Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crystallization curves

Academic literature on the topic 'Crystallization curves'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crystallization curves"

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Kapnistos, M., and D. Vlassopoulos. "Rheological Master Curves of Crystallizing Polymer Mixtures." Applied Rheology 16, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2006-0008.

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Abstract We present a simple methodology for extending linear viscoelastic measurements of crystallizing polymers to the high-frequency regime, where usually crystallization kinetics represents an obstacle. The idea is to perform rapid quenches, below the melting temperature (which corresponds to the high-frequency region), account for the thermal equilibration and the very slow early stages of crystallization, and perform the measurements before really crystallization sets in, in the “quasi-equilibrium” state. Albeit tedious, when properly done, this method works remarkably well, as demonstrated for a particular polybutadiene mixture, and opens the route for obtaining rheological master curves in a wide variety of crystallizing polymers.
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Lambrigger, Markus. "Avrami Master Curves for Isothermal Polymer Crystallization." Polymer Journal 29, no. 2 (February 1997): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.29.188.

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Plummer, C. J. G., and H. H. Kausch. "DSC non-isothermal crystallization curves in polyoxymethylene." Colloid & Polymer Science 273, no. 3 (March 1995): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00657828.

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Regulski, Krzysztof, Dorota Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, Tomasz Szymczak, Grzegorz Gumienny, Zenon Pirowski, Krzysztof Jaśkowiec, and Stanisława Kluska-Nawarecka. "Data Mining Methods for Prediction of Multi-Component Al-Si Alloy Properties Based on Cooling Curves." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 28, no. 12 (November 18, 2019): 7431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04442-z.

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AbstractThe paper concerns the mechanical properties of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy (silumin) with the addition of Cr, Mo, V and W. Changes in microstructure under the impact of these elements result in a change in the mechanical properties. Crystallization of Al-Si alloys determines grain size reduction, which causes a significant increase in their strength properties. Crystallization subjected to modifications through the influence of alloying additives can be described by the cooling curve run. Statistical relationships between the characteristic values of cooling curves and mechanical properties are investigated with data mining techniques of regression, especially regression trees. Such knowledge could provide an ability of a property prediction on the basis of cooling curves in terms of the benefits of a short time of the curve registration.
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Kelly, Catherine A., and Mike J. Jenkins. "Modeling the crystallization kinetics of polymers displaying high levels of secondary crystallization." Polymer Journal 54, no. 3 (November 19, 2021): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41428-021-00581-0.

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AbstractThe isothermal crystallization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) was evaluated using a range of models, namely, Avrami, simplified Hillier, Tobin, Malkin, Urbanovici–Segal, Velisaris–Seferis, and Hay. Two methods of model evaluation were used: determination of the parameters through traditional double log plots and curve fitting via nonlinear, multivariable regression. Visual inspection of the cumulative crystallization curves, calculation of the R2 value and standard error of the regression, and evaluation of the returned parameters were used to assess which model best describes the experimental data. The Hay model was found to generate the best fit, closely followed by the Velisaris–Seferis parallel model, suggesting that primary and secondary crystallization occur concurrently. The Avrami, Malkin, and Tobin models were found to perform well when the data is restricted to the region where primary crystallization dominates; however, they could not be used to successfully model the entire crystallization process. This work highlights the importance of selecting the most appropriate model for analyzing kinetics, especially when high levels of lamellar thickening and infilling occur during crystallization.
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Zhang, Jie, Fa-Xue Li, and Jiang-Yong Yu. "Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (PBST) copolyesters." Thermal Science 16, no. 5 (2012): 1480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1205480z.

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Non-isothermal crystallization and subsequent melting of biodegradable poly(bu-tylene succinate-co-terephthalate) copolyesters with different butylene terephtha-late contents were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Differential scanning calorimetry crystallization curves revealed that butylene terephthalate contents of poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) copolyesters had an identical effects on the onset, peak and final crystallization temperatures. Subsequent differential scanning calorimetry melting curves implied that both PBST-10 and PBST-70 copolyesters had the narrow distribution of lamellar thickness, while the PBST-50 copolyester showed much wider distribution.
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Adiguzel, Vedat, Wei Liu, Asadullah Memon, Hongtao Zhou, Imran Akbar, Atif Zafar, and Ubedullah Ansari. "Solid-liquid phase equilibria of (H2O-Mn(H2PO2)2-MnCl2-NaCl), (H2O-Mn(H2PO2)2-MnCl2) and (H2O-NaCl- MnCl2) systems at 323.15 K." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200521059a.

