Journal articles: 'CSMA'

1

Frigaard, Niels-Ulrik, Hui Li, Kirstin J. Milks, and Donald A. Bryant. "Nine Mutants of Chlorobium tepidum Each Unable To Synthesize a Different Chlorosome Protein Still Assemble Functional Chlorosomes." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 3 (February 1, 2004): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.3.646-653.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum comprise mostly bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c), small amounts of BChl a, carotenoids, and quinones surrounded by a lipid-protein envelope. These structures contain 10 different protein species (CsmA, CsmB, CsmC, CsmD, CsmE, CsmF, CsmH, CsmI, CsmJ, and CsmX) but contain relatively little total protein compared to other photosynthetic antenna complexes. Except for CsmA, which has been suggested to bind BChl a, the functions of the chlorosome proteins are not known. Nine mutants in which a single csm gene was inactivated were created; these mutants included genes encoding all chlorosome proteins except CsmA. All mutants had BChl c contents similar to that of the wild-type strain and had growth rates indistinguishable from or within ∼90% (CsmC− and CsmJ−) of those of the wild-type strain. Chlorosomes isolated from the mutants lacked only the protein whose gene had been inactivated and were generally similar to those from the wild-type strain with respect to size, shape, and BChl c, BChl a, and carotenoid contents. However, chlorosomes from the csmC mutant were about 25% shorter than those from the wild-type strain, and the BChl c absorbance maximum was blue-shifted about 8 nm, indicating that the structure of the BChl c aggregates in these chlorosomes is altered. The results of the present study establish that, except with CsmA, when the known chlorosome proteins are eliminated individually, none of them are essential for the biogenesis, light harvesting, or structural organization of BChl c and BChl a within the chlorosome. These results demonstrate that chlorosomes are remarkably robust structures that can tolerate considerable changes in protein composition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Li, Hui, and Donald A. Bryant. "Envelope Proteins of the CsmB/CsmF and CsmC/CsmD Motif Families Influence the Size, Shape, and Composition of Chlorosomes in Chlorobaculum tepidum." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 22 (September 11, 2009): 7109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00707-09.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The chlorosome envelope of Chlorobaculum tepidum contains 10 proteins that belong to four structural motif families. A previous mutational study (N.-U. Frigaard, H. Li, K. J. Milks, and D. A. Bryant, J. Bacteriol. 186:646-653, 2004) suggested that some of these proteins might have redundant functions. Six multilocus mutants were constructed to test the effects of eliminating the proteins of the CsmC/CsmD and CsmB/CsmF motif families, and the resulting strains were characterized physiologically and biochemically. Mutants lacking all proteins of either motif family still assembled functional chlorosomes, and as measured by growth rates of the mutant strains, light harvesting was affected only at the lowest light intensities tested (9 and 32 μmol photons m−2 s−1). The size, composition, and biogenesis of the mutant chlorosomes differed from those of wild-type chlorosomes. Mutants lacking proteins of the CsmC/CsmD motif family produced smaller chlorosomes than did the wild type, and the Qy absorbance maximum for the bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates in these chlorosomes was strongly blueshifted. Conversely, the chlorosomes of mutants lacking proteins of the CsmB/CsmF motif family were larger than wild-type chlorosomes, and the Qy absorption for their bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates was redshifted. When CsmH was eliminated in addition to other proteins of either motif family, chlorosomes had smaller diameters. These data show that the chlorosome envelope proteins of the CsmB/CsmF and CsmC/CsmD families play important roles in determining chlorosome size as well as the assembly and supramolecular organization of the bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates within the chlorosome.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Chung, Soohee, and Donald A. Bryant. "Characterization of the csmD and csmE genes from Chlorobium tepidum. The CsmA, CsmC, CsmD, and CsmE proteins are components of the chlorosome envelope." Photosynthesis Research 50, no. 1 (October 1996): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00018220.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Boukadi, Khouloud, Lucien Vincent, Chirine Ghedira, and Zakaria Maamar. "CSMA." International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joci.2010040101.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the beginning of the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm, with its various implementation technologies such as Web services, the focus of industrial communities has been on providing tools that would allow seamless and flexible application integration within and across enterprises’ boundaries. In this paper, the authors present a Context-based, Service-oriented Modeling and Analysis (CSMA) method that guides service engineers in their choices of identifying, defining, and analyzing adaptable business services. The proposed method is business centric and comprises a set of structured steps grouped in two phases. Besides, the CSMA embraces Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) principles to model and refine adaptable business services models in the PIM level. The results from a pilot validation of CSMA for SOA enablement of a realistic enterprise training solutions are also presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Lim, J. T. "Asymptotic performance characteristics of CSMA and CSMA←CD→CSMA/CD networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2, no. 3 (1996): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1024123x96000300.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Saeed, Muhammad, Fazal Dayan, and Usman Ali. "A Comparative Study of FCSM, FSAW and TOPSIS Techniques using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers." Scientific Inquiry and Review 4, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir/2020/42/1235.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a comparative study of different techniques used for fuzzy multi-criteria expert’s decision-making (FMCEDM). These include CSM1, CSM2, CSM3, FSAW, and TOPSIS. We developed the methods CSM1 and CSM3 respectively and studied their validity by comparing their illustration results with that of CSM2, FSAW and TOPSIS. Expert’s ratings and weights were assigned in linguistic variables in terms of triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) to the FMCEDM problem. Airport performance evaluation and a personnel selection problem were studied as alternatives under different decision criteria and experts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Horiuchi, Hiroyuki, Makoto Fujiwara, Shuichi Yamashita, Akinori Ohta, and Masamichi Takagi. "Proliferation of Intrahyphal Hyphae Caused by Disruption ofcsmA, Which Encodes a Class V Chitin Synthase with a Myosin Motor-Like Domain in Aspergillus nidulans." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 12 (June 15, 1999): 3721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.12.3721-3729.1999.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT We have found that the Aspergillus nidulans csmA gene encodes a novel protein which consists of an N-terminal myosin motor-like domain and a C-terminal chitin synthase domain (M. Fujiwara, H. Horiuchi, A. Ohta, and M. Takagi, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 236:75–78, 1997). To clarify the roles of csmA in fungal morphogenesis, we constructed csmA null mutants. The growth rate of the mutant colonies was almost the same as that of the wild-type strain, but hyphal growth was severely inhibited when a chitin-binding reagent, Calcofluor white or Congo red, was added to the medium. Moreover, morphological abnormalities in tip growth and septum formation were identified microscopically. Proliferation of intracellular new hyphae, called intrahyphal hyphae, which behaved as intrinsic hyphae, was the most striking phenotypic feature among them. These phenotypes were not suppressed when the only chitin synthase domain of csmA was expressed under the control of thealcA promoter, whereas they were suppressed when the intact form of csmA was expressed. Therefore, it was concluded that the product of csmA (CsmA) has important roles in polarized cell wall synthesis and maintenance of cell wall integrity and that the myosin motor-like domain is indispensable for these functions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ding, Hong Wei, Zheng Wang, Yi Fan Zhao, Zhe Zheng, and Qian Lin Liu. "The Throughput Analysis of IBTCRPP-CSMA in Ad Hoc Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.888.

