Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crystallisation processes

Academic literature on the topic 'Crystallisation processes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crystallisation processes"

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Batstone, J. L., and C. Hayzelden. "Microscopic Processes in Crystallisation." Solid State Phenomena 37-38 (March 1994): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.37-38.257.

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Koulountzios, Panagiotis, Tomasz Rymarczyk, and Manuchehr Soleimani. "Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Computed Tomography for Investigation of Batch Crystallisation Processes." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020639.

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Crystallisation is a crucial step in many industrial processes. Many sensors are being investigated for monitoring such processes to enhance the efficiency of them. Ultrasound techniques have been used for particle sizing characterization of liquid suspensions, in crystallisation process. An ultrasound tomography system with an array of ultrasound sensors can provide spatial information inside the process when compared to single-measurement systems. In this study, the batch crystallisation experiments have been conducted in a lab-scale reactor in calcium carbonate crystallisation. Real-time ultrasound tomographic imaging is done via a contactless ultrasound tomography sensor array. The effect of the injection rate and the stirring speed was considered as two control parameters in these crystallisation functions. Transmission mode ultrasound tomography comprises 32 piezoelectric transducers with central frequency of 40 kHz has been used. The process-based experimental investigation shows the capability of the proposed ultrasound tomography system for crystallisation process monitoring. Information on process dynamics, as well as process malfunction, can be obtained via the ultrasound tomography system.
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Andelman, T., M. C. Tan, and R. E. Riman. "Thermochemical engineering of hydrothermal crystallisation processes." Materials Research Innovations 14, no. 1 (February 2010): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/143307510x12599329343123.

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Zhao, Yanlin, Mi Wang, and Robert B. Hammond. "Characterization of crystallisation processes with electrical impedance spectroscopy." Nuclear Engineering and Design 241, no. 6 (June 2011): 1938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.01.001.

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Robertson, Karen, and Chick Wilson. "A novel open tubular continuous crystalliser: design and evaluation." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314088172.

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The ability to continuously manufacture products can be of huge benefit to industry as it can reduce waste and capital expenditure. Continuous crystallisation has received tepid interest for many years but has come to the fore recently as it holds the potential for a radical transformation in the way crystalline products are manufactured, leading to the development method being embraced by major industries such as pharmaceuticals. In addition to the financial benefits offered by continuous crystallisation over conventional batch methods, a higher level of control over the crystallisation process can also be achieved – allowing improved, more consistent particle attributes to be obtained in the crystallisation process. This control is in part a consequence of the smaller volumes involved in continuous crystallisation, which also has the advantage of reducing any hazards associated with the materials being processed. By using smaller volumes, the mixing efficacy is inherently increased which reduces any disparity between local environments, thereby allowing kinetics to dictate the nature of the products. The EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation (CMAC [1]) in the UK is a collaborative national initiative to further the knowledge base and understanding of all aspects relating to continuous crystallisation and its use in the manufacturing of crystalline particulate products. In this work we present the design and construction of a novel continuous crystalliser and its evaluation using various model systems such as calcium carbonate (polymorph control [2]) and Bourne reactions (mixing efficacy [3]). The crystalliser will then be used in the co-crystallisation of agrichemical and pharmaceutical compounds with co-formers in an effort to optimise the solid-state properties of these materials such as solubility. Various aspects of the evaluation of the design of the new crystalliser will be presented with reference to these trials, and assessed critically with respect to evolution of this design and potential implementation in manufacturing processes.
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Ghosh, G., and F. R. Chen. "Crystallisation kinetics and microstructural evolution of Ni24Zr76 amorphous alloy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100173881.

