Journal articles on the topic 'CSP modelling framework'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: CSP modelling framework.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'CSP modelling framework.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Cai, Qian, Weiqiang Gong, Yue Deng, and Haixian Wang. "Single-Trial EEG Classification via Common Spatial Patterns with Mixed Lp- and Lq-Norms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 3, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6645322.
Full textAbstract:
As a multichannel spatial filtering technique, common spatial patterns (CSP) have been successfully applied in brain-computer interfaces (BCI) community based on electroencephalogram (EEG). However, it is sensitive to outliers because of the employment of the L2-norm in its formulation. It is beneficial to perform robust modelling for CSP. In this paper, we propose a robust framework, called CSP-Lp/q, by formulating the variances of two EEG classes with Lp- and Lq-norms ( 0 < p and q < 2 ) separately. The method CSP-Lp/q with mixed Lp- and Lq-norms takes the class-wise difference into account in formulating the sample dispersion. We develop an iterative algorithm to optimize the objective function of CSP-Lp/q and show its monotonity theoretically. The superiority of the proposed CSP-Lp/q technique is experimentally demonstrated on three real EEG datasets of BCI competitions.
2
Phalp, Keith Thomas. "The CAP framework for business process modelling." Information and Software Technology 40, no. 13 (November 1998): 731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(98)00058-5.
Full text
3
Ivkić, Igor, Patrizia Sailer, Antonios Gouglidis, Andreas Mauthe, and Markus Tauber. "A Security Cost Modelling Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems." ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 22, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3450752.
Full textAbstract:
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are formed through interconnected components capable of computation, communication, sensing and changing the physical world. The development of these systems poses a significant challenge, since they have to be designed in a way to ensure cyber-security without impacting their performance. This article presents the Security Cost Modelling Framework (SCMF) and shows supported by an experimental study how it can be used to measure, normalise, and aggregate the overall performance of a CPS. Unlike previous studies, our approach uses different metrics to measure the overall performance of a CPS and provides a methodology for normalising the measurement results of different units to a common Cost Unit . Moreover, we show how the Security Costs can be extracted from the overall performance measurements, which allows us to quantify the overhead imposed by performing security-related tasks. Furthermore, we describe the architecture of our experimental testbed and demonstrate the applicability of SCMF in an experimental study. Our results show that measuring the overall performance and extracting the security costs using SCMF can serve as basis to redesign interactions to achieve the same overall goal at less costs.
4
Alharbi, Yassir, Daniel Arribas-Bel, and Frans Coenen. "Sustainable Development Goal Relational Modelling and Prediction." Journal of Data Intelligence 2, no. 3 (September 2021): 348–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/jdi2.3-3.
Full textAbstract:
A methodology for UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) attainment prediction is presented, the Sustainable Development Goals Correlation Attainment Predictions Extended framework SDG-CAP-EXT. Unlike previous SDG attainment methodologies, SDG-CAP-EXT takes into account the potential for a causal relationship between SDG indicators both with respect to the geographic entity under consideration (intra-entity) and neighbouring geographic entities to the current entity (inter-entity). The challenge is in the discovery of such causal relationships. A ensemble approach is presented that combines the results of a number of alternative causality relationship identification mechanisms. The identified relationships are used to build multi-variate time series prediction models that feed into a bottom-up SDG prediction taxonomy, which is used to make SDG attainment predictions and rank countries using a proposed Attainment Likelihood Index that reflects the likelihood of goal attainment. The framework is fully described and evaluated. The evaluation demonstrates that the SDG-CAP-EXT framework can produce better predictions than alternative models that do not consider the potential for intra- and inter-causal relationships.
5
Ahmed, M. Daud, and David Sundaram. "A Framework for Sustainability Modelling and Reporting." International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review 3, no. 2 (2007): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/cgp/v03i02/54348.
Full text
6
Ramachandran, Muthu. "SEF4CPSIoT Software Engineering Framework for Cyber-Physical and IoT Systems." International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 5, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.2021010101.
Full textAbstract:
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) have emerged to address the need for more efficient integration of modern advancement in cyber and wireless communications technologies such as 5G with physical objects. In addition, CPSs systems also needed to efficient control of security and privacy when we compare them with internet of things (IoT). In recent years, we experienced lack of security concerns with smart home IoT applications such as home security camera, etc. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic software engineering framework for CPS and IoT systems. This paper also proposed a comprehensive requirements engineering framework for CPS-IoT applications which can also be specified using BPMN modelling and simulation to verify and validate CPS-IoT requirements with smart contracts. In this context, one of the key contribution of this paper is the innovative and generic requirements classification model for CPS-IoT application services, and this can also be applied to other emerging technologies such as fog, edge, cloud, and blockchain computing.
7
Thule, Casper, Kenneth Lausdahl, Cláudio Gomes, Gerd Meisl, and Peter Gorm Larsen. "Maestro: The INTO-CPS co-simulation framework." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 92 (April 2019): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2018.12.005.
Full text
8
Hussein, N., and N. M. Nor. "Proposed approach for modelling of military capabilities using based planning (CBP) framework." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 9, no. 3S (January 23, 2018): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i3s.40.
Full text
9
Leitch, Michael, Yishak Yusuf, and Yongsheng Ma. "Interdisciplinary semantic model for managing the design of a steam-assisted gravity drainage tooling system." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 5, no. 1 (November 13, 2017): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2017.11.004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Complex engineering systems often require extensive coordination between different expert areas in order to avoid costly design iterations and rework. Cyber-physics system (CPS) engineering methods could provide valuable insights to help model these interactions and optimize the design of such systems. In this work, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), a complex oil extraction process that requires deep understanding of several physical-chemical phenomena, is examined whereby the complexities and interdependencies of the system are explored. Based on an established unified feature modeling scheme, a software modeling framework is proposed to manage the design process of the production tools used for SAGD oil extraction. Applying CPS methods to unify complex phenomenon and engineering models, the proposed CPS model combines effective simulation with embedded knowledge of completion tooling design in order to optimize reservoir performance. The system design is expressed using graphical diagrams of the unified modelling language (UML) convention. To demonstrate the capability of this system, a distributed research group is described, and their activities coordinated using the described CPS model. Highlights A modelling framework is proposed to manage interaction between engineering systems. Phenomenon feature concept is introduced to facilitate knowledge representation. Model framework is extensible and facilitates interoperability. Steam assisted gravity drainage oil extraction process is modelled.
10
Baba, Takamichi, Takayuki Kanemori, and Yoshiyuki Ninomiya. "A $C_p$ criterion for semiparametric causal inference." Biometrika 104, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 845–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asx054.
Full textAbstract:
Summary For marginal structural models, which play an important role in causal inference, we consider a model selection problem within a semiparametric framework using inverse-probability-weighted estimation or doubly robust estimation. In this framework, the modelling target is a potential outcome that may be missing, so there is no classical information criterion. We define a mean squared error for treating the potential outcome and derive an asymptotic unbiased estimator as a $C_{p}$ criterion using an ignorable treatment assignment condition. Simulation shows that the proposed criterion outperforms a conventional one by providing smaller squared errors and higher frequencies of selecting the true model in all the settings considered. Moreover, in a real-data analysis we found a clear difference between the two criteria.
