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Journal articles on the topic 'CSIRO'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Willis, J. B., and J. F. Deane. "Trevor Pearcey and the First Australian Computer: A Lost Opportunity?" Historical Records of Australian Science 17, no. 2 (2006): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr06011.

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Shortly after the Second World War Trevor Pearcey joined the Radiophysics Division of the Australian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), the predecessor of today's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO). He designed the first Australian electronic computer, which was constructed in the Division. By 1951 this machine was functioning, but three years later a decision was made to discontinue work on computer development in CSIRO. Pearcey however went on to play a vital role in Australian computing, both in CSIRO and in academia. This paper tells something of Pearcey's early contribution to Australian computing. It also takes a fresh look at some of the factors involved in the 1954 decision to terminate computer development in CSIRO.

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2

SAUNDERS, NORMAN R. "CSIRO cuts." Nature 339, no. 6226 (June 1989): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339574b0.

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3

Spurling, Thomas H. "Donald Eric Weiss 1924 - 2008." Historical Records of Australian Science 22, no. 1 (2011): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr10014.

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Don Weiss was born in the Melbourne suburb of St Kilda on 4 October 1924 and died in Melbourne on 30 July 2008. He was educated in South Australia, at Scotch College, the South Australian School of Mines and Industry, and the University of Adelaide. He joined the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 1948 and worked for CSIR and its successor organization, CSIRO, until his retirement in 1984. He was the Chief of the CSIRO Division of Chemical Technology from 1974 to 1979 and Director of CSIRO's Planning and Evaluation Advisory Unit from 1979 to 1984. He was a highly imaginative and creative scientist whose work was always driven by his clear understanding of its application. He made important contributions to separation science but is best known for his contributions to technology for water and waste water treatment. His enduring legacy is the more than twenty MIEX plants that have been installed around the world.

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4

Garratt, J. R., E. K. Webb, and S. McCarthy. "Charles Henry Brian Priestley 1915 - 1998." Historical Records of Australian Science 22, no. 1 (2011): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr11001.

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Charles Henry Brian Priestley (known as Bill) was born and educated in England. After completing the Mathematical Tripos at the University of Cambridge, he joined the Meteorological Office in 1939. In 1946, aged 31 years, he took up an Australian appointment with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, later to become CSIRO) to establish and develop a group to undertake research in meteorological physics. Thereafter he was based in Melbourne, Australia. The group earned world recognition, particularly for its investigations of turbulent transfer in the lower atmosphere, and evolved to become the CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research. Priestley's own early research focused on large-scale atmospheric systems, including substantial work on global-scale transport, and later on small-scale atmospheric convection and heat transfer, in which he established some significant results. He had a leading role in the development of the atmospheric sciences in Australia, and was strongly involved in international meteorology. His career with CSIRO extended to 1977, and he finally retired from all professional commitments in the mid-1980s. After several years of declining health, he died on 18 May 1998, seven weeks before he turned 83.

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5

Adhikary, Deepak P., Marc Elmouttie, Vincent Lemiale, and Brett Poulsen. "Recent advances in the stability assessment of natural and engineered rock slopes." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 50, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v50i1.22866.

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Science’s understanding of the failure mechanisms of large natural and engineered slopes has been improved considerably over the past 15 years. Significant improvements have been realized in innovative methods of data acquisition through field measurement and monitoring, as well as numerical modelling techniques. However, inadequate understanding of complex geology and landslide processes means that any interpretation of landslide data remains mostly subjective. This causes major uncertainty in landslide risk assessment. Over the past decade, Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO; http://www.csiro.au/) has developed novel techniques to facilitate efficient assessment of rock slope stability. These include SirovisionTM, Siromodel, and three CSIRO numerical codes: CSIRO‑SPH, CSIRO‑DEM and CSIRO‑COSFLOW. SirovisionTM is a geological/geotechnical mapping and analysis system that generates accurate, scaled 3D images of rock faces from stereo photographs of exposed rock surfaces, allowing for rapid rock mass structural mapping. Siromodel is a polyhedral modelling system that reads the SirovisionTM data, generates discrete fracture networks (DFN) and performs polyhedral (rock block) modelling and a first‑pass stability analysis. CSIRO‑SPH, CSIRO‑DEM and CSIRO‑COSFLOW are all used for detailed stress‑deformation analysis of rock slopes; however, each code has its own problem‑specific advantage. CSIRO‑SPH is suited for large deformation problems, and can simulate large scale fluid flow problems, such as modelling a dam breakage. CSIRO‑DEM is suited for rock breakage process analysis, and assessment of the runout distance of failure debris. CSIRO‑COSFLOW is designed specifically for efficient, accurate stress‑deformation analysis of stability of structures on bedded sedimentary rocks, where failures along the preexisting bedding planes and through the intact rock layers occur simultaneously.