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Apart from technological applications, scientifically amorphous —> crystal transformation is very important in understanding the atomic processes involved. For in-depth understanding of the crystallisation process, it is necessary to employ a combination of a number of experimental techniques. In this investigation, the details of the crystallisation of Ni24Zr76 amorphous alloy has been studied by differential scanning calorimtry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). This amorphous alloy undergoes eutectic crystallisation i.e., it transforms to (α-Zr) + NiZr2 crystals. It is our interest to study the kinetics of the crystallisation as well as the different steps involved in the evolution of equilibrium microstructure.Ribbons of 2-3 mm wide and 25-30 μm thick were produced by melt-spinning technique. Dynamic as well as isothermal crystallisation were studied in a Du-pont DSC 910 cell coupled with computer controlled thermal analyser (TA9900) having system control and data acquisition capabilities.
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Mantovani, M. S. M., and C. J. Hawkesworth. "An inversion approach to assimilation and fractional crystallisation processes." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 105, no. 3 (August 1990): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00306540.

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Bain, Jennifer, Christopher J. Legge, Deborah L. Beattie, Annie Sahota, Catherine Dirks, Joseph R. Lovett, and Sarah S. Staniland. "A biomimetic magnetosome: formation of iron oxide within carboxylic acid terminated polymersomes." Nanoscale 11, no. 24 (2019): 11617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr00498j.

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Mix, Andreas, Jan-Hendrik Lamm, Jan Schwabedissen, Erich Gebel, Hans-Georg Stammler, and Norbert W. Mitzel. "Monitoring dynamic pre-crystallization aggregation processes in solution by VT-DOSY-NMR spectroscopy." Chemical Communications 58, no. 21 (2022): 3465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc05925d.

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Hydrodynamic radii of pyridine (Py) and tetrafluoroiodopyridine (ITFP), measured by VT-DOSY NMR experiments, tell us how the aggregate formation, driven by halogen-bonding, and ulti-mately crystallisation, occurs.
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Bernardo, Enrico, Giovanni Scarinci, and S. Hreglich. "Monolithic and Cellular Sintered Glass-Ceramics from Wastes." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.596.

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Several kinds of wastes have been converted into glasses, successively powdered and sintered with simultaneous crystallisation. The employed “sinter-crystallisation” process was useful to obtain glass-ceramics with particular crystal phases (sometimes un-accessible from traditional nucleation/crystal growth treatments, like feldspar crystals). Conventional pressing of fine glass powders led to monoliths, after sintering, with remarkable mechanical properties (for example bending strength exceeding 100 MPa), useful for tile applications; replication processes, by employing sacrificial polymeric materials, after the same thermal treatment employed for the monoliths, led to open-celled glass-ceramic foams, useful for filtering applications. The enhanced specific surface due to porosity was found to have a positive effect on crystallisation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crystallisation processes"

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Ma, Chaoyang. "Particle shape distribution control in crystallisation processes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531612.

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Schacht, Ulrich. "Control of nucleation in continuous crystallisation processes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24858.

