Journal articles: 'Crytals'

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Mishina, Tomobumi, and Yasuaki Masumoto. "Quantum beats in monoclinic ZnP2 crytals." Journal of Luminescence 58, no. 1-6 (January 1994): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(94)90366-2.

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CRAWFORD, GREGORY P., and SLOBODAN ŽUMER. "SADDLE-SPLAY ELASTICITY IN NEMATIC LIQUID CRYTALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 09, no. 18n19 (August 30, 1995): 2469–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797929500094x.

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The effect of the saddle-splay elastic constant K24 on nematic director-fields is a topic of fundamental interest for the elastic theory of liquid crystals and plays a vital role in device applications where nematic liquid crystals are confined to a curved geometry. The first measurement of K24 came more than sixty years after the pioneering work of Oseen, who made first steps toward the elastic theory of liquid crystals. Today the study of saddle-splay elasticity has become an important topic in liquid crystal physics. In this review we summarize the various methods used to measure K24 in curved geometries and present the detailed theory behind the measurements.

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Galatola, P., and M. Rajteri. "Critical-noise measurement near Fréedericksz transitions in nematic liquid crytals." Physical Review E 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.49.623.

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Chang, Jiann-Min, A. K. Batra, and R. B. Lal. "Growth and properties of urea-doped triglycine sulfate (UrTGS) crytals." Journal of Crystal Growth 158, no. 3 (January 1996): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(95)00448-3.

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Yu, Xiao Ling, Xue Bin Li, Liang Zhao, Han Jun Ma, and Guang Hong Zhou. "Using NMR to Forecast the Aptness for Freezing of Pork." Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (January 2011): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.225.

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NMR was used to investigate the chemical shift graphs of fresh pork at different time postmortem, and at the same time the ice crystals of meat freezing at different time postmortem were researched with SEM. The results showed there were significant (P＜0.05）correlation between distribution and size of ice crytals freezing at different time postmortem and the chemical shift graphs of fresh pork at different time postmortem different. Using chemical shift graphs of meat could forecast whether the meat was suitable for frozen processing, and also could forecast the water holding capacity of it.

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Kiang, Jademond, and Liyong Tong. "Modelling of magneto-mechanical behaviour of Ni–Mn–Ga single crytals." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 292 (April 2005): 394–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.11.481.

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Alekseev, M. A., I. Ya Karlik, I. A. Merkulov, D. N. Mirlin, and V. F. Sapega. "Hot photoluminescence and valence band warping in GaAs and InP crytals." Physics Letters A 127, no. 6-7 (March 1988): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(88)90589-0.

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Zieliński, P., and K. Żabińska. "On the dynamics of the orientationally disordered ionic crytals in two dimensions." Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter 66, no. 3 (September 1987): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01305425.

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Zhang hui-qi，Jiang Zheng-sheng，Xu You. "QUANTUM THEORY FOR FARADAY EFFECT AND IT’S TEMPERATURE DEPENDCE IN PARAMAGNETIC CeF_3_ CRYTALS." Acta Physica Sinica 40, no. 7 (1991): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.40.1193.

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ZHANG HUI-QI, JIANG ZHENG-SHENG, XU YOU, DUAN MING-QIAN, and YANG GUI-LIN. "QUANTUM THEORY FOR FARADAY EFFECT AND IT'S TEMPERATURE DEPENDCE IN PARAMAGNETIC CeF3 CRYTALS." Acta Physica Sinica 42, no. 7 (1993): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.42.1193.

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DESAI, C. F., P. H. SONI, S. R. BHAVSAR, and R. C. SHAH. "GROWTH AND DISLOCATION ETCHING OF Sb0.2Bi1.8Te3 SINGLE CRYSTALS." Surface Review and Letters 06, no. 02 (April 1999): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x99000202.