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6

Lockett, Trevor, and Clara Gaff. "From the CSIRO." Medical Journal of Australia 200, no. 9 (May 2014): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja14.00574.

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7

Southcott, W. H. "Parasitology in CSIRO." Parasitology Today 2, no. 7 (July 1986): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(86)90213-9.

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8

Wolff, Helen A., Terence J. Healy, and Thomas H. Spurling. "An introduction to the CSIRO Oral History Collection." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 2 (2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18026.

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This paper describes a project to record specialised oral histories of key individuals involved with Australia’s principal scientific research organisation, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The oral histories are intended to complement official governance documents in a larger project to write a history of CSIRO. Oral histories typically include perspectives on family backgrounds and childhood, professional training and career histories. Of particular interest in these interviews is the involvement of interviewees in the management of CSIRO and their reflections on the place of CSIRO in the Australian and international scientific environments. The interviews were conducted mainly by two of the authors (Spurling and Healy), both of whom were well known to the interviewees because they were themselves senior managers in CSIRO and familiar with the topics discussed. These histories are intended to illuminate important personal factors that have influenced decision-making in CSIRO. Also covered are plans to use other collections of interview materials in the CSIRO History Project (CHP), including those conducted by CSIRO historian Boris Schedvin, the Australian Academy of Science and the National Library of Australia. Details are provided of preparations for interviews, recording and transcription and preparation of materials for public access through CSIROpedia.

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9

Wolff, Helen A., Terence J. Healy, and Thomas H. Spurling. "Corrigendum to: An introduction to the CSIRO Oral History Collection." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 2 (2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18026_co.

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This paper describes a project to record specialised oral histories of key individuals involved with Australia's principal scientific research organisation, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The oral histories are intended to complement official governance documents in a larger project to write a history of CSIRO. Oral histories typically include perspectives on family backgrounds and childhood, professional training and career histories. Of particular interest in these interviews is the involvement of interviewees in the management of CSIRO and their reflections on the place of CSIRO in the Australian and international scientific environments. The interviews were conducted mainly by two of the authors (Spurling and Healy), both of whom were well known to the interviewees because they were themselves senior managers in CSIRO and familiar with the topics discussed. These histories are intended to illuminate important personal factors that have influenced decision-making in CSIRO. Also covered are plans to use other collections of interview materials in the CSIRO History Project (CHP), including those conducted by CSIRO historian Boris Schedvin, the Australian Academy of Science and the National Library of Australia. Details are provided of preparations for interviews, recording and transcription and preparation of materials for public access through CSIROpedia.

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10

Lawson, Mark. "Woman to head CSIRO." Nature 355, no. 6355 (January 1992): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/355009d0.

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11

Pariyar, Shree R., Kerstin A. Nagel, Jonas Lentz, Anna Galinski, Jens Wilhelm, Alexander Putz, Sascha Adels, Kathrin Heinz, Claus Frohberg, and Michelle Watt. "Variation in Root System Architecture among the Founder Parents of Two 8-way MAGIC Wheat Populations for Selection in Breeding." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122452.

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Root system architecture (RSA) is a target for breeding crops with effective nutrient and water use. Breeding can use populations designed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL). Here we non-invasively phenotype roots and leaves of the 16 foundation parents of two multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations, covering diversity in spring (CSIRO MAGIC) and winter (NIAB MAGIC) wheats. RSA components varied after 16 days in the upgraded, paper-based imaging platform, GrowScreen-PaGe: lateral root length 2.2 fold; total root length, 1.9 fold; and seminal root angle 1.2 fold. RSA components total and lateral root length had the highest root heritabilities (H2) (H2 = 0.4 for CSIRO and NIAB parents) and good repeatability (r = 0.7) in the GrowScreen-PaGe. These can be combined with leaf length (H2 = 0.8 CSIRO; 0.7 NIAB) and number (H2 = 0.6 CSIRO; 0.7 NIAB) to identify root and shoot QTL to breed for wheats with vigorous RSA and shoot growth at establishment, a critical phase for crop productivity. Time resolved phenotyping of MAGIC wheats also revealed parents to cross in future for growth rate traits (fastest: Robigus–NIAB and AC Barrie–CSIRO; slowest Rialto–NIAB and G204 Xiaoyan54–CSIRO) and root: shoot allocation traits (fast growers grew roots, notably laterals, quicker than leaves, compared to slow growers).

