Journal articles: 'CSL-model'

1

Remke, Anne, Boudewijn R. Haverkort, and Lucia Cloth. "CSL model checking algorithms for QBDs." Theoretical Computer Science 382, no. 1 (August 2007): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2007.05.007.

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Spieler, David, Ernst Moritz Hahn, and Lijun Zhang. "Model Checking CSL for Markov Population Models." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 154 (June 6, 2014): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.154.7.

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Piscicchia, Kristian, Angelo Bassi, Catalina Curceanu, Raffaele Grande, Sandro Donadi, Beatrix Hiesmayr, and Andreas Pichler. "CSL Collapse Model Mapped with the Spontaneous Radiation." Entropy 19, no. 7 (June 29, 2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e19070319.

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Buckberry, Lorraine D., Ian S. Blagbrough, Barrie W. Bycroft, and P. Nicholas Shaw. "Bovine Pulmonary, Hepatic and Renal Tissues: Models for the Study of Mammalian C-S Lyase Enzymes." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 21, no. 3 (July 1993): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299302100306.

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C-S lyase (CSL) enzymes are responsible for the generation of toxicity via the cleavage of cysteine conjugates to generate reactive thiol species. In order to explore and characterise CSL activity in mammalian organs, cysteine conjugate CSL enzymes were isolated from bovine pulmonary, hepatic and renal tissues. Bovine tissue”, obtained from the abbatoir, affords a readily available source of viable CSL enzymes, without the necessity of sacrificing large numbers of laboratory animals simply to provide tissue. We have demonstrated that significant CSL activity exists in bovine tissues, and that the level of this activity is comparable with that found in human tissues. These enzymes provide an explanation for the previously reported episodes of bovine toxicity, and may provide a reasonable model for other mammalian CSL enzymes.

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Donatelli, S., S. Haddad, and J. Sproston. "Model Checking Timed and Stochastic Properties with CSL^{TA}." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 35, no. 2 (March 2009): 224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2008.108.

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Amparore, E. G., and S. Donatelli. "Efficient model checking of the stochastic logic CSL TA." Performance Evaluation 123-124 (July 2018): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peva.2018.03.002.

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KITANO, Y., M. TAKATA, and Y. KOMURA. "EXTENDED CSL-MODEL FOR GRAIN BOUNDARY IN LAYER STRUCTURES." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 49, no. C5 (October 1988): C5–207—C5–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1988521.

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Blom, Stefan, Boudewijn R. Haverkort, Matthias Kuntz, and Jaco van de Pol. "Distributed Markovian Bisimulation Reduction aimed at CSL Model Checking." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 220, no. 2 (December 2008): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2008.11.012.

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Gao, Yang, Ming Xu, Naijun Zhan, and Lijun Zhang. "Model checking conditional CSL for continuous-time Markov chains." Information Processing Letters 113, no. 1-2 (January 2013): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2012.09.009.

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10

Hoseini, S. Mahya, and Mohsen Soltanpour. "LONG-TERM PREDICTION OF CASPIAN SEA LEVEL UNDER CMIP6 SCENARIOS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 31, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.papers.5.

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Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is employed to predict the long-term Caspian Sea level (CSL). 114-year observed CSL data (1900-2014) and the precipitation and temperature of historical and future scenarios of Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 6 (CMIP6) are used to predict the future fluctuations of CSL (2015-2050). The values of the statistical indices in training, validating and testing periods (1900-2014) indicate the efficiency of the ANN in reconstruction of the CSL. Considering the outputs of different climate change projections (CMIP6) and excluding the human interventions, the study predicts the CSL fluctuation range of -28 m to -26m until 2050.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/Kfj-gr65TR8

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Kim, Chaeyeong, Go Oun Kim, and Jong-Sup Bae. "Cirsilineol Treatment Attenuates PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 13948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213948.

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Ultrafine particulate matter with less than 2.5 μm diameter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that causes severe lung damage. Currently, effective treatment and preventive methods for PM2.5-induced lung damage are limited. Cirsilineol (CSL) is a small natural compound isolated from Artemisia vestita. In this study, the efficacy of CSL on PM2.5-induced lung toxicity was tested, and its mechanism was identified. Lung injury was caused by intratracheal administration of PM2.5 suspension in animal models. Two days after PM2.5 pretreatment, CSL was injected via mouse tail vein for two days. The effects of CSL on PM2.5-induced lung damage, autophagy, apoptosis, and pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model and their mechanisms were investigated. CSL significantly suppressed histological lung damage and lung wet/dry weight proportion. CSL also significantly reduced PM2.5-induced autophagy dysfunction, apoptosis, lymphocyte suppression, and inflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF). Furthermore, CSL increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and significantly inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4, MyD88, and the autophagy proteins, Beclin1 and LC3II. Thus, CSL exerts protective effects on pulmonary damage by regulating mTOR and TLR2,4–myD88 autophagy pathways. Therefore, CSL can be used as an effective treatment for PM2.5-induced lung damage.

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Mar, Eric, Jensine Carreon, Wei Ming Dariotis, Russell Jeung, Philip Nguyen, and Isabelle Pelaud. "Serve the People! Asian American Studies at Fifty: Empowerment and Critical Community Service Learning at San Francisco State University." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 16, no. 1-2 (September 23, 2019): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus16.1-2_111-136_maretal.

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This essay reflects on five decades of growth of the nation’s first Asian American Studies Department at San Francisco State University (SFSU AAS), focusing on its primary commitment to community empowerment and critical “community service learning” (CSL) and also highlighting past and present struggles, challenges, and innovations. This collectively written analysis summarizes SFSU AAS departmental approaches to CSL and community-based participatory research and highlights two case studies: (1) refugees from Burma community health needs research and advocacy in Oakland and (2) the Diasporic Vietnamese Artists Network. We conclude by describing how we are applying our model and building support for critical CSL and argue that AAS and ethnic studies must reclaim CSL from the dominant “charity-based” model or risk losing our social justice orientation and commitment to empowerment and self-determination for our communities.