11
Bhardwaj, Jyotirmoy, Karunesh K. Gupta, and Rajiv Gupta. "Towards a cyber-physical era: soft computing framework based multi-sensor array for water quality monitoring." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 11, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-11-9-2018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. New concepts and techniques are replacing traditional methods of water quality parameter measurement systems. This paper introduces a cyber-physical system (CPS) approach for water quality assessment in a distribution network. Cyber-physical systems with embedded sensors, processors and actuators can be designed to sense and interact with the water environment. The proposed CPS is comprised of sensing framework integrated with five different water quality parameter sensor nodes and soft computing framework for computational modelling. Soft computing framework utilizes the applications of Python for user interface and fuzzy sciences for decision making. Introduction of multiple sensors in a water distribution network generates a huge number of data matrices, which are sometimes highly complex, difficult to understand and convoluted for effective decision making. Therefore, the proposed system framework also intends to simplify the complexity of obtained sensor data matrices and to support decision making for water engineers through a soft computing framework. The target of this proposed research is to provide a simple and efficient method to identify and detect presence of contamination in a water distribution network using applications of CPS.
12
Rudak, B., and J. Dyks. "Modelling X-ray and Gamma-ray Emission from Pulsars." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 214 (2003): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900194379.
Full textAbstract:
Lightcurves and broadband energy spectra of the brightest X/γ-ray sources among the rotation powered pulsars exhibit unexpected richness of features, making each object almost a unique case. This contribution presents how our models of high-energy radiation within the framework of SCLF (space charge limited flow) polar-cap scenarios tackle with some of these challenges.
13
Konstantopoulos, George C., Antonio T. Alexandridis, and Panos C. Papageorgiou. "Towards the Integration of Modern Power Systems into a Cyber–Physical Framework." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092169.
Full textAbstract:
The cyber–physical system (CPS) architecture provides a novel framework for analyzing and expanding research and innovation results that are essential in managing, controlling and operating complex, large scale, industrial systems under a holistic insight. Power systems constitute such characteristically large industrial structures. The main challenge in deploying a power system as a CPS lies on how to combine and incorporate multi-disciplinary, core, and advanced technologies into the specific for this case, social, environmental, economic and engineering aspects. In order to substantially contribute towards this target, in this paper, a specific CPS scheme that clearly describes how a dedicated cyber layer is deployed to manage and interact with comprehensive multiple physical layers, like those found in a large-scale modern power system architecture, is proposed. In particular, the measurement, communication, computation, control mechanisms, and tools installed at different hierarchical frames that are required to consider and modulate the social/environmental necessities, as well as the electricity market management, the regulation of the electric grid, and the power injection/absorption of the controlled main devices and distributed energy resources, are all incorporated in a common CPS framework. Furthermore, a methodology for investigating and analyzing the dynamics of different levels of the CPS architecture (including physical devices, electricity and communication networks to market, and environmental and social mechanisms) is provided together with the necessary modelling tools and assumptions made in order to close the loop between the physical and the cyber layers. An example of a real-world industrial micro-grid that describes the main aspects of the proposed CPS-based design for modern electricity grids is also presented at the end of the paper to further explain and visualize the proposed framework.
14
Flammini, Francesco. "Digital twins as run-time predictive models for the resilience of cyber-physical systems: a conceptual framework." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2207 (August 16, 2021): 20200369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0369.
Full textAbstract:
Digital twins (DT) are emerging as an extremely promising paradigm for run-time modelling and performability prediction of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in various domains. Although several different definitions and industrial applications of DT exist, ranging from purely visual three-dimensional models to predictive maintenance tools, in this paper, we focus on data-driven evaluation and prediction of critical dependability attributes such as safety. To that end, we introduce a conceptual framework based on autonomic systems to host DT run-time models based on a structured and systematic approach. We argue that the convergence between DT and self-adaptation is the key to building smarter, resilient and trustworthy CPS that can self-monitor, self-diagnose and—ultimately—self-heal. The conceptual framework eases dependability assessment, which is essential for the certification of autonomous CPS operating with artificial intelligence and machine learning in critical applications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards symbiotic autonomous systems’.
15
Amrani, Moussa, Dominique Blouin, Robert Heinrich, Arend Rensink, Hans Vangheluwe, and Andreas Wortmann. "Multi-paradigm modelling for cyber–physical systems: a descriptive framework." Software and Systems Modeling 20, no. 3 (June 2021): 611–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-021-00876-z.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe complexity of cyber–physical systems (CPSs) is commonly addressed through complex workflows, involving models in a plethora of different formalisms, each with their own methods, techniques, and tools. Some workflow patterns, combined with particular types of formalisms and operations on models in these formalisms, are used successfully in engineering practice. To identify and reuse them, we refer to these combinations of workflow and formalism patterns as modelling paradigms. This paper proposes a unifying (Descriptive) Framework to describe these paradigms, as well as their combinations. This work is set in the context of Multi-Paradigm Modelling (MPM), which is based on the principle to model every part and aspect of a system explicitly, at the most appropriate level(s) of abstraction, using the most appropriate modelling formalism(s) and workflows. The purpose of the Descriptive Framework presented in this paper is to serve as a basis to reason about these formalisms, workflows, and their combinations. One crucial part of the framework is the ability to capture the structural essence of a paradigm through the concept of a paradigmatic structure. This is illustrated informally by means of two example paradigms commonly used in CPS: Discrete Event Dynamic Systems and Synchronous Data Flow. The presented framework also identifies the need to establish whether a paradigm candidate follows, or qualifies as, a (given) paradigm. To illustrate the ability of the framework to support combining paradigms, the paper shows examples of both workflow and formalism combinations. The presented framework is intended as a basis for characterisation and classification of paradigms, as a starting point for a rigorous formalisation of the framework (allowing formal analyses), and as a foundation for MPM tool development.
16
Santos, Márcio, Jorge André, Sara Francisco, Ricardo Mendes, and José Ribeiro. "Off-design modelling of an organic Rankine cycle micro-CHP: Modular framework, calibration and validation." Applied Thermal Engineering 137 (June 2018): 848–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.009.
Full text
17
Mallier, Lise, Gilles Hétreux, Raphaele Thery-Hétreux, and Philippe Baudet. "A modelling framework for energy system planning: Application to CHP plants participating in the electricity market." Energy 214 (January 2021): 118976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118976.
Full text
18
Yin, Xunhu, Huahua Wu, Huangxing Su, Zhiquan Meng, and Xingchao Yang. "Electricity-heat integrated agent modelling for participation in spot electricity market." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 983, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/983/1/012020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Due to the limitation of market rules, many small capacity power plants cannot directly participate in the spot electricity market, reducing the ability of the market to optimize the allocation of power generation resources. Among these power plants, the electric power output of some combined heat and power (CHP) plants is constrained by their heat output, which should be considered in the dispatch. Therefore, the electricity-heat integrated agents are defined and introduced to aggregate small capacity power plants and participate in the spot electricity market. Firstly, the model of electricity-heat integrated agents is formulated based on the aggregation of the internal generators and CHP units. Then, the framework of the spot electricity market with the participation of electricity-heat integrated agents is constructed. Moreover, the market clearing model is further developed by combining the electricity-heat integrated agent model and the security constrained unit commitment model. Simulation results in the case verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and technique.
19
Hansen, Linda V., Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir, Evgeni Ovcharov, Tilmann Gneiting, and Donald Richards. "Gaussian Random Particles with Flexible Hausdorff Dimension." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 2 (June 2015): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1435236977.
Full textAbstract:
Gaussian particles provide a flexible framework for modelling and simulating three-dimensional star-shaped random sets. In our framework, the radial function of the particle arises from a kernel smoothing, and is associated with an isotropic random field on the sphere. If the kernel is a von Mises-Fisher density, or uniform on a spherical cap, the correlation function of the associated random field admits a closed form expression. The Hausdorff dimension of the surface of the Gaussian particle reflects the decay of the correlation function at the origin, as quantified by the fractal index. Under power kernels we obtain particles with boundaries of any Hausdorff dimension between 2 and 3.