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12

Krishna, Venni V. "Large public research systems: India’s CSIR, the CNRS in France and the CSIRO." Innovation 9, no. 2 (September 2007): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/impp.2007.9.2.192.

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13

Upstill, Garrett. "Promoting Australian industry: CSIRO 1949–79." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18016.

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This paper addresses the manner in which the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) transferred its technology to Australian industry during the period 1949 to 1979. The analysis is framed within the changing economic and political scene in Australia and the changing expectations for public research organisations such as CSIRO. During the 1950s and 1960s CSIRO gave little direct attention to the processes of technology transfer but instead, following the prevailing wisdom, focused on high quality science and relied on existing extension services and patenting to capture the benefits from its research. This ‘science-push’ approach proved successful for Australia’s rural industries but, with a few exceptions, less so for the country’s secondary industries. By the early 1970s CSIRO faced pressures for change, induced by a tougher economic climate and changing views on the role of public research institutions. A shift toward greater customer relevance in its research would also need to be matched by new thinking about technology transfer.

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14

Keig, Gael, Robin L. Hide, Susan M. Cuddy, Heinz Buettikofer, Jennifer A. Bellamy, Pieter Bleeker, David Freyne, and John McAlpine. "CSIRO and land research in Papua New Guinea 1950–2000: part 2: post-Independence." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 2 (2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18025.

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Following Papua New Guinea (PNG) Independence in 1975, the new administration approached Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) directly concerning the need to address issues related to food security and village-based agriculture. A subsequent series of collaborative research projects between CSIRO and PNG government departments built upon the existing survey information to provide PNG with one of the earliest national-level, computer-based resource information systems, with widespread applications, particularly in agriculture, forestry, environmental management and planning. Part 1 of this historical review discussed the evolution, conduct and outcomes of the CSIRO integrated surveys over the period 1950–75, while Part 2 describes the subsequent research projects that arose from the surveys and concluded in 2000. In addition, the legacy of CSIRO involvement in land research in PNG is examined in relation to advances made both within individual scientific disciplines and in other relevant technological fields, and to operational challenges and structural change within the organisation.

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15

JMuller, M. "Experimental Infection of Culicoides brevitarsis from South-east Queensland with Three Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 38, no. 1 (1985): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9850073.

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Laboratory-reared C. brevitarsis (biting midges) were fed on sheep which had been experimentally infected with bluetongue serotype I (CSIRO 156), bluetongue serotype 20 (CSIRO 19) or bluetongue serotype 21 (CSIRO 154), or on cattle experimentally infected with bluetongue serotype 20 (CSIRO 19). Approximately 77 000 C. brevitarsis were exposed to sheep and 9000 to cattle. The average percentage feeding on sheep was 54% and on cattle 47%. In attempts to transmit virus by bite 3360 C. brevitarsis which had fed on viraemic sheep were held for 11-15 days before exposure to susceptible sheep. Although II % of these insects fed, transmission of virus from sheep to sheep was not demonstrated. Estimated infection rates of C. brevitarsis for each serotype from sheep and serotype 20 from cattle were similar at O� 4% or lower. These low infection rates are one of the factors which make it unlikely that C. brevitarsis could be an efficient vector of bluetongue viruses in sheep in the field.

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16

Elliot, N. G., and A. C. Woods. "CSIRO Marine Laboratories in Hobart." Maritime Studies 1989, no. 47 (July 1989): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07266472.1989.11083346.

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17

Sellar, Jeffrey. "CSIRO on the right rails?" Nature 315, no. 6021 (June 1985): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315621c0.

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18

Howard, John. "CSIRO: Partnering for the future." Innovation 9, no. 2 (September 2007): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/impp.2007.9.2.146.

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19

Anonymous. "CSIRO centre appoints new chief." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 72, no. 12 (1991): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90eo00105.

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20

Lawson, Mark. "CSIRO attacked over review's 'omissions'." Nature 375, no. 6528 (May 1995): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375172a0.

