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Wu, Fengjie, Jun Zhu, Yongjiang Mao, Xiaomei Li, Baoguang Hu, and Dianliang Zhang. "Associations between the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotypes of Circulating Tumor Cells and the Clinicopathological Features of Patients with Colorectal Cancer." Disease Markers 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9474532.
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In this study, we identified CTCs using the previously reported CanPatrol CTC enrichment technique from peripheral blood samples of 126 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and found that CTCs could be classified into three subpopulations based on expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) (E-CTCs), the mesenchymal cell marker vimentin (M-CTCs), or both EpCAM and vimentin (biphenotypic E/M-CTCs). Circulating tumor microemboli (CTMs) were also identified in peripheral blood samples. Meanwhile, E-CTCs, M-CTCs, E/M-CTCs, and CTMs were detected in 76.98%, 42.06%, 56.35%, and 36.51% of the 126 patients, respectively. Interestingly, the presence of CTMs and each CTC subpopulation was significantly associated with blood lymphocyte counts and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P<0.001). Lymphocyte counts and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients lacking CTCs were significantly different from those in patients testing positive for CTMs and each CTC subpopulation (P<0.001). Our results indicate that tumor metastasis is more significantly associated with the presence of CTMs and M-CTCs than with other CTC subpopulations and suggest that EMT may be involved in CTC evasion of lymphocyte-mediated clearance.
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Chen, Yang, Jiajia Yuan, Yanyan Li, Xue Li, Ying Yang, Jian Li, Yilin Li, and Lin Shen. "Profiling heterogenous sizes of circulating tumor microemboli to track therapeutic resistance and prognosis in advanced gastric cancer." Human Cell 34, no. 5 (June 21, 2021): 1446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13577-021-00568-2.
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AbstractCirculating tumor microemboli (CTM) aggregated by ≥ 2 circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are more migratory than single CTCs. Aside from the plasticity in their molecular characteristics, which have been considered tumor migration, CTM also possesses high size heterogeneity. This study, therefore, systematically investigated the heterogeneous sizes of CTM and their involvement in therapeutic resistance in 114 patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) using a pre-established surface molecule-independent subtraction enrichment (SE)-iFISH strategy. CTM, which was pre-therapeutically detected in 33.3% of GC patients, can further form in another 34.78% of patients following chemo-/targeted therapies. The presence of CTM is relevant to liver metastasis as well as higher CTC levels (≥ 5/6 mL). Further size-based profiling of GC-CTM revealed that CTM with 2 CTCs (CTM2) was the dominant subtype, accounting for 50.0% of all detected GC-CTMs. However, CTM with 3–4 CTCs (CTM3–4) specifically associates with chemo-/targeted therapeutic resistance and inferior prognosis. Patients with ≥ 1 CTM3–4/6 mL have shorter median progression-free survival and median overall survival. Unlike CTM2 and CTM3–4, which are detectable in pre-therapy and post-therapy, larger aggregated CTM≥5 (CTM with ≥ 5 CTCs) was only intra-therapeutically detected in four HER2+ GC patients, of which three experienced liver metastases. Obtained results suggested that the cluster size of GC-CTM should be dynamically profiled beyond pre-therapeutic whole CTM enumeration in terms of chemo-/targeted resistance or metastasis monitoring. GC-CTM3–4 could be a potential indicator of therapeutic resistance, while the dynamic presence of GC-CTM≥5 implies liver metastasis in HER2+ GC patients.
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SANTOS, Enrico. "Biológia das células-tronco mesenquimais de felinos obtidas a partir de nichos presentes no tecido adiposo objetivando sua aplicação terapêutica na medicina veterinária." Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS 4, no. 3 (October 23, 2018): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21674/2448-0479.43.368-379.
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O tecido adiposo vêm representando uma fonte em potencial para a obtenção de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs). Estudos recentes têm demonstrado que as CTMs apresentam potencial de utilização tanto na pesquisa básica como aplicada. Podendo ser obtidas, em grandes quantidades, por meio de anestesia local e com o mínimo de desconforto, as CTMs vêm sendo objeto de intensa pesquisa. Neste estudo, o tecido adiposo de felino, obtido por meio de biópsia realizada na região subcutânea, foi processado de forma a obter uma população celular morfologicamente homogênea. As células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo felinos (CTMs-TAF) foram mantidas, in vitro, em crescimento exponencial até a 9ª passagem apresentando-se como uma população estável e com baixos níveis de senescência. As CTMs-TAF foram capazes de se diferenciarem, in vitro em células adipogênicas, condrogênicas e osteogênicas na presença de factores de indução linhagem específica. Quando injectado em camundongos nude, as CTMs-TAF não foram capazes de dar origem a teratocarcinomas. Estes resultados demonstram de que as CTMs-TAF possuem propriedades que sugerem a sua possível utilização na terapia celular.
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Patricio, L. F. L., C. L. K. Rebelatto, P. R. S. Brofman, B. B. Maciel, O. C. Beltrame, H. F. V. Brito, and R. Locatelli-Dittrich. "Isolamento e caracterização de células mesenquimais do tecido adiposo de cães." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, no. 4 (August 2013): 946–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352013000400002.
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As células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) diferenciam-se em várias linhagens e têm potencial de utilização na medicina regenerativa. As CTMs podem ser isoladas de vários tecidos de animais adultos. O objetivo deste estudo foi o isolamento das CTMs do tecido adiposo de cães, seu cultivo e diferenciação. Foram coletadas amostras de tecido adiposo subcutâneo de cinco cães. As CTMs foram isoladas, obtendo-se 146.803 (±49.533) células/g, cultivadas e diferenciadas em osteoblastos, adipócitos e condrócitos. Avaliaram-se a cinética do crescimento, a morfologia e a viabilidade celular. A caracterização citoquímica comprovou a natureza mesenquimal das células isoladas. O cultivo foi iniciado com 20.000 células/mL, verificando-se crescimento rápido até 72 horas (220.000 células/mL), fase exponencial entre 72 e 192 horas (455.000 células/mL), seguida de platô por saturação da densidade com 240 horas (355.000 células/mL). A viabilidade celular variou entre 96 e 100%. As CTMs em cultivo são fibroblásticas, fusiformes, com citoplasma basofílico e núcleo esférico. O comprimento médio das células variou entre 80,85 e 98,36µm, a largura média entre 17,40 e 28,79µm e o diâmetro médio do núcleo entre 15,46 e 17,74µm.
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Fina, Emanuela, Carolina Reduzzi, Rosita Motta, Serena Di Cosimo, Giulia Bianchi, Antonia Martinetti, Janine Wechsler, Vera Cappelletti, and Maria G. Daidone. "Did Circulating Tumor Cells Tell us all they Could? The Missed Circulating Tumor Cell Message in Breast Cancer." International Journal of Biological Markers 30, no. 4 (October 2015): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jbm.5000166.
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Purpose To compare circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection rates in patients with early (M0) and metastatic (M+) breast cancer using 2 positive-selection methods or size-based unbiased enrichment. Methods Blood collected at baseline and at different times during treatment from M0 patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy and from M+ women starting a new line of treatment was processed in parallel using AdnaTest EMT-1/ and EMT-2/Stem CellSelect/Detect kits or ScreenCell Cyto devices. CTC positivity was defined according to the suggested cutoffs and cytological parameters, respectively. Results Higher CTC detection rates were obtained with the AdnaTest approach when using for CTC-enrichment antibodies against ERBB2 and EGFR in addition to MUC1 and the classical epithelial surface marker EPCAM (13% vs. 48%). In M0 patients mainly, CTC positivity rates further increased when EMT- and stemness-related marker expression (PIK3CA, AKT2 and ALDH1) was evaluated in addition to EPCAM, MUC1 and ERBB2. When the physical properties of tumor cells were exploited, CTCs were detected at higher percentages than with positive-selection-based methods, without any difference between clinical stages (78% in M0 vs. 72% in M+ cases at baseline). Circulating tumor microemboli (CTMs) were detected in addition to single CTCs with significantly higher frequency in M0 than M+ samples (78% vs. 27%, p = 0.0002). Conclusions Different approaches for CTC detection probably identify distinct tumor cell subpopulations, but need technical standardization before their clinical validity and biological specificity may be adequately investigated. The distinct role of CTMs compared with CTCs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers represents a further challenge.
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Reichert, Thaís, Rochelle Rocha Costa, Bruna Machado Barroso, Vitória de Mello Bones da Rocha, Henrique Bianchi Oliveira, Cláudia Gomes Bracht, Anemarí Girardon de Azevedo, and Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel. "Long-Term Effects of Three Water-Based Training Programs on Resting Blood Pressure in Older Women." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2019-0236.