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Sb 0.2 Bi 1.8 Te 3 single crystals have been grown by the zone melting and Bridgman–Stockbarger methods. The freezing interface temperature gradients of 90°C/cm and 45°C/cm, respectively, have been found to yield the best quality crytals obtainable at the growth rate of 0.35 cm/h. The crystals have been characterized by the powder XRD technique. The crystals grown by the zone melting method have been observed to exhibit certain typical features on their top free surfaces. A new dislocation etchant has been developed to give reproducible etch-pitting on the cleavage surface. Tests of this dislocation etchant have been carried out successfully and the etchant has been used to obtain dislocation density in the crystals.

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KIM, Hyo-Jun, H. J. KIM*, H. PARK, Y. S. HWANG, J. M. PARK, K. H. KANG, and H. B. JEON. "Determination of the Scintillation Properties of Inorganic Single Crytals by Using a Silicon Photodiode." New Physics: Sae Mulli 64, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/npsm.64.276.

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Thongpanit, Pratya, Weerapong Chewpraditkul, and Nakarin Pattanaboonmee. "Growth and Characterization of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP) Doped with H₃BO₃ Crystals Grown by Slow Evaporation Method." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.573.

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Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystals is very interesting due to its nonlinear optical property. This study investigated on improving of material for academic use by adding boric acid to modify ADP crystals. Slow evaporation method in aqueous solutions of pure ADP and ADP doped with three concentrations of H3BO3 as 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 %wt were studied. The grown crystals were confirmed tetragonal structure by powder X-ray diffraction studies. The FTIR spectrum analysis presented various functional groups of boron in three conditions of doped ADP. TGA study was comfirned the temperature stability at 220 °C for both pure and doped ADP crytals. The machanical stress was analyzed by Vicker’s hardness measurement. The results of this analysis showed boric acid doped 1.0 %wt had superior machanical stress from 10 to 75 grams. ADP doped with boric acid at 1.0 %wt was accepted in all test properties.

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SASAKI, Takatomo. "Reports on “1986 International Symposium on Laser and Optical Crytals” and “Development of Optical Crystalsin China ”." Review of Laser Engineering 15, no. 1 (1987): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.15.59.

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Rutkowska, Katarzyna Agnieszka, Tomasz R. Woliński, Rita Asquini, Luca Civita, Luca Martini, and Antonio D Alessandro. "Electrical tuning of the LC:PDMS channels." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.720.

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In this paper studies on electrical tuning of optical channels formed by the PDMS-based waveguides infiltrated with liquid crystalline material are presented. In particular, preliminary results of numerical simulations demonstrating changes in optical parameters of the waveguide channels when influenced by electric field applied via flat and IPS electrodes are demonstrated in order to fabricate photonic switches based on optical directional couplers. First experimental trials of sputtering the ITO layer on PDMS substrate are also shown. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Wypych, Handbook of polymers (Elsevier 2016). CrossRef J.C. McDonald, D.C. Duffy, J.R. Anderson, D.T. Chiu, H. Wu, O.J. Schueller, G.M. Whitesides, "Fabrication of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane)", Electrophoresis 21, 27 (2000). CrossRef Y. Fainman, L. Lee, D. Psaltis, C. Yang, Optofluidics: fundamentals, devices, and applications (McGraw-Hill, Inc., 2009).I. Khoo, Liquid crystals: physical properties and nonlinear optical phenomena (John Wiley & Sons, 2007). CrossRef A. d'Alessandro, L. Martini, L. Civita, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, "Liquid crystal waveguide technologies for a new generation of low-power photonic integrated circuits", Proc. SPIE 9384, 93840L (2015). CrossRef R. Asquini, L. Martini, A. d'Alessandro, "Fabrication and Characterization of Liquid Crystal Waveguides in PDMS Channels for Optofluidic Applications", Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. 614, 11 (2015). CrossRef B. Bellini, J. F. Larchanché, J. P. Vilcot, D. Decoster, R. Beccherelli, A. d'Alessandro, "Photonic devices based on preferential etching", Applied Optics, 44, (33), (2005). CrossRef L. De Sio, J.G. Cuennet, A.E. Vasdekis, D. Psaltis, "All-optical switching in an optofluidic polydimethylsiloxane: Liquid crystal grating defined by cast-molding", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 131112 (2010). CrossRef W. Zheng, L. Yang, M. Lee, "Vertical Alignment of Liquid Crytals on Polydimethylsiloxane Thin Films", Phot. Lett. Poland 3(1), 8 (2011). CrossRef Y. Saad, Iterative methods for sparse linear systems (SIAM, 2003). CrossRef F. Schneider, J. Draheim, R. Kamberger, U. Wallrabe, "Process and material properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for Optical MEMS", Sensors Actuat. A: Physical 151, 95 (2009). CrossRef R. Asquini, A. d'Alessandro, "BPM Analysis of an Integrated Optical Switch using Polymeric Optical Waveguides and SSFLC at 1.55 ?m", Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. 375, 243 (2002). CrossRef R. Asquini, L. Civita, L. Martini, A. d'Alessandro, "Design of Optical Directional Couplers Made of Polydimethysiloxane Liquid Crystal Channel Waveguides", Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. 619, 12 (2015). CrossRef