Full text

Abstract:

From the point of view to improve QoS of Ad Hoc network, this paper analyses the problem about mobile nodes in Ad Hoc network and decides to solve the problem by designing effective MAC protocol. Therefore, a novel random multi-access protocol using Binary Tree Collision Resolution for collision packets in Probability-Persistent Random Multi-Access (IBTCRPP-CSMA) is proposed. The throughput of IBTCRPP-CSMA and computer simulation experiments are obtained. Simulation results agree with theoretical analysis. By contrasts of throughputs among several CSMA protocols, IBTCRPP-CSMA has higher throughput and channel utilization, thereby ensuring the system’s high QoS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kaur, Kulbir, and Kiran Kumar. "Slotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocols- A Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v7i2.3258.

Full text

Abstract:

CSMA/CA protocols rely on the random deferment of packet transmissions. Like most other protocols, CSMA/CA was designed with the assumption that the nodes would play by the rules. This is important the nodes themselves control deferment. However, with the higher programmability of the network adapters, the temptation to tamper with the software or firmware is likely to grow; in this way, a user could obtain a much larger share of the available bandwidth at the expenseof other users. This paper focuses on slotted CSMA/CA and tries to find out its limitations of the slotted CSMA/CA protocols.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Zhao, Yifan, Shengjie Zhou, Hongwei Ding, Shaowen Yao, Zhijun Yang, and Qianlin Liu. "CSMA/CA MAC Protocol with Function of Monitoring based on Binary Tree Conflict Resolution for Cognitive Radio Networks." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 8, no. 2 (April 2016): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2016040103.

Full text

Abstract:

The CSMA/CA protocol is the most widely-compete agreement used by a network. Therefore, MAC layer of cognitive radio networks mostly use the CSMA/CA protocol to provide the competitive channel resources. Due to the unique characteristics and related needs of the cognitive radio networks, design their network protocol is a critical task. For its characteristics, design and implement a comprehensive CSMA/CA protocol, including arrival rate control, priority services, monitoring, conflict resolution and increased throughput; elaborated protocol model, system throughput and other parameters, demonstrates the correctness of the CSMA/CA protocol; comparison with other protocols, highlighting the advantages of the agreement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Tan, H. H., and Kuang Tsai. "Packet output processes of CSMA and CSMA/CD protocols." IEEE Transactions on Communications 44, no. 4 (April 1996): 464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.489093.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Xia, Feng, Jie Li, Ruonan Hao, Xiangjie Kong, and Ruixia Gao. "Service Differentiated and Adaptive CSMA/CA over IEEE 802.15.4 for Cyber-Physical Systems." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/947808.

Full text

Abstract:

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that collect, exchange, manage information, and coordinate actions are an integral part of the Smart Grid. In addition, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in CPS, especially in the wireless sensor/actuator networks, plays an essential role in Smart Grid applications. IEEE 802.15.4, which is one of the most widely used communication protocols in this area, still needs to be improved to meet multiple QoS requirements. This is because IEEE 802.15.4 slotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) employs static parameter configuration without supporting differentiated services and network self-adaptivity. To address this issue, this paper proposes a priority-based Service Differentiated and Adaptive CSMA/CA (SDA-CSMA/CA) algorithm to provide differentiated QoS for various Smart Grid applications as well as dynamically initialize backoff exponent according to traffic conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SDA-CSMA/CA scheme significantly outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA in terms of effective data rate, packet loss rate, and average delay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Sangeetha, A., K. Parthiban, and R. Gopi. "Stability and Achieving Maximum Throughput Using Slotted Aloha and Csma with Multipacket Reception." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 2 (2015): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.321507.