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The aim of the study was to compare the effects of three water-based training on blood pressure (BP) in older women. A total of 57 participants were randomized into the following groups: (a) aerobic training (AT), (b) concurrent training in which resistance training progresses to the use of resistive equipment (CTRE), and (c) concurrent training in which resistance training progresses to multiple sets (CTMS). The participants trained twice a week for 16 weeks. Systolic BP decreased from pretraining to after 8 weeks of training and, subsequently, to after 16 weeks of training (AT: −6.53 mmHg, CTRE: −10.45 mmHg, and CTMS: −10.73 mmHg). Diastolic BP decreased from pretraining to after 8 and 16 weeks of training (AT: −6.23 mmHg, CTRE: −4.61 mmHg, and CTMS: −6.19 mmHg). Furthermore, 16% of the AT participants, 23% of the CTRE participants, and 28.5% of the CTMS participants were no longer classified as hypertensive. Water-based aerobic and concurrent training are efficient nonpharmacological measures to reduce BP in older women.
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Oliveira, P. G. G., A. M. Carvalho, A. L. M. Yamada, L. Maia, N. P. P. Freitas, M. J. Watanabe, F. C. Landim-Alvarenga, and A. L. G. Alves. "Avaliação da migração das células progenitoras após terapia da tendinite equina." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 66, no. 4 (August 2014): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-6046.
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A terapia celular vem sendo utilizada com resultados promissores no tratamento da tendinite equina, entretanto ainda existem dúvidas quanto à persistência e ao comportamento dessas células quando implantadas no local da lesão, e quanto à sua migração para outros focos inflamatórios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a marcação das células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) com nanocristal antes e após o implante em lesões tendíneas experimentais do tendão flexor digital superficial (TFDS) de equinos, bem como observar a possibilidade de migração das CTMs marcadas para outro foco de lesão, o membro contralateral do mesmo animal. Para isso, foi realizada a indução de lesão experimental no TFDS em ambos os membros torácicos de cinco equinos e, após sete dias, foram implantadas as CTMs autólogas marcadas com o nanocristal Qtracker 655 em um dos membros dos animais. Após sete dias do implante, foi realizada a biópsia tendínea para posterior avaliação histopatológica, utilizando-se microscopia com fluorescência. Também foi realizado o teste de viabilidade celular antes e após a incubação com o nanocristal. As CTMs marcadas e injetadas no tecido tendíneo mantiveram sua fluorescência sete dias após seu implante, e não ocorreu migração para o membro contralateral. O uso do nanocristal para a marcação das CTMs derivadas da medula óssea equina mostrou-se efetivo pelo fato de essa nanopartícula não ter alterado a viabilidade celular e por ela ter permanecido ativa durante o período implantado.
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Magalhães, Geórgia M., Erika M. Terra, Sabryna G. Calazans, Rosemeri de O. Vasconcelos, and Antonio Carlos Alessi. "Avaliação da imunomarcação de células-tronco tumorais em carcinossarcomas mamários e carcinomas em tumores mistos em cadelas." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, no. 5 (May 2014): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014000500012.
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As células-tronco tumorais (CTTs) pertencem a uma pequena população de células dentro do tumor com propriedades de autorrenovação e diferenciação em outros tipos celulares. Neste estudo avaliou-se o comportamento tanto das porções mesenquimais quanto das epiteliais de seis carcinossarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas em tumores mistos (CTMs) grau I, 11 grau II e 10 grau III. Nas porções epiteliais dos CS e CTM foram observadas imunomarcações para os anticorpos CD44, CD24, Oct-4 e ALDH-1. Nas porções mesenquimais dos CS, nas porções epiteliais dos CTMs graus II e III não houve imunomarcação para o ALDH-1. Concluiu-se que as CTTs são expressas em proporções iguais tanto nas porções mesenquimais quanto nas epiteliais dos CSs e ausentes nas porções mesenquimais bem diferenciadas de CTMs.
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Maia, Leandro, Fernanda C. Landim-Alvarenga, Márjorie de Assis Golim, Mateus José Sudano, Marilda O. Taffarel, Bruna De Vita, Natália Pereira P. Freitas, and Rogério M. Amorim. "Potencial de transdiferenciação neural das células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea de equino." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, no. 5 (May 2012): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2012000500013.
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Os primeiros estudos demonstrando o potencial de trandiferenciação neural das células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) provenientes da medula óssea (MO) foram conduzidos em camundogos e humanos no início da década de 2000. Após esse período, o número de pesquisas e publicações com o mesmo propósito tem aumentado, mas com raros ou escassos estudos na espécie equina. Nesse sentindo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial in vitro da transdiferenciação neural das CTMs provenientes da MO de equinos utilizando-se dois protocolos: P1 (forksolin e ácido retinóico) e P2 (2-βmecarptoetanol). Após a confirmação das linhagens mesenquimais, pela positividade para o marcador CD90 (X=97,94%), negatividade para o marcador CD34 e resposta positiva a diferenciação osteogênica, as CTMs foram submetidas a transdiferenciação neural (P1 e P2) para avaliação morfológica e expressão dos marcadores neurais GFAP e β3 tubulina por citometria de fluxo. Os resultados revelaram mudanças morfológicas em graus variados entre os protocolos testados. No protocolo 1, vinte quatro horas após a incubação com o meio de diferenciação neural, grande proporção de células (>80%) apresentaram morfologia semelhante a células neurais, caracterizadas por retração do corpo celular e grande número de projeções protoplasmáticas (filopodia). Por outro lado, de forma comparativa, já nos primeiros 30 minutos após a exposição ao antioxidante β-mercaptoetanol (P2) as CTMs apresentaram rápida mudança morfológica caracterizada principalmente por retração do corpo celular e menor número de projeções protoplasmáticas. Também ficou evidenciado com o uso deste protocolo, menor aderência das células após tempo de exposição ao meio de diferenciação, quando comparado ao P1. Com relação a análise imunofenotípica foi observado uma maior (P<0,001) expressão dos marcadores GFAP e β3 tubulina ao término do P2 quando comparado ao P1. A habilidade das CTMs em gerar tipos celulares relacionados a linhagem neural é complexa e multifatorial, dependendo não só dos agentes indutores, mas também do ambiente no qual estas células são cultivadas. Desta forma um maior número de estudos é necessário para o melhor entendimento do processo de transdiferenciação neural a partir de CTMs de equinos.
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Kulasinghe, Arutha, Jian Zhou, Liz Kenny, Ian Papautsky, and Chamindie Punyadeera. "Capture of Circulating Tumour Cell Clusters Using Straight Microfluidic Chips." Cancers 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010089.
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Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are the metastatic precursors to distant disease in head and neck cancers (HNCs). Whilst the prognostic and predictive value of single CTCs have been well documented, the role of CTC clusters, which potentially have a higher metastatic capacity are limited. In this study, the authors used a novel straight microfluidic chip to focus and capture CTCs. The chip offers high cell recoveries with clinically relevant numbers (10–500 cells/mL) without the need for further purification. Single CTCs were identified in 10/21 patient samples (range 2–24 CTCs/mL), CTC clusters in 9/21 patient samples (range 1–6 CTC clusters/mL) and circulating tumour microemboli (CTM) in 2/21 samples. This study demonstrated that CTC clusters contain EGFR amplified single CTCs within the cluster volume. This novel microfluidic chip demonstrates the efficient sorting and preservation of single CTCs, CTC clusters and CTMs. The authors intend to expand this study to a larger cohort to determine the clinical implication of the CTC subsets in HNC.
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Biswas, Tamajit, Pranab Hazra, Baishali Sarkar, Debdas Monda, Deepali Kumari, and Niladri Mallik. "COVID 19 – Tracking and Management System (CTMS)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1797, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1797/1/012007.
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Bittencourt, Renata Aparecida de Camargo, Hamilton Rosa Pereira, Sérgio Luís Felisbino, Priscila Murador, Ana Paula Ehrhardt de Oliveira, and Elenice Deffune. "Isolamento de células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 14, no. 1 (2006): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-78522006000100004.
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As Células-Tronco Mesenquimais (CTMs) têm alta capacidade de se renovar e diferenciar em várias linhagens de tecido conjuntivo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo isolar as CTMs da medula óssea de camundongos utilizando dois diferentes meios de cultura e caracterizá-las através de imuno-marcação com anti-vimentina. Foram utilizados 6 camundongos BALB/c com 15 dias de idade. A medula óssea foi coletada do canal medular das tíbias e fêmures dos camundongos e ressuspensas em uma concentração final 6x10(5), em meio Knockout- DMEM e DMEM alta concentração de glicose, suplementados com 10% SBF, mantidas em estufa a 37° C em uma atmosfera úmida a 5% de CO2 e 95% de ar por 72 horas, quando as células não aderentes foram removidas durante a troca do meio. O número e densidade de células com morfologia fibroblastóide foram maior no meio Knockout- DMEM em cinco dias de cultura versus 10-20 dias para conseguir a mesma concentração celular com o DMEM alta concentração de glicose. As células de ambos grupos apresentaram intensa marcação com anticorpo anti-vimentina, caracterizando-as como CTMs. A obtenção mais rápida das CTMs é fundamental para o campo da terapia celular, principalmente quando se deseja utilizar estas células no reparo de tecidos de origem mesenquimal.
