3-edge spectra of relatively pure natural sphalerite treated with mildly acidic aqueous cupric solution revealed the presence of Cu(II) in the outermost layer of the fracture surfaces, but it was concluded that most of the Cu near the surface of the mineral was in formal oxidation state Cu(I), albeit with higher than normal d9 character. The Cu(I) absorption peak was at an energy much lower than for the tetrahedrite absorption edge, but still consistent with Cu(I) in 4-fold coordination by S. The Cu(II) was consistent with Cu bonded both to S atoms in the outermost layer of the sphalerite and to O atoms in chemisorbed water. S 2p spectra determined at different photon energies revealed high binding energy components arising from oligosulfide-like environments in the outermost layers, but not necessarily in a completely restructured lattice and not in a Cu oligosulfide only. The data indicated some loss of Zn in addition to the Zn that had been replaced by Cu in the outermost layers of the sulfide lattice. The presence of these oligosulfide-like environments precluded the detection of S with formal oxidation state greater than (-II) that might have arisen only from Cu(I) in the S lattice. No evidence was obtained for the presence of Cu(II) in a sulfide lattice, but it was not possible to exclude the possibility of a very low concentration because of the presence of the Cu(II) bonded to both S and O at the surface of the treated sphalerite.Key words: tetrahedrite, sphalerite, copper uptake, XPS, NEXAFS.

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5

PAN, LIKUN, HAIBO LI, ZHUO SUN, and CHANGQING SUN. "SURFACE METALIZATION ON THE PHOTO-EMISSION, PHOTO-ABSORPTION AND CORE-LEVEL SHIFT OF NANOSOLID SILICON." Surface Review and Letters 16, no. 02 (April 2009): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x09012573.

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Cu , Al , and Ti films of ~ 10 nm thickness were deposited on porous silicon (PS) at room temperature using Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc system and annealed at 800°C for 10 min in vacuum. The PS layers were obtained by anodization of Si wafer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), photo-absorption (PA), and X-ray diffraction studies revealed that before annealing just Cu -deposited sample exhibited PL blueshift, PA redshift, and Si -2p level shift due to the Cu diffusion at the surface of PS. While after annealing, Cu - and Ti -deposited samples exhibited obvious PA redshift and Si -2p level shift, which arise from the crystal field variation due to the formation of Cu / Ti silicides at the surface as well as the conduction electronic transportation.

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6

Wang, Xiao-Tong, Xiao-Hui Huang, Hong-Wei Song, Yue Ma, Li-Cun Li, and Jean-Pascal Sutter. "Cyclic [Cu-biRadical]2 Secondary Building Unit in 2p-3d and 2p-3d-4f Complexes: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties." Molecules 28, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062514.

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Employing the new nitronyl nitroxide biradical ligand biNIT-3Py-5-Ph (2-(5-phenyl-3-pyridyl)-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide)), a 16-spin Cu-radical complex, [Cu8(biNIT-3Py-5-Ph)4(hfac)16] 1, and three 2p-3d-4f chain complexes, {[Ln(hfac)3][Cu(hfac)2]2(biNIT-3Py-5-Ph)2}n (LnⅢ= Gd 2, Tb 3, Dy 4; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate), have been prepared and characterized. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed in all derivatives a common cyclic [Cu-biNIT]2 secondary building unit in which two bi-NIT-3Py-5-Ph biradical ligands and two CuII ions are associated via the pyridine N atoms and NO units. For complex 1, two such units assemble with four additional CuII ions to form a discrete complex involving 16 S = 1/2 spin centers. For complexes 2–4, the [Cu-biNIT]2 units are linked by LnIII ions via NO groups in a 1D coordination polymer. Magnetic studies show that the coordination of the aminoxyl groups with Cu or Ln ions results in behaviors combining ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. No slow magnetic relaxation behavior was observed for Tb and Dy derivatives.

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7

Iqbal, Z., E. Leone, R. Chin, A. J. Signorelli, A. Bose, and H. Eckhardt. "X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of the 90 K superconductor Ba2YCu3O7−δ." Journal of Materials Research 2, no. 6 (December 1987): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0768.