20
Hansen, Linda V., Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir, Evgeni Ovcharov, Tilmann Gneiting, and Donald Richards. "Gaussian Random Particles with Flexible Hausdorff Dimension." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 02 (June 2015): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800007874.
Full textAbstract:
Gaussian particles provide a flexible framework for modelling and simulating three-dimensional star-shaped random sets. In our framework, the radial function of the particle arises from a kernel smoothing, and is associated with an isotropic random field on the sphere. If the kernel is a von Mises-Fisher density, or uniform on a spherical cap, the correlation function of the associated random field admits a closed form expression. The Hausdorff dimension of the surface of the Gaussian particle reflects the decay of the correlation function at the origin, as quantified by the fractal index. Under power kernels we obtain particles with boundaries of any Hausdorff dimension between 2 and 3.
21
Pashchenko, V., O. Bludov, D. Baltrunas, K. Mazeika, S. Motria, K. Glukhov, and Yu Vysochanskii. "The antiferromagnetic phase transition in the layered Cu0.15Fe0.85PS3 semiconductor: experiment and DFT modelling." Condensed Matter Physics 25, no. 4 (2022): 43701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.25.43701.
Full textAbstract:
The experimental studies of the paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition through Mössbauer spectroscopy and measurements of temperature and field dependencies of magnetic susceptibility in the layered Cu0.15Fe0.85PS3 crystal are presented. The peculiar behavior of the magnetization - field dependence at low-temperature region gives evidence of a weak ferromagnetism in the studied alloy. By the ab initio simulation of electronic and spin subsystems, in the framework of electron density functional theory, the peculiarities of spin ordering at low temperature as well as changes in interatomic interactions in the vicinity of the Cu substitutional atoms are analyzed. The calculated components of the electric field gradient tensor and asymmetry parameter for Fe ions are close to the ones found from Mössbauer spectra values. The Mulliken populations show that the main contribution to the ferromagnetic spin density is originated from 3d-copper and 3p-sulfur orbitals. The estimated total magnetic moment of the unit cell (8.543 emu/mol) is in reasonable agreement with the measured experimental value of ∼9 emu/mol.
22
Radanliev, Petar, David De Roure, Razvan Nicolescu, Michael Huth, and Omar Santos. "Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in Industry 4.0." CCF Transactions on Pervasive Computing and Interaction 3, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42486-021-00057-3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper presents a new design for artificial intelligence in cyber-physical systems. We present a survey of principles, policies, design actions and key technologies for CPS, and discusses the state of art of the technology in a qualitative perspective. First, literature published between 2010 and 2021 is reviewed, and compared with the results of a qualitative empirical study that correlates world leading Industry 4.0 frameworks. Second, the study establishes the present and future techniques for increased automation in cyber-physical systems. We present the cybersecurity requirements as they are changing with the integration of artificial intelligence and internet of things in cyber-physical systems. The grounded theory methodology is applied for analysis and modelling the connections and interdependencies between edge components and automation in cyber-physical systems. In addition, the hierarchical cascading methodology is used in combination with the taxonomic classifications, to design a new integrated framework for future cyber-physical systems. The study looks at increased automation in cyber-physical systems from a technical and social level.
23
Cristea, Dragos Sebastian, Sarina Rosenberg, Adriana Pustianu Mocanu, Ira Adeline Simionov, Alina Antache Mogodan, Stefan Mihai Petrea, and Liliana Mihaela Moga. "Modelling the Common Agricultural Policy Impact over the EU Agricultural and Rural Environment through a Machine Learning Predictive Framework." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112105.
Full textAbstract:
This research provides an analytical and predictive framework, based on state-of-the-art machine-learning (ML) algorithms (random forest (RF) and generalized additive models (GAM)), that can be used to assess and improve the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) impact/performance over the agricultural and rural environments, easing the identification of proper instruments that can be used by EU policy makers in CAP’s financial management. The applied methodology consists of elaborating a custom-developed analytical framework based on a dataset containing 22 relevant indicators, considering four main dimensions that describe the intricacies of the EU agricultural and rural environment, in the CAP context: rural, emissions, macroeconomic, and financial. The results highlight that an increase of the agricultural research and development funding, as well as the agriculture employment rate, negatively influence the degree of rural poverty. The rural GDP per capita is influenced by the size of the employment rate in agriculture. It seems that environmental sustainability, identified by both fertilizers used and emissions from agriculture parameters, significantly influences the GDP per capita. In predicting emissions in agriculture, the direct payment, degree of rural poverty, fertilizer use, employment in agriculture, and agriculture labor productivity are the main independent parameters with the highest future importance. It was found that when predicting direct payments, the rural employment rate, employment in agriculture, and gross value added must be considered the most. The agricultural, entrepreneurial income prediction is mainly influenced by the total factor productivity, while agricultural research and development investments depend on gross value added, direct payments, and gross value added in the agricultural sector. Future research, related to prediction models based on CAP indicators, should also consider the marketing dimension. It is recommended for direct payments to be used to invest in upgrading the fertilizers technologies, since environmental sustainability will influence economic growth.
24
Labella, Álvaro, Rosa M. Rodríguez, Ahmad A. Alzahrani, and Luis Martínez. "A Consensus Model for Extended Comparative Linguistic Expressions with Symbolic Translation." Mathematics 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8122198.
Full textAbstract:
Consensus Reaching Process (CRP) is a necessary process to achieve agreed solutions in group decision making (GDM) problems. Usually, these problems are defined in uncertain contexts, in which experts do not have a full and precise knowledge about all aspects of the problem. In real-world GDM problems under uncertainty, it is usual that experts express their preferences by using linguistic expressions. Consequently, different methodologies have modelled linguistic information, in which computing with words stands out and whose basis is the fuzzy linguistic approach and their extensions. Even though, multiple consensus approaches under fuzzy linguistic environments have been proposed in the specialized literature, there are still some areas where their performance must be improved because of several persistent drawbacks. The drawbacks include the use of single linguistic terms that are not always enough to model the uncertainty in experts’ knowledge or the oversimplification of fuzzy information during the computational processes by defuzzification processes into crisp values, which usually implies a loss of information and precision in the results and also a lack of interpretability. Therefore, to improving the effects of previous drawbacks, this paper aims at presenting a novel CRP for GDM problems dealing with Extended Comparative Linguistic Expressions with Symbolic Translation (ELICIT) for modelling experts’ linguistic preferences. Such a CRP will overcome previous limitations because ELICIT information allows both fuzzy modelling of the experts’ uncertainty including hesitancy and performs comprehensive fuzzy computations to, ultimately, obtain precise and understandable linguistic results. Additionally, the proposed CRP model is implemented and integrated into the CRP support system so-called A FRamework for the analYsis of Consensus Approaches (AFRYCA) 3.0 that facilitates the application of the proposed CRP and its comparison with previous models.
25
Sharma, Mohit, and Chao-Chang A. Chen. "Analytical Modelling of Material Removal in Copper Chemical Mechanical Polishing Incorporating the Scratch Hardness of the Passivated Layer on Copper Thin Film Wafer." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 044007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac6624.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is the most crucial process for semiconductor fabrication and the scale of its application is broadening year by year. And understanding the varied mechanical interaction at pad-wafer contact as well as chemical alteration of the wafer surface is essential to comprehend the mechanism of material removal in the CMP process. In this study, an analytical material removal model is established as a function of polishing pad properties and scratch hardness of copper thin film wafer in CMP slurry environment. The model incorporates both, the mechanical material wear of chemically altered surface and, the chemical dissolution of copper based on corrosion theory. The contact between the polishing pad, wafer and abrasive is analysed and, in addition, the effect of the polishing pad and wafer properties on material removal is simulated. The model predicted MRR is compared to the copper CMP experiment MRR. This study establishes a strong correlation between the experimentally measured polishing pad and wafer properties and the material removal within the nanoscale contact model assumptions. The model provides a theoretical and experimental framework for optimizing the CMP process parameters, which can be employed to develop a simulator to analyze the advanced node copper CMP process
26
Made, Felix, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, and Derk Brouwer. "Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling of Historical Data of the South African Coal Mining Industry for Compliance Testing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084442.