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Gula, Grzegorz, Sławomir Rumiński, Justyna Niderla-Bielińska, Agnieszka Jasińska, Ewelina Kiernozek, Ewa Jankowska-Steifer, Aleksandra Flaht-Zabost, and Anna Ratajska. "Potential functions of embryonic cardiac macrophages in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling." Histochemistry and Cell Biology 155, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00418-020-01934-1.
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AbstractThe role of cardiac tissue macrophages (cTMs) during pre- and postnatal developmental stages remains in many aspects unknown. We aimed to characterize cTM populations and their potential functions based on surface markers. Our in situ studies of immunostained cardiac tissue specimens of murine fetuses (from E11to E17) revealed that a significant number of embryonic cTMs (phenotyped by CD45, CD68, CD64, F4/80, CD11b, CD206, Lyve-1) resided mostly in the subepicardial space, not in the entire myocardial wall, as observed in adult individuals. cTMs accompanied newly developed blood and lymphatic vessels adhering to vessel walls by cellular processes. A subpopulation of CD68-positive cells was found to form accumulations in areas of massive apoptosis during the outflow tract remodeling and shortening. Flow cytometry analysis at E14 and E17 stages revealed newly defined three subpopulations:CD64low, CD64highCD206-and CD64highCD206+. The levels of mRNA expression for genes related to regulation of angiogenesis (VEGFa, VEGFb, VEGFc, bFGF), lymphangiogenesis (VEGFc) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling (MMP13, Arg1, Ym1/Chil3, Retlna/FIZZ1) differed among the selected populations and/or embryonic stages. Our results demonstrate a diversity of embryonic cTMs and their tissue-specific locations, suggesting their various potential roles in regulating angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and ECM remodeling.
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Santos, Enrico Jardim Clemente, Oskar Grau Kaufmann, and Angela Mazzeo. "Células-tronco mesenquimais." Revista de Medicina 99, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v99i3p272-277.
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A biologia das células-tronco é um dos campos mais dinâmicos e promissores das ciências biológicas, pois é a base do desenvolvimento dos organismos. Sua complexidade biológica vem demandando esforços de diversas linhas de pesquisa visando principalmente sua utilização terapêutica. As células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs), após sua infusão no organismo receptor, tendem a se acumular no pulmão melhorando o microambiente, protegendo as células epiteliais dos alvéolos e prevenindo a formação de fibrose de forma a restaurar a função dos pulmões. Por meio dos processos seguros e eficazes de supressão dos processos inflamatórios e reparação do tecido pulmonar, as CTMs surgem como uma promissora abordagem terapêutica para o tratamento de doenças respiratórias. Neste trabalho abordamos o estado da arte e o potencial terapêutico das CTMs no tratamento de pacientes acometidos por pneumonia em decorrência da COVID-19.
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Bailey, Patrick, and Stuart Martin. "Insights on CTC Biology and Clinical Impact Emerging from Advances in Capture Technology." Cells 8, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060553.
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Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) have been shown to correlate negatively with patient survival. Actual CTC counts before and after treatment can be used to aid in the prognosis of patient outcomes. The presence of circulating tumor materials (CTMat) can advertise the presence of metastasis before clinical presentation, enabling the early detection of relapse. Importantly, emerging evidence is indicating that cancer treatments can actually increase the incidence of CTCs and metastasis in pre-clinical models. Subsequently, the study of CTCs, their biology and function are of vital importance. Emerging technologies for the capture of CTC/CTMs and CTMat are elucidating vitally important biological and functional information that can lead to important alterations in how therapies are administered. This paves the way for the development of a “liquid biopsy” where treatment decisions can be informed by information gleaned from tumor cells and tumor cell debris in the blood.
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Degraeuwe, Bart, Enrico Pisoni, and Philippe Thunis. "Prioritising the sources of pollution in European cities: do air quality modelling applications provide consistent responses?" Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 5725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5725-2020.
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Abstract. To take decisions on how to improve air quality, it is useful to perform a source allocation study that identifies the main sources of pollution for the area of interest. Often source allocation is performed with a chemical transport model (CTM) but unfortunately, even if accurate, this technique is time consuming and complex. Comparing the results of different CTMs to assess the uncertainty of source allocation results is even more difficult. In this work, we compare the source allocation (for PM2.5 yearly averages) in 150 major cities in Europe, based on the results of two CTMs (CHIMERE and EMEP), approximated with the SHERPA (Screening for High Emission Reduction Potential on Air) approach. Although contradictory results occur in some cities, the source allocation results obtained with the two SHERPA simplified models lead to similar results in most cases, even though the two CTMs use different input data and configurations.
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Cho, Young Joon, Min Ji Jeong, Ji Hye Park, Weiguang Hu, Jongchul Lim, and Hyo Sik Chang. "Charge Transporting Materials Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition in Perovskite Solar Cells." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041156.
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Charge transporting materials (CTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have played an important role in improving the stability by replacing the liquid electrolyte with solid state electron or hole conductors and enhancing the photovoltaic efficiency by the efficient electron collection. Many organic and inorganic materials for charge transporting in PSCs have been studied and applied to increase the charge extraction, transport and collection, such as Spiro-OMeTAD for hole transporting material (HTM), TiO2 for electron transporting material (ETM) and MoOX for HTM etc. However, recently inorganic CTMs are used to replace the disadvantages of organic materials in PSCs such as, the long-term operational instability, low charge mobility. Especially, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has many advantages in obtaining the conformal, dense and virtually pinhole-free layers. Here, we review ALD inorganic CTMs and their function in PSCs in view of the stability and contribution to enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaics.
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Silvestri, Marco, Carolina Reduzzi, Giancarlo Feliciello, Marta Vismara, Thomas Schamberger, Cäcilia Köstler, Rosita Motta, et al. "Detection of Genomically Aberrant Cells within Circulating Tumor Microemboli (CTMs) Isolated from Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients." Cancers 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061409.
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Circulating tumor microemboli (CTMs) are clusters of cancer cells detached from solid tumors, whose study can reveal mechanisms underlying metastatization. As they frequently comprise unknown fractions of leukocytes, the analysis of copy number alterations (CNAs) is challenging. To address this, we titrated known numbers of leukocytes into cancer cells (MDA-MB-453 and MDA-MB-36, displaying high and low DNA content, respectively) generating tumor fractions from 0–100%. After low-pass sequencing, ichorCNA was identified as the best algorithm to build a linear mixed regression model for tumor fraction (TF) prediction. We then isolated 53 CTMs from blood samples of six early-stage breast cancer patients and predicted the TF of all clusters. We found that all clusters harbor cancer cells between 8 and 48%. Furthermore, by comparing the identified CNAs of CTMs with their matched primary tumors, we noted that only 31–71% of aberrations were shared. Surprisingly, CTM-private alterations were abundant (30–63%), whereas primary tumor-private alterations were rare (4–12%). This either indicates that CTMs are disseminated from further progressed regions of the primary tumor or stem from cancer cells already colonizing distant sites. In both cases, CTM-private mutations may inform us about specific metastasis-associated functions of involved genes that should be explored in follow-up and mechanistic studies.
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Chen, Lei, Yi Gao, Meigen Zhang, Joshua S. Fu, Jia Zhu, Hong Liao, Jialin Li, et al. "MICS-Asia III: multi-model comparison and evaluation of aerosol over East Asia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 18 (September 25, 2019): 11911–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11911-2019.
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Abstract. A total of 14 chemical transport models (CTMs) participated in the first topic of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III. These model results are compared with each other and an extensive set of measurements, aiming to evaluate the current CTMs' ability in simulating aerosol concentrations, to document the similarities and differences among model performance, and to reveal the characteristics of aerosol components in large cities over East Asia. In general, these CTMs can well reproduce the spatial–temporal distributions of aerosols in East Asia during the year 2010. The multi-model ensemble mean (MMEM) shows better performance than most single-model predictions, with correlation coefficients (between MMEM and measurements) ranging from 0.65 (nitrate, NO3-) to 0.83 (PM2.5). The concentrations of black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO42-), and PM10 are underestimated by MMEM, with normalized mean biases (NMBs) of −17.0 %, −19.1 %, and −32.6 %, respectively. Positive biases are simulated for NO3- (NMB = 4.9 %), ammonium (NH4+) (NMB = 14.0 %), and PM2.5 (NMB = 4.4 %). In comparison with the statistics calculated from MICS-Asia phase II, frequent updates of chemical mechanisms in CTMs during recent years make the intermodel variability of simulated aerosol concentrations smaller, and better performance can be found in reproducing the temporal variations of observations. However, a large variation (about a factor of 2) in the ratios of SNA (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) to PM2.5 is calculated among participant models. A more intense secondary formation of SO42- is simulated by Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) models, because of the higher SOR (sulfur oxidation ratio) than other models (0.51 versus 0.39). The NOR (nitric oxidation ratio) calculated by all CTMs has larger values (∼0.20) than the observations, indicating that overmuch NO3- is simulated by current models. NH3-limited condition (the mole ratio of ammonium to sulfate and nitrate is smaller than 1) can be successfully reproduced by all participant models, which indicates that a small reduction in ammonia may improve the air quality. A large coefficient of variation (CV > 1.0) is calculated for simulated coarse particles, especially over arid and semi-arid regions, which means that current CTMs have difficulty producing similar dust emissions by using different dust schemes. According to the simulation results of MMEM in six large Asian cities, different air-pollution control plans should be taken due to their different major air pollutants in different seasons. The MICS-Asia project gives an opportunity to discuss the similarities and differences of simulation results among CTMs in East Asian applications. In order to acquire a better understanding of aerosol properties and their impacts, more experiments should be designed to reduce the diversities among air quality models.