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Lu, Juexuan, Yajun Wang, Qi Shen, and Xuesong Gao. "Investment in Learning Chinese by International Students Studying Chinese as a Second Language (CSL)." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 15664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315664.

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This study, drawing on the theoretical model of investment, explores what motivates and encourages international students studying Chinese as a second language (CSL) to invest in their Chinese learning using Q sorting and interview data collected from 15 international undergraduate students studying in mainland China. The results reveal that: (1) CSL students’ incentives for investment are intra-personally and inter-personally diverse and can be divided into three categories (multilingual posture and cultural capital-oriented, economic capital-oriented, and cultural capital and experience-oriented); (2) CSL students’ Chinese learning investment is dynamic, as they aim to enrich their learning and life experiences after studying Chinese for a period of time; (3) CSL students’ investment is apparently driven by multiple perceived benefits, in that utilitarian objectives (e.g., scholarships, employment opportunities, and educational qualifications) are characteristic of CSL students’ investment, but are also interwoven with some non-utilitarian objectives (e.g., enriching one’s experience and making friends). The findings have some implications for CSL education and future studies.

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14

Tanaka, Sébastien, Claire Genève, Nathalie Zappella, Jennyfer Yong-Sang, Cynthia Planesse, Liliane Louedec, Wildriss Viranaïcken, et al. "Reconstituted High-density Lipoprotein Therapy Improves Survival in Mouse Models of Sepsis." Anesthesiology 132, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003155.

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Abstract Background High-density lipoproteins exert pleiotropic effects including antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing properties. The authors assessed the effects of reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (CSL-111) intravenous injection in different models of sepsis. Methods Ten-week-old C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture or intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. CSL-111 or saline solution was administrated 2 h after the sepsis. Primary outcome was survival. Secondary outcomes were plasma cell-free DNA and cytokine concentrations, histology, bacterial count, and biodistribution. Results Compared with saline, CSL-111 improved survival in cecal ligation and puncture and intraperitoneal models (13 of 16 [81%] survival rate vs. 6 of 16 [38%] in the cecal ligation and puncture model; P = 0.011; 4 of 10 [40%] vs. 0 of 10 [0%] in the intraperitoneal model; P = 0.011). Cell-free DNA concentration was lower in CSL-111 relative to saline groups (68 [24 to 123] pg/ml vs. 351 [333 to 683] pg/ml; P < 0.001). Mice injected with CSL-111 presented a decreased bacterial count at 24 h after the cecal ligation and puncture model both in plasma (200 [28 to 2,302] vs. 2,500 [953 to 3,636] colony-forming unit/ml; P = 0.021) and in the liver (1,359 [360 to 1,648] vs. 1,808 [1,464 to 2,720] colony-forming unit/ml; P = 0.031). In the pneumonia model, fewer bacteria accumulated in liver and lung of the CSL-111 group. CSL-111–injected mice had also less lung inflammation versus saline mice (CD68+ to total cells ratio: saline, 0.24 [0.22 to 0.27]; CSL-111, 0.07 [0.01 to 0.09]; P < 0.01). In all models, no difference was found for cytokine concentration. 111Indium bacterial labeling underlined a potential hepatic bacterial clearance possibly promoted by high-density lipoprotein uptake. Conclusions CSL-111 infusion improved survival in different experimental mouse models of sepsis. It reduced inflammation in both plasma and organs and decreased bacterial count. These results emphasized the key role for high-density lipoproteins in endothelial and organ protection, but also in lipopolysaccharide/bacteria clearance. This suggests an opportunity to explore the therapeutic potential of high-density lipoproteins in septic conditions. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

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15

Kuang, Yi, Anna Pyo, Natanel Eafergan, Brittany Cain, Lisa M. Gutzwiller, Ofri Axelrod, Ellen K. Gagliani, et al. "Enhancers with cooperative Notch binding sites are more resistant to regulation by the Hairless co-repressor." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 9 (September 24, 2021): e1009039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009039.

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Notch signaling controls many developmental processes by regulating gene expression. Notch-dependent enhancers recruit activation complexes consisting of the Notch intracellular domain, the Cbf/Su(H)/Lag1 (CSL) transcription factor (TF), and the Mastermind co-factor via two types of DNA sites: monomeric CSL sites and cooperative dimer sites called Su(H) paired sites (SPS). Intriguingly, the CSL TF can also bind co-repressors to negatively regulate transcription via these same sites. Here, we tested how synthetic enhancers with monomeric CSL sites versus dimeric SPSs bind Drosophila Su(H) complexes in vitro and mediate transcriptional outcomes in vivo. Our findings reveal that while the Su(H)/Hairless co-repressor complex similarly binds SPS and CSL sites in an additive manner, the Notch activation complex binds SPSs, but not CSL sites, in a cooperative manner. Moreover, transgenic reporters with SPSs mediate stronger, more consistent transcription and are more resistant to increased Hairless co-repressor expression compared to reporters with the same number of CSL sites. These findings support a model in which SPS containing enhancers preferentially recruit cooperative Notch activation complexes over Hairless repression complexes to ensure consistent target gene activation.

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16

Kitano, Y., M. Takata, and Y. Komura. "Boundary structure analysis of layered lattice – modification of CSL model." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 43, a1 (August 12, 1987): C255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767387078619.

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17

Adler, Stephen L., and Fethi M. Ramazanoğlu. "Photon-emission rate from atomic systems in the CSL model." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 40, no. 44 (October 16, 2007): 13395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/40/44/017.

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18

Adler, Stephen L., and Fethi M. Ramazanoglu. "Photon-emission rate from atomic systems in the CSL model." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 42, no. 10 (February 17, 2009): 109801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/42/10/109801.

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19

Feng, Yuan, and Lijun Zhang. "Precisely deciding CSL formulas through approximate model checking for CTMCs." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 89 (November 2017): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2017.05.014.