Full text

Abstract:

The random access protocols with multi packet reception (MPR), which include both slotted-Aloha and slotted τ-persistent CSMA protocols. For both protocols, each node makes a transmission attempt in a slot with a given probability. The transmission channel is divided into equal slot using slotted-Aloha, then CSMA is used to check whether the channel is idle or not. CSMA is used to avoid collision that is occurred during transmission. Toward receive the optimal transmission probability maximizing a system throughput for both protocols and to develop a simple random access protocol with MPR, this achieves a system throughput close to the maximum value. Optimal transmission probability in the slotted-Aloha protocol is a good approximation for the τ-persistent CSMA protocol. A simple τ-persistent CSMA protocol with MPR is proposed which dynamically adjusts the transmission probability τ depending on the estimated number of active nodes, and thus can achieve a system throughput close to the maximum value.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Liu, Zheng Gang, Hong Wei Ding, Xiao Hui Ma, Qian Lin Liu, and Jia Long Xiong. "FPGA-Based Dual-Probabilities CSMA/CA Control System Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2297.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a protocol to improve traditional CSMA protocol: DP-CSMA/CA protocol. In this paper, it is used in the design of WSN communication system based on FPGA. By using the method of the averaging period, we give the throughput parameters of this improved system. Simulation results confirmed that the DP-CSMA/CA protocol improves the system performance. The FPGA design is also effective to improve the performance of module in WSN. We completed the design of system based on DP-CSMA with FPGA. The test results show that: throughput are improved, packet collision is reduced, and channel utilization is improved in different load. This system has the features of simple circuit, high reliability, and programmable upgraded.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Chuan Heng Foh and M. Zukerman. "CSMA with reservations by interruptions (CSMA/RI): a novel approach to reduce collisions in CSMA/CD." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 18, no. 9 (September 2000): 1572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.872947.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Shin, Youngran, Vinh Van Thai, Devinder Grewal, and Yulseong Kim. "Do corporate sustainable management activities improve customer satisfaction, word of mouth intention and repurchase intention? Empirical evidence from the shipping industry." International Journal of Logistics Management 28, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-11-2015-0220.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose As the concept of corporate sustainable management activities (CSMA) has become an increasingly important element of corporate management, much attention has been paid to its impact on customer relationship. Although there exists many studies concentrating mainly on the environment aspect of CSMA, only a few address the three dimensions of CSMA (environmental, social and economic) and examine their comprehensive impact on relationship marketing. In an attempt to fill this gap, the purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the influence of CSMA on customer satisfaction (CS), word of mouth intention (WOMI) and repurchase intention (RI). Design/methodology/approach The data come from 214 shipping industry practitioners (shippers, freight forwarders and third party logistics service providers in South Korea). Structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed to test the impact of CSMA on CS, WOMI and RI. Findings Based on a survey conducted in South Korea, the findings indicate that environmental and economic aspects of CSMA play a significant role in enhancing CS and the enhanced CS positively affects WOMI and RI. Research limitations/implications As the field data were obtained from only one industry, future replication of the findings to other industries should consider industry-specific factors, if applicable. Practical implications The results highlight several implications for shipping industry practitioners to consider when establishing the strategy for effective corporate sustainable management to enhance CS. Originality/value This study is one of the first empirical attempts to explore how CSMA affects CS in the shipping industry. In addition, this paper empirically investigates the influence of CS on WOMI and RI.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ashraf, Manzur, Aruna Jayasuriya, and Sylvie Perreau. "Load-regulated CSMA." International Journal of Communication Systems 22, no. 1 (January 2009): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.963.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Takagi, Hideaki, and Masayuki Murata. "Output processes of slotted persistent CSMA and CSMA/CD systems." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 13, no. 4-5 (January 1987): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(87)90008-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Guan, Jian, Fu-zhen Yuan, Zi-mu Mao, Hai-lin Zhu, Lin Lin, Harry Huimin Chen, and Jia-kuo Yu. "Fabrication of 3D-Printed Interpenetrating Hydrogel Scaffolds for Promoting Chondrogenic Differentiation." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132146.