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The solid-liquid phase equilibria (SLE) and densities of H2O-NaCl- -MnCl2-Mn(H2PO2)2 quaternary system, H2O-NaCl-MnCl2 and H2O-MnCl2- -Mn(H2PO2)2 ternary systems were investigated at 323.15 K by the isothermal solution saturation method. The analyses of the liquid and solid phases were used to determine the composition of the solid phase using the Schreinemakers graphic method. The ternary systems contain one invariant point, two invariant curves and two crystallization regions. In the quaternary system, there is one invariant point, three invariant curves, and three crystallization areas corresponding to NaCl, MnCl2 4H2O, and Mn(H2PO2)2H2O. The crystallization area of Mn(H2PO2)2 H2O, being the largest in comparison with those of other salts, occupied 80.75 % of the total crystallization area.
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Liu, Chen, Kang Zheng, Xia Yin Yao, Xian Zhang, Xiang Lan Liu, Ruo Xi Wang, and Xing You Tian. "The Melting and Recrystallization Behavior of Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)/SiO2 Nanocomposites Studied by Step-Scan DSC." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.69.

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The melting and recrystallization behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/SiO2 nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization from the melt was studied by Step-scan differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC). The influence of SiO2 contents, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the melting process were examined. Two melting endotherms(in the SDSC CP.A curves, reversible part) and one recrystallization exotherm (in the SDSC CP.IsoK curves, irreversible part)of PET/SiO2 nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization were observed during the melt process. This ascribes to the melting-recrystallization mechanism .The low temperature endotherm attributes to the melting of primary crystal formed during the isothermal treating and the high temperature endotherm resulting from the melting of recrystallization materials. The reason why more recrystallization happened with the increase of SiO2 content was given and the process of recrystallization was described in detail. The effects of crystal perfection and recrystallization were minimized by increasing of crystallization temperature and time.
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Lambrigger, Markus. "Non-isothermal polymer crystallization kinetics and Avrami master curves." Polymer Engineering & Science 38, no. 4 (April 1998): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.10225.

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Liu, Chen, Xiang Hui Lu, Xue Qi, and Peng Li. "The Melting Behavior of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/ Attapulgite Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.530.

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The melting and recrystallization behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/ Attapulgite(At)nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization from the melt was studied by Step-scan differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC). The influence of At contents, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the melting process were examined. Two melting endotherms(in the SDSC CP.A curves, reversible part) and one recrystallization exotherm (in the SDSC CP.IsoK curves, irreversible part)of PET/At nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization were observed during the melt process. This ascribes to the melting-recrystallization mechanism .The low temperature endotherm attributes to the melting of primary crystal formed during the isothermal treating and the high temperature endotherm resulting from the melting of recrystallization materials. The reason why more recrystallization happened with the increase of At content was given and the process of recrystallization was described in detail. The effects of crystal perfection and recrystallization were minimized by increasing of crystallization temperature and time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crystallization curves"

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Jain, Vibhor. "Analysis of structural development during superdrawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28185.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Wang, Youjiang; Committee Co-Chair: Jacob, K.I.; Committee Member: Aneja, A.P.; Committee Member: Garmestani, Hamid; Committee Member: Thio, Yonathan S.; Committee Member: Yao, Donggang
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Cabot, Hervé. "Analyse des courbes de lumière et interprétation de l'activité des comètes lointaines : application à la comète P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10078.