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20

Cusatis, Gianluca, Zdeněk P. Bažant, and Luigi Cedolin. "Confinement-shear lattice CSL model for fracture propagation in concrete." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 195, no. 52 (November 2006): 7154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2005.04.019.

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21

Ma, Yang, and Markus Kurscheidt. "Governance of the Chinese Super League." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 9, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-11-2017-0070.

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Purpose In 2017, the Chinese Super League (CSL), the first professional football division in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), became the highest-spending league in the international players’ transfer market, with a total spending of €377m. Moreover, the government of the PRC is backing the CSL with an ambitious football plan. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the governance of the CSL by questioning the organisational viability of the league. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the relevant international literature, this study is based on 14 recent scholarly articles published in Mandarin from 2013 to 2018 to reflect the national academic debate. Moreover, website research on all CSL clubs has been conducted. The institutional analysis follows the integrative change model of Cunningham (2002) complemented by agency and bureaucracy theory. Findings The CSL still faces substantial governance problems caused by the divergence of goal setting, organisational inefficiencies and compliance issues. The organisational change is notably constrained by internal competitive value commitments and external power dependency. Research limitations/implications The institutional findings on the CSL provide a starting point for empirical studies. The approach contributes to the theory of sport governance processes. Practical implications The material and insights are informative for decision makers to evaluate the competitiveness of the CSL. Originality/value This paper is the first international in-depth analysis of the governance of the CSL using the body of knowledge published in Mandarin.

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Kim, Dong Eun, Maria-Giuseppina Procopio, Soumitra Ghosh, Seung-Hee Jo, Sandro Goruppi, Francesco Magliozzi, Pino Bordignon, Victor Neel, Paolo Angelino, and G. Paolo Dotto. "Convergent roles of ATF3 and CSL in chromatin control of cancer-associated fibroblast activation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 214, no. 8 (July 6, 2017): 2349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170724.

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important for tumor initiation and promotion. CSL, a transcriptional repressor and Notch mediator, suppresses CAF activation. Like CSL, ATF3, a stress-responsive transcriptional repressor, is down-modulated in skin cancer stromal cells, and Atf3 knockout mice develop aggressive chemically induced skin tumors with enhanced CAF activation. Even at low basal levels, ATF3 converges with CSL in global chromatin control, binding to few genomic sites at a large distance from target genes. Consistent with this mode of regulation, deletion of one such site 2 Mb upstream of IL6 induces expression of the gene. Observed changes are of translational significance, as bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors, unlinking activated chromatin from basic transcription, counteract the effects of ATF3 or CSL loss on global gene expression and suppress CAF tumor-promoting properties in an in vivo model of squamous cancer–stromal cell expansion. Thus, ATF3 converges with CSL in negative control of CAF activation with epigenetic changes amenable to cancer- and stroma-focused intervention.

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Hinuma, Yoyo, Masanori Kohyama, and Shingo Tanaka. "Boundary plane-oriented grain boundary model generation." Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 30, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 045005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-651x/ac58b5.

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Abstract This study proposes algorithms for building tilt grain boundary (GB) models with a boundary plane-oriented approach that does not rely on existence of a coincidence site lattice (CSL). As conventional GB model generation uses the CSL of superimposed grains as the starting point, our totally different approach allows systematic treatment of diverse grain boundary systems that was previously not possible. Candidates of a pair of GB planes for a selected rotation axis, constituting a symmetrical or asymmetrical tilt GB, are thoroughly obtained by computational search that is applicable to any crystal structure. A GB interface for feasible computational analysis would have two-dimensional (2D) periodicity shared by the 2D lattices of the two GB planes, hence surface-slab supercells (slab-and-vacuum models) with common in-plane basis vectors of the shared 2D lattice are obtained. Finally, a procedure to obtain a GB-model supercell with alternately stacking such slabs is given. Symmetry operations of each slab may be considered such that the iterated interfaces are symmetrically equivalent, which is beneficial in ab initio calculations. The proposed algorithms allow streamlined generation of GB models, both symmetric and asymmetric, with or without an exact 3D-CSL relation.

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24

Huellen and Qin. "Compulsory Schooling and Returns to Education: A Re-Examination." Econometrics 7, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics7030036.

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This paper re-examines the instrumental variable (IV) approach to estimating returns to education by use of compulsory school law (CSL) in the US. We show that the IV-approach amounts to a change in model specification by changing the causal status of the variable of interest. From this perspective, the IV-OLS (ordinary least square) choice becomes a model selection issue between non-nested models and is hence testable using cross validation methods. It also enables us to unravel several logic flaws in the conceptualisation of IV-based models. Using the causal chain model specification approach, we overcome these flaws by carefully distinguishing returns to education from the treatment effect of CSL. We find relatively robust estimates for the first effect, while estimates for the second effect are hindered by measurement errors in the CSL indicators. We find reassurance of our approach from fundamental theories in statistical learning.

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Donadi, Sandro, Dirk-André Deckert, and Angelo Bassi. "On the spontaneous emission of electromagnetic radiation in the CSL model." Annals of Physics 340, no. 1 (January 2014): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2013.10.009.

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Turuncoglu, U. U., G. Giuliani, N. Elguindi, and F. Giorgi. "Modeling the Caspian Sea and its catchment area using a coupled regional atmosphere-ocean model (RegCM-ROMS): model design and preliminary results." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 5, no. 4 (November 26, 2012): 3907–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-3907-2012.