Full text

Abstract:

The limited self-healing ability of cartilage necessitates the application of alternative tissue engineering strategies for repairing the damaged tissue and restoring its normal function. Compared to conventional tissue engineering strategies, three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a greater potential for developing tissue-engineered scaffolds. Herein, we prepared a novel photocrosslinked printable cartilage ink comprising of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (CSMA). The PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffolds possessed favorable compressive elastic modulus and degradation rate. In vitro experiments showed good adhesion, proliferation, and F-actin and chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the scaffolds. When the CSMA concentration was increased, the compressive elastic modulus, GAG production, and expression of F-actin and cartilage-specific genes (COL2, ACAN, SOX9, PRG4) were significantly improved while the osteogenic marker genes of COL1 and ALP were decreased. The findings of the study indicate that the 3D-printed PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffolds possessed not only adequate mechanical strength but also maintained a suitable 3D microenvironment for differentiation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production of BMSCs, which suggested this customizable 3D-printed PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffold may have great potential for cartilage repair and regeneration in vivo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Guo, Ying Ying, Hong Wei Ding, Yi Fan Zhao, Jia Guo, and Qian Lin Liu. "Probability Detection CSMA with Monitoring Based on the Improved Binary Tree Conflict Resolution Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.897.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a new wireless sensor network MAC protocol: the probability detection CSMA protocol with monitoring function based on the improved binary tree conflict resolution algorithm. By using the average cycle method, the paper gets the mathematical expressions of the throughput, system average delay of the probability detection CSMA protocol with monitoring function and the probability detection CSMA protocol with monitoring function based on the improved binary tree conflict resolution algorithm through complicated mathematical modeling, rigorous mathematical derivation. The computer simulation results not only confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis but also show that the probability detection CSMA protocol with monitoring function based on the improved binary tree conflict resolution algorithm due to adding to the conflict resolution algorithm, resulting in the increases of systemic throughput but increase the time delay of the system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Voiter, Anatolii P. "Analysis of the Influence of Self-Similar Traffic on Efficiency Multiple Access Protocols." Control Systems and Computers, no. 1 (301) (April 1, 2023): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/csc.2023.01.073.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. Traffic in modern telecommunication radio networks is self-similar, therefore, the use of methods for calculating the parameters of Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocols adopted in the classical theory of teletraffic, based on Poisson distribution models, leads to an underestimation of the load and stability of these protocols. Purpose. Build a mathematical model for the operation of synchronous CSMA protocols with flexible and rigid strategies in conditions of self-shaped traffic. Obtain average transmission rate equations and their comparative analysis of the results of studies of the same protocols for traffic with the Poisson distribution. Methods. The goal is achieved by creating and analyzing a mathematical model for the operation of synchronous CSMA protocols with flexible and rigid strategies under conditions of Pareto-distributing traffic. The model is described by the equations of the average protocol transfer rate, which are a function of traffic intensity and Pareto distribution parameters. Results. It has been proven that self-similar traffic has a significant impact on the stability limit of CSMA protocols and their throughput, which must be taken into account when using these protocols in radio networks with long-term dependence on traffic distribution. At the same time, there is a slight decrease in the maximum average transmission rate of CSMA protocols compared to the traffic model with the Poisson distribution. Conclusions. The proposed mathematical model of CSMA protocols with flexible and rigid strategies makes it possible to calculate the real values of the average speed, stability limit, and throughput of these protocols under conditions of self-similar traffic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Kim, Seungku. "Enabling WLAN and WPAN Coexistence via Cross-Technology Communication." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030707.

Full text

Abstract:

In the limited frequency spectrum shared by various wireless communication technologies, cross-technology interference is an important factor which determines communication performance. A variety of coexistence methods to reduce the impact of this interference have been studied, but most of them cannot explicitly coordinate the shared spectrum and are not practical. This paper presents an explicit coexistence mechanism using cross-technology communication among heterogeneous wireless technologies. This mimics “carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance” (CSMA/CA) via bidirectional cross-technology communication, which is called CTC-CSMA/CA. It allows communication between heterogeneous wireless technologies in order to achieve CSMA/CA. This accurately assigns required channel resources by directly sending and receiving feedback. CTC-CSMA/CA is a highly compatible technology because it does not require any modification to the IEEE 802.11 standard or any extra hardware. In addition, Zigbee can operate with a low duty cycle by synchronizing it to a periodic Wi-Fi beacon. We implemented CTC-CSMA/CA using a commodity Wi-Fi access point and a commercial Zigbee platform. Our experiments showed that the channels are coordinated more accurately by our method, which significantly improves Zigbee throughput, than by conventional schemes. We expect the proposed scheme to be an important application case in designing future cross-technology communication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Deng, Lili, Kangkang Ou, Jiaxin Shen, Baoxiu Wang, Shiyan Chen, Huaping Wang, and Song Gu. "Double Cross-Linked Chitosan/Bacterial Cellulose Dressing with Self-Healable Ability." Gels 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2023): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9100772.

Full text

Abstract:

Self-healing hydrogel products have attracted a great deal of interest in wound healing due to their ability to repair their own structural damage. Herein, an all-natural self-healing hydrogel based on methacrylated chitosan (CSMA) and dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DABC) is developed. MA is used to modify CS and obtain water-soluble biomaterial-based CSMA with photo crosslinking effects. BC is modified through a simple oxidation method to gain dialdehyde on the polymer chain. The success of the modification is confirmed via FTIR. Hydrogels are formed within 11 min through the establishment of a Schiff base between the amino of CSMA and the aldehyde of DABC. A dynamically reversible Schiff base bond endows hydrogel with good self-healing properties through macroscopic and microscopic observations. We observe the uniform and porous structure in the hydrogel using SEM images, and DABC nanofibers are found to be well distributed in the hydrogel. The compressive strength of the hydrogel is more than 20 kPa and the swelling rate sees over a 10-fold increase. In addition, the CSMA/DABC hydrogel has good cytocompatibility, with cell viability exceeding 90%. These results indicate that the all-natural self-healable CSMA/DABC hydrogel demonstrates strong application potential in wound healing and tissue repair.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Ndih, Eugène David Ngangue, and Soumaya Cherkaoui. "Mac for Physical-Layer Network Coding in VANETs." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2012100106.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, the authors present VPNC-MAC, a PNC-based MAC protocol for efficient and reliable periodic beacon broadcasts in VANETs. In addition to PNC-based scheduled transmissions, VPNC-MAC makes use of CSMA/CA to ensure fairness and flexibility with transmissions from CSMA-based nodes. VPNC-MAC consists of two phases: In the setup phase, a quasi-optimal mechanism of selecting a relay node is proposed to take into account both the position, and the remaining time the relay needs for delivering its current beacon. In the packet exchange phase, they define two priority modes to deal with the cohabitation of both the CSMA-based and the VPNC-based nodes, and also with unpredictable events such as emergency broadcasts. Contrary to the high-priority mode, the VPNC-based nodes AIFS in the low-priority mode is set such that the medium access is granted prior to CSMA-based nodes. Simulations results show that the global PRR in high-priority mode outperforms existing MAC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Schuiringa, Gerke H., Marko Mihajlovic, Corrinus C. van Donkelaar, Tina Vermonden, and Keita Ito. "Creating a Functional Biomimetic Cartilage Implant Using Hydrogels Based on Methacrylated Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid." Gels 8, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8070457.

Full text

Abstract:

The load-bearing function of articular cartilage tissue contrasts with the poor load-bearing capacity of most soft hydrogels used for its regeneration. The present study explores whether a hydrogel based on the methacrylated natural polymers chondroitin sulfate (CSMA) and hyaluronic acid (HAMA), injected into warp-knitted spacer fabrics, could be used to create a biomimetic construct with cartilage-like mechanical properties. The swelling ratio of the combined CSMA/HAMA hydrogels in the first 20 days was higher for hydrogels with a higher CSMA concentration, and these hydrogels also degraded quicker, whereas those with a 1.33 wt% of HAMA were stable for more than 120 days. When confined by a polyamide 6 (PA6) spacer fabric, the volumetric swelling of the combined CSMA/HAMA gels (10 wt%, 6.5 × CSMA:HAMA ratio) was reduced by ~53%. Both the apparent peak and the equilibrium modulus significantly increased in the PA6-restricted constructs compared to the free-swelling hydrogels after 28 days of swelling, and no significant differences in the moduli and time constant compared to native bovine cartilage were observed. Moreover, the cell viability in the CSMA/HAMA PA6 constructs was comparable to that in gelatin–methacrylamide (GelMA) PA6 constructs at one day after polymerization. These results suggest that using a HydroSpacer construct with an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like biopolymer-based hydrogel is a promising approach for mimicking the load-bearing properties of native cartilage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Politis, Anastasios C., and Hristos T. Anastassiu. "Performance Analysis of Resource Sharing During Downlink Multi-User Transmissions in CSMA/ECA Full Duplex WLANs." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2020-0005.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractFull Duplex (FD) wireless communications is considered to be the next big step for future Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Old (IEEE 802.11ac) and new (IEEE 802.11ax) WLAN features are expected to co-exist with FD operation. Some of these features include Downlink Multi-User (DL MU) transmissions at the physical layer while at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer techniques such as the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) sharing mechanism facilitates these multiuser transmissions. The traditional Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol is inadequate to support full duplex communications efficiently. A very promising adaptation of CSMA/CA and a powerful candidate as the basic channel access method for future WLANs is the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Enhanced Collision Avoidance (CSMA/ECA). In this paper, we provide an analytical model to assess the performance of resource sharing techniques in full duplex WLANs operating with the CSMA/ECA protocol. Our analysis is based on Markov chains to obtain an estimate of the achievable throughput of the Quality of Service Access Point (QAP) during DL MU transmissions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Takeshita, Norio, Akinori Ohta, and Hiroyuki Horiuchi. "CsmA, a Class V Chitin Synthase with a Myosin Motor-like Domain, Is Localized through Direct Interaction with the Actin Cytoskeleton inAspergillus nidulans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 4 (April 2005): 1961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0761.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the essential features of fungal morphogenesis is the polarized synthesis of cell wall components such as chitin. The actin cytoskeleton provides the structural basis for cell polarity in Aspergillus nidulans, as well as in most other eukaryotes. A class V chitin synthase, CsmA, which contains a myosin motor-like domain (MMD), is conserved among most filamentous fungi. The ΔcsmA null mutant showed remarkable abnormalities with respect to cell wall integrity and the establishment of polarity. In this study, we demonstrated that CsmA tagged with 9× HA epitopes localized near actin structures at the hyphal tips and septation sites and that its MMD was able to bind to actin. Characterization of mutants bearing a point mutation or deletion in the MMD suggests that the interaction between the MMD and actin is not only necessary for the proper localization of CsmA, but also for CsmA function. Thus, the finding of a direct interaction between the chitin synthase and the actin cytoskeleton provides new insight into the mechanisms of polarized cell wall synthesis and fungal morphogenesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Huwae, Raphael Bianco, Andy Hidayat Jatmika, and Noor Alamsyah. "EVALUASI PERFORMANSI PROTOKOL 6LOWPAN TERHADAP CSMA/CA PADA PERANGKAT IOT." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi, Komputer, dan Aplikasinya (JTIKA ) 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jtika.v5i1.289.