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Crystallisation is an important separation and purification technology in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry. Crystallisation processes are designed to generate and control supersaturation, nucleate desired polymorphs as well as crystal shapes and growing product crystals to the required particle size distribution and purity. Traditionally crystallisation is carried out in batch mode, due to the necessary process flexibility, although continuous processing can offer advantages of reproducible product quality, more sustainability as well as lesser waste and lower carbon footprint. This work describes a route towards the development of continuous crystallisation processes for small organic molecules. Supersaturation is the ultimate requirement for nucleation and in processes where mixing of two or more solutions is required to generate supersaturation, this step can affect nucleation. This thesis shows that higher mixing intensities yield higher solid recoveries over time and a smaller particle size. However, this phenomenon only applies to low and medium mixing flow rates, whereas results for high mixing flow rates are at the same level as for the medium ones. Furthermore, this effect was only observed in Valine - water:isopropanol (1:1) and at high supersaturations in Glycine - water:isopropanol (1:1) systems. In L-Glutamic acid - water:isopropanol (1:1) or L-Asparagine - water:isopropanol (1:1) systems this effect was not observed at all. Even the reactive precipitation of L-Glutamic acid (H-Glu) from Na-Glutamate and H2SO4 did not show any effects of mixing intensity on solid recovery over time. The mixing insensitive reactive precipitation of H-Glu was used to study the effect of post-mixing flow treatment on solid recovery over time and final polymorphic population. Micromixed samples were exposed to different batch flow units with hydrodynamics of a quiescent crystalliser (QC), stirred tank crystalliser (STC), magnetically stirred crystalliser (MSC), peristaltic pump recirculation loop (PPL) and an oscillatory baffled crystalliser (OBC). Harsh hydrodynamic conditions or mechanical impact like in the STC, MSC or OBC yield the metastable prismatic Alpha H-Glu polymorph and significantly increase solid recovery over time. Milder hydrodynamics like in a QC or PPL yield the stable platelet/needle like Beta H-Glu polymorph, where the PPL shows enhanced solid recovery over the QC. Despite XRPD analysis indicating pure Beta phase, the QC samples also contain about 0.1 % of the Alpha form, which growth kinetics suggest that they must have formed very shortly after mixing. Connecting the continuous mixing setup with a Beta enhancing flow-through PPL unit and a sample collection vessel made a fully continuous Beta H-Glu crystalliser. However, this system never reached steady-state operation, fouling and blockage was a major challenge and an unexpected change in the polymorph population from the stable Beta to the metastable Alpha was observed. This system did not perform satisfactorily and therefore experiments were discontinued. For the mixing insensitive antisolvent crystallisation of H-Glu, a novel rapid continuous antisolvent crystallisation setup was developed to produce crystal suspension of the Beta polymorph with a small size and narrow particle size distribution. The system jetinjects aqueous H-Glu solution into the bulk of isopropanol antisolvent and its performance was characterised with respect to different antisolvent mass fraction, bulk supersaturation, polymorphic population, steady-state operation, solid recovery over time, crystal size, particle size distribution and scale-up capabilities. Results show that increasing the antisolvent mass fraction reduces the final crystal size and particle size distribution, crystal product is of pure Beta form with a high yield, the system rapidly achieves very high supersaturation and reaches steady-state operations after about 20-30 min. Higher total flow rates and scale-up of the system did not show any effect on particle and system properties. The produced crystal slurry exhibits ideal properties of a Beta H-Glu seeding suspension for further crystal growth. Continuously seeded continuous crystal growth cooling crystallisation experiments were carried out in a tubular continuous oscillatory baffled crystalliser (COBC). H-Glu solution of two different concentrations was pumped through the system and Beta H-Glu seeding suspension of two different seed loadings were injected into the saturated solution. Mass balance calculations, supersaturation data, seed loading & solution concentration, crystal morphology information, crystal growth rates and mean residence time in each temperature section along the rig were used to predict solution concentration, desupersaturation behaviour and the temperature profile of the process. Online Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) analysis and offline laser diffraction particle sizing measurements recorded crystal growth in the system. Offline solid recovery analysis over time at various points along the rig successfully confirmed the predicted solution concentrations and desupersaturation profile of the COBC. However, micrographs and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that final product crystals are agglomerated. The effect of seed loading & solution concentration on the final agglomerated particle size distribution and solid recovery over time was investigated. Higher solution concentration led to larger product crystals, whereas different seed loadings did not show a clear trend. Steady-state crystallisation was demonstrated based on particle size distribution as well as supersaturation data after each crystalliser residence time and was achieved within 20 min after the system was conditioned with crystal slurry. Fouling and secondary Alpha nucleation was not a problem as long as the supersaturation did not exceed a level of 3.7 in the bulk solution.
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Abebe, Solomon Befekadu. "Monitoring batch crystallisation processes using near infrared spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446057.

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Mabbott, Fraser Adam. "Towards understanding fouling mechanisms in continuous crystallisation processes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28675.