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Abstract. We describe the development of a coupled regional atmosphere-ocean model (RegCM-ROMS) and its implementation over the Caspian Sea basin. The coupled model is run for the period 1999–2008 (after a spin up of 4 yr) and it is compared to corresponding stand alone model simulations and a simulation in which a distributed 1d lake model is run for the Caspian Sea. All model versions show a good performance in reproducing the climatology of the Caspian Sea basin, with relatively minor differences across them. The coupled ROMS produces realistic, although somewhat overestimated, lake surface temperatures (LSTs), with a considerable improvement compared to the use of the simpler coupled lake model. Simulated near surface salinity and sea currents are also realistic, although the upwelling over the eastern coastal regions is underestimated. The distribution of sea ice over the shallow northern shelf of the Caspian Sea and its seasonal evolution are well reproduced. ROMS also calculates the Caspian Sea Level (CSL), showing that for the present experiment excessive evaporation over the lake area leads to a drift in estimated CSL. Despite this problem which requires further analysis due to many uncertainties in the estimation of CSL, overall the coupled RegCM-ROMS system shows encouraging results in reproducing both the climatology of the region and the basic characteristics of the Caspian Sea.

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Li, Jingwei, Chi Zhang, Linyuan Wang, Penghui Ding, Lulu Hu, Bin Yan, and Li Tong. "A Visual Encoding Model Based on Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning for Human Brain Activity along the Ventral Visual Stream." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081004.

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Visual encoding models are important computational models for understanding how information is processed along the visual stream. Many improved visual encoding models have been developed from the perspective of the model architecture and the learning objective, but these are limited to the supervised learning method. From the view of unsupervised learning mechanisms, this paper utilized a pre-trained neural network to construct a visual encoding model based on contrastive self-supervised learning for the ventral visual stream measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We first extracted features using the ResNet50 model pre-trained in contrastive self-supervised learning (ResNet50-CSL model), trained a linear regression model for each voxel, and finally calculated the prediction accuracy of different voxels. Compared with the ResNet50 model pre-trained in a supervised classification task, the ResNet50-CSL model achieved an equal or even relatively better encoding performance in multiple visual cortical areas. Moreover, the ResNet50-CSL model performs hierarchical representation of input visual stimuli, which is similar to the human visual cortex in its hierarchical information processing. Our experimental results suggest that the encoding model based on contrastive self-supervised learning is a strong computational model to compete with supervised models, and contrastive self-supervised learning proves an effective learning method to extract human brain-like representations.

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Chen, Jianli, Anny Cazenave, Song-Yun Wang, and Jin Li. "Caspian Sea Level Change Observed by Satellite Altimetry." Remote Sensing 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030703.

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We analyze satellite altimeter observed Caspian Sea level (CSL) changes over the period January 1993 to December 2021 using the lake level series from the Hydroweb project and global sea level anomalies (SLA) grids provided by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The two altimeter-based CSL series agree well at interannual and longer time scales, but show significantly large discrepancies at seasonal and shorter time scales. The large discrepancies are found to be introduced by the approximately inverted barometer (IB) correction applied to the CMEMS SLA over the Caspian Sea. The IB correction over the Caspian Sea or any enclosed lakes needs to be treated separately from the ocean by using the correct reference mean pressure. The actual IB effects over the Caspian Sea are significantly smaller than those applied in the CMEMS SLA grids. After applying an improved IB correction using the global mean sea level pressure fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis atmospheric model, the two CSL series agree remarkably well. Altimeter observed CSL series show a significant decreasing trend on top of strong seasonal variations. The estimated linear trends for the Hydroweb and CMEMS CSL series are −5.37±0.11 and −5.40±0.11 cm/yr, respectively. Annual amplitudes are 17.03±1.33 vs. 15.79±1.30 cm, with nearly the same phases. The CSL change shows notable acceleration in the decreasing trend since around 2005, and the estimated trends have increased to −8.86±0.10 and −8.81±0.10 cm/yr, respectively for the two-altimeter CSL series.

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Luo, Shaoqian, and Xiaohui Sun. "A Case Study on Intermediate CSL Learners’ Word Recognition Processes and Strategies in Contextual Reading Settings." Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 41, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 288–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2018-0023.

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Abstract This study investigates word recognition processes and strategies of intermediate learners of Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) in contextual reading settings. Two intermediate CSL learners were chosen as research participants, and think-aloud methods and retrospective interviews were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by using Moustakas’ data analysis procedure, Creswell’s three steps and Bogdon and Biklen’s data analysis methods. Results indicated that intermediate CSL learners go through different processes of word recognition as it might be automatic, based on context, pronunciation, previous knowledge and the meaning of characters, or, in case of word recognition failure, skipping the words or skipping them but reading them again later; and their word recognition strategies in contextual reading settings mainly include cognitive strategies and self-regulatory strategies. Among these strategies, cognitive strategies consist of direct transformation, translation, interpretation, guessing, inferring and finding key words; and self-regulatory strategies include metacognitive strategies, behavior regulating strategies, emotion regulating strategies and motivation regulating strategies. A model of intermediate CSL learners’ word recognition strategies can be constructed based on the results. The present study provides both theoretical and pedagogical implications in the field of CSL vocabulary acquisition and teaching.

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Zhang, W. Z. "Study of crystalline interfaces using Δ-G approach." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136878.

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The study of interfacial structure is a fundamental step to achieve the beneficial structure/property relationship in materials. A knowledge of phase boundaries may provide useful insights for a better understanding of the phase transformation. The O-lattice theory, containing the coincidence site lattice (CSL) model as a subset, has been widely applied and shown to account for boundaries of preferred orientation. Examples include low-Σ CSL grain boundaries with high-Γ (Σ=the ratio between the volumes of unit cells of CSL and the crystal lattice; Γ=the planar density of CSL points), and facets or habit plane of interfaces of precipitates.36 The indices of the crystals adjoining the boundary are commonly used to define the boundary plane. These indices do not reveal a direct connection between the O-lattice planes and the boundaries.This paper emphasizes the application of a simple parameter, Δg, for the study of interfaces and its relationship with the O-lattice planes.

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Turuncoglu, U. U., G. Giuliani, N. Elguindi, and F. Giorgi. "Modelling the Caspian Sea and its catchment area using a coupled regional atmosphere-ocean model (RegCM4-ROMS): model design and preliminary results." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-283-2013.