Full text

Abstract:

The Internet of Things (IoT) has unique design requirements compared to typical network devices, particularly regarding energy efficiency and performance expectations. To meet the need for low power consumption and easy integration with existing IP network devices, 6LoWPAN is a viable option. 6LoWPAN is an adaptation layer that enables efficient transport of IPv6 packets within small link layer frames, such as those defined by IEEE 802.15.4. In this study, we conducted experiments to compare the delay and throughput performance of 6LoWPAN to the legacy CSMA/CA protocol, which uses IPv4 for addressing. In the experiment, NS3 was utilized to construct separate network system architectures for 6LoWPAN and CSMA/CA. The tests were conducted individually based on various research scenarios, with each scenario comprising 50 to 750 nodes and utilizing the same traffic type. The results were visualized for ease of comparison and analysis. Our experiment revealed that CSMA/CA outperforms 6LoWPAN in terms of both throughput and delay. Specifically, the average throughput of CSMA/CA was 2.345 times greater than that of 6LoWPAN, while the average delay was 2.54 times shorter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Liu, Dong Mei, and Jun Song Zhang. "On the Model Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Library Information Service." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4570.

Full text

Abstract:

In wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee,we often see such a model that full symmetric transmission model of competition for channel resources based on CSMA/CA algorithm. For the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of entire network,this paper establishes a model that communicate as planned which based on CSMA/CA algorithm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Hüseyn oğlu Məmmədov, Famil. "Mathematical models of wireless local communication networks and methods of calculation of probability-time characteristics." SCIENTIFIC WORK 75, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/75/148-154.

Full text

Abstract:

802.11 standartı və CSMA/CA protokolu əsasında qurulmuş simsiz lokal rabitə şəbəkələrinə baxılır. Baxılan şəbəkələr üzrə verilənlərin ötürülməsi zam- anı yaranan fiziki və ehtimal prosesləri nəzərə almaqla z-çevirməsi əsasında, onların riyazi modeli işlənmışdir. Bu model əsasında bilavasitə birləşmə və gözləmə prinsipli həlledicili əks əlaqəli alqoritmılərdən istifadə etməklə baxılan şəbəkələrin riyazi modelləri və ehtimal-zaman xarakteristikalarının hesablanması metodları işlənmişdir. Açar sözlər: simsiz lokal rabitə şəbəkələr, 802.11 stanrartı, CSMA/CA protokolu, z-çevirməsi, riyazi modellər, ehtimal-zaman xarakteristikaları Famil Huseyn Mammadov Mathematical models of wireless local communication networks and methods of calculation of probability-time characteristics Summary Wireless LANs based on the 802.11 standard and the CSMA/CA protocol are considered. Based on the z-transformation of the data in the networks in question, their mathematical models were developed, taking into account the physical and probabilistic processes that occur during their transmission. On this model, mathematical models and methods for calculating the probability-time characteristics of the networks under consideration were developed using directly connected and expectant decision feedback algorithms. Key words: wireless local area networks, 802.11 standard, CSMA/CA protocol, z-conversion, mathematical models, probability-time characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Liu, Yang, Lei Liu, Jiacheng Liang, Jin Chai, Xuemei Lei, and Hui Zhang. "High-Performance Long Range-Based Medium Access Control Layer Protocol." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081273.

Full text

Abstract:

Long Range (LoRa) has become one of the most promising physical layer technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Although it manifests low-power consumption and long-distance communication, LoRa encounters a large number of collisions in the IoT environment, which severely affects the system’s throughput and delay performance. In this paper, a code division carrier sense multiple access (CD/CSMA) protocol that resolves the traditional channel collision problem and implements multi-channel transmission is proposed for the LoRa medium access control (MAC) layer. To reduce data transmission delay and maximize the throughput of the system, the adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol divides the channel load into four states and dynamically adjusts the data transmission probability. Then, to reduce channel collisions significantly, the code division multiple access (CDMA) protocol is performed on different channel states. Moreover, the combination of the proposed adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol and the CDMA successfully reduces the number of data retransmissions and makes LoRa more stable. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive p-persistent CD/CSMA protocol can achieve near-optimal and occasionally even better performance than some conventional MAC protocols, especially in a heavy load channel.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Nguyen, VanDung, Tran Anh Khoa, Thant Zin Oo, Nguyen H. Tran, Choong Seon Hong, and Eui-Nam Huh. "Time Slot Utilization for Efficient Multi-Channel MAC Protocol in VANETs." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093028.