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Fouling involves the unwanted deposition and build-up of solid material on surfaces within a process. This problem is widely encountered in multiphase and solid phase processing in many industries including oil and gas, pharmaceutical and fine chemical manufacturing sectors. Although it is acknowledged to impact both batch and continuous processing methods it poses a particular challenge to the controlled operation of continuous crystallisation processes where extended operation under non-equilibrium conditions is required. Whilst the factors impacting on fouling have been proposed, there have been only a relatively limited number of studies into fouling mechanisms to date. With increased interest in deploying continuous crystallisation processes for pharmaceutical manufacturing, the motivation for this work was to develop an improved understanding of the influence of material properties and process conditions on fouling processes. In this work, a number of studies were conducted in which key materials and process parameters were investigated. These have included different materials of construction (MOCs), process conditions (flow, supersaturation, temperature gradients (ΔT)) and crystallising solutions (solute and solvent). Primary fouling studies were conducted using a small scale batch crystallisation setup to explore the influence on MOCs, supersaturation and agitation rate upon both bulk crystal nucleation and surface fouling of paracetamol. The prominent fouling mechanism was found to be particle deposition which was influenced by supersaturation, agitation rate, different MOCs and exposure time. Fouling is known to occur on heat exchange interfaces due to the localised supersaturation that can be generated e.g. in a plug flow continuous cooling crystalliser. A novel surface induced continuous crystallisation fouling assessment platform (C-FAP) was developed in conjunction with Cambridge Reactor Design (CRD). The C-FAP was evaluated as an assessment tool by exploring different MOCs and process conditions upon fouling and fouling mechanisms via in situ imaging and temperature measurement. The platform was characterised and used to explore surface induction mechanisms in which initiation and growth was strongly influenced by different MOCs, with stainless steel showing a greater tendency than PTFE, in addition to the degree of supersaturation. The temperature difference across the MOC interface (ΔTMOC) was demonstrated to influence nucleation and growth to varying extents. An ideal scenario would be to be able to predict or rule out unfavourable combinations of solute, solvent and MOC properties early in process design to avoid late stage problems. A screen was carried out to assess the potential to develop a multivariate predictive model for fouling propensity and fouling behaviour. The models provide insight into the most influential parameters comprising MOC, solute, solvent and process descriptors to steer subsequent experiments. The importance of MOC properties and process conditions was highlighted for all models. A variety of assessment tools were demonstrated within this work in which recommendations for fouling evaluation were provided in addition to methods to further develop fouling understanding.
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Lewis, Barrie. "The development of a Semi-Open Refrigeration Cycle for the crystallisation of aqueous salts." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1996. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-development-of-a-semiopen-refrigeration-cycle-for-the-crystallisation-of-aqueous-salts(f7306f14-fe23-493f-a428-76b34a79ec80).html.

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The development of a Semi-Open Refrigeration Cycle had been shown to be of economic value to the process of crystallisation. The experimentation took the form of several bench scale experiments to develop the designs of the individual vessels that were to constitute the final pilot plant. In view of the safety hazards involved with a plant contacting Sulphuric Acid and Liquid Butane, a substantial Hazop and HAZAN study has been carried out. From this data the pilot plant was constructed, with all necessary safety features. Computer monitoring and partial computer control was installed. The pilot plant was operated as a closed loop for extended periods, to enable the production of both Iron (2) and Copper (2) Sulphates to be produced on a continuous basis. The results showed that the crystals produced are of a small size, indicative of the instantaneous chilling of the mother liquor and are not contaminated to a significant degree with the refrigerant. The thermal efficiency of the cycle was lower than expected at 80%, but improvements in insulation coupled with the redesign of the condenser, eliminating the necessity for a separator vessel, should increase this to the expected 90%.
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Rockey, Helen Anne. "The environmental control and clean technology of fuel emissions and crystallisation processes." Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394707.

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Mathieson, Gillian Ann. "Olivine-basaltic melt re-equilibration rates and their implications for crystallisation processes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343508.

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Parsons, Matthew D. "Optical and mechanical studies of the air/water interface and crystallisation processes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422298/.