Full textAbstract:
Bayesian hierarchical framework for exposure data compliance testing is highly recommended in occupational hygiene. However, it has not been used for coal dust exposure compliance testing in South Africa (SA). The Bayesian analysis incorporates prior information, which increases solid decision making regarding risk management. This study compared the posterior 95th percentile (P95) of the Bayesian non-informative and informative prior from historical data relative to the occupational exposure limit (OEL) and exposure categories, and the South African Mining Industry Code of Practice (SAMI CoP) approach. A total of nine homogenous exposure groups (HEGs) with a combined 243 coal mine workers’ coal dust exposure data were included in this study. Bayesian framework with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation to draw a full P95 posterior distribution relative to the OEL was used to investigate compliance. We obtained prior information from historical data and employed non-informative prior distribution to generate the posterior findings. The findings were compared to the SAMI CoP. The SAMI CoP 90th percentile (P90) indicated that one HEG was compliant (below the OEL), while none of the HEGs in the Bayesian methods were compliant. The analysis using non-informative prior indicated a higher variability of exposure than the informative prior according to the posterior GSD. The median P95 from the non-informative prior were slightly lower with wider 95% credible intervals (CrI) than the informative prior. All the HEGs in both Bayesian approaches were in exposure category four (poorly controlled), with the posterior probabilities slightly lower in the non-informative uniform prior distribution. All the methods mainly indicated non-compliance from the HEGs. The non-informative prior, however, showed a possible potential of allocating HEGs to a lower exposure category, but with high uncertainty compared to the informative prior distribution from historical data. Bayesian statistics with informative prior derived from historical data should be highly encouraged in coal dust overexposure assessments in South Africa for correct decision making.
27
Losev, Konstantin, and Vitaly Chulkov. "Infographic oriented management model of cyber-physical systems during a building life cycle." E3S Web of Conferences 138 (2019): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913802009.
Full textAbstract:
The study contributes to cyber-physical system (CPS) modelling during a building life cycle. The framework through which systems engineers could design and construct these CPS requires an ontology and a structure of terms. Thus, the structure of terms for modern information system, including approaches, concepts and terms, is proposed as the basis of ontology. The task of the study was to present the model of CPS management structure in accordance with the Industry 4.0 program. In order to construct it the dynamics of the relationship of terms has been given. An infographic modeling method has been used in the study. The subject of research is one of the model levels, responsible for knowledge conversion from machine-digital to human-oriented form, which will be the basis for the operator’s understanding of the knowledge accumulated by the CPS, and will help to make non-trivial management decisions. The structure of terms including approaches, concepts and terms, is proposed as the basis of ontology. The dynamics of the relationship of terms is given. Model of CPS management structure is presented in accordance with the Industry 4.0 program. The “Infographic models management” level specific to the CPS is defined. Three types of infographic slides which can be issued by CPS within the domain area of construction and design are proposed.
28
Göswein, V., S. Carvalho, C. Cerqueira, and A. Lorena. "Circular material passports for buildings – Providing a robust methodology for promoting circular buildings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1122, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1122/1/012049.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The construction sector is responsible for about 50% of all extracted raw material and for over 35% of the EU’s total waste generation. To transition to a circular construction model, reliable and standardized information on the material composition of buildings is required. A Circular Material Passport (CMP) can organize and store such information. It provides an identity for a certain product and assigns value to it, enabling the recovery of materials by providing information for maintenance, recovery, reuse and recycling. A set of various CMPs can also be turned into a Building Materials Passport. This paper proposes a new structure for a CMP. The new CMP distinguishes itself from previous efforts to define material passports since it is aligned with the EU Level(s) framework of core sustainability indicators for office and residential buildings. This paper, firstly, reviews the relevant indicators from the Level(s) framework. Secondly, analyzes the current barriers in the development and use of material passports and proposes mitigation measure. Thirdly, identifies parameters to provide relevant information to promote circularity in the built environment. Fourthly, summarizes the findings and proposes a new structure for a lean CMP. The proposed CMP structure can be divided into three sections: 1) general data, 2) product context use and location, and 3) circularity potential. It can be concluded that indicators provided by the CMP could have the potential to be used for public procurement, as well as to define building permit criteria and assessment. Moreover, CMPs should be integrated with Building Information Modelling (BIM) and as a support tool for pre-demolition audits for identifying reusable and recyclable construction products and materials. The importance of policy development for the promotion of a standardized and regulated use of this tool needs to be highlighted.
29
Emara, Mona, Nicole Hutchins, Shuchi Grover, Caitlin Snyder, and Gautam Biswas. "Examining Student Regulation of Collaborative, Computational, Problem-Solving Processes in Open-Ended Learning Environments." Journal of Learning Analytics 8, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18608/jla.2021.7230.
Full textAbstract:
The integration of computational modelling in science classrooms provides a unique opportunity to promote key 21st century skills including computational thinking (CT) and collaboration. The open-ended, problem-solving nature of the task requires groups to grapple with the combination of two domains (science and computing) as they collaboratively construct computational models. While this approach has produced significant learning gains for students in both science and CT in K–12 settings, the collaborative learning processes students use, including learner regulation, are not well understood. In this paper, we present a systematic analysis framework that combines natural language processing (NLP) of collaborative dialogue, log file analyses of students’ model-building actions, and final model scores. This analysis is used to better understand students’ regulation of collaborative problem solving (CPS) processes over a series of computational modelling tasks of varying complexity. The results suggest that the computational modelling challenges afford opportunities for students to a) explore resource-intensive processes, such as trial and error, to more systematic processes, such as debugging model errors by leveraging data tools, and b) learn from each other using socially shared regulation (SSR) and productive collaboration. The use of such SSR processes correlated positively with their model-building scores. Our paper aims to advance our understanding of collaborative, computational modelling in K–12 science to better inform classroom applications.
30
Adak, Debabrata, Tuhin Ghosh, Francois Boulanger, Urmas Haud, Peter Kalberla, Peter G. Martin, Andrea Bracco, and Tarun Souradeep. "Dust polarization modelling at large scale over the northern Galactic cap using EBHIS and Planck data." Astronomy & Astrophysics 640 (August 2020): A100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936124.
Full textAbstract:
The primary source of systematic uncertainty in the quest for the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) introduced by primordial gravitational waves is polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust. Therefore, accurate characterization and separation of the polarized thermal dust emission is an essential step in distinguishing such a faint CMB B-mode signal. We provide a modelling framework to simulate polarized thermal dust emission based on the model described in Ghosh et al. (2017, A&A, 601, A71), making use of both the Planck dust and Effelsberg-Bonn HI surveys over the northern Galactic cap. Our seven-parameter dust model, incorporating both HI gas in three different column density templates as a proxy for spatially variable dust intensity and a phenomenological model of Galactic magnetic field, is able to reproduce both one- and two-point statistics of the observed dust polarization maps seen by Planck at 353 GHz over a selected low-column density region in the northern Galactic cap. This work has important applications in assessing the accuracy of component separation methods and in quantifying the confidence level of separating polarized Galactic emission and the CMB B-mode signal, as is needed for ongoing and future CMB missions.