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Les cometes sont les objets connus les moins evolues du systeme solaire. Leur etude permet de mieux comprendre la formation ainsi que l'evolution du systeme solaire. La comete p/schwassmann-wachmann 1 (p/sw1) se situe sur une orbite quasi-circulaire entre 5. 7 et 6. 4 unites astronomiques. A cette distance du soleil, la sublimation de glace d'eau est negligeable et pourtant, cette comete est tres active, presentant parfois des sursauts d'activite de plusieurs magnitudes appeles outbursts. Elle pourrait donc nous renseigner sur les mecanismes d'activite cometaires. Nous avons montre dans ce travail que la probabilite de collision avec un objet interplanetaire etait tres faible et que cette hypothese ne pouvait expliquer les frequents outbursts observes. Une analyse des magnitudes de la comete p/sw1 sur 70 ans a ete realisee. Nous n'avons pas trouve de periodicite dans le signal, mais nous avons mis en evidence une correlation entre le niveau moyen d'activite de la comete et la distance heliocentrique. Toutefois, il existe un retard de l'ordre de quelques annees entre le maximum d'activite et le passage au perihelie. Nous savons que les cometes ont ete formees a de tres basses temperatures et doivent contenir de la glace amorphe a l'origine. Cette glace a pu rester sous cette forme, notamment dans le cas de p/sw1, qui reste toujours loin du soleil. Des gaz tels que le monoxyde de carbone (co) peuvent etre pieges dans la matrice amorphe, et relaches lors de la cristallisation. Nous pensons que ce phenomene peut etre a l'origine des outbursts observes, alors que l'activite permanente serait due a la sublimation du co en profondeur, ce qui expliquerait le retard observe. Nous avons egalement simule de facon independante des processus cometaires (diffusion de gaz, propagation d'une onde de chaleur) et realise un modele simpliste de noyau cometaire. Ces simulations montrent que les hypotheses de notre scenario sont credibles et qu'un phenomene exothermique tel que la transition de phase devrait exister dans les noyaux cometaires pour pouvoir rendre compte des outbursts observes
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Shah, Zulfiqar Hussain. "Synthesis and Characterizations of Fe-based Metallic Glassy Systems." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37395.

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This thesis is a study of tailoring amorphous Fe-B-Si based alloy to produce bulk glassy rods by adding Nb. We have prepared rapid quenched thin ribbons (thickness ~12 µm) by melt spinning, and glassy rods of diameter ~1mm by Cu-mold casting based on compositions (Fe0.78B0.13Si0.9)100-xNbx (x=0, 4, 8, 12), and studied their different physical properties. The melt-spun ribbons are found to be X-ray amorphous, whereas some nano-crystallinity is observed in the case of rods. All the ribbons show high saturation magnetization and low coercivity, which are the desirable characteristics of a soft ferromagnet. These ribbons are thus suitable for designing high frequency transformers, and sensors from an applications point of view. With increasing Nb content their saturation magnetization, ferromagnetic Curie temperature, and resistivity are found to decrease as expected. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity shows small positive temperature co-efficient that is expected for a metallic disordered material. We have also studied the modification of the properties on thermal annealing the (Fe0.78B0.13Si0.9)96 Nb4 ribbon at different temperatures in a neutral atmosphere.
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Schwartz, Frédéric. "Etude des parametres d'elaboration de rubans amorphes par la methode du flot planaire : influence d'elements de substitution sur les proprietes d'un alliage amorphe fe::(79)b::(16)si::(5)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066574.

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Description de la methode de filage depuis l'etat liquide. Influence des parametres de fabrication sur la qualite micrographique des rubans amorphes de composition donnee. Application de cette methode a l'amorphisation de l'alliage ferromagnetique fe::(79)b::(16)si::(5). Effet de la substitution de differents elements sur les temperatures de cristallisation et de curie de l'alliage ferromagnetique
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Saïd, Alami Mohammed. "Influence du recuit sur l'effet Hall de couches minces de nickel-argent amorphes et microcristallisées." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES014.

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Détermination de la composition pour laquelle l'alliage nickel-argent devient amorphe et ferromagnétique, à partir de l'étude de l'effet Hall et de la structure par microscopie électronique. On montre que la température de Curie reste constante dans la phase désordonnée. Apparition d'une phase superparamagnétique au sein de la matrice initiale par recuits successifs
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Alkhazaal, Abdulaal. "Characterization of Ethylene/α-Olefin Copolymers Made with a Single-Site Catalyst Using Crystallization Elution Fractionation." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6132.