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Abstract. We describe the development of a coupled regional atmosphere-ocean model (RegCM4-ROMS) and its implementation over the Caspian Sea basin. The coupled model is run for the period 1999–2008 (after a spin up of 4 yr) and it is compared to corresponding stand alone model simulations and a simulation in which a distributed 1d lake model is run for the Caspian Sea. All model versions show a good performance in reproducing the climatology of the Caspian Sea basin, with relatively minor differences across them. The coupled ROMS produces realistic, although somewhat overestimated, Caspian Sea Surface Temperature (SST), with a considerable improvement compared to the use of the simpler coupled lake model. Simulated near surface salinity and sea currents are also realistic, although the upwelling over the eastern coastal regions is underestimated. The sea ice extent over the shallow northern shelf of the Caspian Sea and its seasonal evolution are well reproduced, however, a significant negative bias in sea-ice fraction exists due to the relatively poor representation of the bathymetry. ROMS also calculates the Caspian Sea Level (CSL), showing that for the present experiment excessive evaporation over the lake area leads to a drift in estimated CSL. Despite this problem, which requires further analysis due to many uncertainties in the estimation of CSL, overall the coupled RegCM4-ROMS system shows encouraging results in reproducing both the climatology of the region and the basic characteristics of the Caspian Sea.

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32

Chen, Guangyan. "Examining rating criteria used to assess U.S. college students’ Chinese oral performance." Chinese as a Second Language (漢語教學研究—美國中文教師學會學報). The journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, USA 51, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 286–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/csl.51.3.04che.

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This study empirically examines the rating criteria used to assess U.S. college students’ CSL (Chinese as a Second Language) oral performance by analyzing teachers’ assessment of these performances at different proficiency levels. The researcher videotaped ten speeches, and three ACTFL-trained raters assessed oral performance in these samples. The researcher then selected three samples (Samples 1, 2, and 3) to represent Novice High, Intermediate High, and Advanced Low levels. The researcher developed 20 rating items through interviewing ten experienced CSL teachers and running an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on teachers’ assessments of speech samples. After that, 104 CSL teachers used these rating items to assess the aforementioned samples. The EFAs of teachers’ assessments led to three corresponding rating criteria models (Models 1, 2, and 3). Both Models 2 and 3 for Samples 2 and 3, respectively, were five-criterion models, consisting of fluency, conceptual understanding, content richness, communication appropriateness, and communication clarity. Model 1 for Sample 1 was a four-criterion model, in which the items in communication appropriateness and content richness showed high correlations, and therefore were merged into one category; the other three criteria remained the same. Comparisons of the three models demonstrated that the criteria were constant. The ANOVAs showed that the proficiency levels of these oral performances differed significantly across all five rating criteria. This study empirically supports CSL teachers’ use of constant rating criteria to assess different levels of oral performance. It also provides Chinese teachers with rating criteria they can use to assess U.S. college students’ CSL oral performance.

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Onen, A. I., B. T. Nwufo, and E. E. Ebenso. "The Effects ofCassia SiameaLam. Root Extract on the Corrosion and Kinetics of Corrosion Process of Copper in Alkaline Solutions." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 4 (2011): 1708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/372903.

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The effect ofCassia siamealam. (CSL) root extract as a corrosion inhibitor of copper in 0.50 M NaOH solutions was investigated using absorbance difference technique at 30 °C and 40 °C. CSL root extract inhibited the corrosion of copper in 0.50 M NaOH solutions and the inhibition efficiency (% IE) increased to a maximum of 78.3±2.3% with increasing concentration of the extract but decreased with increasing temperature. The adsorption of CSL root extract on copper surface followed the Langmuir adsorption model with the average heat of adsorption, Qadsand free energy of adsorption, ΔGadsof -8.98 kJmol-1and -8.70 kJmol-1respectively. A kinetic treatment of the data revealed a first order kinetics with respect to copper in the presence and absence of the extract.

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Annamalai, Vinoth Kumar, and Selvakumaran Thunaipragasam. "Design, modeling and simulation of a control surface-less tri-tilt-rotor UAV." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 94, no. 4 (November 4, 2021): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2021-0253.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to design a flight control model for a control surface-less (CSL) tri-tilt-rotor (TTR) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to stabilize the altitude and attitude of the UAV subjected to various flying conditions. Design/methodology/approach First, the proposed UAV with a tilting mechanism is designed and analyzed to obtain the aerodynamic parameters. Second, the dynamics of the proposed UAV are mathematically modeled using Newton-Euler formation. Then, the PID controller is implemented in the simulation model to control flight maneuvers. The model parameters were implemented in a mathematical model to find the system’s stability for various flight conditions. The model was linearized to determine the PID gain values for vertical take-off and landing, cruise and transition mode. The PID controller was tuned to obtain the desired altitude and attitude in a short period. The tuned PID gain values were implemented in the PID controller and the model was simulated. Findings The main contribution of this study is the mathematical model and controller for a UAV without any control surface and uses only a thrust vector control mechanism which reduces the complexity of the controller. The simulation has been carried out for various flight conditions. The altitude PID controller and the attitude PID controller for CSL-TTR-UAV were tuned to obtain desired altitude and attitude within the optimum duration of 4 s and deviation in the attitude of 8%, which is within the allowable limit of 14%. The findings obtained from the simulation revels that the altitude and attitude control of the CSL-TTR-UAV was achieved by controlling the rpm of the rotor and tilt angle using the PID controller. Originality/value A novel CSL TTR UAV mathematical model is developed with a dual tilting mechanism for a tail rotor and single axis tilt for the rotors in the wing. The flight control model controls the UAV without a control surface using a PID controller for the thrust vector mechanism.

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Yao, Yiming, and Anders R. Thölén. "Characterization of Contacting Boundaries between Nanoparticles with LACBED." Microscopy and Microanalysis 9, no. 3 (May 23, 2003): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927603030186.