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The x-ray photoemission spectroscopie (XPS) data from different pelletized samples of the 90 K superconductor Ba2YCu3O7−δ (where δ∼0.2) have been obtained. The valence band spectrum (recorded at 300 and 170 K), which is composed of contributions from both the Cu 3d and O 2p levels, is compared with the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) calculated electronic density-of-states (DOS) reported by Massidda et al. and Mattheiss and Hamann. The experimental data indicate a relatively low DOS at the Fermi level. Detailed measurements of the core level Cu 2p, O 1s, Ba 3d, 4d, and Y 3d spectra of the superconducting and related standard materials, are presented. Data for the superconducting material were recorded in the freshly prepared form as well as after scraping in situ. The Cu 2p core level, satellite, and Auger spectra for the various samples were carefully examined in order to assess the possibility of the presence of Cu3+ ions in Ba2YCu3O7-δ. It is observed that surface reaction in air to form carbonates and hydroxides occurs readily in the superconducting material.

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8

Seino, Yasuhiro, Kozo Okada, and Akio Kotani. "Hole Distribution in YBaCuO System from the Analysis of Cu 2p-XPS, Cu 2p-XAS and O 1s-XAS." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 59, no. 4 (April 15, 1990): 1384–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.59.1384.

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9

Okada, Kozo, Yasuhiro Seino, and Akio Kotani. "Role of Cu 4sBand in Cu 2p-XPS of Nd2-xCexCuO4." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 59, no. 8 (August 15, 1990): 2639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.59.2639.

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10

Roy, Avishek, Arun Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Sadhan Chandra Das, Gourab Bhattacharjee, Abhijit Majumdar, and Rainer Hippler. "Surface Stoichiometry and Optical Properties of Cux–TiyCz Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering." Coatings 9, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090551.

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Ternary carbide in metal matrix composites constitute a big challenge in the industry, and in this regard their surface treatment is one of the most important issues. Ternary carbide (CuxTiyCz, where x, y and z are integers) thin films are synthesized by magnetron sputtering and characterized with respect to the film depth. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Cu-2p and Ti-2p peaks shows the associated shake-up satellite peaks at a smaller film depth; the peak intensity is reduced at a higher depth. The relative intensity of Cu and Ti increases at a larger film depth. The optical band gap varies from 1.83 to 2.20 eV at different film depths.

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11

Fujinami, Masanori, Hiroki Hamada, Yoshihiro Hashiguchi, and Takashi Ohtsubo. "Relation between Cu L X-Ray and Cu 2p Photoelectron in YBa2Cu3Ox." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 28, Part 2, No. 11 (November 20, 1989): L1959—L1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.28.l1959.

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12

Okada, Kozo, and Akio Kotani. "Multiplet Structures of Cu 2p-XPS in La2CuO4, CuO and Cu Halides." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 58, no. 7 (July 15, 1989): 2578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.58.2578.

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13

Shen, Dekang, Lizhi Zhu, and Liangzhong Zhao. "Synthesis and Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Spin Labeled Metal Complexes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-0515.

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(4)Two new spin labeled metal complexes; cobalt(II) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidyl p-salicylaldiminobenzoate) (3), copper(II) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidyl-p-salicylaldiminobenzoate) were prepared. The synthesis of amino derivatives of nitroxide compounds were improved by a simplified synthetic route. The XPS spectra of 3 and 4 were determined. The observed N Is, Cu 2p and Co 2p spectra of spin labeled metal complex are discussed.

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14

Yue, Wang, and Zhu Jingsheng. "Cu 2p core level spectra in Bi system superconductors." Physica C: Superconductivity 258, no. 1-2 (February 1996): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(95)00760-1.

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15

Seino, Yasuhiro, Haruhiko Ogasawara, Akio Kotani, B. T. Thole, and G. VAN DER Laan. "Calculation of Cu 2p Resonant Photoemission Spectra in CuO." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 61, no. 6 (June 1992): 1859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.61.1859.

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16

Ronay, Maria, A. Santoni, A. G. Schrott, L. J. Terminello, S. P. Kowalczyk, and F. J. Himpsel. "A new correlation for Tc from Cu 2p absorption." Solid State Communications 77, no. 9 (March 1991): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(91)90772-n.

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17

Pauly, N., S. Tougaard, and F. Yubero. "Determination of the Cu 2p primary excitation spectra for Cu, Cu2O and CuO." Surface Science 620 (February 2014): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2013.10.009.

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18

Yano, Tetsuji, Makoto Ebizuka, Shuichi Shibata, and Masayuki Yamane. "Anomalous chemical shifts of Cu 2p and Cu LMM Auger spectra of silicate glasses." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 131-132 (October 2003): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2048(03)00126-9.