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21

Lawson, Mark. "Curtain descends on CSIRO dispute." Nature 375, no. 6531 (June 1995): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375443b0.

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22

Colman, Peter M., and Antony W. Burgess. "Colin Wesley Ward 1943–2017." Historical Records of Australian Science 29, no. 2 (2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr17020.

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Colin Wesley Ward's professional life played out at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) laboratory on Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, where he was a scientist, leader, raconteur, colleague and friend to several generations of staff who worked there. Ward's scientific legacy encompasses large bodies of work on antigenic variation in influenza viruses, the taxonomy of plant viruses, veterinary vaccines and the structure and function of several growth factor receptors. On retirement from CSIRO he continued work on the insulin receptor with colleagues at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, conceived of and founded CSIRO pedia and compiled his family history.

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23

Reid, K. "Alan Forrest Reid 1931–2013." Historical Records of Australian Science 27, no. 2 (2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15011.

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Dr Alan Reid is remembered as the founding father of automated mineralogy. He achieved international recognition as a research scientist, and was also a visionary leader within CSIRO, Australia's largest scientific organization. Reid contributed a distinguished body of basic research to solid state chemistry, publishing on organometallics, thermodynamics, crystal structures, high pressure minerals and mineral processing. He went on to lead development of processes that greatly benefited industry. These included the solar absorber surface AMCRO, and the QEM*SEM analysis that automatically characterized mineral assemblages. As an Institute Director at CSIRO he made important contributions to the structure and business processes of the organization, during a period of upheaval unprecedented in its history. It was Reid's leadership and perseverance that led to the establishment of the Queensland Centre for Advanced Technologies, the Australian Resources Research Centre in Western Australia, and major redevelopment of the CSIRO site at North Ryde in NSW. A master of broad collaboration with researchers, academics, companies and government agencies, when he retired from CSIRO Reid further benefited Australian science as a consultant to government and industry. The mineral reidite, a high pressure phase of ZrSiO4, is named after this tireless polymath.

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24

Rigg, Damian P., Robert L. Courtney, Jamie E, Seymour, and Clive M. Jones. "Evaluation of Four Practical Diets on the Growth and Survival of Juvenile Redclaw, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868)." Freshwater Crayfish 26, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5869/fc.2021.v26-1.1.

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Abstract Redclaw, Cherax quadricariatus (von Martens) has shown promise as an aquaculture species but commercial development has been constrained by variability of production, perhaps due to poor survival and growth of early craylings. Diet contributes to survival and growth and previous studies have determined requirements for larger redclaw, but little research exists for the early craylings. An experiment was performed to evaluate survival and growth of early instar redclaw using four diets; Frippak (commercial shrimp diet), CSIRO compound diet, bloodworms, and on-grown Artemia. Bloodworms and Artemia produced significantly higher survival of craylings over two weeks than the two other diets. Artemia diet had a significantly higher weight increase than bloodworms or the CSIRO diet, but not Frippak, which did not differ from bloodworms or CSIRO. Biomass was significantly higher when fed Artemia. High mortality in the Frippak and CSIRO diet treatments were not wholly attributable to nutritional deficiencies as the manufactured diets became less physically accessible, potentially reducing intake, leading to difficulties completing ecdysis and eventually death. This study concluded that Artemia and bloodworms promoted highest survival, and Artemia and Frippak the highest weight gain. The best combination of survival, weight gain and biomass was with the Artemia diet.

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25

Bolto, Brian A. "Ion Exchange Research at CSIRO, Australia." Journal of Ion Exchange 4, no. 1 (1993): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5182/jaie.4.35.

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26

Austin, Jim. "CSIRO: The Cloncurry METAL project delivers." Preview 2021, no. 213 (July 4, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14432471.2021.1959098.

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27

Morgan, Charles. "Austraial: Lay head for CSIRO board." Nature 324, no. 6098 (December 1986): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/324608a0.

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28

Lawson, Mark. "CSIRO is streamlined under new boss." Nature 380, no. 6572 (March 1996): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/380276a0.

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29

Bailey, Peter, Nick Craswell, Ian Soboroff, and Arjen P. de Vries. "The CSIRO enterprise search test collection." ACM SIGIR Forum 41, no. 2 (December 2007): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1328964.1328969.