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A new analytical technique to measure the chemical composition distribution (CCD) of polyolefins, crystallization elution fractionation (CEF), was introduced in 2006 during the First International Conference on Polyolefin Characterization. CEF is a faster and higher resolution alternative to the previous polyolefin CCD analytical techniques such as temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) and crystallization elution fractionation (CRYSTAF) (Monrabal et al., 2007). Crystallization elution fractionation is a liquid chromatography technique used to determine the CCD of polyolefins by combining a new separation procedure, dynamic crystallization, and TREF. In a typical CEF experiment, a polymer solution is loaded in the CEF column at high temperature, the polymer is allowed to crystallize by lowering the solution temperature, and then the precipitated polymer is eluted by a solvent flowing through the column as the temperature is raised. CEF needs to be calibrated to provide quantitative CCD results. A CEF calibration curve consists of a mathematical relationship between elution temperature determined by CEF and comonomer fraction in the copolymer that could be estimated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). Different comonomer types in ethylene/α-olefin copolymers will have distinct calibration curves. The main objective of this thesis is to obtain CEF calibration curves for several different ethylene/α-olefin copolymers and to investigate which factors influence these calibration curves. A series of homogeneous ethylene/α-olefin copolymers (1-hexene, 1-octene and 1-dodecene) with different comonomer fractions were synthesized under controlled conditions to create CEF calibration standards. Their average chemical compositions were determined by 13C NMR and FTIR and then used to establish CEF calibration curves relating elution temperature and comonomer molar fraction in the copolymer.
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Branco, Clara Picareta. "Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewater: State of the Art Based Design, Sizing and Parametrization of a Crystallization Reactor." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/124291.

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Phosphorous (P) is an essential element for all living organisms. There is no workaround or another element that can be substituted for it. Concurrently, phosphate rock is being increasingly consumed to produce P fertilizer to support global food production. Being a non-renewable and irreplaceable resource, phosphate rock depletion comprises P-scarcity and food security concerns. Potential geopolitical instability of countries producing phosphate also plays a major role in P-scarcity. While on the one hand, the responsible management of P helps grow the crops needed to feed a growing planet, on the other hand, excess P discharged into water bodies may cause eutrophication and water quality problems related with. Therefore, continuous efforts have been made to decrease P discharge by means of wastewater treatment techniques. Removing P from wastewater, especially through biological processes, may, however, carry associated problems in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) as there is a potential for P resolubilization in their sludge handling system. P resolubilization results in P-rich internal streams and increases the P load to be treated. Hence, under favorable conditions, the P resolubilization may involuntarily precipitate struvite, which is usually responsible for clogging pipes and damaging the WWTP equipment. Interestingly, struvite crystallization is one of the most promising recovery techniques to mitigate or even solve the aforementioned problems in WWTP. Recovering P in the form of struvite, under controlled circumstances, not only prevents unintentional struvite formation and P load increase, as it also produces a slow release fertilizer with a market value. Furthermore, this P-recycling enhances the P-security and the P-loop closure. Against this background, one of the goals of this dissertation was the designing and sizing of a crystallization reactor that recovers P from wastewater in the form of struvite. Applying an existing methodology to obtain a struvite solubility limit curve, which is of paramount importance for the control parameters of the reactor, was another objective. Other aims were also to understand the fundamental principles of struvite crystallization and to review the struvite recovery technologies most commonly implemented worldwide at full-scale. The designing and sizing of a crystallization reactor was accomplished in this thesis and the rationale behind it was extensively described. To this end, the technologies review carried out was an invaluable support. As for the fundamental principles of struvite crystallization, they were described comprehensively here, and this allowed to understand the need of a solubility curve for the control parameters of the reactor. Accordingly, such a curve, referring to Chelas WWTP centrate, was determined: a 2nd order polynomial curve fitted the experimental data through an R2 of 0.96. Consequently, the applied methodology was proven to work with this centrate. Moreover, the application of this procedure allowed to make explicit some important aspects that happen to be not available in the literature. These aspects were also described here.
O fósforo (P) é um elemento essencial a todos os organismos vivos, sem substituto possível. Concomitantemente, o consumo da fosforite intensificou-se como consequência da crescente necessidade de obter fertilizantes para a produção global de alimentos. A fosforite é um recurso não-renovável e insubstituível pelo que a sua potencial exaustão suscita justificadas preocupações ao nível da escassez de P e da segurança alimentar. Adicionalmente, a potencial instabilidade geopolítica dos países produtores de fosfatos desempenha um papel importante na escassez do P. Se, por um lado, a gestão responsável de P é fundamental na produção agrícola que tem de acautelar o crescimento demográfico global, por outro, a descarga de P, em excesso, em corpos de água, pode causar fenómenos de eutrofização, bem como os consequentes problemas em termos da sua qualidade. Têm sido, por isso, feitos vários esforços no sentido de limitar esta descarga através de técnicas de tratamento de águas residuais. Contudo, a remoção de P da água residual pode originar problemas nas estações de tratamento de águas residuais (ETAR), especialmente nas que efetuam remoção de nutrientes biologicamente. O tratamento da fase sólida pode potenciar a ressolubilização de P, o que pode resultar em fluxos internos ricos em P e no aumento da carga de P a tratar. Sob condições favoráveis, a ressolubilização de P pode ainda causar a precipitação espontânea de estruvite. que usualmente causa obstrução e danos nas tubagens e equipamentos das ETAR. Porém, ao mesmo tempo, a recuperação de P na forma de estruvite, em condições controladas, não só previne a incrustação de estruvite e reduz a carga de P a tratar, como permite a produção de um fertilizante de libertação lenta com valor comercial. A cristalização de estruvite é, por isso, uma das técnicas de recuperação mais promissoras. Para além disso, esta reciclagem de P permite aumentar a segurança do P e fechar o seu ciclo. Neste enquadramento, um dos objetivos desta dissertação foi o desenho e dimensionamento de um reator que permite recuperar P a partir de água residual, na forma de estruvite. A aplicação de uma metodologia existente para obter uma curva limite de solubilidade, que é crucial ao controlo do reator, foi outro objetivo. Adicionalmente, compreender os princípios fundamentais da cristalização da estruvite e elaborar uma revisão de literatura sobre as tecnologias de recuperação de P mais implementadas à escala real foram outros dos objetivos. Um dos resultados desta dissertação foi o desenho e dimensionamento do reator, cuja justificação foi detalhadamente apresentada. Para o efeito, a revisão de tecnologias realizada foi uma ferramenta auxiliar crucial. No que diz respeito aos princípios fundamentais da formação de estruvite, estes foram descritos de forma extensiva, o que permitiu compreender a necessidade de uma curva de solubilidade para os parâmetros de controlo do reator. Deste modo, determinou-se uma curva de solubilidade, referente às escorrências da desidratação da ETAR de Chelas: uma curva polinomial de 2ª ordem ajustou-se aos dados experimentais através de um R2 de 0.96. Por conseguinte, a aplicabilidade desta metodologia foi validada para as escorrências em estudo. Para além disso, a aplicação deste procedimento permitiu explicitar alguns aspetos importantes que se encontram omissos na revisão de literatura efetuada. Esses aspetos foram também descritos nesta dissertação.
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Books on the topic "Crystallization curves"