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Sun, Pei Lu, and Ping Yu Jiang. "A Framework for Implementing RFID-Based Cutting Tools Management System in a Machining Workshop." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.360.
Full textAbstract:
As one kind of indispensable consuming resources, efficient cutting tools management plays an important role in increasing production capacity of machining workshop and ensuring the products quality. In this paper, a RFID-based cutting tools management system (CTMS) is proposed and its implementation framework is established. Furthermore, four key enabling technologies are addressed to investigate the real-time monitoring, dynamic scheduling, inventory alert and life prediction of cutting tools. Finally, a simple example is given to demonstrate the operation procedure of the established CTMS.
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Kelly, Aileen, Daniel W. Robbins, May Tan, Austin Tenn-McClellan, Joel McIntosh, Jeffrey Wu, Zef Konst, et al. "Targeted Protein Degradation of BTK As a Unique Therapeutic Approach for B Cell Malignancies." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129262.
Full textAbstract:
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key component of B cell receptor signaling and is involved in B cell development and function. BTK plays a crucial role in cell survival in B cell malignancies such as Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and covalent inhibitors of BTK, such as ibrutinib, have been successful clinically. However, long-term therapy with covalent BTK inhibitors has been shown to generate resistance mutations, which lead to disease progression. New treatments are needed to address this unmet medical need. Small molecule-induced protein degradation offers a unique approach to inhibiting BTK function. Chimeric Targeting Molecules (CTMs) mediate ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of specific target proteins. CTMs are comprised of a ubiquitin ligase binding element ("harness"), a chemical linker, and a target binding element ("hook"). Use of CTMs to degrade both WT and ibrutinib-resistant forms of BTK present a novel approach to targeting BTK and could affect both its catalytic and potential scaffolding functions. We have identified multiple CTMs that catalyze BTK degradation in multiple B cell lines; the concentration of one of such CTM, NRX0492, required to degrade 50% BTK (DC50) was < 1 nM after 4 hours. BTK CTMs impair viability in the BTK-dependent ABC-DLBCL cell line, TMD8 (EC50: < 10 nM after 72 hours). These CTMs also induce degradation of the ibrutinib-resistant C481S mutant form of BTK in cells and confer loss of viability in BTKC481S mutant TMD8 cells with EC50 values of < 10 nM compared to > 1 µM for ibrutinib. Oral administration of NRX0492 in mice leads to dose-proportional exposure in plasma and BTK degradation in circulating and splenic B cells: at 6 hours after a single oral dose of NRX0492, 11% BTK remained in mouse splenocytes compared to 100% BTK in mice dosed with vehicle (P < 0.0001). In a WT TMD8 xenograft model, NRX0492 treatment resulted in similar tumor growth inhibition (TGI) as compared to ibrutinib over 23 days of daily oral administration: 54.4% TGI for NRX0492 and 55.8% for Ibrutinib, both as compared to placebo (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.0004, respectively). Notably, in a TMD8 BTKC481S xenograft model, NRX0492 demonstrated superior TGI as compared to ibrutinib: 51.3% versus 15.2%, (P = 0.033). Preclinical safety and toxicity studies for BTK CTMs are ongoing to inform plans for clinical development. CTM-mediated degradation of BTK may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for B cell malignancies, particularly in the ibrutinib-resistant setting. Disclosures Kelly: Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Robbins:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Tan:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Tenn-McClellan:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. McIntosh:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Wu:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Konst:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Kato:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Perez:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Tung:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Kolobova:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Ingallinera:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. McKinnell:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Weiss:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Noviski:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Ye:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Peng:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Cardozo:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Mihalic:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Basham:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Rountree:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Karr:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Bence:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Zapf:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment. Sands:Nurix Therapeutics: Employment.
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Konecki, John T., Carol A. Woody, and Thomas P. Quinn. "Critical thermal maxima of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry under field and laboratory acclimation regimes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-117.
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Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from three populations in Washington State were captured in the field and tested for critical thermal maximum (CTM). Tolerances varied among the populations (mean CTMs were 28.21, 29.13, and 29.23 °C) and exceeded published data from some laboratory tests. The population from a relatively cool stream had a lower CTM than the two populations from warmer streams. However, after the salmon had been in the laboratory for 3 months under constant, common temperature regimes, the CTMs no longer differed, indicating that the population-specific differences resulted from different acclimation regimes rather than from genetic adaptation.
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Holmes, C. D., M. J. Prather, O. A. Søvde, and G. Myhre. "Future methane, hydroxyl, and their uncertainties: key climate and emission parameters for future predictions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2013): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-285-2013.
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Abstract. Accurate prediction of future methane abundances following a climate scenario requires understanding the lifetime changes driven by anthropogenic emissions, meteorological factors, and chemistry-climate feedbacks. Uncertainty in any of these influences or the underlying processes implies uncertainty in future abundance and radiative forcing. We simulate methane lifetime in three chemical transport models (CTMs) – UCI CTM, GEOS-Chem, and Oslo CTM3 – over the period 1997–2009 and compare the models' year-to-year variability against constraints from global methyl chloroform observations. Using sensitivity tests, we find that temperature, water vapor, stratospheric ozone column, biomass burning and lightning NOx are the dominant sources of interannual changes in methane lifetime in all three models. We also evaluate each model's response to forcings that have impacts on decadal time scales, such as methane feedback, and anthropogenic emissions. In general, these different CTMs show similar sensitivities to the driving variables. We construct a parametric model that reproduces most of the interannual variability of each CTM and use it to predict methane lifetime from 1980 through 2100 following a specified emissions and climate scenario (RCP 8.5). The parametric model propagates uncertainties through all steps and provides a foundation for predicting methane abundances in any climate scenario. Our sensitivity tests also enable a new estimate of the methane global warming potential (GWP), accounting for stratospheric ozone effects, including those mediated by water vapor. We estimate the 100-yr GWP to be 32, which is 25% larger than past assessments.
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Cantini, Giulia, Letizia Canu, Roberta Armignacco, Francesca Salvianti, Giuseppina De Filpo, Tonino Ercolino, Gabriella Nesi, et al. "Prognostic and Monitoring Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Preliminary Monocentric Study." Cancers 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113176.
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Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare and aggressive neoplasia, presents poor prognosis when metastatic at diagnosis and limited therapies are available. Specific and sensitive markers for early diagnosis and a monitoring system of therapy and tumor evolution are urgently needed. The liquid biopsy represents a source of tumor material within a minimally invasive blood draw that allows the recovery of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs have been recently shown to be detectable in ACC. In the present paper, we evaluated the prognostic value of CTCs obtained by size-filtration in a small pilot cohort of 19 ACC patients. We found CTCs in 68% of pre-surgery and in 38% of post-surgery blood samples. In addition, CTC clusters (CTMs) and cancer associated macrophages (CAMLs) were detectable in some ACC patients. The median number of CTCs significantly decreased after the mass removal. Finally, stratifying patients in high and low pre-surgery CTC number groups, assuming the 75th percentile CTC value as cut-off, CTCs significantly predicted patients’ overall survival (log rank = 0.005), also in a multivariate analysis adjusted for age and tumor stage. In conclusion, though preliminary and performed in a small cohort of patients, our study suggests that CTC number may represent a promising marker for prognosis and disease monitoring in ACC.
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Sakalli, A., and D. Simpson. "Towards the use of dynamic growing seasons in a chemical transport model." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (September 11, 2012): 12137–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-12137-2012.