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The air/water interface and crystallisation have long been challenging to study despite their crucial importance in many areas of modern science. They can be difficult to study without interfering in some way with the process being observed and once the work it can be very challenging to interpret the results which have been gathered. This work attempts to understand the air/water interface and other air/solvent interfaces using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The values of the complex refractive index which are measured give insight into the nature of these interfaces and the apparent differences between water and other solvents. Work has also been performed to study the process of crystallisation through second harmonic imaging microscopy and single crystal x ray diffraction. To bridge these two areas, p-Nitrophenol has been studied in depth, with a literature review of the surrounding work on the compound, as well as studies on the effects of irradiation on the α crystal polymorph. Finally, the growth of a p-Nitrophenol layer at the air/water interface has been studied using Langmuir Blodgettry and tensiometry to understand the rate and mechanism of the growth.
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Alhseinat, Emad Yousef Mahmoud. "Characterisation and prediction of crystallisation fouling in reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane processes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7844.

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Membrane technologies are considered a promising solution for water scarcity in arid regions. However, fouling is a major challenge facing the application of membrane technologies. Fouling limits the economic viability and reduces the overall efficiency of membrane processes. Therefore, fouling mitigation is a crucial factor in spreading the use of membrane technologies for new applications. The first step in fouling mitigation is to predict the propensity of fouling. Unfortunately, there are immense limitations in current industrial practises for fouling propensity prediction. These limitations come from using outdated and inapplicable approaches, in which crucial assumptions are made. For example, in the case of crystallisation fouling or “scaling” one of the major simplifications is the use of pure scaling salt data to predict the propensity of scaling when, in reality, co-precipitation is present. This research work aims to introduce a new approach to systematic assessment of the fouling problem under real and complex conditions and to enhance understanding of the importance of including interactive effects and co-precipitation in the prediction of scaling propensity. In this research work a novel procedure accounting for the local variation of thermodynamic properties along a long membrane channel is proposed. A new approach considering ion interaction and process hydrodynamics for the prediction of the scaling propensity is then introduced. This new approach provides for the first time a completely theoretical assessment for pure salt scaling propensity along a full scale filtration channel without the use of any empirical constants. A new procedure for including the effect of co-precipitation on scaling propensity prediction is developed. The effect of process pressure on solubility products is included theoretically for the first time to enhance the accuracy of scaling propensity prediction during the full scale RO process. This research work helps to produce more reliable and accurate prediction of the onset of scaling which will help strategies to mitigate scaling and increase the overall efficiency of RO/NF processes. The new approach can be applied in practical situations and could be developed to a user-friendly programme able to give an accurate prediction of the fouling propensity in full scale processes allowing the optimisation of membrane processes accordingly. Moreover, comprehensive experimental work has been carried out during this PhD research work to enhance understanding of crystallisation fouling and coprecipitation. The effect of salinity and dissolved organics (DO) in CaSO4 and SrSO4 precipitation and co-precipitation are studied and discussed. Quantitative and qualitative thermodynamic and kinetic analyses combined with structural analyses of deposits are carried out to investigate the effect of salinity, DO presence and coprecipitation on SrSO4 and CaSO4 precipitation. The observations in this experimental study are very important for a deeper understanding of the effect of scaling salts’ coexistence, salinity and DO presence on the behaviour of the scaling salts. This is crucial to reaching a reliable prediction of the scaling propensity within RO/NF processes. Finally, the new developed approaches in this thesis have been validated using set of hydrodynamic tests. This set of tests has been carried out using a newly installed laboratory membrane rig. Moreover, a new technique to simulate full scale membrane processes is proposed using a laboratory membrane rig combined with the programs previously developed in this thesis. This new technique can be used to study the effect of process hydrodynamics on scaling and process performance of full scale membrane processes using a laboratory membrane rig. The outcomes of this research work can be used to investigate the optimal operating conditions and to guide design criteria for different RO/NF practical scenarios.
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Hickman, Ian. "Chromium segregation and its effect on crystallisation processes in green soda-lime-silica glass." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505561.

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Books on the topic "Crystallisation processes"

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Bemingham, Sean. Design Procedure & Predictive Models for Solution Crystallisation Processes: Development & Application. Delft Univ Pr, 2003.