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30

Teakle, R. "Radar Record-keeping in the CSIRO." Historical Records of Australian Science 12, no. 4 (1998): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr9991240485.

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31

Morgan, Charles. "Putting more "I" into Australia's CSIRO." Nature 328, no. 6130 (August 1987): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/328468b0.

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32

Ellis, Jeffrey G., Rohit Mago, Raja Kota, Peter N. Dodds, Helen McFadden, Greg Lawrence, Wolfgang Spielmeyer, and Evans Lagudah. "Wheat rust resistance research at CSIRO." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 6 (2007): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06151.

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Although chemical control is available for rust diseases in wheat, economic and environmental factors favour genetic solutions. Maintenance and improvement of levels of resistance and durability of the genetic control of the 3 wheat rust diseases will occur with the application of DNA markers for pyramiding resistance genes. Information about the molecular basis of rust resistance, including durable, adult-plant resistance, coming from studies in model species such as flax and flax rust and from studies of wheat and barley, will provide knowledge for new biotechnological approaches to rust resistance. Increasing cereal gene sequence data will improve the efficiency of cloning disease resistance genes and, together with the rapid progress in understanding the molecular basis of rust resistance, will make it possible to construct transgenic plants with multiple rust resistance genes at a single locus, which will provide efficient breeding and increased durability of rust resistance.

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33

Pockley, Peter. "CSIRO faces a ‘demand-led’ future." Nature 401, no. 6753 (October 1999): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/43993.

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34

Hibbard, L. U. "Atomic Hydrogen Masers at the CSIRO." Metrologia 26, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/26/2/006.

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35

Francis, Craig L., Peter W. Kenny, Olan Dolezal, Simon Saubern, Megan Kruger, G. Paul Savage, Thomas S. Peat, and John H. Ryan. "Construction of the CSIRO Fragment Library." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 12 (2013): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13325.

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A fundamental component of a successful fragment screening program is a productive fragment library, one that delivers hit fragments with potential for pharmaceutical development. A proprietary fragment library was developed by identifying and extracting subsets of CSIRO’s Compound Collection using two complimentary approaches. Over time, the use of surface plasmon resonance as a front-line screening tool has enabled identification and exclusion of problematic compounds and led to a more reliable fragment screening library.

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36

Adam, C. "Role of CSIRO in Australian Science." Advanced Materials 13, no. 12-13 (July 2001): 873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200107)13:12/13<873::aid-adma873>3.0.co;2-b.

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37

Upstill, Garrett, and Thomas H. Spurling. "Engaging with Australian industry: CSIRO in the late twentieth century." Historical Records of Australian Science 31, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr19006.

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The increased engagement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) with Australian industry from the early 1980s to the late 1990s marks it as an unusual era for CSIRO. The reasons lie in CSIRO’s response to the economic and political background of the time and to government moves to reinvigorate the industrial sector. By the end of the century, external pressures for industry engagement had receded as macroeconomic conditions improved and Australian industry diversified. The engagement can be seen in the growth of direct contacts between CSIRO and research users and Australian companies that occurred across the organisation. This paper analyses CSIRO’s technology transfer policies and practices within an economic and political context and addresses two questions: why did the organisation’s approach to technology transfer change and how? We look at three mini-eras in the 1980s and 1990s and draw out major changes in technology transfer during these two decades.

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38

Qi, Xiubin, Mederic Mainson, Emma Crooke, Ian Hay, Andrew Ross, and Paul Irving. "Deploying hydrocarbon monitoring technologies in the 2019 NOFO oil-on-water field exercise." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19154.

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The Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies (NOFO), conducts an annual oil-on-water exercise (OOW), which allows oil to be released to open waters. This exercise provides a precious opportunity for testing and validation of oil spill response technologies in a real spill situation. CSIRO was invited by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET) to join the 2019 NOFO OOW monitoring campaign and provide in situ measurement of oil in water with our CSIRO-developed monitoring equipment (the Oil Fish and the Water Column Profiler) to validate oil migration models. This is the first time an Australian organisation has participated in this internationally recognised field event. The monitoring campaign involved participation of researchers from eight organisations and the utilisation of over 10 different monitoring technologies. The present paper will present CSIRO field experience about participating in the exercise, the monitoring activities undertaken and results, and discusses the applicability of knowledge obtained to environmental and oil-exploration monitoring surveys in Australian waters.