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Abstract. Chemical transport models (CTMs), used for the prediction of, for example, nitrogen deposition or air quality changes, require estimates of the growing season of plants for a number of reasons. Typically, the growing seasons are defined in a very simplified way in CTMs, using e.g. fixed dates or simple functions. In order to explore the importance of more realistic growing season estimates, we have developed a new and simple method (the “T5” method) for calculating the start of the growing season (SGS) of birch (which we use as a surrogate for deciduous trees), suitable for use in CTMs and other modelling systems. We developed the “T5” method from observations, and here we compare with these and other methodologies, and show that with just two parameters “T5” captures well the spatial variation in SGS across Europe. We use the EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model to illustrate the importance of improved SGS estimates for ozone and two metrics associated with ozone-damage to vegetation. This study shows that although inclusion of more realistic growing seasons has only small effects on annual average concentrations of pollutants such as ozone, the metrics associated with vegetation-risk from ozone are significantly affected. This work demonstrates a strong need to include more realistic treatments of growing seasons in CTMs. The method used here could also be suitable for other types of models which require information on vegetation cover, such as meteorological and regional climate models. In future work, the “T5” and other methods will also be further evaluated for use with agricultural and grassland land-covers, which are important for emissions and deposition of reactive nitrogen compounds.
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Sakalli, A., and D. Simpson. "Towards the use of dynamic growing seasons in a chemical transport model." Biogeosciences 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2012): 5161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5161-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Chemical transport models (CTMs), used for the prediction of, for example, nitrogen deposition or air quality changes, require estimates of the growing season of plants for a number of reasons. Typically, the growing seasons are defined in a very simplified way in CTMs, using fixed dates or simple functions. In order to explore the importance of more realistic growing season estimates, we have developed a new and simple method (the T5 method) for calculating the start of the growing season (SGS) of birch (which we use as a surrogate for deciduous trees), suitable for use in CTMs and other modelling systems. We developed the T5 method from observations, and here we compare with these and other methodologies, and show that with just two parameters T5 captures well the spatial variation in SGS across Europe. We use the EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model to illustrate the importance of improved SGS estimates for ozone and two metrics associated with ozone damage to vegetation. This study shows that although inclusion of more realistic growing seasons has only small effects on annual average concentrations of pollutants such as ozone, the metrics associated with vegetation risk from ozone are significantly affected. This work demonstrates a strong need to include more realistic treatments of growing seasons in CTMs. The method used here could also be suitable for other types of models that require information on vegetation cover, such as meteorological and regional climate models. In future work, the T5 and other methods will be further evaluated for other forest species, as well as for agricultural and grassland land covers, which are important for emissions and deposition of reactive nitrogen compounds.
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Skjøth, C. A., C. Geels, H. Berge, S. Gyldenkærne, H. Fagerli, T. Ellermann, L. M. Frohn, et al. "Spatial and temporal variations in ammonia emissions – a freely accessible model code for Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 20, 2011): 2123–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-2123-2011.
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Abstract. Deriving a parameterisation of ammonia emissions for use in chemistry-transport models (CTMs) is a complex problem as the emission varies locally as a result of local climate and local agricultural management. In current CTMs such factors are generally not taken into account. This paper demonstrates how local climate and local management can be accounted for in CTMs by applying a modular approach for deriving data as input to a dynamic ammonia emission model for Europe. Default data are obtained from information in the RAINS system, and it is demonstrated how this dynamic emission model based on these input data improves the NH3 calculations in a CTM model when the results are compared with calculations obtained by traditional methods in emission handling. It is also shown how input data can be modified over a specific target region resulting in even further improvement in performance over this domain. The model code and the obtained default values for the modelling experiments are available as a Supplement to this article for use by the modelling community on similar terms as the EMEP CTM model: the GPL license v3.
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Skjøth, C. A., C. Geels, H. Berge, S. Gyldenkærne, H. Fagerli, T. Ellermann, L. M. Frohn, et al. "Spatial and temporal variations in ammonia emissions – a freely accessible model code for Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 11 (June 1, 2011): 5221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5221-2011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Deriving a parameterisation of ammonia emissions for use in chemistry-transport models (CTMs) is a complex problem as the emission varies locally as a result of local climate and local agricultural management. In current CTMs such factors are generally not taken into account. This paper demonstrates how local climate and local management can be accounted for in CTMs by applying a modular approach for deriving data as input to a dynamic ammonia emission model for Europe. Default data are obtained from information in the RAINS system, and it is demonstrated how this dynamic emission model based on these input data improves the NH3 calculations in a CTM model when the results are compared with calculations obtained by traditional methods in emission handling. It is also shown how input data can be modified over a specific target region resulting in even further improvement in performance over this domain. The model code and the obtained default values for the modelling experiments are available as supplementary information to this article for use by the modelling community on similar terms as the EMEP CTM model: the GPL licencse v3.
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Eras, J., A. Dolcet, J. Ferran, and R. Canela. "Note. Chlorotrimethylsilane – A Reagent for the Direct Analysis of Fats and Oils in Solid and Paste Samples." Food Science and Technology International 10, no. 2 (April 2004): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013204043975.
Full textAbstract:
Fatty acid pentyl esters (FAPEs) from eight solid and paste samples of various substances – olives, sunflower seeds, semiroasted hazelnuts, infant milk powder, mayonnaise sauce, sausage, muesli and cheese – were directly prepared using chlorotrimethylsilane (CTMS) and pentanol. The pentyl esters were analysed by GLC and the relative percentages were compared with those obtained applying the CTMS method to the oil extracted from the samples. Although significant differences in individual fatty acid compositions were observed in some cases, those differences were randomly distributed. Moreover, applying the minimum least square regression method the two sets of results might be considered statistically equivalent. Thus, calculated slope and intercept did not differ significantly from 1 and 0.
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Gansler, T., K. Sharpe, C. Demler, and H. Eyre. "American Cancer Society (ACS) clinical trial matching service (CTMS)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 18501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.18501.
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18501 Background: The low prevalence of clinical trial participation limits progress in clinical research and practice. ACS assists individuals in finding trials appropriate to their medical and personal situation. Methods: The ACS call center and website provide access to a comprehensive cancer clinical trial database and matching software platform licensed from EmergingMed. This report outlines characteristics and outcomes of constituents who met initial eligibility criteria and requested further information for at least one trial after entering data on their diagnosis and prior treatment. Results: Among 4525 CTMS constituents during 2004–5, 58% were patients, 40% were their relatives and 2% were friends. 62% entered data via the call center, the rest used www.cancer.org (although for quality assurance reasons, all must speak with a call center specialist before receiving trial site contact information). They requested protocols for a median of 6 trials (range 1 to 75); most often requesting information on trials for lung cancer (16.4%), breast cancer (11.4%), colorectal cancer (7.3%), prostate cancer (7.0%), and melanoma (5.2%). Likelihood of trial enrollment varied by cancer type (χ2, p < 0.0001) and was highest with kidney cancer (10.7%), melanoma (7.8%), multiple myeloma (4.4%), head & neck cancer (4.4%), and leukemia (3.8%). We studied several common cancer types in greater detail. For example, in analysis of data from 2004, non-small cell lung cancer patients requesting trial information had more advanced disease than typical patients in the National Cancer Database (χ2, p < 0.001). Enrollment rates for patients with stage I-IIIA and IIIB-IV were 0% and 3.7% (NS), respectively; rates for those with ECOG performance 0–1 and >1 were 4.8% and 0.0% (χ2, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The ACS CTMS can substantially augment participation in clinical trials among patients not recruited into trials by their oncologists. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Mateus, Tauyra, Rômulo Augusto Da Costa Chaves, Ana Lúcia De Oliveira Bonfá, Janaína Cristina De Freitas Alvarenga, Viviann Ruocco Vetucci, Ana Cláudia Fernandes Ballan, Luís Henrique Montrezor, and Ana Paula De Souza Faloni. "Avaliação da diferenciação osteoblástica de células-tronco mesenquimais de ratos tratados cronicamente com bifosfonatos." Revista Brasileira Multidisciplinar 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25061/2527-2675/rebram/2019.v22i3.728.
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Apesar dos bifosfonatos (BPs), fármacos antirreabsortivos, atuarem principalmente nos osteoclastos, a ação desses medicamentos em osteoblastos tem sido demonstrada em experimentos in vitro. Porém, na maioria desses experimentos, há exposição das culturas de osteoblastos aos BPs. Na presente investigação, foram avaliados osteoblastos diferenciados a partir de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) de ratos tratados in vivo com alendronato de sódio (ALE: 1mg/ml/kg/semana), ácido zoledrônico (ZOL: 0,3mg/ml/kg/semana) ou solução salina (VEH: 0,009mg/ml/kg/semana) durante 13 semanas. As CTMs da medula óssea dos fêmures direitos dos animais foram cultivadas em meio osteogênico, na densidade de 5.000 células/200μl/poço. Após 21 dias de cultura, osteoblastos foram avaliados quanto à viabilidade celular e à formação de matriz mineralizada. Foram observadas viabilidades celulares semelhantes nos grupos BPs (ALE e ZOL) e superiores ao controle (VEH). Quanto à formação da matriz mineralizada, houve maior mineralização no grupo ZOL em relação ao grupo ALE, sendo ambas inferiores ao observado no grupo VEH. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a exposição in vivo das CTMs ao ALE e ao ZOL influenciou a atividade dos osteoblastos in vitro. Ambos os medicamentos utilizados são BPs nitrogenados; contudo, na dose empregada, o ALE afetou mais significativamente a formação de matriz mineralizada.