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Littlefield, Charles W. Man, Minerals and Masters. Kessinger Publishing, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crystallisation processes"

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Ageorges, C., and L. Ye. "Crystallisation Kinetics." In Engineering Materials and Processes, 135–60. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0171-0_5.

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Cisternas, L. A., C. P. Guerrero, and R. E. Swaney. "Separation system synthesis of fractional crystallisation processes with heat integration." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 991–96. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(00)80167-4.

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Abbas, Ali, and Jose Romagnoli. "A modelling environment for the advanced operation of crystallisation processes." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 1250–55. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(03)80481-9.

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Muhieddine, Mohamad H., Suela Jonuzaj, Shekhar K. Viswanath, Alan Armstrong, Amparo Galindo, and Claire S. Adjiman. "Model-based solvent selection for integrated synthesis, crystallisation and isolation processes." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 601–6. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95879-0.50101-6.

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Beale, A. M., and B. M. Weckhuysen. "Understanding the crystallisation processes leading to the formation of microporous aluminophosphates." In From Zeolites to Porous MOF Materials - The 40th Anniversary of International Zeolite Conference, Proceedings of the 15th International Zeolite Conference, 748–55. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(07)80916-5.

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Aamir, Erum, Zoltan K. Nagy, and Christopher D. Rielly. "Simulation and Experimental Evaluation of Seed and Supersaturation Control Design Approaches for Crystallisation Processes." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 763–68. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(10)28128-2.

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Duncan, John C., and Duncan M. Price. "Thermomechanical, Dynamic Mechanical and Dielectric Methods." In Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 164–213. 2nd ed. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782620518-00164.

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Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is the study of the relationship between a sample's dimensions and its temperature whilst it is subject to a constant (or negligible) mechanical stress. Thus the thermal expansion of a specimen may be measured and softening temperatures determined. In a similar way, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) monitors the stiffness and mechanical damping properties of a material, both as a function of temperature but also as a function of rate of change of deformation. These properties are sensitive to molecular mobility and permit the study of physical processes such as melting, crystallisation or the glass transition as well as chemical processes such as the curing of thermosets. In an analogous fashion, the thermal response of a material exposed to a static or alternating electric field may be examined by measuring thermally stimulated currents or its dielectric properties respectively.
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Betlem, Ben H. L., Sander van Rosmalen, Peter B. Thonus, and Brian Roffel. "Optimal operation of fed-batch sugar crystallisation with recycle." In European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering-12, 35th European Symposium of the Working Party on Computer Aided Process Engineering, 637–42. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(02)80134-1.

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Caserta, Salvatore. "The Extended Foundation of the Caribbean Court of Justice between Decolonisation and Globalisation." In International Courts in Latin America and the Caribbean, 25–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867999.003.0002.

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This chapter deals with the extended process of creation of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) arguing that, different from what often stated in the literature, the Court is the institutional crystallisation of two long-enduring movements within the Caribbean legal field. One of these two movements is linked to the development of early regionalism, and ties into the Court’s origins as a regional economic institution aimed at reviving the Caribbean Common Market (CARICOM). The other is a movement related to the long-lasting process of Caribbean decolonisation from the United Kingdom, as the CCJ is also intended to be a regional Supreme Court to replace the Privy Council as the apex court of the former British West Indian colonies. The chapter also analyses the window of opportunity leading to the creation of the Court, most notably the clash between different generations of Caribbean legal elites and their own respective disagreements with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on death penalty issues and, more generally, on how to handle the judicial system of the Caribbean countries.
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Dinerstein, Ana Cecilia. "Co-construction or prefiguration? The problem of the ‘translation’ of social and solidarity economy practices into policy." In Towards Just and Sustainable Economies. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447327226.003.0004.