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The boundary parameters between contacting spherical bcc-Fe particles have been characterized with the Large Angle Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction (LACBED) technique. The average accuracy of measurements can reach 0.07°. The rotation parameters are interpreted using matrix algebra and evaluated according to the CSL model. The deviation between the experimental results and the reference misorientations given in the CSL model is determined. It is possible to reveal preferential misorientations between irregularly shaped particles with a size less than 100 nm. The method can be applied to nanoparticles and nanocrystalline materials with a wide range of grain orientations, and it is possible to modify it into an automatic method for TEM measurements.

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Peng, Dan, Fan Ouyang, Min Deng, Lei Nie, and Sifang Kong. "A Comprehensive Characterization of Different Fractions of Corn Stover and Their Relationships to Multipollutant Sorption Characteristics." Adsorption Science & Technology 2021 (August 6, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9988938.

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Corn stover (CS) is mainly composed of three parts: pith (CSP), rind (CSR), and leaf (CSL). These parts have different lignocellulosic constituents and structural properties. Herein, biosorbents derived from individual corn stover constituents were prepared in an effort to determine the significance of each constituent for multipollutant removal. In this study, SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, fibre composition, and contact angle measurements were used to characterize and analyse the physical and chemical properties of the three components of CS and to study their adsorption effects, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. The lignocellulosic compositions of CSP and CSR were similar, the cellulose content in CSP and CSR was significantly higher than that in CSL, and the hemicellulose content of CSL was much higher than those of CSP and CSR. The minimum lignin content was found in CSP, and the maximum lignin content was found in CSR. The results show that each component had a certain adsorption effect on typical organic pollutants (antibiotics, oils, and dyes). CSP had the strongest oil adsorption capacity, CSR was more suitable for adsorbing antibiotics, and CSL had outstanding adsorption capacity for dye. The pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model could describe the adsorption processes well, and they consisted of monolayer adsorption accompanied by chemical adsorption reactions. The focus of this study was to provide references for selecting effective adsorbent precursors to remove organic pollutants from wastewater.

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Piscicchia, Kristian, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, Luca De Paolis, Raffaele Del Grande, et al. "γ-ray high sensitivity tests of Collapse Models." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012167.

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Abstract The article reviews our recent experimental results on the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) model and on the gravity related collapse model developed by Diósi and Penrose (DP). These models of dynamical reduction of the wave function consist in non-linear and stochastic modifications of the Schröedinger equation, which lead to a progressive breakdown of the superposition principle, as the size of the system increases. We performed a high sensitivity survey of the spontaneous radiation phenomenon, predicted by the collapse models, at the Gran Sasso underground National Laboratory of INFN in Italy. Our studies set the strongest bounds on the CSL parameters, in a broad region of the parameters space, and rule out the DP in its present formulation.

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Scalzini, Giulia, Alejandro López-Prieto, Maria A. Paissoni, Vasileios Englezos, Simone Giacosa, Luca Rolle, Vincenzo Gerbi, et al. "Can a Corn-Derived Biosurfactant Improve Colour Traits of Wine? First Insight on Its Application during Winegrape Skin Maceration versus Oenological Tannins." Foods 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121747.

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In winemaking, oenological tannins are used to preserve wine colour by enhancing the antioxidant activity, taking part in copigmentation, and forming polymeric pigments with anthocyanins. As a novel processing aid, in this study, a biosurfactant extract was evaluated as a solubilizing and stabilizing agent of anthocyanins in red wine. The biosurfactant extract under evaluation was obtained from a fermented residual stream of the corn milling industry named corn steep liquor (CSL). Two red winegrape varieties (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Aglianico and Cabernet sauvignon) were studied for anthocyanin content and profile, and colour traits, during simulated skin maceration for 7 days at 25 °C, as well as polymerization and copigmentation at the end of maceration. A model wine solution was used as a control, which was added either with the CSL biosurfactant or with four different oenological tannins (from grape skin, grape seed, quebracho, and acacia). The results showed that CSL biosurfactant addition improved the colour properties of skin extracts by the formation of more stable compounds mainly through copigmentation interactions. These preliminary results highlighted that the effectiveness of CSL biosurfactant is variety-dependent; however, there is no significant protection of individual anthocyanin compounds as observed for delphinidin and petunidin forms using quebracho tannin.

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Castelli, Christian M., and Nigel M. Allinson. "Performance Model for High Spatial Resolution Csl Scintillator Screens Coupled to CCD Detectors." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (1995): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-1995-5204.

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KITANO, Yasuyuki, and Masaki TAKATA. "Boundary structures in the Laves phase application of CSL-model to layer structures." Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi 32, no. 3 (1990): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.32.152.

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Marchese, Marta Maria, Alessio Belenchia, and Mauro Paternostro. "Optomechanics-Based Quantum Estimation Theory for Collapse Models." Entropy 25, no. 3 (March 14, 2023): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030500.

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We make use of the powerful formalism of quantum parameter estimation to assess the characteristic rates of a continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model affecting the motion of a massive mechanical system. We show that a study performed in non-equilibrium conditions unveils the advantages provided by the use of genuinely quantum resources—such as quantum correlations—in estimating the CSL-induced diffusion rate. In stationary conditions, instead, the gap between quantum performance and a classical scheme disappears. Our investigation contributes to the ongoing effort aimed at identifying suitable conditions for the experimental assessment of collapse models.

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Zhu, Zhehao, and Wei Cheng. "Parameter Evaluation of Exponential-Form Critical State Line of a State-Dependent Sand Constitutive Model." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010328.