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Muñoz, Dulce M., Angel E. Lozano, José G. De La Campa, and Javier De Abajo. "Monomer Reactivity and Steric Factors affecting the Synthesis of Aromatic Polyamides." High Performance Polymers 19, no. 5-6 (October 2007): 592–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008307081201.
Full textAbstract:
A series of aromatic polyamides were synthesized by activation of aromatic diamines through a newly improved synthetic method. The polymers described herein were prepared by direct polycon-densation of isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) with silylated aromatic diamines prepared in situ by addition of chloro(trimethyl)silane (CTMS). Moreover, the same polycondensation reaction was carried out in a medium containing pyridine, to investigate the effect of the base as a promoter. The reactions were studied for diamines of different reactivity to demonstrate the feasibility of this synthetic method in polycondensation reactions. An interesting behavior was observed for sterically hindered, and therefore less reactive diamine, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-dimethylaniline). The two activation methods here employed afforded readily polyamides having an inherent viscosity of 2.54 dL g-1 for the most reactive diamine (1a), when CTMS was used as the activating agent, and polyamides having an inherent viscosity of 0.65 dL g-1 for the sterically hindered diamine (1e), using the pair CTMS/Py as the activating agent. The experimental work was supported by calculations of the electronic parameters of the aromatic diamines, using quantum mechanical methods (DFT). Overall, this highly efficient one-pot method provides advantages through an easy handling and simple procedure.
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Chellaswamy, C., T. S. Geetha, M. Surya Bhupal Rao, and A. Vanathi. "Optimized Railway Track Condition Monitoring and Derailment Prevention System Supported by Cloud Technology." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2675, no. 4 (March 15, 2021): 346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120980438.
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This paper describes an easy way to monitor railway track abnormalities and update information on the track’s status to the cloud. Abnormalities present in railway tracks should be identified promptly and rectified to ensure safe and smooth travel. In this paper, a cloud-based track monitoring system (CTMS) is proposed for the monitoring of track conditions. The micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers which are mounted in the axle are used to measure the railway track abnormality. The measured signal is optimized using the flower pollination optimization algorithm (FPOA). Because of signaling problems in the global positioning system (GPS), it is difficult to estimate the exact location of the abnormality in real time. A new method is introduced to overcome this problem. It provides the location of an abnormality even when the GPS signal is absent. The performance of the CTMS is compared with three different speed scenarios of the vehicle. The information about the abnormality on the track can be shared with other trains that pass through the same location so that the driver can reduce speed in that location to avoid derailment. Finally, an experimental setup was developed and the performance of CTMS is studied under four different irregularity cases.
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Malard, Patricia Furtado, Mauricio Antônio Silva Peixer, Lucas Rodrigues Santana, Bruno Stéfano Lima Dallago, Michele Milistetd, Luis Mauro Queiroz, and Hilana dos Santos Sena Brunel. "Avaliação da terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais halógenas em doença renal crônica de cães e gatos." Pubvet 14, no. 11 (November 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v14n11a700.1-8.
Full textAbstract:
A doença renal crônica (DRC), enfermidade caracterizada pela inflamação túbulo-intersticial, atrofia tubular e fi-brose intersticial com perda progressiva da função renal, tem se tornado uma afecção relativamente comum em cães e gatos. Devido ao fato de o transplante renal ainda não ser uma opção viável na medicina veterinária, surgi-ram estudos para avaliar a possibilidade de tratamento de DRC com células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs), em ra-zão dos efeitos anti-inflamatórios, anti-oxidantes, anti-fibróticos e imunomoduladores que essas células possuem. Onze pacientes portadores de DRC (6 cães e 5 gatos) foram avaliados e submetidos à terapia com CTMs halógenas. Todos os 5 gatos e 4 dos 6 cães tiveram diminuição nas taxas de creatinina sérica após o transplante de células, indicando que houve diminuição significativa para a creatinina em cães (p=0.0238). Houve, também, considerável diminuição na frequência de vômitos (p<0.05) e aumento no apetite (p<0.05) dos animais que receberam a terapia com células, de acordo com a percepção dos tutores. Esses resultados sugerem que a terapia com CTMs pode ser avaliada como uma alternativa para os animais portadores de DRC. Novos estudos devem ser realizados, com acompanhamento por maior espaço de tempo afim de estabelecer a melhor concentração de células e o número ideal de aplicações para estabilização dos pacientes portadores de DRC.
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Son, Keunbada, Wan-Sun Lee, and Kyu-Bok Lee. "Effect of Different Software Programs on the Accuracy of Dental Scanner Using Three-Dimensional Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168449.
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This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the 3D analysis for complete arch, half arch, and tooth preparation region by using four analysis software programs. The CAD reference model (CRM; N = 1 per region) and CAD test models (CTMs; N = 20 per software) of complete arch, half arch, and tooth preparation were obtained by using scanners. For both CRM and CTMs, mesh data other than the same area were deleted. For 3D analysis, four analysis software programs (Geomagic control X, GOM Inspect, Cloudcompare, and Materialise 3-matic) were used in the alignment of CRM and CTMs as well as in the 3D comparison. Root mean square (RMS) was regarded as the result of the 3D comparison. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference tests were performed for statistical comparison of four analysis software programs (α = 0.05). In half-arch and tooth preparation region, the four analysis software programs showed a significant difference in RMS values (p < 0.001), but in complete-arch region, no significant difference was found among the four software programs (p = 0.139). As the area of the virtual cast for 3D analysis becomes smaller, variable results are obtained depending on the software program used, and the difference in results among software programs are not considered in the 3D analysis for complete-arch region.
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van der Schans, Marc, Joan Yu, and Genevieve Martin. "Digital Luminaire Design Using LED Digital Twins—Accuracy and Reduced Computation Time: A Delphi4LED Methodology." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 4979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184979.
Full textAbstract:
Light-emitting diode (LED) digital twins enable the implementation of fast digital design flows for LED-based products as the lighting industry moves towards Industry 4.0. The LED digital twin developed in the European project Delphi4LED mimics the thermal-electrical-optical behavior of a physical LED. It consists of two parts: a package-level LED compact thermal model (CTM), coupled to a chip-level multi-domain model. In this paper, the accuracy and computation time reductions achieved by using LED CTMs, compared to LED detailed thermal models, in 3D system-level models with a large number of LEDs are investigated. This is done up to luminaire-level, where all heat transfer mechanisms are accounted for, and up to 60 LEDs. First, we characterize a physical phosphor-converted white high-power LED and apply LED-level modelling to produce an LED detailed model and an LED CTM following the Delphi4LED methodology. It is shown that the steady-state junction temperature errors of the LED CTM, compared to the detailed model, are smaller than 2% on LED-level. To assess the accuracy and the reduction of computation time that can be realized in a 3D system-level model with a large number of LEDs, two use cases are considered: (1) an LED module-level model, and (2) an LED luminaire-level model. In the LED module-level model, the LED CTMs predict junction temperatures within about 6% of the LED detailed models, and reduce the calculation time by up to nearly a factor 13. In the LED luminaire-level model, the LED CTMs predict junctions temperatures within about 1% of LED detailed models and reduce the calculation time by about a factor of 4. This shows that the achievable computation time reduction depends on the complexity of the 3D model environment. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that using LED CTMs has the potential to significantly decrease computation times in 3D system-level models with large numbers of LEDs, while maintaining junction temperature accuracy.
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Abel, Mary Kathryn, Michelle E. Melisko, Hope S. Rugo, Amy Jo Chien, Italia Diaz, Julia K. Levine, Ann Griffin, et al. "Decreased enrollment of patients with advanced lobular breast cancer compared to ductal breast cancer in interventional clinical trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1092.