31
Albanese, Claudio, Yannick Armenti, and Stéphane Crépey. "XVA metrics for CCP optimization." Statistics & Risk Modeling 37, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2020): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/strm-2017-0034.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBased on an XVA analysis of centrally cleared derivative portfolios, we consider two capital and funding issues pertaining to the efficiency of the design of central counterparties (CCPs). First, we consider an organization of a clearing framework, whereby a CCP would also play the role of a centralized XVA calculator and management center. The default fund contributions would become pure capital at risk of the clearing members, remunerated as such at some hurdle rate, i.e. return-on-equity. Moreover, we challenge the current default fund Cover 2 EMIR sizing rule with a broader risk based approach, relying on a suitable notion of economic capital of a CCP. Second, we compare the margin valuation adjustments (MVAs) resulting from two different initial margin raising strategies. The first one is unsecured borrowing by the clearing member. As an alternative, the clearing member delegates the posting of its initial margin to a so-called specialist lender, which, in case of default of the clearing member, receives back from the CCP the portion of IM unused to cover losses. The alternative strategy results in a significant MVA compression. A numerical case study shows that the volatility swings of the IM funding expenses can even be the main contributor to an economic capital based default fund of a CCP. This is an illustration of the transfer of counterparty risk into liquidity risk triggered by extensive collateralization.
32
Perkins, Stephen J., David W. Wright, Hailiang Zhang, Emre H. Brookes, Jianhan Chen, Thomas C. Irving, Susan Krueger, et al. "Atomistic modelling of scattering data in the Collaborative Computational Project for Small Angle Scattering (CCP-SAS)." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 6 (October 14, 2016): 1861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671601517x.
Full textAbstract:
The capabilities of current computer simulations provide a unique opportunity to model small-angle scattering (SAS) data at the atomistic level, and to include other structural constraints ranging from molecular and atomistic energetics to crystallography, electron microscopy and NMR. This extends the capabilities of solution scattering and provides deeper insights into the physics and chemistry of the systems studied. Realizing this potential, however, requires integrating the experimental data with a new generation of modelling software. To achieve this, the CCP-SAS collaboration (http://www.ccpsas.org/) is developing open-source, high-throughput and user-friendly software for the atomistic and coarse-grained molecular modelling of scattering data. Robust state-of-the-art molecular simulation engines and molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo force fields provide constraints to the solution structure inferred from the small-angle scattering data, which incorporates the known physical chemistry of the system. The implementation of this software suite involves a tiered approach in whichGenAppprovides the deployment infrastructure for running applications on both standard and high-performance computing hardware, andSASSIEprovides a workflow framework into which modules can be plugged to prepare structures, carry out simulations, calculate theoretical scattering data and compare results with experimental data.GenAppproduces the accessible web-based front end termedSASSIE-web, andGenAppandSASSIEalso make community SAS codes available. Applications are illustrated by case studies: (i) inter-domain flexibility in two- to six-domain proteins as exemplified by HIV-1 Gag, MASP and ubiquitin; (ii) the hinge conformation in human IgG2 and IgA1 antibodies; (iii) the complex formed between a hexameric protein Hfq and mRNA; and (iv) synthetic `bottlebrush' polymers.
33
Bodas-Salcedo, A., M. J. Webb, S. Bony, H. Chepfer, J. L. Dufresne, S. A. Klein, Y. Zhang, et al. "COSP: Satellite simulation software for model assessment." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1023–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011bams2856.1.
Full textAbstract:
Errors in the simulation of clouds in general circulation models (GCMs) remain a long-standing issue in climate projections, as discussed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. This highlights the need for developing new analysis techniques to improve our knowledge of the physical processes at the root of these errors. The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) pursues this objective, and under that framework the CFMIP Observation Simulator Package (COSP) has been developed. COSP is a flexible software tool that enables the simulation of several satellite-borne active and passive sensor observations from model variables. The flexibility of COSP and a common interface for all sensors facilitates its use in any type of numerical model, from high-resolution cloud-resolving models to the coarser-resolution GCMs assessed by the IPCC, and the scales in between used in weather forecast and regional models. The diversity of model parameterization techniques makes the comparison between model and observations difficult, as some parameterized variables (e.g., cloud fraction) do not have the same meaning in all models. The approach followed in COSP permits models to be evaluated against observations and compared against each other in a more consistent manner. This permits a more detailed diagnosis of the physical processes that govern the behavior of clouds and precipitation in numerical models. The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modelling has recommended the use of COSP in a subset of climate experiments that will be assessed by the next IPCC report. In this article we describe COSP, present some results from its application to numerical models, and discuss future work that will expand its capabilities.
34
Khodeir, Laila Mohamed, and Hebatallah Emam Soliman. "Sustainable Development of Heritage Areas: Towards Cyber-Physical Systems Integration in Extant Heritage Buildings and Planning Conservation." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v5i1.6623.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Although architectural heritage reflects the evolution of human civilization throughout history, nevertheless, civilized and social changes of heritage areas in many countries led to their degradation. Historical building management and planning conservation raise two important issues: the restoration and improvement of historical areas features and adopting a framework of sustainable development in heritage regions. Recently a number of processes have arose to aid in the aforementioned problems, namely the heritage building information modelling (HBIM) and the cyber-physical systems approach (CPS), where the latter is believed to achieve great potentials hereby integrating virtual models and physical construction and enabling bidirectional coordination. Since HBIM has recently been investigated through a number of recent research and application, the aim of this paper is to explore the potentials offered by the CPS, to move from 3D content model to bi-dimensional coordination for achieving efficient management of built heritage. To tackle the objective of this paper, firstly, a review of the BIM use in the field of cultural heritage was undergone, Secondly, reporting the existing BIM/HBIM platforms, analyzing cyber-physical systems integration in extant heritage buildings and in planning conservation were performed. Results of this paper took the form of detailed comparative analysis between both CPS and HBIM, which could guide decision makers working in the field of heritage buildings management, in addition to shedding light on the main potentials of the emerging CPS.</strong>
35
Sajjadian, Seyed Masoud. "Dynamic modelling of solar storage system: a case study of leisure centre." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 5, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-09-2015-0028.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the advantages of a solar store system with transpired solar air collector (TSC) in North Wales, UK. The collectors are designed as a proposal to meet the target of the solar air storage and heating project to improve the efficiency of solar collectors in the UK. Design/methodology/approach – IES software simulation is used to examine the potential of a solar store system in Deeside Leisure Centre compared to the traditional constant air volume (CAV) system and CAV system with heat pump. The design parameters and configurations are determined on the basis of the monitoring results gained from recent experiments. Findings – The result demonstrates good agreement between simulations and monitoring results and the solar store system demonstrates considerably lower energy consumption compared to the traditional CAV system with and without heat pump. Originality/value – The usage of TSC is proven to be useful in improving COP of the heat pumps and reducing overall energy consumption in a leisure center. The framework proposed in this study could also be applied to different building types in order to highlight their advantages.
36
Casadei, Roberto, Danilo Pianini, Mirko Viroli, and Danny Weyns. "Digital Twins, Virtual Devices, and Augmentations for Self-Organising Cyber-Physical Collectives." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010349.