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Nikolaev, N. A., and et al. "Optical properties and terahertz wave generation in Li2B4O7 crytal." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/63/12/21.

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17

Hreb, V. M., I. V. Lutsyuk, V. V. Kochubei, and L. O. Vasylechko. "New mixed manganites-chromites RMn1–xCrxO3 and manganites-gallates RMn 1–xCrxO3." Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2021.01.074.

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Nanocrystalline powders of new mixed manganites-chromites RMn0.5Cr0.5O3 (R = Pr, Sm, Er) and manganites-gallates RMn1-xGaxO3 (R = Pr, Sm, Eu; x = 0.25, 0.5) with orthorhombic perovskite structure were obtained by sol-gel citrate route. Crytal structure parameters and microstructural parameters of the materials were established depending on the synthesis conditions. Based on the resuts obtained formation of conntinuos solid solutions RMn1-xCrxO3 in the RMnO3-RCrO3 systems and limited solid solitions in the RMnO3-RGaO3 systems were predicted.

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18

Kumar, M. Suresh, K. Rajesh, G. V. Vijayaraghavan, and S. Krishnan. "Structural and mechanical properties of diglycine perchlorate single crystals." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2018-0086.

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AbstractGood quality diglycine perchlorate (DGPCL) single crystals were grown by slow evaporation solution growth method using the combination of glycine and perchloric acid in the ratio of 2:1. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and mechanical characterization of the grown single crystals of diglycine perchlorate were analyzed in this article. Lattice parameters, space group and crytal system were found from single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All the cell parameters and space group are in a good agreement with the reported values. Mechanical properties, such as Vicker’s microhardness number, work hardening index, standard hardness value, yield strength, fracture toughness, brittleness index and elastic stiffness constant values, were determined using Vicker’s microhardness tester.

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Sundara, Tri A., and Yulia Yulia. "SISTEM INFORMASI PEMBENIHAN KENTANG PADA BALAI BENIH INDUK (BBI) KABUPATEN KERINCI." Journal on Information Technology and Computer Engineering 1, no. 01 (March 20, 2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jitce.1.01.17-25.2017.

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Perkembangan teknologi komputer di Indonesia saat ini cukup berkembang pesat. Sejalan dengan itu pengembangan Balai Benih Induk (BBI) kentang pun mengalami perkembangan, seperti halnya pada balai benih induk (BBI) kentang Kabupaten Kerinci. Pengolahan data pembenihan kentang dan laporan perkembangan pembenihan belum terkomputerisasi karena masih menggunakan Microsoft Excel, sehingga menyebabkan beberapa permasalahan diantaranya dalam pembuatan laporan perkembangan pembenihan kentang dan pencarian data membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama. Hal ini menyebabkan lemahnya pengolahan sistem pengolahan data pembenihan dan pembuatan laporan perkembangan pembenihan kentang Kabupaten Kerinci. Melihat permasalahan di atas maka dibuatkan sistem informasi pembenihan kentang pada Balai Benih Induk (BBI) menggunakan bahasa pemrograman C# yang sudah menggunakan database dan menggunakan Crytal Report untuk membantu dalam pembuatan laporan perkembangan pembenihan kentang Pada Balai Benih Induk (BBI) kentang kabupaten Kerinci.