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Grewal, J. S. Crystallization of the Demand for ‘Punjabi Suba’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0019.

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With no political safeguards in the Indian Constitution, Master Tara Singh was convinced that ‘Punjabi Suba’ was the only alternative left for the Sikhs. In March 1950, he asked the Akali legislators to resign from the Congress legislative party. On Sardar Patel’s bidding, Baldev Singh managed to persuade the Akali legislators not to resign. In September 1951, Nehru declared an all-out war on what he termed ‘communalism’. In January 1952, he declared that he would use the might of the Indian state to suppress the demand for a Punjabi-speaking state. He felt gratified that the Congress had ‘curbed Sikh and Hindu Communalism’ in the general elections of 1952. Sardar Hukam Singh, President of the Akali Dal, attributed its defeat to the division between the Sikhs and the Hindus ‘engineered’ by the Congress. Formation of the Punjabi-speaking province, he said, was ‘the most fundamental demand of the Sikhs’.
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Book chapters on the topic "Crystallization curves"

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Mirković, Djordje, Joachim Gröbner, and Rainer Schmid-Fetzer. "Determination of Solidification Curves Based on DSC Experiments with Improved Heat-Transfer Model." In Solidification and Crystallization, 95–102. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603506.ch11.

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"crystallization curve." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 316. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_35858.

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Maduraipandian, Malaidurai. "Simulation of Mn2-x Fe1+x Al Intermetallic Alloys Microstructural Formation and Stress-Strain Development in Steel Casting." In Applications and Techniques for Experimental Stress Analysis, 231–44. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1690-4.ch015.

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In this simulation, the permeation of the n-phase precipitation to the Mn2 Fe Al crystallization is induced by the steel casting solidification process by JMatPro. Using the model, the morphological evolution of the Fe and Mn in different percentages was obtained, in which the heated data obtained by simulating casting and extreme heat treatment processes were adopted. This chapter describes a model of the computer model for calculating the phase transition and properties of materials required to predict the deviation during the heat treatment of steel. The current model has the advantage of using a variety of shape memory alloys including medium to high aluminium-based Heusler alloys. Even for an arbitrary cooling profile, a wide range of physical, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties can be calculated as a function of time/temperature/cooling with different proportions. TTT (time-temperature transfer) curves are exported to FE-/FD-based packages to reduce the data distortion of materials. The test results are displayed as a stress-strain diagram.
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CUNAT, Ch. "A New Concept of Effective Temperature to Correlate Isothermal and Anisothermal Continuous Temperature–Time–Transformation Curves–Application to Crystallization of Fe–Ni–B Amorphous Alloys." In Rapidly Quenched Metals 6, 297–300. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85166-971-4.50062-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crystallization curves"

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Salimi Jazi, H., M. Hosseini, A. Shafyei, H. Samadi, L. Pershin, T. W. Coyle, and J. Mostaghimi. "Study of Plasma Sprayed Mullite Coating Using Mullite and a Mixture of Alumina and Silica Powder Particles." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p0960.

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Abstract Plasma sprayed ceramic coatings are widely used for thermal barrier coating applications. Commercially available mullite powder particles and a mixture of mechanically alloyed alumina and silica powder particles were used to deposit mullite ceramic coatings by plasma spraying. Microstructure and morphology of both powder particles as well as coatings were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase formation and degree of crystallization of coatings were analyzed and estimated by using X-ray diffraction technique. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) method was used to study the phase transformation of coatings. Results indicated that the porosity level in the coating deposited using mullite as initial powder particles was lower than that deposited using the mixed powder particles. The crystallization degree of the coating deposited using the mixed powder particles are higher than that deposited using mullite powder particles. DTA curves of coatings deposited using the mixed powders have showed some phase transformation due to the crystallization of the retained amorphous phases such as mullite and alumina in the coatings. The degree of crystallization of both as sprayed coatings was significantly increased after post deposition heat treatments.
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Bootello, Miguel, Imro Zand, and Jeanine Werleman. "Fat structuring in confectionery applications: Evaluation of raw materials and its impact on processing and functionality." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/jxmy5477.

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Lipids play a crucial role in defining functionality, processing and sensory properties of confectionery products. In applications, such as chocolates and compound coatings, the fat is the continuous phase where other ingredients (sugar, milk powders, cocoa powders, nuts, emulsifiers, etc) are dispersed and determines the physical and textural properties of the final product. For confectionery fillings, the type of fat used affects the sensory properties of the filling, its compatibility with the other components and the shelf life of the product. Formulation of most lipid-based confectionery products requires the use of structuring fats to provide the required functionality. Thus, the crystallization and subsequent network formation of high-melting triglycerides (TAGs) is needed to create a structural framework that can physically trap low-melting TAGs (liquid oil) into a three-dimensional gel-like structure. Alternative approaches for oil structuring based on gelator molecules working as building blocks have been researched over the last years. However, the conventional route based on crystalline TAGs is still a valid approach in product development and routinary production of oils and fats processors.  The aim of this work is to show some practical examples of raw material evaluation within confectionery fats manufacturing and its impact on oils structuring, processing, product recipes and functionality. Among others, we will review the behavior of TAGs from cocoa butter and cocoa butter alternatives in compound coatings and the crystallization of liquid oils on confectionery fillings. Some analytical methods and techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cooling curves (Jensen, Buhler Crystallization Index), will also be discussed.
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Otsubo, F., H. Era, K. Kishitake, and H. Matsumoto. "High Corrosion Resistant Iron-Based Amorphous Coatings Obtained by Thermal Spraying." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0659.

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Abstract Fe-Cr(-Mo) alloy coatings were thermal sprayed by different processes of LPPS, HVOF and HPS. The as-sprayed coating by LPPS is perfectly amorphous and coatings by other processes contain partly crystalline phases. The amorphous phases crystallize at 773 K or more and shows a high hardness of about 1000 to 1400 DPN just after crystallization. The anodic polarization curves of the coatings shift from active to passive state in 1N H2SO4 and 1N HCl solutions. The coatings obtained by LPPS indicate the lowest active and passive current densities and possess the best corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of the coatings obtained by other processes are better than a SUS316L stainless steel coating. The LPPS coating of Fe-Cr-C-P alloy is not attacked on immersion test in 6% FeCl3·6H2O solution containing 0.05N HCl at the corrosion potential, while large pit corrosion is developed in a SUS316L stainless steel sheet.
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Kavicka, Frantisek, Josef Stetina, Karel Stransky, Jana Dobrovska, Vera Dobrovska, and Jaromir Heger. "Two Numerical Models for Prediction of an Industrial Concasting Process." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2054.