Full textAbstract:
The engineering of large-scale cyber-physical systems (CPS) increasingly relies on principles from self-organisation and collective computing, enabling these systems to cooperate and adapt in dynamic environments. CPS engineering also often leverages digital twins that provide synchronised logical counterparts of physical entities. In contrast, sensor networks rely on the different but related concept of virtual device that provides an abstraction of a group of sensors. In this work, we study how such concepts can contribute to the engineering of self-organising CPSs. To that end, we analyse the concepts and devise modelling constructs, distinguishing between identity correspondence and execution relationships. Based on this analysis, we then contribute to the novel concept of “collective digital twin” (CDT) that captures the logical counterpart of a collection of physical devices. A CDT can also be “augmented” with purely virtual devices, which may be exploited to steer the self-organisation process of the CDT and its physical counterpart. We underpin the novel concept with experiments in the context of the pulverisation framework of aggregate computing, showing how augmented CDTs provide a holistic, modular, and cyber-physically integrated system view that can foster the engineering of self-organising CPSs.
37
Kamaitis, Zenonas. "MODELLING OF CORROSION PROTECTION FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH SURFACE COATINGS/GELŽBETONINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ SU PAVIRŠINĖMIS DANGOMIS KOROZINĖS APSAUGOS MODELIAVIMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-3730.2008.14.23.
Full textAbstract:
Corrosion is a serious problem for the durability of reinforced concrete structures. These structures need to be protected from corrosion in a variety of exposure conditions ranging from atmospheric to continuous immersion in water or chemicals. One of the ways to protect reinforced concrete structures from corrosion is to use protective coatings. The surface barriers of non‐degradable materials are able to slow down considerably the rate of deterioration of concrete structures and to overcome most durability problems associated with external attack. Design of durability of concrete structures with protective coatings needs to be established. In this paper a general framework for service life prediction and reliability evaluation of anticorrosion protective system (CPS), which is represented by protective surface barrier, concrete cover, and steel reinforcement itself of reinforced concrete structures, is presented. This approach is based on a reasonable understanding of the main degradation processes of all components ensuring protection ability and durability of concrete structures. The effect of repair of CPS components on extending the service life of a whole protective system is considered. Numerical example for reliability verification of CPS is also given. Santrauka Korozija yra svarbi gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų ilgaamžiškumo problema. Gelžbetonines konstrukcijas būtina apsaugoti nuo korozijos įvairiomis sąlygomis, pradedant nuo atmosferos iki nuolatinio mirkymo vandenyje ar chemikaluose. Vienas iš apsaugos būdų yra polimerinės apsauginės dangos. Atsparus paviršinis barjeras gali labai sulėtinti gelžbetonio irimą ir išspręsti daugelį problemų, susijusių su išorine aplinka. Reikia sukurti gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų su apsauginėmis dangomis projektavimo metodiką. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama antikorozinės apsauginės sistemos, susidedančios iš paviršiaus apsauginio barjero, apsauginio betoninio sluoksnio ir pačios plieninės armatūros, patikimumas ir spėjamas gyvavimo laikotarpis. Šis modelis remiasi apsauginio barjero, betonio sluoksnio ir armatūros irimo procesų samprata. Skaitinis pavyzdys rodo antikorozinės apsauginės sistemos patikimumo patikrą.
38
Qiao, Shutao, Liu Wang, Hyoyoung Jeong, Gregory J. Rodin, and Nanshu Lu. "Suction effects in cratered surfaces." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 135 (October 2017): 20170377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0377.
Full textAbstract:
It has been shown experimentally that cratered surfaces may have better adhesion properties than flat ones. However, the suction effect produced by the craters, which may be chiefly responsible for the improved adhesion, has not been properly modelled. This paper combines experimental, numerical simulation and analytical approaches towards developing a framework for quantifying the suction effect produced by isolated craters and cratered surfaces. The modelling approach emphasizes the essential role of large elastic deformation, while the airflow dynamics, microscopic mechanisms, like surface tension and air permeation, and rate-dependence are neglected. This approach is validated using experimental data for isolated hemi-spherical craters. The modelling approach is further applied to spherical cap (not necessarily hemi-spherical) craters with the objective of identifying optimal geometric and material properties, as well as the minimum preload necessary for attaining the maximum suction force. It is determined that stiff polymers with deep craters are capable of producing large suction forces. For soft materials, central to biomedical applications, large suction forces can be attained by reinforcing deep craters with thin stiff layers. Parametric optimization studies of reinforced craters reveal that some of them perform beyond common expectations. However, those high-performance reinforced craters are prone to surface instabilities, and therefore the practical use of such craters may be problematic.
39
Ilie, R., M. W. Liemohn, J. Kozyra, and J. Borovsky. "An investigation of the magnetosphere–ionosphere response to real and idealized co-rotating interaction region events through global magnetohydrodynamic simulations." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2123 (July 7, 2010): 3279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0074.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the role of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B z fluctuations periodicity in the transfer of solar wind mass and energy to the magnetosphere during the co-rotating interaction region/high-speed stream event of 10 November 2003 through global modelling simulations using the space weather modelling framework. To do so, we used both solar wind observations and a variety of idealized inputs as upstream boundary conditions, describing different solar wind configurations for which relative contribution of the peak-to-noise ratio in the input B z power spectrum to the periodicity transfer is examined. Fast Fourier transforms of both input to and the response of the magnetosphere reveal that the transfer of IMF B z periodicity to the magnetosphere is unaltered by other solar wind parameters, although the size of the peak-to-noise ratio of the input signal is the controlling factor that determines this transfer. The global magnetosphere simulation suggests that a threshold amount of power (peak-to-noise ratio) of approximately 10 in the input signal is needed for the magnetosphere to react to the periodicity in the input B z , while for the cross-polar cap potential, the threshold amount is significantly smaller.
40
DE MALHERBE, ETIENNE. "CORRELATION ANALYSIS IN THE LIBOR AND SWAP MARKET MODEL." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 05, no. 04 (June 2002): 401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024902001481.
Full textAbstract:
In the general framework that is offered by the market model, each LIBOR interest rate is a lognormal martingale under its own probability measure. The advantage is that the approach is consistent with the way cap, floor and swaption volatilities are quoted. The joint distribution of several LIBOR or swap rates under a common probability measure is somehow more complicated because it requires the specification of a drift term structure and the specification of a correlation term structure. In this paper, the correlation between the LIBORs is represented by a function of the LIBOR maturities. The form of this function is inspired by the stochastic string theory that was recently introduced in finance for the modelling of yield curves. The function is fitted to the volatilities of the LIBOR and swap rates so that it is consistent with market observations and does not rely on statistical analysis of any historical data.
41
Huang, Zengjian, Amna Shahzadi, and Yaser Daanial Khan. "Unfolding the Impact of Quality 4.0 Practices on Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy Practices: A Hybrid SEM-ANN Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315495.
Full textAbstract:
In the era of Industry 4.0, Quality 4.0 (Q4.0) relates to quality management. To that end, it focuses on digital technologies that integrate social and technical resources and offer the best possible product and service to its customers. Few real-world studies have been done on the social and technical aspects of Q4.0. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the impact of social and technical Q4.0 on I4.0 technologies and circular economy practices (CEP) in small- and medium-sized (SME) manufacturing enterprises. A framework based on the resource-based view (RBV) theory is developed and empirically validated by an online questionnaire of 189 Malaysian SME manufacturing enterprises. In contrast to the other existent QM investigations, which made use of structural equation modelling (SEM), this study performed an analysis in two stages. First, the Q4.0 practices that significantly influence I4.0 technologies and CEP are identified using the SEM approach. Second, the significant predictors obtained from SEM are ranked according to their relative importance using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique. The findings indicate that social and technical Q4.0 practices have improved I4.0 technologies and CEP. The findings also highlight the role performed by technical Q4.0 practices as a mediator between social Q4.0 practices, I4.0 technologies, and CEP. The findings of ANN highlight that the role of social and technical Q4.0 are crucial to the successful deployment of I4.0 technologies and CEP in manufacturing companies. The purpose of the current research is to shed light on the importance of Q4.0 multidimensions, hence contributing to theory application, especially given the scarcity of multidimensional perspectives of Q4.0 literature. In essence, the SEM-ANN methodology adds something new to the bodies of literature on Q4.0, I4.0, and CEP. As an outcome of the research, organisations can develop innovative strategies to adopt Q4.0 by gaining a better understanding of the elements that contribute to effective Q4.0 implementation in the digital transformation era.