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In sand constitutive models, it is of cardinal importance to consider a state parameter to distinguish the real dilatancy for cohesionless soils (sand), which is different from cohesive soils (clay). Thus, one of the key issues in simulating the sand behaviour is the better representation and parameter calibration of critical state line (CSL) for estimating contraction in loose state and dilatancy in dense state, respectively. For this purpose, a new exponential form for CSL with two model constants a and b has been presented in the literature. This paper provides a valuable insight into the two model constants, controlling the shape of the critical state line by simulating a uniform quartz reference sand (Hostun RF) in loose and dense states under undrained triaxial conditions. It can be concluded that the liquefaction behaviour in loose state is fundamentally affected by even a minor variation in model constant a , but insensitive to model constant b . Moreover, the linear fitting calibration of CSL recommended in the literature is complicated in consideration of the non-unified critical state line. Thus, the maximum void ratio in the natural state could be considered as a comparison basis on which to evaluate the liquefaction potential as an alternative. The numerical results showed good agreement with real experimental data. However, in dense state, the dilatant behaviour of sand was found to be mainly controlled by model parameter b . In addition, the influence of a non-unified critical state under various confining pressures on the determination of b should not be neglected. With the correction of b , the numerical results were found to be consistent with the experimental data concerning Hostun RF sand.

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Sekoai, Patrick T., Augustine O. Ayeni, and Michael O. Daramola. "Parametric Optimization of Citric Acid Production from Apple Pomace and Corn Steep Liquor by a Wild Type Strain of Aspergillus niger: A Response Surface Methodology Approach." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 36 (June 2018): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.36.98.

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In this work, parametric optimization of citric acid production (yield) from six process variables: apple pomace (AP) concentration, volume of corn steep liquor (CSL), pH, temperature, methanol concentration, and methanol addition time is reported. Fifty-four experiments were performed according to the Box-Behnken design method. A polynomial regression model was developed from the experimental data and effects of the variables were explained using response surface methodology approach. A coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.92 indicated the significance of the model. The optimum conditions for citric acid yield obtained from the model were 33.81 g/L of AP, 42.5 g/L of CSL, 2.05% (v/v) of methanol concentration, methanol addition time of 33 h, pH 4.54, and temperature of 32.88 °C with a corresponding yield of 62.00 g/L. Conducting an experiment using the optimum conditions gave citric acid yield of 68.26 g/L, a 10% increase over the model results.

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Kitano, Yasuyuki, and Masaki Takata. "Coincidence-site-lattice-pattern (CSL-pattern) of 70.5°/[110] boundary of the 6H-type layer structure." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 356–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100174916.

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The most useful and intuitive model may be a CSL-model to analyze boundary structures. In order to apply the CSL-model to layer structures, we have proposed to use ‘lattice point’ in a wide sence and to add extra lattice points to the Bravais lattice points when interpenetrating(IP)-lattices are drawn. These lattice points will be called ‘extended lattice points’. It is well known that a layer structure is built up with (almost) identical layers stacking on the top of the others with a cirtain amount of shift in a direction perpendicular to the stacking. Each layer consists of one or more atomic planes and has almost (or exactly) the same atomic configuration. The extended lattice points can be defined as the origins in each layer in crystal. The number of such points depends upon the number of layers in a unit cell.To draw IP-lattices we have adopted all the extended lattice points in addition to the Bravais lattice points. There are three important advantages of doing this extension. First is that the Coincidence-Sites in the IP-lattices drawn do not scatter homogeneously, but gather in a region and make a cluster. They exibit a characteristic pattern of Coincidence-Sites. This pattern is called a CSL-pattern. Second is that the DSC-lattice (Displacement Shift Complete Lattice) provides a set of basic vectors smaller than predicted before extention.

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Fujii, Tomoyuki, Takaya Furumoto, Keiichiro Tohgo, and Yoshinobu Shimamura. "Crystallographic Evaluation of Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion in Austenitic Stainless Steel with Various Degrees of Sensitization." Materials 13, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030613.

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This study investigated the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion (IGC) in austenitic stainless steel with various degrees of sensitization (DOSs) from a microstructural viewpoint based on the coincidence site lattice (CSL) model. IGC testing was conducted using oxalic acid and type 304 stainless steel specimens with electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) ratios that varied from 3 to 30%. As a measure of IGC susceptibility, the width of the corroded groove was used. The relationship between IGC susceptibility, grain boundaries (GB) structure, and EPR ratio of the specimens was evaluated. As a result, the IGC susceptibility cannot be characterized using the Σ value, irrespective of the DOS of the specimen. The IGC susceptibility increases with increasing unit cell area of CSL boundaries, which is a measure of the stability of the CSL boundaries, and then levels off. The relationship between the IGC susceptibility and unit cell area is sigmoidal, irrespective of the DOS of the specimen. The sigmoid curve shifts rightward and the upper bound of IGC susceptibility decreases with decreasing DOS of the specimen.

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Ushigami, Yoshiyuki, Tomoji Kumano, Tsutomu Haratani, Shuichi Nakamura, Shigeto Takebayashi, and Takeshi Kubota. "Secondary Recrystallization in Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.853.

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Mechanism of Goss secondary recrystallization in grain-oriented silicon steel has been investigated by temperature gradient annealing and by in situ observation utilizing synchrotron x-ray topography. The results support the selective growth theory. Migration of Goss grains is controlled by second phase particles (inhibitor) and sharper Goss grains, which have higher frequency of CSL boundaries to the matrix, start to grow preferentially while the other matrix grains are stagnated by inhibitor. CSL boundaries are supposed to have lower grain boundary energy, thus suffer lower pinning force from the inhibitor and start to migrate at higher inhibition level. Based on this model, we have made a computer simulation and have found that this model successfully depicts the important features of secondary recrystallization; grain growth behavior of secondary grains, secondary grain size and sharpness of Goss texture.

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Gertsman, V. Yu, and Jerzy A. Szpunar. "On the Applicability of the CSL Model to Grain Boundaries in Non-Cubic Materials." Materials Science Forum 294-296 (November 1998): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.294-296.181.

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Doni, E. G., and G. L. Bleris. "Study of special triple junctions and faceted boundaries by means of the CSL model." Physica Status Solidi (a) 110, no. 2 (December 16, 1988): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211100208.