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1092 Background: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria are often used to measure tumor response in cancer trials, especially in the stage IV setting. However, RECIST requires measurable disease, which is less common in invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) of the breast, a diffusely growing tumor type, compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We examined the prevalence of RECIST in breast cancer clinical trials, and whether there are differential trial enrollment rates by histology and stage. Methods: We analyzed the clinicaltrials.gov database to evaluate the proportion of interventional, stage IV clinical trials that require measurable disease as inclusion criteria or outcome measures. We then performed an institutional cohort study comparing the proportion of patients in the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) OnCore clinical trials management system (CTMS) to the UCSF Cancer Registry between 2000-2018, stratified by histology and stage. We hypothesized that the proportion of patients with ILC in the CTMS would be significantly lower than in the cancer registry. Results: There were 146 actively-recruiting, interventional clinical trials for stage IV breast cancer that were identified in our search on clinicaltrials.gov. Overall, 108 (74%) required measurable disease for study participation. The UCSF Cancer Registry included 8,679 patients, while the UCSF OnCore CTMS included 1,511 patients (Table). In those with early stage disease, where RECIST is not typically used, there was no difference in the proportion of ILC patients enrolled in clinical trials versus in the cancer registry. However, among those with stage IV disease, there was a significantly lower proportion of patients with ILC in the CTMS than in the cancer registry (9.2% versus 17.9%, p = 0.005). In contrast, patients with stage IV IDC were overrepresented in the clinical trials database compared to the cancer registry. Conclusions: Patients with metastatic ILC were significantly less likely to be enrolled in clinical trials than those with metastatic IDC. This decreased enrollment may be due to the widespread use of RECIST, and further investigation is needed to ensure equity in access to clinical trials.[Table: see text]
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Flemming, J., A. Inness, H. Flentje, V. Huijnen, P. Moinat, M. G. Schultz, and O. Stein. "Coupling global chemistry transport models to ECMWF's integrated forecast system." Geoscientific Model Development 2, no. 2 (December 8, 2009): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2-253-2009.
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Abstract. The implementation and application of a newly developed coupled system combining ECMWF's integrated forecast system (IFS) with global chemical transport models (CTMs) is presented. The main objective of the coupled system is to enable the IFS to simulate key chemical species without the necessity to invert the complex source and sink processes such as chemical reactions, emission and deposition. Thus satellite observations of atmospheric composition can be assimilated into the IFS using its 4D-VAR algorithm. In the coupled system, the IFS simulates only the transport of chemical species. The coupled CTM provides to the IFS the concentration tendencies due to emission injection, deposition and chemical conversion. The CTMs maintain their own transport schemes and are fed with meteorological data at hourly resolution from the IFS. The CTM used in the coupled system can be either MOZART-3, TM5 or MOCAGE. The coupling is achieved via the special-purpose software OASIS4. The scientific integrity of the coupled system is proven by analysing the difference between stand-alone CTM simulations and the tracer fields in the coupled IFS. The IFS concentration fields match the CTM fields for about 48 h with the biggest differences occurring in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The coupled system is a good test bed for process-oriented comparison of the coupled CTM. As an example, the vertical structure of chemical conversion and emission injection is studied for a ten day period over Central Europe for the three CTMs.
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Flemming, J., A. Inness, H. Flentje, V. Huijnen, P. Moinat, M. G. Schultz, and O. Stein. "Coupling global chemistry transport models to ECMWF's integrated forecast system." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 2, no. 2 (July 7, 2009): 763–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-2-763-2009.
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Abstract. The implementation and application of a newly developed coupled system combining ECMWF's integrated forecast system (IFS) with global chemical transport models (CTMs) is presented. The main objective of the coupled system is to enable the IFS to simulate key chemical species without the necessity to invert the complex source and sink processes such as chemical reactions, emission and deposition. Thus satellite observations of atmospheric composition can be assimilated into the IFS using its 4D-VAR algorithm. In the coupled system, the IFS simulates only the transport of chemical species. The coupled CTM provides to the IFS the concentration tendencies due to emission injection, deposition and chemical conversion. The CTMs maintain their own transport schemes and are fed with meteorological data at hourly resolution from the IFS. The CTM used in the coupled system can be either MOZART-3, TM5 or MOCAGE. The coupling is achieved via the special-purpose OASIS4 software. The scientific integrity of the coupled system is proven by analysing the difference between stand-alone CTM simulations and the tracer fields in the coupled IFS. The IFS concentration fields match the CTM fields for about 48 h with the biggest differences occurring in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The coupled system is a good test bed for process-oriented comparison of the coupled CTM. As an example, the vertical structure of chemical conversion and emission injection is studied for a ten day period over Central Europe for the three CTMs.
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Balderrama, Ísis de Fátima, Rafael Ferreira, Moira Pedroso Leão, and Elcio Marcantonio-Júnior. "Aplicabilidade clínica das células-tronco mesenquimais indiferenciadas do tecido adiposo para cirurgias de regeneração óssea de maxila e mandíbula atrófica." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): e48810616023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15900.
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Objetivo: Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo realizar uma busca estratégica de artigos científicos sobre a aplicabilidade das células-tronco do tecido adiposo associado aos enxertos em cirurgias de regeneração óssea em maxila e mandíbula atrófica. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma estratégia de busca em quatro bases de dados (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science e Cochrane Library) por meio do cruzamento de diferentes descritores de acordo com a estratégia PICO. Resultados: Foram recuperados 206 artigos, porém, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão desta revisão, um total de 9 artigos foram selecionados para uma análise crítica e analítica. Os resultados dos artigos desta revisão demonstraram que para a obtenção das células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) do tecido adiposo, pode ser coletada através do tecido abdominal (TA) ou pela bola de Bichat (BB). Estudos que realizaram a caracterização das células presentes no tecido adiposo, resultam em expressão de marcadores de células mesenquimais. Para a transplantação em abordagem clínica, as cirurgias de levantamento de seio maxilar, regeneração óssea em pré-maxila e mandíbula atrófica, assim como fratura de côndilo, demonstraram bons resultados quando as CTMs ou com a fração vascular estromal (FVE) foram associados com enxerto autógeno, xenógeno ou aloplástico. Conclusão: Apesar da limitada evidência científica, a abordagem celular com FVE e as CTMs derivadas do TA ou BB demonstram ser seguras e eficazes quando associadas com enxerto autógeno, sintético, alógeno ou xenógeno, favorecendo o potencial osteogênico nas cirurgias de regeneração óssea.
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Jayakrishnan, R., K. P. Vijayakumar, and N. V. Unnikrishnan. "National Seminar on Current Trends in Materials Science (CTMS-2011)." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 43 (May 24, 2013): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/43/1/011001.
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Hoga, Yannick. "Extreme Conditional Tail Moment Estimation under Serial Dependence." Journal of Financial Econometrics 17, no. 4 (July 25, 2018): 587–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjfinec/nby016.
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Abstract A wide range of risk measures can be written as functions of conditional tail moments (CTMs) and value-at-risk (VaR), for instance the expected shortfall (ES). In this paper, we derive joint central limit theory for semi-parametric estimates of CTMs, including in particular ES, at arbitrarily small risk levels. We also derive confidence corridors for VaR at different levels far out in the tail, which allows for simultaneous inference. We work under a semi-parametric Pareto-type assumption on the distributional tail of the observations and only require an extremal-near epoch dependence assumption on the serial dependence. In simulations, our semi-parametric ES estimate is often shown to be more accurate in terms of mean absolute deviation than extant non- and semi-parametric estimates. An empirical application to the extreme swings in Volkswagen log-returns during the failed takeover attempt by Porsche illustrates the proposed methods.
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Petetin, H., M. Beekmann, J. Sciare, M. Bressi, A. Rosso, O. Sanchez, and V. Ghersi. "A novel model evaluation approach focussing on local and advected contributions to urban PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels – application to Paris, France." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 4 (December 5, 2013): 6391–457. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-6391-2013.
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Abstract. Aerosol simulations in chemistry transport models (CTMs) still suffer from numerous uncertainties, and diagnostic evaluations are required to point out major error sources. This paper presents an original approach to evaluate CTMs based on local and imported contributions in a large megacity rather than urban background concentrations. The study is applied to the CHIMERE model in the Paris region (France) and considers the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its main chemical constituents (elemental and organic carbon, nitrate, sulfate and ammonium), for which daily measurements are available during a whole year at various stations (PARTICULES project). Back-trajectory data are used to locate the upwind station, from which the concentration is identified as the import, the local production being deduced from the urban concentration by subtraction. Uncertainties on these contributions are quantified. Small biases in urban background PM2.5 simulations (bias of +16%) hide significant error compensations between local and advected contributions, as well as in PM2.5 chemical compounds. In particular, wintertime OM imports appear strongly underestimated while local OM and EC production are overestimated all along the year. Erroneous continental woodburning emissions and missing SOA pathways may explain errors on advected OM, while carbonaceous compounds overestimation is likely to be related to errors in emissions and dynamics. A statistically significant local formation of nitrate is also highlighted from observations, but missed by the model. Together with the overestimation of nitrate imports, it leads to a bias of +51% on the local PM2.5 contribution. Such an evaluation finally gives more detailed insights on major gaps in current CTMs on which future efforts are needed.
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Li, M., Q. Zhang, D. G. Streets, K. B. He, Y. F. Cheng, L. K. Emmons, H. Huo, et al. "Mapping Asian anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds to multiple chemical mechanisms." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 12 (December 11, 2013): 32649–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-32649-2013.