42
Rahman, M. Azizur, Md Shihab Shakur, Md Sharjil Ahamed, Shazid Hasan, Asif Adnan Rashid, Md Ariful Islam, Md Sabit Shahriar Haque, and Afzaal Ahmed. "A Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical System with Industry 4.0: Remote and Digitized Additive Manufacturing." Automation 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 400–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/automation3030021.
Full textAbstract:
With the advancement of additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing technology, manufacturing industries are driving towards Industry 4.0 for dynamic changed in customer experience, data-driven smart systems, and optimized production processes. This has pushed substantial innovation in cyber-physical systems (CPS) through the integration of sensors, Internet-of-things (IoT), cloud computing, and data analytics leading to the process of digitization. However, computer-aided design (CAD) is used to generate G codes for different process parameters to input to the 3D printer. To automate the whole process, in this study, a customer-driven CPS framework is developed to utilize customer requirement data directly from the website. A cloud platform, Microsoft Azure, is used to send that data to the fused diffusion modelling (FDM)-based 3D printer for the automatic printing process. A machine learning algorithm, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network model, has been utilized for optimizing the process parameters in the cloud. For cloud-to-machine interaction, a Raspberry Pi is used to get access from the Azure IoT hub and machine learning studio, where the generated algorithm is automatically evaluated and determines the most suitable value. Moreover, the CPS system is used to improve product quality through the synchronization of CAD model inputs from the cloud platform. Therefore, the customer’s desired product will be available with minimum waste, less human monitoring, and less human interaction. The system contributes to the insight of developing a cloud-based digitized, automatic, remote system merging Industry 4.0 technologies to bring flexibility, agility, and automation to AM processes.
43
Enweonye, Igwebuike, and Edith Uzoma Umeh. "Bayesian Meta-Analysis to Validate Correlate of Protection for High Vaccine Efficacy Clinical Trials." European Journal of Information Technologies and Computer Science 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/compute.2022.2.1.34.
Full textAbstract:
In clinical trials, a correlate (surrogate) of protection (CoP) endpoint must be properly validated through rigorous sound methods before it may be approved for use. The validation of surrogate in the context of high vaccine efficacy trials, however, poses great challenge due to sparse data; and conventional methods for statistical validation of surrogate are no longer adequate. Although idea of surrogacy was developed in the context of a single trial, the meta-analytic approach, which allows both individual and trial level surrogacy, has become well accepted. However, the meta-analytic joint bivariate full models suffer computational issues. To ease the challenge, aggregate data may be used but it leads to loss of information. In this manuscript the direct application of individual level (instead of aggregate) data in a Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling framework was proposed. The proposed method uses reduced bivariate models with trial specific random effects of treatment on the endpoints and no correlated residuals. Simulated data consist several scenarios, each of which has 5000 participants data, 50 subgroups (used as trials) characterised by size of 100 participants per trial randomised in the ratio 1:1 to vaccinated and unvaccinated treatment groups. The meta-analysis showed improved quality of the CoP compared to literature based on aggregate data. There were no computational issues with the proposed hierarchical model.
2.11.0.0
44
Matta, George, Sebastian Chlup, Abdelkader Magdy Shaaban, Christoph Schmittner, Andreas Pinzenöhler, Elke Szalai, and Markus Tauber. "Risk Management and Standard Compliance for Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems." Infocommunications journal 13, no. 2 (2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2021.2.5.
Full textAbstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud technologies are increasingly implemented in the form of Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS) for the railway sector. In order to satisfy the security requirements of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), domainspecific risk identification assessment procedures have been developed. Threat modelling is one of the most commonly used methods for threat identification for the security analysis of CPSoS and is capable of targeting various domains. This paper reports our experience of using a risk management framework identify the most critical security vulnerabilities in CPSoS in the domain and shows the broader impact this work can have on the domain of safety and security management. Moreover, we emphasize the application of common analytical methods for cyber-security based on international industry standards to identify the most vulnerable assets. These will be applied to a meta-model for automated railway systems in the concept phase to support the development and deployment of these systems. Furthermore, it is the first step to create a secure and standard complaint system by design.
45
Zuraidah Raja Mohd Rasi, Raja, Amir Abdekhodaee, and Romesh Nagarajah. "Stakeholders’ involvements in the implementation of proactive environmental practices." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2011-0054.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate key causal linkages of proactive environmental practices of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, this paper studies the ways that the interactions between different stakeholders such as suppliers and customers could intensify the widespread diffusion and implementation of green technologies. Understanding these linkages provide an opportunity to develop a framework that integrates stakeholders’ involvement, environmental practices and environmental/operational performances. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts the quantitative methodology. It uses the survey data collected from 232 Malaysian SMEs. The structural equation modelling (SEM) via AMOS 19 was employed to test the hypotheses. Findings – The empirical results suggest that decisions on environmental practices are influenced significantly by interactions between stakeholders but notably in different ways. While customers and employees involvements are targeted at process based changes, senior managers are interested in internal management improvements. Suppliers’ interactions, on the other hand, influence SMEs to improve on operations for product and process based changes at the same time. Interestingly, we did not observe any significant achievement on government partnership programmes aimed at improving SMEs’ environmental practices. Originality/value – The finding in this paper adds to the literature on corporate environmental practices (CEPs), by applying two stages SEM analysis to a survey data for a single industry (electronic and electric industry). The gap of the mainstream CEP literature is bridged by focusing on different types of CEP, namely, internal management systems, process-based changes and product-based changes.
46
Krstić, Dragana, Nenad Petrović, and Issam Al-Azzoni. "Model-Driven Approach to Fading-Aware Wireless Network Planning Leveraging Multiobjective Optimization and Deep Learning." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 8, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4140522.
Full textAbstract:
Efficient resource planning is recognized as one of the key enablers making the large-scale deployment of next-generation wireless networks available for mass usage. Modelling, planning, and software simulation tools reduce both the time needed and costs of their tuning and realization. In this paper, we propose a model-driven framework for proactive network planning relying on synergy of deep learning and multiobjective optimization. The predictions about service demand and energy consumption are taken into account. Also, the impact of degradations resulting from fading and cochannel interference (CCI) effects is also considered. The optimization task is treated as a component allocation problem (CAP) aiming to find the best possible base station allocation for the considered smart city locations with respect to performance and service demand constraints. The goal is to maximize Quality of Service (QoS) while keeping the costs and energy consumption as low as possible. The adoption of a model-driven approach in combination with model-to-model transformations and automated code generation does not only reduce the complexity, making experimentation more rapid and convenient at the same time, but also increase the overall reusability and expandability of the planning tool. According to the obtained results, the proposed solution seems to be promising not only due to achieved benefits but also regarding the execution time, which is shorter than that achieved in our previous works, especially for larger distances. Further, we adopt model-based representation of handover strategies within the planning tool, enabling examination of the dynamic behavior of user-created plan, which is not exploited in other similar works. The main contributions of the paper are (1) wireless network planning (WNP) metamodel, a modelling notation for network plans; (2) model-to-model transformation for conversion of WNP to generalized CAP metamodel; (3) prediction problem (PP) metamodel, high-level abstraction for representation of prediction-related regression and classification problems; (4) code generator that creates PyTorch neural network from PP representation; (5) service demand and energy consumption prediction modules performing regression; (6) multiobjective optimization model for base station allocation; (7) Handover Strategy (HS) metamodel used for description of dynamic aspects and adaptability relevant to network planning.