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By engaging with the recent experience of Latin American Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) movements, this chapter discusses three ideas. First, that SSE practices by social movements can be seen as tools for the anticipation of alternative reality/ practices, relationships and horizons—in the present. Second, that the integration of SSE practices into state policy requires the institutionalisation of the SSE sector which renders invisible everything that does not fit within the ‘parameters of legibility’ of the state’s policy territory. As the state seeks to achieve order and stability, policy reforms are the crystallisation in time of ongoing conflicts. Third, an adequate ‘translation’ of the SSE into policy requires a type of co-construction of policy that engages with the emancipatory call of SSE movements, thus constituting a prefigurative translation. By escaping the contours of the state’s given reality, prefigurative translation allows SSE movements to venture into new territories. This ‘prefigurative translation’ is part of the process of ‘organising hope’ by SSE movements.
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Conference papers on the topic "Crystallisation processes"

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Pesavento, Francesco, Dariusz Gawin, Bernhard A. Schrefler, and Marcin Koniorczyk. "Modelling Chemical Processes in Cement Based Materials by Means of Multiphase Porous Media Mechanics." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82932.

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A general approach to modelling chemical degradation processes in cement based materials, due to combined action of hygro-thermal, chemical and mechanical loads, is presented. Mechanics of multiphase porous media and damage mechanics are applied for this purpose. The mass-, energy- and momentum balance equations, and constitutive and physical relations are briefly presented, and then numerically solved with the finite element method. Several examples of the model application for analysing ions transport and degradation processes of concrete due to chemical attack of pure water, salt crystallisation and alkali-silica reaction are presented and discussed.
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Ojovan, Michael, Guenter Mo¨bus, Jim Tsai, Stuart Cook, and Guang Yang. "On Fluidization of Borosilicate Glasses in Intense Radiation Fields." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16055.

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The viscosity is rate-limiting for many processes in glassy materials such as homogenisation and crystallisation. Changes in the viscous flow behaviour in conditions of long-term irradiation are of particular interest for glassy materials used in nuclear installations as well as for nuclear waste immobilising glasses. We analyse the viscous flow behaviour of oxide amorphous materials in conditions of electron-irradiation using the congruent bond lattice model of oxide materials accounting for the flow-mediating role of broken bonds termed configurons. An explicit equation of viscosity was obtained which is in agreement with experimental data for non-irradiated glasses and shows for irradiated glasses, first, a significant decrease of viscosity, and, second, a stepwise reduction of the activation energy of flow. An equation for glass-transition temperature was derived which shows that irradiated glasses have lower glass transition temperatures. Intensive electron irradiation of glasses causes their fluidisation due to non-thermal bond breaking and can occur below the glass transition temperature. Due to surface tension forces fluidisation of glasses at enough high electron flux densities can result in modification of nano-size volumes and particles such as those experimentally observed under TEM electron beams.
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Kumar, R., P. Cheang, K. A. Khor, and T. White. "Full profile fitting of Radio Frequency Suspension Plasma Sprayed Ultra-Fine Hydroxyapatite Powders." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0053.

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Abstract Ultra-fine hydroxyapatite (HA) powders were produced with radio frequency (RF) suspension plasma spraying (SPS). This novel technique utilizes the inherent properties of the RF plasma enabling axial feeding of the suspension into the plasma producing spherical ultra-fine HA powders. These powders were examined by XRD and Rietveld analysis using the Rietquan 2.3 Quantitative Analysis software package. The aim of the analysis was to determine the various amounts of decomposed phases and amorphous content after SPS of HA. Results showed that the amount of decomposed phases rose up to a plate power of 15 kW there after decreasing at higher plate powers. The amorphous phase however kept increasing with plate power reaching about 35 wt.% in the powders sprayed at 21 kW. These trends have led to the belief that the phase content and hence, the characteristics of the powders are controlled mainly by the competitive processes of decomposition and melting and evaporation within the plasma. The morphology of the powders was also observed through TEM and changes in molecular structure were investigated by FTIR. DSC was carried out to observe the crystallisation of amorphous calcium phosphate into HA.
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Stewart, Martin W. A., Sam A. Moricca, Tina Eddowes, Yingjie Zhang, Eric R. Vance, Gregory R. Lumpkin, Melody L. Carter, Mark Dowson, and Michael James. "The Use of Hot-Isostatic Pressing to Process Nuclear Waste Forms." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16253.