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This paper introduces the application of two three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of the temperature field of a caster. The first model simulates the temperature field of a caster—either as a whole, or any of its parts. Experimental research and data acquisition take place simultaneously with the numerical computation in order to enhance the numerical model and to perfect it in the course of the process. In order to apply the second original numerical model—a model of dendritic segregation of elements—it is necessary to analyze the heterogeneity of samples of the constituent elements and impurities in characteristic places of the solidifying slab. The samples are taken from places, which provide information on the distribution of elements under both standard and extreme conditions for solidification, where the mean solidification (crystallization) rate is known for points between the solidus and liquidus curves. Using this method, it is possible to forecast the occurrence of the critical points of a slab from the viewpoint of its susceptibility to crack and fissure. Verification of the technological impact of optimization, resulting from both models, is conducted on a real industrial caster.
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Masalova, Irina, and Alexander Ya Malkin. "Tube Transportation of Highly Concentrated Emulsions." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98342.

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Tube transportation of highly concentrated emulsions is an important technological process in mining works. Emulsions used for this particular type of application are so-called “liquid explosives” — highly concentrated dispersions of aqueous droplets in a continuous oil phase. The concentration of droplets reaches 96w. %. The width of the inter-phase layers in such a multi-phase system is of the order of nano-level. The length of tube transportation in a real manufacturing process can be of the order of several miles. Hence, the design of the transportation line is of primary technical interest. The practical calculations are based upon comprehensive studies of the rheological properties of highly concentrated emulsions, including an understanding of the role of droplet size, concentration of disperse phase, temperature and time effects (stability of emulsions). Direct measurements were carried out in a wide shear rate range. The results of the measurements indicated that the emulsions under study are rheopectic liquids (viscosity increases over time at a constant shear rate). Their steady flow curve is typical for a visco-plastic medium and is well fitted by the Hershel-Bulkley model. The yield stress is of the order of several tens Pa. The choice of a rheological model is however not crucial for application, since transportation in real technological regimes takes place at high flow rates where the power-type model of flow curves dominates. Systematic studies demonstrated that wall slip is absent over the entire range of the shear stresses under study. This type of rheological behavior was then used for tube transportation design. A more careful examination (based on rheological as well as direct optical observations) also showed that inflation could be observed on the flow curve. It was proven that this type of rheological behavior is related to the two-step mechanism of the flow of a multi-phase liquid. Measurements of normal stresses in shear flows are in accordance with this model of flow. Aqueous droplets in the emulsions under study are super-cooled water solutions of nitrate salts, with the concentration of the latter being of the order of 85%. This system is thermodynamically unstable. The study of time effects (“aging”) showed that slow crystallization in dispersed droplets takes place. This leads to the evolution of the rheological properties of emulsions that can be treated as an emulsion-to-suspension transition. The work was carried out in the Flow Process Research Center, Engineering Faculty, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
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Fang, Zhenglong, Keisuke Nagato, Naohiko Sugita, and Masayuki Nakao. "Grinding Performance and Delamination Analysis of FeSiB Metallic Glass Laminate." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8520.

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Abstract FeSiB metallic glass laminate is a state-of-the-art structure for improving the magnetic performance of magnetic core. Extreme strength and hardness due to the amorphous matrix challenge its grinding process with severe tool wear and pronounced delamination. An amount of heat generated during grinding process brings a considerable problem in material crystallization, resulting in an increased magnetic deterioration. In this work, grinding data is presented for grind wheel wear, cutting force and surface quality when routing 8 mm thick FeSiB metallic glass laminate using electroplated CBN grinding points. Grinding experiments were carried out with grinding speeds of 0.5 and 1.5 m/s to investigate the formation of delamination. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron back scattered diffraction pattern (EBSD) analyses were conducted to inspect the delamination between the metallic foil layers and detailed microstructure of machined surface, respectively. The relation between the cutting force and delamination was discussed associated with the identification of crystallization condition of machined surface. As a result, plastic deformation between the layers is the primary reason for the inter-laminate circuit short. Load-displacement curve from nano indenter indicated the strain hardening level near machined surface increased with cutting speed.
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Korotchenkova, O. V. "AUTHIGENIC MINERAL FORMATION AT THE TOP OF THE CLAY-ANHYDRITE STRATA OF THE VERKHNEKAMSKOE SALT DEPOSIT (IZVERSKY AREA)." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. ПЕРМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2022.148.