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Lin Hongyi, 林洪沂, 刘虹 Liu Hong, 张顺钦 Zhang Shunqin, and 李昱坤 Li Yukun. "Passively Q-Switched 1319 nm Nd∶YAG Laser Based on Co∶MgAl2O4 Crytal." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 55, no. 12 (2018): 121404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop55.121404.

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21

He, Yancheng, Hui Li, Wentong Qian, and Yuntao Wu. "High-resolution light field imaging based on liquid crytal microlens arrays with ZnO microstructure orientation." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 162 (March 2023): 107424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2022.107424.

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Murakami, Midori, and Tsutomu Kouyama. "3P237 Trapping the photoactive form of squid rhodopsin in the P62 crytal(18A. Photobiology: Vision & Photoreception,Poster)." Seibutsu Butsuri 53, supplement1-2 (2013): S251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.53.s251_2.

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Almu’minin, Achmad Sholikhudin, Tanti Haryati, and Tri Mulyono. "Synthesis and Characterization Thin Film TiO2 as Degrading Procion Red MX-8B Textile Dye." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v17i2.2685.

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TiO2 photocatalyst is one of type semiconductor that is often used in textile dyes photodegradationmethod which characteristics are influenced by the size of crytal. Synthesis of TiO2 photocatalystscan be done by several methods, one using the sol-gel method. By treating variations in thecomposition of the reactans and treatment of synthesis in sol-gel method, the size of the TiO2crystals can be controlled to produced the desired characteristics. This study has been made ofTiO2 photocatalysts in the form of thin-layer films using sol-gel method with annealing process ata temperature of 550oC. This study examines the effect of the concentration of precursor TTIP andhydrolysis ratio of the crystal structure, crystallinity, the band gap energy, and photocatalystactivity to degrade procion red mx-8b dye compound. The result obtained is known that the crystalsynthesized has structure of TiO2 anatase. Value crystal size, crystallinity, the band gap energy,and percent degradation has a value that depends on the composition of TTIP concentration andhydrolysis ratio. Although the results showed morphology of TiO2 particle indivcate that large sizeand crystallinity value is still low, but that is interesting each of the measurement results mutuallysupport each other.Keywords: photocatalyst, TiO2, Sol-gel, TTIP concentration, hydrolysis ratio

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Coca, J., I. Medina, and S. H. Langer. "Thermodynamic properties of solutions by gas chromatography using a liquid crytal compound 4,4-bis(heptyloxy)azoxybenzene as solvent." Chromatographia 25, no. 9 (September 1988): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02262094.

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Kawashima, Riki, Hiroki Hashiba, Hirokazu Tomita, and Hiroshi Isoda. "Electric Properties of Light Lanthanide Nitrate CrytalsR(NO3)36H2O (R=58Ce,59Pr,60Nd,62Sm and63Eu) in Low Temperature Region." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 73, no. 7 (July 15, 2004): 2030–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.73.2030.

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Vijayakumar, V. N., M. L. N. Madhu Mohan, and T. Chitravel. "Study of Field Induced Transition (FiT) and Analysis of Crystallization Kinetics in the Nematic Phase of an Interhydrogen Bonded Nanoliquid Crytsal." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 33, no. 5 (May 2012): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2011.574956.

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Tanase, Tomoaki, Takahito Nomura, Yasuhiro Yamamoto, and Kimiko Kobayashi. "Synthesis and characterization of binuclear palladium complexes of isocyanides with novel bridging η3-indenyl ligands. Crytal structure of [Pd2(μ-η3-indenyl)2(RNC)2] (R = 2,6-dimethylphenyl)." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 410, no. 2 (June 1991): C25—C28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(91)80014-b.

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Her, T. Y., C. C. Chang, J. O. Tsai, Y. Y. Lai, L. K. Liu, H. C. Chang, and J. H. Chen. "Syntheses and spectroscopic studies of X4Al2(μ-NR2)2 [X = Br, CH3, C2H5; R = C2H5, Ci3H7]. X-ray crytal structures of Br4Al2[μ-N(Et)2]2 and Et4Al2[μ-N(Ci3H7)2]2." Polyhedron 12, no. 7 (April 1993): 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)81752-0.