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39

Fraser, Paul J., Graeme I. Pearman, and Nada Derek. "CSIRO Non-carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Gas Research. Part 1: 1975–90." Historical Records of Australian Science 29, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr17016.

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There are a number atmospheric gases, in addition to carbon dioxide (CO2), that affect the absorption and emission of infrared radiation throughout the atmosphere, the so-called ‘non-CO2 greenhouse gases', and they have a significant impact on climate. In addition, some of these non-CO2 greenhouse gases contain chlorine and/or bromine, and contribute to halogen-catalysed stratospheric ozone depletion. In the mid 1970s, CSIRO at Aspendale became the first southern hemisphere laboratory to initiate research into the atmospheric abundance, trends, sources and sinks of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, and today (2017) is currently observing and modelling the past and present biogeochemical cycling of over eighty of these species, arguably the most comprehensive program of its type globally. The resultant CSIRO data are used to derive global and regional emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases and their impact on climate and stratospheric ozone via resultant changes to the planetary radiative budget and the abundance of ‘equivalent chlorine' (weighted sum of chlorine and bromine) in the stratosphere. These data and their impacts are reported nationally to relevant Commonwealth and State Departments—environment, energy, industry, agriculture—and to relevant Australian industries—refrigeration, air-conditioning, aluminium production. They are reported internationally to United Nations agencies responsible for implementing the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985) and the Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992), who periodically assess the science of climate change and ozone depletion. As the world strives to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions through national, policy-driven, initiatives framed to meet agreed obligations under these international agreements, atmospheric measurement programs, such as those operated by the CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia, are critical in independently verifying the success or otherwise of such endeavours. This paper describes the initial fifteen years (1975–90) of activities in CSIRO that set up the framework for the current, globally significant, CSIRO non-CO2 greenhouse gas research program.

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40

Frater, R. H., and R. D. Ekers. "John Paul Wild 1923 - 2008." Historical Records of Australian Science 23, no. 2 (2012): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12011.

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Paul Wild stands tall among the founding fathers of modern radio astronomy. His early work became the foundation for all future research on solar radio bursts. He established the theory and identified the different types of radio bursts. He developed new types of instrument including the dynamic spectrograph and a radioheliograph to make two-dimensional movie images. His early interest in the radio spectrum of hydrogen led to analysis of the hyperfine structure of hydrogen emission and a publication that became a classic paper in the field. Recognition that the 21 cm hydrogen line could be used to measure the Zeeman effect and through that magnetic fields in astronomical sources was another key contribution to modern astronomy. He became Chief of the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics and developed and demonstrated an outstanding microwave landing system for aviation. As Chairman of CSIRO he led the organization through a major restructuring and adapted CSIRO to bring it closer to industry while maintaining a high standard of excellence and originality. Throughout his career, Paul Wild provided great leadership at all levels of science in Australia.

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41

Ewing, Tania. "New CSIRO man to stress industrial links." Nature 343, no. 6255 (January 1990): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/343201b0.

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42

Kennedy, Narelle. "CSIRO and Australian innovation: A business commentary." Innovation 9, no. 2 (September 2007): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/impp.2007.9.2.203.

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43

Sie, S. H., F. Leaney, R. Gillespie, G. F. Suter, and C. G. Ryan. "Radiocarbon measurements at the CSIRO AMS facility." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 92, no. 1-4 (June 1994): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(94)95970-6.

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44

Li, Yuan, Lan Qiao, and Zhi Li Sui. "Integrated Application of Three In Situ Stress Measurement Techniques." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.949.

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The CSIRO overcoring stress relief and hydraulic fracturing methods are the most popular methods used for the measurement of in-situ stress at depth. One major advantage of the CSIRO overcoring stress relief method is that the three dimensional state of stress can be obtained, but the measurement must be done in an excavated tunnel[1]. Hydraulic fracturing method can be carried out on the ground surface, but it assumed that one of the principal stresses direction is vertical[2,3]. In terms of the disadvantages of the two methods, the techniques based on core orientation and acoustic emission behavior of rocks are incorporated in the in-situ stress measurement in order to obtain the in-situ stress conditions at depth in Shuichang Iron Mine. According to the comparison of the measurement data obtained from the acoustic emission test in the laboratory and CSIRO overcoring stress relief measurement in the field, effectiveness of the acoustic emission test is confirmed. In addition, the relationships between in-situ stresses and tectonic settings are analyzed. Finally, the distribution of in-situ stresses in Shuichang Iron Mine is given, which provides a meaningful guideline for the following mining and design.