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Abstract. An accurate speciation mapping of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions has an important impact on the performance of chemical transport models (CTMs) in simulating ozone mixing ratios and secondary organic aerosols. In this work, we developed an improved speciation framework to generate model-ready anthropogenic Asian NMVOC emissions for various gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in CTMs by using an explicit assignment approach and updated NMVOC profiles, based on the total NMVOC emissions in the INTEX-B Asian inventory for the year 2006. NMVOC profiles were selected and aggregated from a wide range of new measurements and the SPECIATE database. To reduce potential uncertainty from individual measurements, composite profiles were developed by grouping and averaging source profiles from the same category. The fractions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC) were corrected during the compositing process for those profiles which used improper sampling and analyzing methods. Emissions of individual species were then lumped into species in different chemical mechanisms used in CTMs by applying mechanism-dependent species mapping tables, which overcomes the weakness of inaccurate mapping in previous studies. Gridded emissions for eight chemical mechanisms are developed at 30 min × 30 min resolution using various spatial proxies and are provided through the website: http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006. Emission estimates for individual NMVOC species differ between one and three orders of magnitude for some species when different sets of profiles are used, indicating that source profile is the most important source of uncertainties of individual species emissions. However, those differences are diminished in lumped species as a result of the lumping in the chemical mechanisms.
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Petetin, H., M. Beekmann, J. Sciare, M. Bressi, A. Rosso, O. Sanchez, and V. Ghersi. "A novel model evaluation approach focusing on local and advected contributions to urban PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels – application to Paris, France." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 4 (July 18, 2014): 1483–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1483-2014.
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Abstract. Aerosol simulations in chemistry transport models (CTMs) still suffer from numerous uncertainties, and diagnostic evaluations are required to point out major error sources. This paper presents an original approach to evaluate CTMs based on local and imported contributions in a large megacity rather than urban background concentrations. The study is applied to the CHIMERE model in the Paris region (France) and considers the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its main chemical constituents (elemental and organic carbon, nitrate, sulfate and ammonium), for which daily measurements are available during a whole year at various stations (PARTICULES project). Back-trajectory data are used to locate the upwind station, from which the concentration is identified as the import, the local production being deduced from the urban concentration by subtraction. Uncertainties on these contributions are quantified. Small biases in urban background PM2.5 simulations (bias of +16%) hide significant error compensations between local and advected contributions, as well as in PM2.5 chemical compounds. In particular, winter time organic matter (OM) imports appear strongly underestimated while local OM and elemental carbon (EC) production is overestimated all along the year. Erroneous continental wood burning emissions and missing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) pathways may explain errors on advected OM, while the carbonaceous compounds is likely to be related to errors in emissions and dynamics. A statistically significant local formation of nitrate is also highlighted from observations, but missed by the model. Together with the overestimation of nitrate imports, it leads to a bias of +51% on the local PM2.5 contribution. Such an evaluation finally gives more detailed insights on major gaps in current CTMs on which future efforts are needed.
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Li, M., Q. Zhang, D. G. Streets, K. B. He, Y. F. Cheng, L. K. Emmons, H. Huo, et al. "Mapping Asian anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds to multiple chemical mechanisms." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 11 (June 5, 2014): 5617–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5617-2014.
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Abstract. An accurate speciation mapping of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions has an important impact on the performance of chemical transport models (CTMs) in simulating ozone mixing ratios and secondary organic aerosols. Taking the INTEX-B Asian NMVOC emission inventory as the case, we developed an improved speciation framework to generate model-ready anthropogenic NMVOC emissions for various gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in CTMs in this work, by using an explicit assignment approach and updated NMVOC profiles. NMVOC profiles were selected and aggregated from a wide range of new measurements and the SPECIATE database v.4.2. To reduce potential uncertainty from individual measurements, composite profiles were developed by grouping and averaging source profiles from the same category. The fractions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC) were corrected during the compositing process for those profiles which used improper sampling and analyzing methods. Emissions of individual species were then lumped into species in different chemical mechanisms used in CTMs by applying mechanism-dependent species mapping tables, which overcomes the weakness of inaccurate mapping in previous studies. Emission estimates for individual NMVOC species differ between one and three orders of magnitude for some species when different sets of profiles are used, indicating that source profile is the most important source of uncertainties of individual species emissions. However, those differences are diminished in lumped species as a result of the lumping in the chemical mechanisms. Gridded emissions for eight chemical mechanisms at 30 min × 30 min resolution as well as the auxiliary data are available at http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006. The framework proposed in this work can be also used to develop speciated NMVOC emissions for other regions.
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Smith, J., and M. Southerden. "UK court holds that advertising took unfair advantage of competitor's CTMs." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 6, no. 1 (December 27, 2010): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpq163.
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De Vita, Bruna, Loreta L. Campos, Amanda J. Listoni, Leandro Maia, Mateus J. Sudano, Bruna R. Curcio, Fernanda C. Landim-Alvarenga, and Nereu C. Prestes. "Isolamento, caracterização e diferenciação de células-tronco mesenquimais do líquido amniótico equino obtido em diferentes idades gestacionais." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 4 (April 2013): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013000400019.
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O interesse nas pesquisas com células-tronco derivadas de anexos fetais de diversas espécies cresceu exponencialmente nas últimas décadas em virtude de serem fontes de células-tronco adultas com potencial de diferenciação em diversas linhagens celulares que apresentam pouca ou nenhuma imunogenicidade, apresentando-se assim como alternativa de grande importância para a formação de bancos celulares. Apesar do crescente interesse, os estudos para espécie equina ainda são escassos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar, caracterizar e diferenciar células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas do líquido amniótico equino obtidas do terço inicial, médio e final da gestação (LA-CTMs), comparando suas características. Foram colhidas 23 amostras de líquido amniótico as quais foram submetidas às análises morfológica, imunocitoquímica, imunofenotípica por citometria de fluxo e às diferenciações osteogênica, adipogênica e condrogênica in vitro. Todas as amostras demonstraram adesão ao plástico e morfologia fibroblastóide. No ensaio imunocitoquímico as células de todos os grupos foram imunomarcadas para CD44, PCNA e vimentina com ausência de marcação para citoqueratina e Oct-4. Na citometria de fluxo observou-se a expressão de CD44 e CD90 e ausência de expressão de CD34, sendo que os marcadores CD44 e CD90 mostraram padrão de expressão decrescente em relação ao desenvolvimento gestacional. As amostras obtidas de todas as fases da gestação foram capazes de diferenciação nas linhagens osteogênica, condrogênica e adipogênica. Portanto, as células obtidas do líquido amniótico apresentaram características morfológicas, imunofenotípicas e potencial de diferenciação típicos das CTMs, demonstrando que a colheita pode ser realizada em qualquer fase gestacional. No entanto, mais pesquisas devem ser realizadas principalmente quanto à expressão de marcadores de pluripotencialidade (como o Oct-4) e ao seu potencial de diferenciação em linhagens extra mesodermais já relatados na literatura.
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Abdul Kadir, Evizal, Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin, Detri Karya, and Sri Listia Rosa. "New Algorithm for Fast Processing RFID System in Container Terminal." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i1.8254.
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The growth of world economic and increasing of trading in most of countries has impact to the number of containers export and import between countries. Some of container terminal is very busy to handle high volume of container movement. Conventional operational procedures have difficulties to handle containers movement then make slow and some issues in terminal operation for container clearance. This paper discus on proposing new algorithm to the current container terminal management system used RFID technology for fast processing and clearance. Container Terminal Management System (CTMS) is a system for port management and interface to the RFID system that used to identify container e-seal, truck and driver identity. Lack of communication and interfacing protocol made slow response during request or reply of message to the gate operator. Proposed algorithm with new procedure of request to CTMS made faster response and avoid inaccuracy of detecting container e-seal. Results of implementation new algorithm have improved to the productivity and efficiency of container terminal. Testing and implementation of this proposed system conducted in a private container terminal in Malaysia.
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Abdul Kadir, Evizal, Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin, Detri Karya, and Sri Listia Rosa. "New Algorithm for Fast Processing RFID System in Container Terminal." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i1.pp283-291.
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The growth of world economic and increasing of trading in most of countries has impact to the number of containers export and import between countries. Some of container terminal is very busy to handle high volume of container movement. Conventional operational procedures have difficulties to handle containers movement then make slow and some issues in terminal operation for container clearance. This paper discus on proposing new algorithm to the current container terminal management system used RFID technology for fast processing and clearance. Container Terminal Management System (CTMS) is a system for port management and interface to the RFID system that used to identify container e-seal, truck and driver identity. Lack of communication and interfacing protocol made slow response during request or reply of message to the gate operator. Proposed algorithm with new procedure of request to CTMS made faster response and avoid inaccuracy of detecting container e-seal. Results of implementation new algorithm have improved to the productivity and efficiency of container terminal. Testing and implementation of this proposed system conducted in a private container terminal in Malaysia.