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The mineral composition and textural features of rocks formed at the boundary between the underlying rock salt and the clay-anhydrite strata of the Verkhnekamskoe Salt Deposit have been investigated. The transformations of sulfate-carbonate rocks revealed here are associated with recrystallization processes that occurred during plastic deformations. All this led to the formation of celestine with an admixture of barium, anhydrite, quartz and pyrite. Crystallization of newly formed minerals oc-curred due to hydrolysis of aluminosilicate material and sulfate reduction
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Lee, Hong-Lim, Hyun-Ho Kim, Sang-Hun Jeung, Seong-Min Jeong, Sung-Eun Park, and Han-Seog Oh. "Analysis of Damage in Fused Quartz Glass Induced by Mechanical Processing." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42183.

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Grinding for the commercial fused quartz glass was carried out to induce the artificial defects on the specimens. The short-range ordering structures for the ground samples were analyzed by the micro Raman spectroscopy. The roughness for the ground samples was analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and power spectral density (PSD) curve. Thermal treatments were performed to analyze the annealing effect. As results, the Raman spectral shift showed that the machining induces residual tensile stress on the surface. The damages by mechanical process lowered the crystallization temperature of the fused quartz glass. However, the proper thermal annealing could relax the process-induced damages. Therefore, the thermal annealing should be considered together with process-induced damage to optimize the mechanical process for the fused quartz glass.
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Small, Evan, Sadegh M. Sadeghipour, and Mehdi Asheghi. "Numerical Modeling of Heat Transfer and Phase Transition in Programming the Ovonic Unified Memory Cells." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73188.

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An Ovonic Unified Memory (OUM) cell is a semiconductor device that stores data by a thermally induced phase transition between polycrystalline (set) and amorphous (reset) states in a thin film of chalcogenide alloy. The small volume of active media acts as a programmable resistor switching between a high (amorphous) and low (crystalline) resistance state. The change in the film resistivity (>40X dynamic range) caused by this rapid, reversible structural change is measured to detect the state of the cell (set or reset) for read out. OUM can benefit from a simulator capable of predicting the electrical, thermal, and crystallization behavior for design and optimization, particularly at the present stage of the development. This paper reports on the efforts being made to prepare such a numerical simulator, using an existing finite element computer code as the source for thermal and electrical modeling, and a custom crystallization code for phase prediction. Heat generation in the device is by Joule heating and is achieved by passage of the electric current, which is obtained from the electrical simulation. This result appears in the heat source term of the heat transfer equation that is solved for thermal modeling. As the first attempt the Ohmic current-voltage relation was implemented successfully to simulate set and reset in a two dimensional model of OUM. Solution of the drift-diffusion equation is now underway to capture the semiconductor behavior of the I-V curve. A good progress is made however, still more works needs to be done to fully implement the drift diffusion equation.
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Qi, Tianming, Hongji Sang, Cong Mao, Yueying Wen, Jipu Hu, and Yan Wu. "Study on Separation of Palladium From High Level Liquid Waste by Potassium Manganese Ferrocyanide." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92971.

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Abstract Glass solidification is a favorable treatment method for high level liquid waste (HLLW) from spent fuel reprocessing in industrial application, and the presence of palladium (Pd) in HLLW may seriously affect the glass solidification process. Ferrocyanide with a perovskite-like face-centered cubic structure has strong adsorption affinity towards Pd. In this study, silica-based composite KMnFC/SiO2 was prepared by pore crystallization of potassium manganese ferrocyanide (KMnFC) into porous SiO2. A series of characterization of the synthesized adsorbent were carried out such as XRD, TG-DTA, and SEM-EDS. It was verified that the adsorbent was successfully prepared and it has good Microscopic structure along with element distribution. A series of adsorption experiments were carried out. The adsorption of Pd is not easily affected by the concentration of nitric acid, which shows good acid resistance. Through the adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic curve, it is proved that the adsorption process of Pd by KMnFC/SiO2 is chemical monolayer adsorption. The adsorbent has strong adsorption selectivity for Pd in multi-ionic solution. Under the condition of complete adsorption of Pd, the adsorption rate of the adsorbent for other elements except Ru is less than 20%.
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Reports on the topic "Crystallization curves"

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HERTING DL. HANFORD MEDIUM-LOW CURIE WASTE PRETREATMENT ALTERNATIVES PROJECT FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION PILOT SCALE TESTING FINAL REPORT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/938408.

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