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19

Iacobucci, Stefano, Mauro Montagnoli, Massimo Sancrotti, Giorgio Rossi, and Maurizio Sacchi. "Absorption spectroscopy at the Cu-2p edges in Cu/Si(111)7 × 7 interface." Solid State Communications 91, no. 12 (September 1994): 989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(94)90439-1.

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20

Popov, A. M., N. I. Sushkov, S. M. Zaytsev, and T. A. Labutin. "The effect of hyperfine splitting on Stark broadening for three blue-green Cu i lines in laser-induced plasma." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488, no. 4 (July 10, 2019): 5594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1874.

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ABSTRACT Stark effect is observed in many natural and artificial plasmas and is of great importance for diagnostic purposes. Since this effect alters profiles of spectral lines, it should be taken into account when assessing chemical composition of radiation sources, including stars. Copper is one of the elements which studies of stellar atmospheres deal with. To this end, UV and visible Cu lines are used. However, there is a lack of agreement between existing data on their Stark parameters. It is therefore of interest to obtain new experimental data on these lines and to compare them to previous results. In this work, we have estimated Stark widths and shifts for three blue-green lines at 5105.54, 5153.24, and 5218.20 Å (corresponding transitions are [3d104p] 2P° → [3d94s2] 2D and [3d104d] 2D → [3d104p] 2P°) observed in a ‘long-spark’ laser-induced plasma. For the first time, we have accurately estimated an impact of hyperfine splitting on the profile shapes of the studied lines taking also into account the isotope shifts. We have shown that both effects considerably influence shift and width of Cu i line at 5105.54 Å, and shifts of Cu i lines at 5153.24 and 5218.20 Å.

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21

M., JÖRGER, TSITSISHVILI E., FLECK T., and KLINGSHIRN C. "1s TO 2p TRANSITIONS OF EXCITONS IN Cu 2 O." Nonlinear Optics 29, no. 7-9 (January 1, 2002): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1058726021000076311.

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22

Zalla, Riccardo, Stefano Iacobucci, Maurizio De Santis, and Massimo Sancrotti. "Cu 2p X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the metastable interface." Surface Science 377-379 (April 1997): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(96)01385-4.

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23

Wang, Xue Yan, Jian Bang Zheng, Xiao Jiang Li, and Chong De Cao. "Intrinsic Electronic Structures and Optical Anisotropy of α- and β-Phase Copper Phthalocyanine Molecular Crystals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.133.

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Electronic structures and optical anisotropy of α- and β-phase copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) molecular crystals have been systemically investigated by first-principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). Both crystals were shown to be small gap organic semiconductors with relatively flat and dispersionless bands. The α-CuPc was a direct band gap semiconductor, whereas the β-CuPc was an indirect band gap semiconductor. The analysis of Partial Density of States (PDOS) showed that the top of valance band was mainly contributed by N 2p and C 2p states; the bottom of the conduction band was mainly contributed by N 2p, C 2p and Cu 3d states. The interband optical properties, such as the complex dielectric function, absorption coefficient and complex refractive index, showed a high degree of anisotropy that can be traced to the unique structures of these molecular crystals. The calculated dielectric function for α-CuPc in the low energy region was consistent with the experiment results proposed in the literature. These calculations provided particular interpretations on electronic structure and optical properties of α- and β-CuPc organic semiconductors that were critical to optoelectronics, which would promote the applications of these materials in semiconductor optoelectronic devices.

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24

Zhidkov, I. S., A. A. Belik, A. I. Kukharenko, S. O. Cholakh, L. S. Taran, A. Fujimori, S. V. Streltsov, and E. Z. Kurmaev. "Cu-Site Disorder in CuAl2O4 as Studied by XPS Spectroscopy." JETP Letters 114, no. 9 (October 22, 2021): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364021210062.

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The results of full study of X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of spin-liquid candidate CuAl2O4 including the measurements of high-energy resolved core level (Cu $$2p$$, Al $$3p$$, O $$1s$$), Cu LMM Auger and valence band spectra are presented. The comparison of obtained results with spectra of reference samples and specially performed density functional theory calculations has confirmed a finite Cu site-disorder in CuAl2O4, where about 30% of Cu2+ ions occupy the octahedral sites. Obtained valence band spectra can be used in further theoretical studies aimed on the investigation of electronic and magnetic properties of this mysterious ma-terial.