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ANSTO has developed a combination of tailored nuclear waste form chemistries coupled with the use of flexible hot-isostatic pressing processing technology to enable the successful incorporation of problematic nuclear wastes into dense, durable monoliths. This combined package also enables the design of waste forms with waste loadings well in excess of those achievable via baseline melting routes using borosilicate glass, as hot-isostatic pressing is not constrained by factors such as glass viscosity, crystallisation and electrical conductivity. In this paper we will discuss some of our experiences with problematic wastes, namely plutonium wastes, sludges and HLW such as the Idaho calcines.
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AUDEBERT, F., H. SIRKIN, and A. GARCÍA ESCORIAL. "STUDY OF THE CRYSTALLISATION PROCESS OF THE Al-Fe-Nb AMORPHOUS ALLOYS." In Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Non-Crystalline Solids. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814447225_0054.

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Zhang, Jie, Jerome Nguyan, Zhihua Xiong, and Julian Morris. "Iterative learning control of a crystallisation process using batch wise updated linearised models." In 2009 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2009.5192272.

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Dobrovska, Jana, Frantisek Kavicka, Karel Stransky, Vera Dobrovska, Josef Stetina, and Jaromir Heger. "Two Numerical Models for Optimization of the Foundry Technology of the Ceramics EUCOR." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56144.

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Corundo-baddeleyit material — EUCOR — is a heat- and wear-resistant material even at extreme temperatures. This article introduces a numerical model of solidification and cooling of this material in a non-metallic mould. The model is capable of determining the total solidification time of the casting and also the place of the casting which solidifies last. Furthermore, it is possible to calculate the temperature gradient in any point and time, and also determine the local solidification time and the solidification interval of any point. The local solidification time is one of the input parameters for the cooperating model of chemical heterogeneity. This second model and its application on samples of EUCOR prove that the applied method of measurement of chemical heterogeneity provides detailed quantitative information on the material structure and makes it possible to analyse the solidification process. The analysis of this process entails statistical processing of the results of the measurements of the heterogeneity of the components of EUCOR and performs correlation of individual components during solidification. The crystallisation process seems to be very complicated, where the macro- and microscopic segregations differ significantly. The verification of both numerical models was conducted on a real cast 350 × 200 × 400 mm block.
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Giandomenico, Manuel, Filippo Edoardo Capasso, Sokol Muca, Maria Carolina Gaetani, Sara Iafrate, Marco Bartolini, Ulderico Santamaria, Angela Calia, Emilia Vasanelli, and Davide Melica. "RETOUCHING MURAL PAINTINGS IN HYPOGEUM: PRELIMINARY STUDY AND FIRST RESULTS." In RECH6 - 6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rech6.2021.13533.

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This study was carried out during the ICR conservation project involving two of the mural paintings of the Saint Peter and Paul’s hypogeum in Matera. Retouching mural paintings preserved in such a peculiar environment as hypogea is not an ordinary operation. In these contexts, relative humidity approximating to 100% makes hygroscopic materials less durable, favouring biological growth on them. In addition, severe climatic conditions can lead to a fast degradation of retouching materials. Watercolours, extensively employed for retouching mural paintings, are not completely recommendable in such humid environments, so a research was planned to find a compatible and alternative binding media. A study was carried out on laboratory samples to select the most suitable binding media among the following: two synthetic resins, Laropal A81 and Regalrez 1094, and two natural products, Funori and arabic gum. Each binder was blended with two different pigments. For each binder four different dilutions were tested, in order to find out how these factors could have affected the analysed properties. These products have been investigated in relation to their optical properties, wettability, vapour and water permeability, resistance to salt crystallisation and bioreceptivity. Some tests were repeated after an artificial ageing process, based on cyclical alternation of humid-cold and dry-hot exposure conditions. In addition to the laboratory tests, some in situ applications were performed. Amongst four binders, Regalrez 1094 showed the best results. Nevertheless, its bioreceptivity and applicability issues make necessary to continue and develop further research.
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