47
Jansik, Csaba, Lauri Kettunen, Heikki Lehtonen, and Jyrki Niemi. "Agricultural policy analysis with the AGMEMOD model: A new super model takes the stage?" Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 21 (January 31, 2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.76000.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an econometric, recursive dynamic, partial equilibrium multi-commodity model for the Finnish agricultural sector developed within the AG-MEMOD modelling framework, a joint endeavour by several European research institutes. The objective of the AGMEMOD project is to build and validate an econometric model of the whole EU agricultural sector for projection and policy simulation purposes. The building blocks of the AGMEMOD model are the national policy models. The specific aim of the Finnish modelling project was to build a country model on a common format so that it would link-up to provide an integrated model for the whole EU. The different commodities in the model are linked together through cross-price effects in supply and demand equations and the price transmission equations that link domestic prices with EU prices. The responsiveness of the model to policy changes is demonstrated by comparing the results of different policy scenarios with that of the baseline scenario, i.e. continuation of the Agenda 2000 agricultural policy. The policy scenario examined in the paper is the CAP reform approved at the EU Agricultural Council in Luxembourg in 2003. The main impacts of the CAP reform in Finland can be summarised as follows. Changes in crop sector are moderate. As regards to milk, the results indicate that the additional 10 percent cut in intervention price of butter beyond the Agenda 2000 agreement is estimated to reduce milk producer price by 4 percent and total milk production by 6 percent relative to the baseline. The impact in the beef production is expected to be dominated by the developments on the dairy sector. Beef output will decline progressively to stand at around 6 percent below the baseline levels by 2010. Lower beef availability in the EU will trigger a rise in EU producer prices of some 6.5 percent and result a 3 percent higher producer price in Finland at the end of the simulation period compared to the baseline. Though the broad patterns of reactions to agricultural policy reform are fairly predictable, the specific details are not so. In particular, when several geographic markets simultaneously change the policy, the impact of policy reform depends not only on domestic price elasticities, but also on the transmission of domestic production and consumption adjustments to the other countries’ markets for that commodity, and the feedback effects between market prices and production and consumption decisions in the group of countries pursuing policy reform. It is also highly promising that the findings are consistent with the other studies on the impacts of CAP reform on Finnish agriculture. Thus although there remains substantial scope for further research on the model (improving the estimation and specification of the sub-models), the model offers considerable potential for application even without additional development.
48
Mothiravally, Sachin Sunil, and Sachidananda Hassan Krishanmurthy. "Design of an adiabatic air conditioning package system." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 13 (2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021041.
Full textAbstract:
Air conditioning plays a significant role to maintain a cool atmosphere in warm conditions, However, the power consumed by the machine is higher. The commercial prevailing cooling systems are required to operate ventilation and cooling systems in buildings and in turn consumes more power. These systems apart from consuming electricity it also adds to the CO2 emissions to our environment. These energy consumption and CO2 emissions can be decreased by the assistance of energy effective frameworks to the prevailing air conditioning system. The study was conducted on a package unit of 414.2 kW by measuring the relative humidity, dry bulb, and wet bulb temperature to investigate the effect of indirect evaporative cooling on the systems COP. Also, the modelling of the package unit was done using Creo software and the analysis was carried out using ANSYS considering the flow and thermal analysis for different components of the package units. From this analysis it can be observed that by implementing the adiabatic cooling in package unit it is possible to save energy consumption. From the results it can be concluded that energy efficiency was more and the return on investment is high. Also, coefficient of performance of this machine is high and consumes less electricity and the expected energy savings is 20%.
49
Klement, Peter, Tobias Brandt, Lucas Schmeling, Antonieta Alcorta de Bronstein, Steffen Wehkamp, Fernando Andres Penaherrera Vaca, Mathias Lanezki, Patrik Schönfeldt, Alexander Hill, and Nemanja Katic. "Local Energy Markets in Action: Smart Integration of National Markets, Distributed Energy Resources and Incentivisation to Promote Citizen Participation." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 2749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082749.
Full textAbstract:
Since the Paris Agreement in 2016, the goals of limiting climate change and moving toward climate resilience stand. With a share of about 80% of global CO2 emissions, the energy sector is an essential driver for these goals. A shift to low-carbon energy production and a decentralized system for more efficient energy transmission distribution is necessary. In this paper, we present our work on Modelling of Power Exchanges, Algorithms for Local Energy Market (LEM), Competitiveness of Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP) and Energy Feedback Devices. The study was conducted considering technical, economic, social and regulatory framework. For easy integration into energy simulations or a district energy management system (DEMS), a model for power exchanges was created that allows flexible input or deterministic price patterns. The algorithm handles the clearing of an LEM by a district aggregator using limit orders with the goal of increasing the share of locally consumed electricity using economic incentives. An investigation was conducted into the operation of flexible CHPs in low-carbon power systems to balance the volatility of renewable energy. An Energy Signal Light (ESL) was developed as an energy feedback device, which is integrated into the DEMS in a living lab and allows individual configuration. In summary, the results presented should be compared with those of other research approaches in the future and require qualitative and quantitative evaluation.
50
Farkouh, Raymond, Arianna Nevo, Jennifer Uyei, Benjamin Althouse, Cassandra Hall-Murray, Joseph Lewnard, and Matthew Wasserman. "1384. Conceptual Economic Model Methodology for Infant Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Program and its Impact on Antimicrobial Resistance." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S701—S702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1566.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) used in infant national immunization programs have been shown to decrease AMR pneumococci. Cost-effectiveness models evaluating the value for money of PCV programs have not considered the economic impact of reducing antimicrobial prescribing or prolonged infections due to treatment failures. Standardized frameworks are needed for models to address outcomes and impact on health resource utilization related to AMR. Methods We developed a conceptual modeling methodology suitable for a health economic evaluation of an infant PCV program. We considered impact of PCVs on pneumococcal disease (PD) specifically related to clinical management of AMR-PD, including AMR epidemiology, antibiotic prescribing patterns, and healthcare resource utilization. Model inputs were evaluated regarding optimal and available data sources considering the complex nature of AMR at the national, regional, and global level. Results The proposed framework considers impact of PCVs on antimicrobial prescribing due to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and acute otitis media (AOM) across 3 pathways (Figure 1). The population and pathogen-level pathway describe epidemiology and vaccine impact. The care level pathway describes clinical disease management. The health outcomes pathway characterizes resistant or successfully treated PD costs and quality of life. Conceptual Economic Model Methodology Conclusion We present a generalizable methodology to quantify impact of PCVs on cases and outcomes of PD related to AMR. Modelling vaccine-preventable burden of AMR-PD requires data extrapolations and assumptions due to the myriad of interconnected pathways (i.e. microbiology, epidemiology, environment, health systems). Further work is needed to validate assumptions and linkages across incomplete data sources. Disclosures Raymond Farkouh, PhD, Pfizer (Employee) Arianna Nevo, MPH, Pfizer, Inc. (Other Financial or Material Support, I am an employee of IQVIA. IQVIA received funding from Pfizer to carry out the project.) Jennifer Uyei, PhD, MPH, Pfizer, Inc. (Other Financial or Material Support, I am an employee of IQVIA. IQVIA received funding from Pfizer to carry out the project.) Cassandra Hall-Murray, PharmD, Pfizer, Inc. (Employee) Joseph Lewnard, PhD, Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member) Matthew Wasserman, MSc., Pfizer Inc. (Employee)