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25

PETROFF, Y., P. THIRY, G. ROSSI, A. REVCOLEVSCHI, and J. JEGOUDEZ. "OBSERVATION OF STRONG ELECTRON CORRELATIONS IN YBa2Cu3O7−δ BY hν DEPENDENT PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 01, no. 03n04 (August 1987): 831–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979287001195.

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After a review of the understanding of resonant photoemission phenomena we present photoemission spectra from single phase YBa2Cu3O7−δ which have been measured in the photon energy range 17–130 eV, at T=80 K, T=300 K and intermediate temperatures using synchrotron radiation. Intense satellites associated with the Cu 3d and O 2p bands are observed to undergo resonances at the Cu 3p and O 2s core level excitation thresholds respectively indicating the presence of holes in the Cu and O hybrid bands on both Cu and O sites. The strong correlation effects for the valence electrons suggest that one electron calculations may not be appropriate for a detailed description of the electronic properties of this material.

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26

Alshammari, Majed, Sultan Alhassan, Khulaif Alshammari, Turki Alotaibi, Taha Abdel Mohaymen Taha, Alhulw H. Alshammari, and Ali Ismael. "Synthesis of CaCO3/Cu2O/GO Nanocomposite Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from NaBH4 Methanolysis." Catalysts 13, no. 6 (June 16, 2023): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13061010.

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The synthesis of CaCO3/Cu2O/GO nanocomposites was developed by sol-gel auto-combustion method. The analysis of structure was completed on X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The XRD spectra of the nanocomposites matched the crystal structure of CaCO3/Cu2O. The average crystal size was 20 nm for Cu2O and 25 nm for CaCO3 nanoparticles. FTIR data showed the absorption bands of Cu2O and GO. Raman spectroscopy data confirmed the formation of GO sheets. ESEM micrographs displayed spherical nanoparticles dispersed in GO sheets. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the peaks of Cu 2p, O 1s, C 1s, Cu 3s, and Ca 2p. The spectra of optical absorption revealed an absorption band of around 450 nm. The calcium content increase led to a decrease in the optical energy gap from 2.14 to 1.5 eV. The production of hydrogen from NaBH4 across the methanolysis reaction was accelerated by the CaCO3/Cu2O/GO nanocomposites. Therefore, these nanocomposites are superior in catalytic hydrogen production systems.

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27

SHI, LI-BIN, CUI-YAN XU, and HONG-KUAN YUAN. "A STUDY ON MAGNETIC PROPERTIES IN Cu-DOPED ZnO BY THE FIRST PRINCIPLES." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 31 (December 20, 2010): 2971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910025322.

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Using the first principle method based on density function theory (DFT), we study the electronic and ferromagnetic stability in Cu -doped ZnO . The calculated results based on the local density approximation (LDA) showed that the ferromagnetism (FM) coupling between Cu atoms is more energetically favorable for eight geometrically distinct configurations. In this paper, we also analyze the ferromagnetic properties of Cu -doped ZnO within LDA + U scheme. The dominant ferromagnetic interaction is due to the hybridization between O 2p and Cu 3d. We investigate the effects of oxygen vacancies and nitrogen impurities on FM properties of Cu -doped ZnO . It is obvious that oxygen vacancies and nitrogen impurities are unfavorable in stabilizing the FM of Cu -doped ZnO . In addition, the origin of the FM state of Cu -doped ZnO has also been discussed by analyzing the coupling of Cu 3d levels. Also in this paper, we analyze the strain effect on the FM properties of Cu -doped ZnO .

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28

Kim, Hyung Joon, and Sunghyun Yoon. "Structural, magnetic, and Mössbauer spectroscopic study of La³⁺ and Cu¹⁺ co-doped M-type strontium hexaferrite." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000299.

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Effects of La3+ and Cu1+ co-doping on the structural and the magnetic properties of M-type strontium hexaferrite have been studied by using crystallographic and magnetic measurements. Stoichiometric samples have been prepared by a conventional ceramic technique with repeated sintering at 1300 °C for 24 hours in the air. XPS Cu 2p scan shows that dominant valence state of Cu is +1. Analyses of the hysteresis curve reveals that MS increases and HC decreases with La-Cu content x. Room temperature Mössbauer spectral analysis indicates that Cu1+ preferentially replaces Fe3+ at 4 f2 site, which is consistent with the increase of MS with respect to the La3+-Cu1+ co-doping.

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29

Balzarotti, A., M. De Crescenzi, N. Motta, F. Patella, and A. Sgarlata. "Electronic structure and charge fluctuations in YBaCu3O7−δ from EELS, XPS and Auger spectroscopies." International Journal of Modern Physics B 02, no. 05 (October 1988): 1135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979288001013.

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Electron energy loss, x-ray photoemission and Auger spectroscopies have been used to study the valence states and the Cu 2p and 01 s core levels of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ as a function of the oxygen concentration δ. Evidence is found of dynamic charge fluctuations on the oxygen sublattice giving rise to a greater concentration of trivalent copper at the Cu(1) sites with respect to that determined by the analysis of neutron diffraction data. The lowest final states configurations of Cu 2+ and Cu 3+ are found to be c3d10L and c3d10L2, respectively, where c and L denote core holes on copper and oxygen atoms. Oxygen holes have high mobility and a Hubbard correlation energy less than 2 eV, a signature of their delocalization.

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30

JEONG, T. "FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDIES ON THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF BaCuSi2O6." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 14 (June 10, 2010): 2205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210055767.

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The electronic properties of BaCuSi 2 O 6 are studied by band structure calculation based on the density functional theory within local density approximation. We find that the electronic structure and properties are dominated by the layered character of the crystal structure arising from the in plane Cu 3d and O 2p electron interactions.

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31

Liu, Xiaobin, Wenxiu Que, Yucheng He, and Huanfu Zhou. "A first-principle study on the electronic properties of substitutionally Cu (I, II)-doped LiNbO3." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 08, no. 01 (February 2018): 1820002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x18200023.

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The electronic properties of Cu-doped lithium niobate (LiNbO3) systems are investigated by first-principles calculations. In this work, we focus on substitutionally Cu[Formula: see text]Li-doped LiNbO3 system with cuprous and cupric doping, which corresponds to the Li[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]NbO3 and Li[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]NbO3 [abbreviated as (Li, Cu I)NbO3 and (Li, Cu II)NbO3]. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the electronic property of LiNbO3 is completely different from (Li, Cu I)NbO3 and (Li, Cu II)NbO3. The calculated band structure and density of state (DOS) of (Li, Cu I)NbO3 show a small band gap of 1.34[Formula: see text]eV and the top of valance band (VB) is completely composed of a doping energy level originating from Cu 3d filled orbital. However, the calculated band structure and DOS of (Li, Cu II)NbO3 show a relatively large band gap of 2.22[Formula: see text]eV and the top of VB is mainly composed of Cu 3d unfilled orbital and O 2p orbital.

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32

SHEN, T. H., D. GREIG, J. A. D. MATTHEW, G. BEAMSON, G. BALAKRISHNAN, C. T. LIN, and W. Y. LIANG. "XPS STUDY OF IN SITU CLEAVED BSCCO." Surface Review and Letters 01, no. 04 (December 1994): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x9400062x.

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Single crystal samples of BSCCO were cleaved in ultrahigh vacuum and studied using XPS with a monochromated Al Kα source. The resolution of the instrument is ~0.35 eV which is better than most previous XPS studies of BSCCO. We confirm that the shape of the Cu 2p and O 1s peaks imply multiple states. The samples were heated in situ to drive off O, to study how screening is affected by changes in stoichiometry. Auger parameters were used for this study. The Auger parameters of Bi, Ca, O, and Cu were estimated.

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33

Sato, Hitoshi, Toshiki Nagasaki, Koichiro Suekuni, Hiromi I. Tanaka, Awabaikeli Rousuli, Shogo Nakamura, Naomi Kawamura, Xu-Guang Zheng, Takenori Fujii, and Toshiro Takabatake. "Cu 2p-1s x-ray emission spectroscopy of mineral tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4S13." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 175 (October 2020): 108148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.02.007.

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34

Seino, Yasuhiro, Kozo Okada, and Akio Kotani. "Theory of Cu 2p-XPS in electron-doped superconductor Nd2−zCezCuO4." Physica C: Superconductivity 185-189 (December 1991): 1485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(91)90869-z.

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35

Wang, Xiu Li, and Qiu Ming Gao. "Synthesis of Copper(0) Nanoparticles in Nanoporous Nickel Phosphate VSB-1." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.479.