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"The physics of liquid crytals." Il Nuovo Cimento D 18, no. 8 (August 1996): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02459081.

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Zheng, Wenjun, Luhsiang Yang, and Mengchiao Lee. "Vertical Alignment of Liquid Crytals on Polydimethylsiloxane Thin Films." Photonics Letters of Poland 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.2011.1.04.

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Suezawa, Masashi, and Koji Sumino. "Nitrogen-Oxygen Complexes in Silicon." MRS Proceedings 104 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-104-193.

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ABSTRACTSeveral series of optical absorption lines are found in the wavenumber range 190–270 1/cm in as-grown crytals of n-type Si involving oxygen and nitrogen simultaneously. They are related to the electronic transitions associated with five kinds of shallow donors each consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms (N-O complex). The analysis of the generation kinetics shows that the complex of the main type consists of one oxygen atom and two or three pairs of nitrogen atoms.

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Azah Bei Cho, Blanche, Isaiah Ndifon Ngek, and Alain Moise Dikande. "Soliton crystals in optical Kerr microresonators in the presence of thermo-optic eﬀects." Journal of Optics, October 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac97a7.

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Abstract The influence of thermo-optic effects on shape profiles of soliton crystals in optical Kerr microresonators is investigated. The study rests on a model that consists of the Lugiato-Lefever equation, coupled to the one-dimensional heat diffusion equation with a source term proportional to the average power of the optical field. Using appropriate variable changes the model equations are transformed into a set of coupled first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved numerically with emphasis on the influence of thermo-optic effects on the amplitude and instantaneous frequency of the optical field, as well as on the temperature profile in the microresonator cavity. It is found that thermo-optic effects do not prevent soliton crytals from forming in optical Kerr microresonators, however a strong thermal detuning will decrease the soliton-crystal amplitude. The model predicts a temperature profile in the microresonator cavity which is insensitive to the specific spatio-temporal profile of the soliton crystal propagating in the microresonator, a feature peculiar to the model.

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Hasan, Sahib, Khagendra Baral, Neng Li, and Wai-Yim Ching. "Structural and physical properties of 99 complex bulk chalcogenides crystals using first-principles calculations." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (May 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89281-6.

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AbstractChalcogenide semiconductors and glasses have many applications in the civil and military fields, especially in relation to their electronic, optical and mechanical properties for energy conversion and in enviormental materials. However, they are much less systemically studied and their fundamental physical properties for a large class chalcogenide semiconductors are rather scattered and incomplete. Here, we present a detailed study using well defined first-principles calculations on the electronic structure, interatomic bonding, optical, and mechanical properties for 99 bulk chalcogenides including thirteen of these crytals which have never been calculated. Due to their unique composition and structures, these 99 bulk chalcogenides are divided into two main groups. The first group contains 54 quaternary crystals with the structure composition (A2BCQ4) (A = Ag, Cu; B = Zn, Cd, Hg, Mg, Sr, Ba; C = Si, Ge, Sn; Q = S, Se, Te), while the second group contains scattered ternary and quaternary chalcogenide crystals with a more diverse composition (AxByCzQn) (A = Ag, Cu, Ba, Cs, Li, Tl, K, Lu, Sr; B = Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, P, As, La, Lu, Pb, Cu, Ag; C = Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, Bi, Zr, Hf, Ga, In; Q = S, Se, Te; $$\hbox {x} = 1$$ x = 1 , 2, 3; $$\hbox {y} = 0$$ y = 0 , 1, 2, 5; $$\hbox {z} = 0$$ z = 0 , 1, 2 and $$\hbox {n} = 3$$ n = 3 , 4, 5, 6, 9). Moreover, the total bond order density (TBOD) is used as a single quantum mechanical metric to characterize the internal cohesion of these crystals enabling us to correlate them with the calculated properties, especially their mechanical properties. This work provides a very large database for bulk chalcogenides crucial for the future theoretical and experimental studies, opening opportunities for study the properties and potential application of a wide variety of chalcogenides.

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Sui Wen-Jie, Zhang Yu, Zhang Zi-Rui, Wang Xiao-Long, Zhang Hong-Fang, Shi Qiang, and Yang Bing. "Study on unidirectional propagation control of helical edge states in topological spin photonic crystals." Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20220353.

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The unidirectional propagation of the pseudospin-locked optical waves can be achieved by using the helical edge states in two-dimensional topological spin photonic crystals. Although there have been lots of researches on topological spin photonic crystal, the unidirectional propagation regulation of helical edge states is rarely studied up to now. Herein, by tuning the diameter D of the dielectric rod and the distance R between the center of the unit cell and the center of the rods in two-dimensional topological spin photonic crystal with C6v symmetry, the effects of geometric parameters on the bandgap structure, topological properties and unidirectional propagation of helical edge states in topological spin photonics crystals are studied in detail. The results show that the parameter R has significant effects on the bandgap structure and topological properties of topological spin photonic crystals, and the diameter D of rod only affect the bandgap positions. The structures of helical edge states and their unidirectional propagations are closely related to the topological properties of the bandgaps and the frequency structures of photonic crystals on both sides of boundary. Without changing of the topological properties of bandgaps, only altering the structure of the photonics crystal on either side of the boundary can also regulate the structures of the helical edge states and their unidirectional propagation. Thus, by adjusting the geometric parameters R and D of the topological spin photonic crystals, the helical edge states and their unidirectional propagations can be controlled. This study provides useful references for the selection and application of helical edge states in topological spin photonic crytals.

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Moore, Paul B., and Anthony R. Kampf. "Beraunite: Refinement, comparative crystal chemistry, and selected bond valences." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 201, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1992.201.3-4.263.

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AbstractDeep green beraunite from Campanian age marls of Mullica Hill, N. J. (USA) was investigated owing to its unique crytal chemistry (two previous refinements involved orange crystals). Our crystal gave nearly 4[FeCommon to several known “ferrosoferric” phosphate structures, the underlying principle is a linear face-sharing oxygen octahedral trimer whose cations are M(4) – M(1) – M(4). For our beraunite, ca. 83% FeThe OH(1) site on the trimer is coordinated by M(1), M(3), M(4), and H(1). Bond valence computations for the trimer suggest that Fe

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Thao, Nguyen Kim Nu, Do Thuy Linh, Dinh Thi Ngoc Mai, Pham The Hai, and Nguyen Hong Minh. "Solid Fermentation of Bacillus thuringiensis: Method Development." VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 37, no. 4 (December 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.5335.

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a significant bioinsecticidal agent that has been solely produced by liquid fermentation. With the increasing demand of bioinsecticides for organic agriculture, solid fermentation is preferred to enable low-cost and large-scale production of Bt. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to develop a solid state fermentation method to produce Bt by testing different solid substrates and also the effects of water percentage, fermentation time, temperature and seeding rate on the productions of biomass and parasporal crystal bodies (crystal proteins) of the Bt strain PAM33. Corn bran, rice bran and soybean meal are suitable to be utilized as substrates for biomass production. However, crystal proteins are only observed in solid fermentation using soybean meal as the substrate after 6 days of culture. The temperature range of 25-30°C and 10% seeding rate are the most suitable conditions for solid fermentation of strain PAM33 to obtain the bacterial density of approximate 109 CFU/g and the highest quantity of crystal proteins. This study shows that solid fermentation of Bt is feasible and effective to obtain bacterial biomass and crytal proteins by using cheap and available agricultural wastes. Thus, it can be a potential approach to produce the important Bt-based insecticide products for use in organic agriculture.

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Nazarchuk, Evgeny V., Oleg I. Siidra, Sergey V. Krivovichev, Thomas Malcherek, and Wulf Depmeier. "ChemInform Abstract: First Mixed Alkaline Uranyl Molybdates: Synthesis and Crytal Structures of CsNa3[(UO2)4O4(Mo2O8)] and Cs2Na8[(UO2)8O8(Mo5O20)]." ChemInform 40, no. 38 (September 22, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200938005.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Crytals'

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