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45

Frater, R. H., and R. D. Ekers. "John Paul Wild AC CBE FAA FTSE. 17 May 1923 — 10 May 2008." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 58 (January 2012): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2012.0034.

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Abstract:

Paul Wild stands tall among the founding fathers of modern radio astronomy. His early work became the foundation for all future research on solar radio bursts. He established the theory and identified the different types of radio bursts. He developed new types of instrument, including the dynamic spectrograph and a radioheliograph to make two-dimensional movie images. His early interest in the radio spectrum of hydrogen led to an analysis of the hyperfine structure of hydrogen emission and a publication that became a classic paper in the field. Recognition that the 21 cm hydrogen line could be used to measure the Zeeman effect, and through that magnetic fields in astronomical sources, was another key contribution to modern astronomy. He became Chief of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Division of Radiophysics and developed and demonstrated an outstanding microwave landing system for aviation. As Chairman of CSIRO he led the organization through a major restructuring and adapted CSIRO to bring it closer to industry while maintaining a high standard of excellence and originality. Throughout his career, Paul Wild provided great leadership at all levels of science in Australia.

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46

Lovrecz, G., G. Dumsday, and T. Adams. "Large-scale recombinant protein production and structure-based drug design capabilities at CSIRO." Microbiology Australia 31, no. 2 (2010): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma10077.

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47

ANKIT BALVANSHI and H. L. TIWARI. "Analysis of GCMs for prediction of precipitation for Hoshangabad region of Madhya Pradesh." Journal of Agrometeorology 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v20i4.570.

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Ten general circulation models (GCMs) – BCCR-BCCM2.0, Can-ESM2, CGCM3, CSIRO-Mk3.0, GFDL-CM2.0, GFDL-CM2.1, GISS, HADCM3, HADGEM1 and MIROC3.2 were analysed for prediction of precipitation for Hoshangabad region, Madhya Pradesh India. The performance indicator, skill score (SS),technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) techniques were employed for the selection of the best GCM. The multi-criterion decision making method (MCDM), technique TOPSIS was employed to evaluate and rank the 10 GCMs. On the basis of skill score and TOPSIS, GCMs Can- ESM2, CGCM3, GFDL2.0, HadCM3, MIROC3.2 is recommended for the study area. It is also found that GCMs CSIRO-Mk3.0 and GISS occupied the last two positions for Hoshangabad region, M.P., India.

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Sharp, JM, I. R Littlejohns, and T. D St George. "Group-specific and Type-specific Gel Diffusion Precipitin Tests for Bluetongue Virus Serotype 20 and Related Viruses." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 41, no. 4 (1988): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9880553.

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Using antigens prepared from cell cultures infected by bluetongue (BLU) virus type 20 (BLU-20), and sera from cattle which had recovered from experimental infection by that virus, two distinct precipitin reactions were demonstrated by immunodiffusion. Two distinct gel diffusion precipitin tests were developed based on these reactions. The antigen of one was common to BLU-20 and two other Australian BLU isolates, CSIRO 154 (BLU-21) and CSIRO 156 (BLU-l). It was therefore concluded to be a group-specific test. The antigen of the second appeared to be unique to BLU-20. The test based on this antigen correlated well with the virus neutralization test for BLU-20 and it was therefore concluded to be type-specific.

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49

Poveda, Cesar A. "BOOK REVIEW." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (May 30, 2016): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n3p271.

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50

Davies, Jenny. "Resource Sharing in the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics Library." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 110 (1989): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003390.

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The CSIRO Divison of Radiophysics was established as the CSIRO Radiophysics Laboratory in 1939 to conduct radar research. After World War 2 experimental radar instruments were applied to the developing field of radio astronomy. Current areas of research for the Division, which is host to the new Australia Telescope (AT), are radio astronomy, antenna technology, satellite communications, signal processing and microelectronics.The AT has three observatory sites, all in New South Wales: six antennas near Narrabri, over 500 km from Sydney, the 27-year-old Parkes observatory, 350 km from Sydney, and one antenna near Coonabarabran, between Parkes and Narrabri. Most staff are located at the Division’s headquarters in Sydney, where the main library is also located, and small collections are maintained at the Parkes and Narrabri observatories.

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