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Copper(0) nanoparticles in nanoporous nickel phosphate VSB-1 were prepared by the methods of ion exchange and hydrogen reduction. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) results show that the crystal structure of VSB-1 was well retained after the encapsulation of copper nanoparticles and no apparent evidence of crystalline copper was observed. The Cu 2p core level binding energies were consistent with elemental Cu(0) appear in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data. Room temperature ultra violet visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum is characteristic of Cu(0) nanoparticles [1, 2]. Nanoporous material VSB-1 is an excellent host to synthesize metal or metal oxide nanoparticles due to its homogeneous nanopores and its high thermal stability.

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36

Karlsson, K., O. Gunnarsson, and O. Jepsen. "Shape of the Cu 2p core level photoemission spectrum for monovalent, divalent and trivalent Cu compounds." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 4, no. 11 (March 16, 1992): 2801–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/4/11/009.

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37

Katayama-Yoshida, H., T. Takahashi, H. Matsuyama, Y. Okabe, Y. Kitaoka, K. Ishida, K. Asayama, H. Fujimoto, and H. Inokuchi. "RECENT RESEARCH RELATED TO THE MECHANISM OF HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTIVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 02, no. 05 (October 1988): 1273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797928800113x.

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For the understanding of the mechanism of high-Tc suuperconductivity, (i). We determined the band structure of single crystal of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 by angle-resolved resonant photoemission experiment. Two dispersive bands with mainly oxygen 2p character were observed in the vicinity of the Fermi level and one of them crosses the Fermi level. This result shows the direct evidence of the Fermi-liquid states with oxygen 2p character. (ii). We performed NMR study of enriched 17 O in the CuO2 plane of the superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O system. We found BCS-like enhancement of 17 O nuclear spin-lattice, relaxation rate 1/T1 below Tc. This shows an evidence that the high-Tc superconductivity is of s-wave type with oxygen p-hole Cooper pairing. (iii). We observed an oxygen isotope shift in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors when 18 O is substituted for 16 O . The superconducting transition temperature Tc is lowered by about 0.32 K for the higher-Tc phase (Tc = 110K) and by about 0.34 K for the lower-Tc phase (Tc = 75K). These results show the evidence of a measurable contribution to the superconductivity from phonons.

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38

Liang, G., R. S. Liu, and L. V. Wang. "Cu K-Edge Study of (Tl0.5Pb0.5)Sr2Ca1-xYxCu2O7-δ." International Journal of Modern Physics B 12, no. 29n31 (December 20, 1998): 3296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979298002507.

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Near-edge x-ray-absorption spectra at the Cu K-edge has been measured for (Tl0.5Pb0.5)Sr2Ca 1-x Y x Cu2O 7-δ compound series. It is found that both the intensity of the quadruple 1s → 3d transition feature and the edge-energy decrease with increasing x. Our results show that the Cu valence decreases slightly with the substitution of Ca +2 by Y +3. This result, together with recent O K-edge result the O -2p holes are reduced by the substitution, indicates that electronic charge is transferred into the entire CuO 2 layers by the Y +3 for Ca +2 substitution.

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39

Burgäzy, F., H. Jaeger, K. Schulze, P. Lamparter, and S. Steeb. "X -Ray Emission and X -Ray Self-Absorption in the High - Tc Superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.9 and other Copper Oxides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 44, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1989-0303.

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O-Kα X-ray emission spectra of La2CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O6.9 are compared with calculated spectra. It is shown from O-Kα emission spectra of YBa2Cu3Ox with varying oxygen content (6.0 < X < 6.9) that with heating the superconducting compound (x = 6.9) oxygen atoms are removed from the Cu-O chains. A method for comparing X-ray self-absorption spectra from compounds with different concentrations of the element under consideration is presented. Cu-L selfabsorption spectra of YBa2Cu3Ox (6.0 < x < 6.9) are compared with those of Cu, Cu2O, CuO, and NaCuOn. By this comparison and from O-K., emission spectra, oxygen 2p holes are found to be present in the superconducting compound. The ionic character of the Cu-O bonds in the nonsuperconducting green phase Y2BaCuO5 is shown with O-Kα emission and Cu-L3 self-absorption spectroscopy. The energy gap of Y2BaCuO5 is found to be about 5 e V.

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40

ANDERSEN, T. H., L. BECH, J. ONSGAARD, S. V. HOFFMANN, and Z. LI. "HIGH RESOLUTION CORE LEVEL SPECTROSCOPY AT THE Cu/Ru(0001) INTERFACE." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 02 (April 2002): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02002798.

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Copper adsorption on Ru(0001) has been studied by synchrotron radiation. The clean Ru 3d 5/2 spectra were found to consist of two components with a binding energy shift of 400 meV. The component with the lower binding energy represents the first layer of ruthenium atoms. Adsorption of copper gives rise to core level shifts of the Ru 3d 5/2 components, which were studied as a function of Cu coverage. Experiments were carried out with copper coverages varying from the submonolayer range up to two monolayers of copper. The binding energy of the Cu 2p 3/2 level was measured by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.

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41

Rowe, R. V. A., M. H. Kunita, M. F. Porto, E. C. Muniz, A. F. Rubira, R. C. Nery, E. Radovanovic, L. T. Taylor, and N. Nazem. "Low-resistance films of polyimides with impregnated copper sulfide." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 11 (November 2001): 3097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0427.

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Surface modification of polyimides has been used to obtain better interaction with an inorganic material. Copper sulfide incorporation onto the surface of commercial Kapton® polyimide showed that treatment with base was necessary for adherence of the copper sulfide to the polymeric matrix. The optimized conditions for composite preparation, obtained by response surface methodology, was pH 1.4 at 80 °C for 3.67 h. Using these conditions, we obtained electrical resistance as low as 1.0 ohm for CuS\Kapton® composites. These optimized conditions were used to prepare other low-resistance polyimide composites. The resulting composites were analyzed by photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of S(2p) and Cu(2p) peaks demonstrated the incorporation of copper sulfide onto the polyimide surface. Scanning electron microphotographs and the images from atomic force microscopy showed a homogeneous CuS distribution in all composites.

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42

KAWAI, Jun, Sei TSUBOYAMA, Kazuhiko ISHIZU, Kazuo MIYAMURA, and Masahiko SABURI. "COVALENCY OF COPPER COMPLEXES DETERMINED BY Cu 2p X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETRY." Analytical Sciences 7, Supple (1991): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.7.supple_337.

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43

Okada, K., and A. Kotani. "THEORY OF Cu 2p XPS AND 3p RESONANT XPS IN OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 49, no. C8 (December 1988): C8–2245—C8–2246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:198881006.

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44

Tanaka, Satoshi, Kozo Okada, and Akio Kotani. "Theory of Cu 2p X-ray emission spectroscopy in high-Tc superconductors." Physica C: Superconductivity 185-189 (December 1991): 1489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(91)90871-u.

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45

Charnock, J. M., P. F. Schofield, C. M. B. Henderson, G. Cressey, and B. A. Cressey. "Cu and Zn ordering in aurichalcite." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 403 (December 1996): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.403.04.

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AbstractThe advantages of X-ray absorption spectroscopy have been utilized to assess the Cu and Zn ordering in aurichalcite, (Cu5−xZnx)(OH)6(CO3)2. We have examined one hydrozincite sample and three aurichalcite samples in which the Cu:Zn ratios are in the range 1:3 to 2:3. Copper 2p XAS confirms that there is no monovalent copper in aurichalcite and that in each sample the copper might be distributed across more than one metal site. EXAFS, at the Cu and Zn K-edges, shows that the copper atoms preferentially enter the Jahn-Teller elongated, octahedral (M2) and trigonal bipyramidal (M4) sites, with the zinc atoms entering the more regular octahedral (M1) and tetrahedral (M3) site. Substantial solid solution towards the zinc rich region is facilitated by the substitution of copper by zinc on the M2 and M4 sites. This information, not easily obtained by X-ray diffraction, substantially enhances the understanding of the structure of aurichalcite.

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46

KAGEYAMA, H., R. TAKAHASHI, D. HAMAGUCHI, T. AWATA, T. NAKAE, A. NISHIHATA, K. KAWATSURA, et al. "HIGH RESOLUTION L X-RAY EMISSION SPECTRA OF Fe AND Cu INDUCED BY O.75 MeV/u ION IMPACT." International Journal of PIXE 05, no. 02n03 (January 1995): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083595000241.

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High resolution L x-ray emission spectra of Fe and Cu have been measured by 0.75 MeV/u H and He, and 0.73 MeV/u He, Si and Ar ion impacts with a crystal spectrometer. The x-ray transition energies in the Fe and Cu targets for Lι, Lη, Lα1,2, Lβ1 and Lβ3,4 diagram lines induced by light ion impacts are determined, which are in good agreement with those given in the reference. The difference in L x-ray emission spectra produced by H, He, Si and Ar ions is considered and the emission spectra for the Cu target are compared with the calculated ones based on the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method. The origin of the broadening of the Lα1,2 line to the lower energy for Si and Ar ion impacts is attributed to one 2p plus one 3d electron vacancy production.

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47

Geloso, Corrado, Rajesh Kumar, Jaime Romero Lopez-Grado, and Dennis G. Tuck. "The direct electrochemical synthesis of dialkyldithiocarbamate and diethyldithiophosphate complexes of main group and transition metals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-157.

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Dialkyldithiocarbamate derivatives (R2NCS2)nM of a number of metals (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, In, Tl) have been synthesised in good yield by electrochemical oxidation of appropriate sacrificial anodes in non-aqueous solutions of either the corresponding tetraalkylthiuram disulphide (R2NCS2)2 (R = Me, Et) or a mixture of carbon disulphide plus the secondary amine R2NH (R = Et, i-Pr; R2NH = piperidine). Similar experiments with solutions of (EtO)2P(S)SH (= HL) gave MLn•derivatives (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ga, In, Tl) while in the presence of HL + 1,10-phenanthroline, MLn•phen derivatives were obtained for M = V, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, and Ga.

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48

Koyama, Yasumasa, and Manabu Ishimaru. "An electron diffraction study of superconducting oxides Ba1−xPbxBiO3 and Ba1−yPbyBiO3." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100173546.

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Before the discovery of superconductivity in La-Ba-Cu-O by Bednorz and Müller, it has been known that BaPb1−xBixO3 (BPB) exhibits superconductivity below about 13 K. In particular, because Ba1−yKyBiO3 (BKB) was found to be a superconductor with Tc of about 30 K, the Ba-oxides become more important in order to understand the mechanism of superconductivity of the oxide superconductors. Characteristic features for the Ba-Oxides are that their crystal structure is basically the cubic perovskite structure and there is not a Cu-O layer which is responsible for the superconductivity in the oxide superconductors having the Cu-O layer, such as Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O. That is, the O(2p)-[Pb(6s), Bi(6s)] hybridized orbitals would play an important role in the case of the Ba-oxides. In the present work, in order to understand features of the crystal structure of the Ba-oxides, including a structural disorder, the details of the structure have been examined by means of electron diffraction.

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49

Zhidkov, Ivan S., Andrey I. Kukharenko, Mikhail A. Milyaev, Evgeniy A. Kravtsov, Marina V. Makarova, Vladimir V. Gapontsev, Sergey V. Streltsov, Seif O. Cholakh, and Ernst Z. Kurmaev. "Protection of Cu from Oxidation by Ta Capping Layer." Coatings 13, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050926.

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X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements (core levels and valence bands) were made of Cu thin films that were prepared and coated by capping Ta layers with different thicknesses (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 Å), and are presented. The XRR and XPS Ta 4f-spectra revealed a complete oxidation of the protective layer up to a thickness of 10 Å. From the thickness of the capping layer of 15 Å, a pure Ta-metal line appeared in the XPS Ta 4f-spectrum, the contribution of which increased up to 30 Å. The XPS Cu 2p-spectra of the underlying copper layer revealed the oxidation with the formation of CuO up to a thickness of the Ta-layer of 10 Å. Starting from a thickness of 15 Å, the complete protection of the Cu layer against oxidation was ensured during exposure to the ambient atmosphere.

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50

MISHONOV, TODOR M., JOSEPH O. INDEKEU, and EVGENI S. PENEV. "THE 3d-TO-4s-BY-2p HIGHWAY TO SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN CUPRATES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 30 (November 30, 2002): 4577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202014991.

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High-temperature superconductors are nowadays found in great variety and hold technological promise. It is still an unsolved mystery that the critical temperature T c of the basic cuprates is so high. The answer might well be hidden in a conventional corner of theoretical physics, overlooked in the recent hunt for exotic explanations of new effects in these materials. A forgotten intra-atomic s–d two-electron exchange in the Cu atom is found to provide a strong (~ eV) electron pairing interaction. A Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer approach can explain the main experimental observations and predict the correct dx2-y2 symmetry of the gap.

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