Full text

Abstract:

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), many schemes for a multi-channel media access control (MAC) protocol have been proposed to adapt to dynamically changing vehicle traffic conditions and deliver both safety and non-safety packets. One such scheme is to employ both time-division multiple access (TDMA) and carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) schemes (called a hybrid TDMA/CSMA scheme) in the control channel (CCH) interval. The scheme can adjust the length of the TDMA period depending on traffic conditions. In this paper, we propose a modified packet transmitted in the TDMA period to reduce transmission overhead under a hybrid TDMA/CSMA multi-channel MAC protocol. Simulation results show that a MAC protocol with a modified packet supports an efficient packet delivery ratio of control packets in the CCH. In addition, we analyze the hybrid TDMA/CSMA multi-channel MAC protocol with the modified packet under saturated throughput conditions on the service channels (SCHs). The analysis results show that the number of neighbors has little effect on the establishment of the number of time slots in TDMA periods and on SCHs under saturated throughput conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Xu, Xin Yue, Xue Mei Ye, Yun Jie Zhu, Yu Jia Dai, Xue Song Li, and Zheng Zheng Gong. "Research on Wireless Network Traffic Modeling Based on Channel State." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 1679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.1679.

Full text

Abstract:

The IEEE802.11 protocol proposed the CSMA/CA mechanism [1] which is more adjustable to the application of the wireless channel based on CSMA. This article will analyze the property of the traffic in the multi-hop wireless network, give the definitions and the migration relationship of four channel states, provide a model for the traffic of the nodes and describe the relationship among the part of the parameters based on the IEEE802.11 protocol.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kouka, Neji, Tarek Guesmi, K. Ashokkumar, and Ouajdi Korbaa. "An Improvement of Contention Window for IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA/CA." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 3333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9181.

Full text

Abstract:

The IEEE 802.15.6 standard is become an essential wireless access technology for the WBAN networks, with an objective to adapt wireless communications to the recent applications. This paper proposes an improvement of the well known CSMA/CA procedure with an idea to give a new size of its contention window length. Simulation results show that, compared with standard IEEE 802.15.6, the delay time, packet loss rate of the improved CSMA/CA are be significantly reduced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Prodromides, K. H., and W. H. Sanders. "Performability evaluation of CSMA/CD and CSMA/DCR protocols under transient fault conditions." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 42, no. 1 (March 1993): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.210282.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Saravanan, M., Rajeev Sukumaran, M. R. Christhuraj, and T. T. Manikandan. "Stochastic Network Calculus Model for Delay Distribution of Time Division Multiple Access and Carrier Sense Multiple Access in Underwater Acoustic Wireless Communication." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 2885–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2325.

Full text

Abstract:

Underwater Acoustic wireless communication becomes a popular research area for transmitting and receiving data between the communicators in the ocean environment. High accuracy in data communication can be succeeded by proficient modeling of carrier sense multiple access and time division access. For such innovations, the system has to proceed with an appropriate framework to make constant data traffic and limitations on start to finish data traffic delays. There are two major wireless communication multiple access methods that can be utilized in real-time underwater networks. One of the multiple access schemes is TDMA and another one is CSMA/CA. This paper concentrated on the modeling of TDMA and CSMA/CA also proposes the comparison of delay (end-end) of both multiple access protocols. The results using SNC to obtain delay bounds and are associated with simulation. The results show TDMA has a lesser efficiency than CSMA/CA in the acoustic environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Lin, Wen Qi, Yi Liu, Li Meng Song, Yuan Jiao Zhang, and Fei Guo. "Comparison and Analysis of MAC Protocol in Multimedia Communications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.496.

Full text

Abstract:

MAC protocol analysis and comparison to the multimedia communication theory as the framework, firstly discusses the requirement of communication network in computer networks and multimedia applications. MAC protocols oriented to wireless sensor networks are compared and analyzed. Summary of CSMA/CA, CSMA/CD, S-MAC and basic principles and applicable occasions, main parameters is made. Properties of the three MAC protocols is compared. The results of this study provides reference for MAC protocol oriented to multimedia communications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Luwemba, Godfrey, Mussa M. Kissaka, and Prosper Mafole. "Exploring Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance Techniques for Resource Sharing in Broadband Power Line Communications." Tanzania Journal of Science 48, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i2.8.

Full text

Abstract:

A resource sharing in power line communications (PLC) for the home network is restricted by the channel assignment techniques which decide who has the right to gain access to send data. The channel assignment techniques include contention-free and contention-based. The former requires high synchronization due to the deterministic round-trip time. Besides, contention-based utilizes CSMA/CA techniques that allow stations in a network to compete for channel access and are suitable for decentralized network topology. However, a trade-off exists between the number of stations required to gain access versus system efficiency. Whilst some research has been carried out on CSMA/CA resource sharing techniques that allow only one user to transmit, there is very little work done on multiuser access to optimize system efficiency and reduce collisions in a network. The purpose of the current study was to review the CSMA/CA techniques for resource sharing to improve system efficiency in power line communications. In carrying out this study, a systematic literature review methodology to evaluate different related works and determine the most suitable approach to allow multiuser channel access was used. The study further demonstrated the impact multichannel access has on system efficiency. In addition, the study provides recommendations for future research. Keywords: CSMA/CA; Medium access control; OFDMA; power line; resource sharing;

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Lee, Yutae, Min Young Chung, and Tae-Jin Lee. "Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF under Nonsaturation Condition." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2008 (2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/574197.