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Pestel, Sabine, Hendrik Peil, Steffi Knoll Machado, Philipp Claar, Elmar Raquet, Padmapriya Ponnuswamy, Marcel Mischnik, Oliver Ghobrial, and Eva Herzog. "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Recombinant FIX Variants in the FIX Knockout Mouse Tail Clip Bleeding Model." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 3180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-147819.

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Abstract Introduction: The recessive X-linked bleeding disorder Hemophilia B is caused by a mutation in the coagulation factor (F) IX gene leading to partial or total loss of its function. Preventive treatment with replacement long-acting FIX is an attractive option for patients to reduce administration frequency and prevent bleeding. New recombinant FIX therapeutics like the albumin-fused FIX (rFIX-FP) or the Fc-fused FIX (rFIX-Fc) enable longer half-life in circulation and thus less frequent administration, as compared to non-fused FIX (rFIX). Studies in FIX knockout (KO) mice were conducted to characterize the effect of the modifications on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of the different recombinant FIX products. Methods: Pharmacokinetics: Recombinant FIXs were administered intravenously at doses of 25 nmol/kg (corresponding to ~175-400 IU/kg FIX clotting activity) to FIX KO mice. Blood samples were collected starting at 5 min, and up to 336 h. FIX plasma levels were measured with an ELISA-based assay with anti-human FIX paired antibodies. PK was evaluated by non-compartmental analysis. Biodistribution: 3H-labeled recombinant FIXs were administered intravenously at doses of 200 IU/kg to FIX KO mice. Plasma levels and organ distribution were quantified starting at 15 min, and up to 240 h. Pharmacodynamics: FIX KO mice were treated intravenously with 50 IU/kg FIX clotting activity (nominal or labeled potency) of different rFIX products at 24, 72, 120 168 and 336 h prior to determination of bleeding time and total blood loss in a tail clip bleeding model. Immediately upon lesion, the tail tip was submerged in isotonic saline (0.9 %), kept at the mice physiological body temperature. Time to hemostasis is quantified as the time until bleeding stops for a minimum of 2 min. The volume of total blood loss was calculated by measuring the hemoglobin present in the isotonic saline solution at the end of the experiment. Results: Distinct PK profiles were observed for the three FIX molecules, where rFIX and rFIX-Fc exhibit an initial rapid distribution phase from plasma, while rFIX-FP showed a monophasic elimination profile up to 120 h post administration (p.a.). In the terminal phase, rFIX levels were quantifiable for up to 48 h p.a., while both; rFIX-FP and rFIX-Fc were measurable in plasma up to 240 h p.a. In line with this, the overall exposure AUC 0-inf is ranked in the following order: rFIX-FP > rFIX-Fc > rFIX. In the biodistribution study, a similar plasma PK profile was determined. Given the sensitivity of the radioactive method, an exposure plateau was observed for rFIX-Fc, and at lower levels for rFIX, whereas rFIX-FP continued to exhibit monophasic plasma clearance behavior. rFIX-FP exposure in the extravascular space (EVS) was lower than for the other FIX products. This is in line with volumes of distribution (Vss and Vz) which were highest for rFIX-Fc (AUC ranking rFIX-Fc > rFIX > rFIX-FP). FIX hemostatic efficacy in tail clip model was comparable for all 3 FIXs at the early time points but diverged at later time points post dosing. The blood loss and bleeding time measurements returned to baseline within 168 h for rFIX and rFIX-Fc, while the rFIX-FP group maintained robust hemostatic activity for up to 336 h. In contrast to lowest tissue exposure of rFIX-FP, the plasma AUC for rFIX-FP was highest, compared to FIX-Fc or FIX. In line, efficacy over time was also highest for rFIX-FP, suggesting that tissue exposure might not be the main driver for hemostatic activity. Conclusion: Different FIX products exhibit divergent PK and PD behaviors. rFIX-FP plasma PK profile suggests somewhat lower tissue distribution in comparison to rFIX-Fc and rFIX, which was confirmed in the tissue biodistribution study. Despite its limited extravasation into tissue, rFIX-FP exhibits superior and prolonged hemostatic activity in the FIX KO mouse tail clip model. rFIX and rFIX-Fc show comparable tissue biodistribution behavior, with robust extravasation into the EVS. Despite having the longest half-life and overall (plasma and tissue) exposure in the mouse, rFIX-Fc lost hemostatic activity in the tail clip model significantly faster than rFIX-FP. As a result, hemostatic efficacy was highest for the FIX-FP, the product with the lowest distribution volumes. The results therefore suggest that EVS is not the main determining factor for FIX efficacy in vivo. Disclosures Pestel: CSL Behring Innovation GmbH: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Peil: CSL Behring Innovation GmbH: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Knoll Machado: CSL Behring Innovation GmbH: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Claar: CSL Behring Innovation GmbH: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Raquet: CSL Behring Innovation GmbH: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Ponnuswamy: CSL Behring Innovation GmbH: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Mischnik: CSL Behring Innovation GmbH: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Herzog: CSL Behring GmbH: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company.

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BERGJORD, A. K., H. BONESMO, and A. O. SKJELVÅG. "Model prediction of frost tolerance as related to winter survival of wheat in Finnish field trials." Agricultural and Food Science 19, no. 2 (December 4, 2008): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960610791542343.

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The model FROSTOL simulates course of frost tolerance in winter wheat on a daily basis from sowing on as affected by soil temperature (2 cm), snow cover, phenological development, and a genotypic maximum level of frost tolerance (LT50). A series of cultivar trials in Finland was used to evaluate the model's ability to estimate plant survival in natural field environments during winters with differing weather conditions. Recorded survival was compared with number of intersections between the curves of simulated LT50 and the soil temperature curve for each field. A cumulative stress level (CSL) was calculated based both on number of intersections and FROSTOL simulated stress levels. The correlation between CSL and field recordings was quite low. While the field trials characterize a general ability to stand various types of winter stress, FROSTOL estimates damage caused by the soil temperature regime only. However, FROSTOL simulations seemed to correspond reasonably well to field observations when low temperature was the eventual cause of damage.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CSL-model'

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