Full text

Abstract:

Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) methods are considered to be attractive MAC protocols for wireless LANs. IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) is a random channel access scheme based on CSMA/CA method and the binary slotted exponential backoff procedure to reduce the packet collision. In this paper, we propose a new analytical model for a nonsaturated IEEE 802.11 DCF network and evaluate its performance. We verify our model using simulations and show that our results agree with the simulations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Casasayas, Maria, Jacinto García-Lorenzo, Beatriz Gómez-Ansón, Victoria Medina, Alejandro Fernández, Miquel Quer, and Xavier León. "Low skeletal muscle mass assessed directly from the 3rd cervical vertebra can predict pharyngocutaneous fistula risk after total laryngectomy in the male population." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 279, no. 2 (October 19, 2021): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-07127-3.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Purpose Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss and sarcopenia have been identified as risk factors for postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) formation after total laryngectomy (TL) and SMM assessed from a computed tomography image of the 3rd cervical vertebra (C3). Methods Retrospective study of 86 male patients who underwent TL between 2013 and 2019 in a single institution. We excluded women from the analysis due to our limited sample. SMM was determined from cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) measurement at C3 using the ImageJ software. Results were compared with those for the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) calculated from the estimated measure at 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3). Results PCF formation occurred in 21/86 patients. According to the CSMA at a C3 cut-off of 35.5cm2, of 18 patients (20.9%) with low SMM, 9 developed PCFs (50.0%). Among patients with normal SMM (n = 68, 79.1%), 12 developed PCFs (17.6%). The CSMA at C3 was the only variable significantly associated with PCF risk, which was 4.7 times greater in patients with low SMM (p = 0.007). Sarcopenia was more frequent in underweight patients (p = 0.0001), patients undergoing extended surgeries (p = 0.003), or presenting preoperative anaemia (p = 0.009) or hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.027). Conclusion Measuring the CSMA at C3 obtained results equivalent to those obtained by calculating the SMMI at L3, suggesting that direct SMM assessment from C3 is a useful approach to evaluating PCF formation risk after TL.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Nugraha, I. Gde Dharma, Edwiansyah Zaky Ashadi, and Ardiansyah Musa Efendi. "Performance Evaluation of Collision Avoidance for Multi-node LoRa Networks based on TDMA and CSMA Algorithm." Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications 15, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.58346/jowua.2024.i1.005.

Full text

Abstract:

LoRa can be used as the communication technology for the intelligent monitoring system. However, LoRa is usually used for outdoor communication. The usage of LoRa as indoor communication has many challenges. One of the challenges is that collision happens when using standard LoRa devices with only one channel. The algorithms based on TDMA (Time-division Multiple Access) and CSMA (Carrier-sense Multiple Access) protocols can be used to address this challenge. These two algorithms can be modified by applying the device that is the center of the network (gateway) as a central control and the data transmitter (sensor node) as a passive device. The test was conducted on the Intelligent Laboratory Monitoring System to evaluate this design on a multi-node LoRa network. RSSI testing proves that the distance and building interference affect the signal strength or RSSI of sensor nodes, so the average RSSI value is -73.75 with an RSSI threshold of value -106. The gateway successfully collected each sensor node data with an average success of about 64.953%. The experiment results show the success rate of the CSMA-based algorithm is 10% versus 100% in TDMA-based algorithm; the delay is 4125 ms for CSMA-based and 428.3 ms for TDMA-based. This result means that the CSMA-based algorithm is more complex, takes more time to process the data than the TDMA-based algorithm, has a low success rate, and is more prone to collisions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Saini, Akshita. "CSMA/CD with Priority Queue." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 11 (November 24, 2019): p95116. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.11.2019.p95116.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Shneer, Seva, and Peter M. van de Ven. "Comparing slotted and continuous CSMA." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 39, no. 2 (September 15, 2011): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2034832.2034840.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Shah, Devavrat, and Jinwoo Shin. "Delay optimal queue-based CSMA." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 38, no. 1 (June 12, 2010): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1811099.1811093.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Park, June S., Robert Bartoszyński, and Walter A. Rosenkrantz. "Stability ofp-Persistent CSMA/CD." ORSA Journal on Computing 7, no. 2 (May 1995): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.7.2.149.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Pitts, Robert A., Ralph Martinez, and Larry C. Schooley. "CSMA/CD with network partitioning." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 26, no. 4 (December 1993): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(93)90080-n.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Tortelier, Patrick, and Didier Le Ruyet. "Erasure correction-based CSMA/CA." Annals of Telecommunications 72, no. 11-12 (August 25, 2017): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12243-017-0606-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Yasuda, Chikara, Chikato Fujiwara, and Takaaki Okumoto. "An adaptive CSMA/CD system." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 74, no. 7 (July 1991): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410740703.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gejji, Raghvendra R. "CSMA/CD Network Problem Threshold." International Journal of Network Management 3, no. 4 (December 1993): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560030403.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Peng, Wuxu, and Shamila Makki. "The CSMA/DM LAN protocol." International Journal of Communication Systems 19, no. 8 (2006): 897–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.775.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'CSMA'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles