Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crystallisation;Hard Sphere Systems

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Crystallisation;Hard Sphere Systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crystallisation;Hard Sphere Systems"

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Shakirov, Timur. "Crystallisation in Melts of Short, Semi-Flexible Hard-Sphere Polymer Chains: The Role of the Non-Bonded Interaction Range." Entropy 21, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21090856.

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A melt of short semi-flexible polymers with hard-sphere-type non-bonded interaction undergoes a first-order crystallisation transition at lower density than a melt of hard-sphere monomers or a flexible hard-sphere chain. In contrast to the flexible hard-sphere chains, the semi-flexible ones have an intrinsic stiffness energy scale, which determines the natural temperature scale of the system. In this paper, we investigate the effect of weak additional non-bonded interaction on the phase transition temperature. We study the system using the stochastic approximation Monte Carlo (SAMC) method to estimate the micro-canonical entropy of the system. Since the density of states in the purely hard-sphere non-bonded interaction case already covers 5600 orders of magnitude, we consider the effect of weak interactions as a perturbation. In this case, the system undergoes the same ordering transition with a temperature shift non-uniformly depending on the additional interaction. Short-range attractions impede ordering of the melt of semi-flexible polymers and decrease the transition temperature, whereas relatively long-range attractions assist ordering and shift the transition temperature to higher values, whereas weak repulsive interactions demonstrate an opposite effect on the transition temperature.
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Stoyan, Dietrich. "SURFACES OF HARD-SPHERE SYSTEMS." Image Analysis & Stereology 33, no. 3 (July 25, 2014): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.1134.

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In various situations surfaces appear that are formed by systems of hard spheres. Examples are porous layers as surfaces of sand heaps and biofilms or fracture surfaces of concrete. The present paper considers models where a statistically homogeneous system of hard spheres with random radii is intersected by a plane and the surface is formed by the spheres with centers close to this plane. Formulae are derived for various characteristics of such surfaces: for the porosity profile, i.e. the local porosity in dependence on the distance from the section plane and for the geometry of the sphere caps that look above the section plane.It turns out that these characteristics only depend on the first-order characteristics of the sphere system, its sphere density and the sphere radius distribution.Comparison with empirically studied biofilms shows that the model is realistic.
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Speedy, Robin J. "Pressure of hard-sphere systems." Journal of Physical Chemistry 92, no. 7 (April 1988): 2016–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100318a061.

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Fishman, R. S., E. F. Hill, T. K. Storsved, and G. P. Bierwagen. "Density fluctuations in hard-sphere systems." Journal of Applied Physics 79, no. 2 (1996): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360818.

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Richard, Patrick, Luc Oger, Jean-Paul Troadec, and Annie Gervois. "Geometrical characterization of hard-sphere systems." Physical Review E 60, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 4551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.60.4551.

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Singh, P., and C. Huang. "Particle dynamics in hard-sphere systems." Mechanics Research Communications 27, no. 5 (September 2000): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-6413(00)00125-7.

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Singh, P., and C. Huang. "Particle dynamics in hard-sphere systems." Mechanics Research Communications 28, no. 2 (March 2001): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-6413(01)00167-7.

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KIM, SOON-CHUL. "SEGREGATION OF FLUIDIZED BINARY HARD-SPHERE SYSTEMS UNDER GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 04 (February 10, 2005): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205027809.

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We have derived an analytic expression for the contact value of the local density of binary hard-sphere systems under gravity. We have obtained the crossover conditions for the Brazil-nut type segregation of binary hard-sphere mixtures and binary hard-sphere chain mixtures from the segregation criterion, where the segregation occurs when the density (or the pressure) of the small spheres at the bottom is higher than that of the large spheres, or vice versa. For the binary hard-sphere chain mixtures, the crossover condition for the segregation depends on the number of monomers composed of hard-sphere chains as well as the mass and the diameter of each species. The fundamental-measure theories (FMTs) and local density approximation (LDA) are employed to examine the crossover condition for the segregation of the gravity-induced hard-sphere mixtures. The calculated results show that the LDA does not explain the density oscillation near the bottom, whereas the modified fundamental-measure theory (MFMT) compares with molecular dynamics simulations.
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Müller, Erich A., and Keith E. Gubbins. "Triplet correlation function for hard sphere systems." Molecular Physics 80, no. 1 (September 1993): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979300102081.

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Rintoul, M. D., and S. Torquato. "Metastability and Crystallization in Hard-Sphere Systems." Physical Review Letters 77, no. 20 (November 11, 1996): 4198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.4198.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crystallisation;Hard Sphere Systems"

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Wild, Robert John. "Theoretical Studies of Crystallisation in Hard Sphere Systems." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/646.

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The primary focus of this work is to develop an understanding of crystallisation in hard sphere systems. The thesis is presented in two parts. The first section is an investigation of the liquid/crystal interface at equilibrium using molecular dynamical simulations. The objective is to understand how the interface might bridge between the disordered and ordered states in liquid/crystal environments. Topological measures of structure are used to investigate whether any precursor structures are present in the liquid phase, close to the interface, that would allow transition from disorder to order. This differs from other work where simpler measures of structure, classifying phases into either liquid or crystal, are used. The results indicate that the liquid/crystal interface of a hard sphere system is very narrow and no readily observable structures were found that extended past the width of the equilibrium interface. The second section of the thesis is a theoretical study of growth kinetics in hard sphere systems using density functional theory. The kinetics in a fixed volume are examined with a single conserved order parameter. The work is extended incorporating both conserved particle and non-conserved structure dynamics. The kinetics of growth are examined and it is shown that the small initial crystals are quickly isolated from the higher pressure of the surrounding system through the development of a depletion zone.
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Wild, Robert John. "Theoretical Studies of Crystallisation in Hard Sphere Systems." University of Sydney. Chemistry, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/646.

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The primary focus of this work is to develop an understanding of crystallisation in hard sphere systems. The thesis is presented in two parts. The first section is an investigation of the liquid/crystal interface at equilibrium using molecular dynamical simulations. The objective is to understand how the interface might bridge between the disordered and ordered states in liquid/crystal environments. Topological measures of structure are used to investigate whether any precursor structures are present in the liquid phase, close to the interface, that would allow transition from disorder to order. This differs from other work where simpler measures of structure, classifying phases into either liquid or crystal, are used. The results indicate that the liquid/crystal interface of a hard sphere system is very narrow and no readily observable structures were found that extended past the width of the equilibrium interface. The second section of the thesis is a theoretical study of growth kinetics in hard sphere systems using density functional theory. The kinetics in a fixed volume are examined with a single conserved order parameter. The work is extended incorporating both conserved particle and non-conserved structure dynamics. The kinetics of growth are examined and it is shown that the small initial crystals are quickly isolated from the higher pressure of the surrounding system through the development of a depletion zone.
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Francis, Philip Sydney, and phil francis@rmit edu au. "Crystallisation spectrometer." RMIT University. SET, 2002. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20050617.121435.

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An improved crystallisation spectrometer has been designed, built and tested. It is to be used by others to gain new knowledge about the solidification of matter by study of the crystallisation of hard sphere colloid samples that are an established model for the behaviour of some aspects of atoms. In this crystallisation spectrometer, expanded and collimated green laser light is Bragg scattered from the colloidal crystals as they form, and the diffracted light is focused by a liquid filled hollow glass hemispherical lens onto low cost CCD array detectors that are rotated about the optical axis to average the intensities around the whole Debye-Scherrer cone of scattered light. The temperature of the sample is controlled to +/-0.1„a, and because of the ability to change the refractive index of the sample particles with temperature, this is utilised to control the amount of scattering from the sample Also, this spectrometer uniquely exploits the refractive index match of the colloidal particles, the solvent, the bath liquid, and the glass used for both the sample bottle and the hollow glass hemisphere. A unique facility has been incorporated to permit tumbling of the sample prior to the measurement commencing to shear-melt any pre-existing crystals. This ensures that the sample is completely fluid and is at the correct temperature at the start of the measurement. The instrument is assembled on an optical table and is computer controlled. Results presented show that this new spectrometer with its use of the whole Debye-Scherrer cone of Bragg scattered light and other enhancements gives insight into the crystallisation process more than one order of magnitude of time earlier than previous light scattering experiments, providing new knowledge about the crystallisation process.
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Heni, Martin. "Surface induced effects in hard sphere systems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962680818.

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Fairhurst, D. J. "Colloidal size polydispersity in hard-sphere and depletion systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650453.

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I have studied the effects of polydispersity on the phase behaviour of suspensions of PMMA colloidal spheres on their own and in the presence of non-adsorbed polymer. Fractionation studies on coexisting phases enabled verification of a recent universal law of fractionation in slightly polydisperse systems.
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Voisey, Jeremy Paul. "Cell theory of binary and polydisperse hard sphere systems." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760779.

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Watanabe, Hiroshi, Satoshi Yukawa, M. A. Novotny, and Nobuyasu Ito. "Efficiency of rejection-free dynamic Monte Carlo methods for homogeneous spin models, hard disk systems, and hard sphere systems." The American Physical Society, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7148.

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Mandal, Suvendu Verfasser], Dierk [Akademischer Betreuer] [Raabe, Fathollah Akademischer Betreuer] Varnik, and Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] [Svendsen. "Dynamic correlations and confinement effects in glass forming hard sphere systems / Suvendu Mandal ; Dierk Raabe, Fathollah Varnik, Bob Svendsen." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1128231638/34.

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Srinivasan, Vivek. "CFD – DEM Modeling and Parallel Implementation of Three Dimensional Non- Spherical Particulate Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91889.

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Particulate systems in practical applications such as biomass combustion, blood cellular systems and granular particles in fluidized beds, have often been computationally represented using spherical surfaces, even though the majority of particles in archetypal fluid-solid systems are non-spherical. While spherical particles are more cost-effective to simulate, notable deficiencies of these implementations are their substantial inaccuracies in predicting the dynamics of particle mixtures. Alternatively, modeling dense fluid-particulate systems using non-spherical particles involves increased complexity, with computational cost manifesting as the biggest bottleneck. However, with recent advancements in computer hardware, simulations of three-dimensional particulate systems using irregular shaped particles have garnered significant interest. In this research, a novel Discrete Element Method (DEM) model that incorporates geometry definition, collision detection, and post-collision kinematics has been developed to accurately simulate non-spherical particulate systems. Superellipsoids, which account for 80% of particles commonly found in nature, are used to represent non-spherical shapes. Collisions between these particles are processed using a distance function computation carried out with respect to their surfaces. An event - driven model and a time-driven model have been employed in the current framework to resolve collisions. The collision model's influence on non–spherical particle dynamics is verified by observing the conservation of momentum and total kinetic energy. Furthermore, the non-spherical DEM model is coupled with an in-house fluid flow solver (GenIDLEST). The combined CFD-DEM model's results are validated by comparing to experimental measurements in a fluidized bed. The parallel scalability of the non-spherical DEM model is evaluated in terms of its efficiency and speedup. Major factors affecting wall clock time of simulations are analyzed and an estimate of the model's dependency on these factors is documented. The developed framework allows for a wide range of particle geometries to be simulated in GenIDLEST.
Master of Science
CFD – DEM (Discrete Element Method) is a technique of coupling fluid flow solvers with granular solid particles. CFD – DEM simulations are beneficial in recreating pragmatic applications such as blood cellular flows, fluidized beds and pharmaceutics. Up until recently, particles in these flows have been modeled as spheres as the generation of particle geometry and collision detection algorithms are straightforward. However, in real – life occurrences, most particles are irregular in shape, and approximating them as spheres in computational works leads to a substantial loss of accuracy. On the other hand, non – spherical particles are more complex to generate. When these particles are in motion, they collide and exhibit complex trajectories. Majority of the wall clock time is spent in resolving collisions between these non – spherical particles. Hence, generic algorithms to detect and resolve collisions have to be incorporated. This primary focus of this research work is to develop collision detection and resolution algorithms for non – spherical particles. Collisions are detected using inherent geometrical properties of the class of particles used. Two popular models (event-driven and time-driven) are implemented and utilized to update the trajectories of particles. These models are coupled with an in – house fluid solver (GenIDLEST) and the functioning of the DEM model is validated with experimental results from previous research works. Also, since the computational effort required is higher in the case of non – spherical particulate simulations, an estimate of the scalability of the problem and factors influencing time to simulations are presented.
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Kapfunde, Goodwell. "Near-capacity sphere decoder based detection schemes for MIMO wireless communication systems." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/11350.

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The search for the closest lattice point arises in many communication problems, and is known to be NP-hard. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) Detector is the optimal detector which yields an optimal solution to this problem, but at the expense of high computational complexity. Existing near-optimal methods used to solve the problem are based on the Sphere Decoder (SD), which searches for lattice points confined in a hyper-sphere around the received point. The SD has emerged as a powerful means of finding the solution to the ML detection problem for MIMO systems. However the bottleneck lies in the determination of the initial radius. This thesis is concerned with the detection of transmitted wireless signals in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) digital communication systems as efficiently and effectively as possible. The main objective of this thesis is to design efficient ML detection algorithms for MIMO systems based on the depth-first search (DFS) algorithms whilst taking into account complexity and bit error rate performance requirements for advanced digital communication systems. The increased capacity and improved link reliability of MIMO systems without sacrificing bandwidth efficiency and transmit power will serve as the key motivation behind the study of MIMO detection schemes. The fundamental principles behind MIMO systems are explored in Chapter 2. A generic framework for linear and non-linear tree search based detection schemes is then presented Chapter 3. This paves way for different methods of improving the achievable performance-complexity trade-off for all SD-based detection algorithms. The suboptimal detection schemes, in particular the Minimum Mean Squared Error-Successive Interference Cancellation (MMSE-SIC), will also serve as pre-processing as well as comparison techniques whilst channel capacity approaching Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes will be employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed SD. Numerical and simulation results show that non-linear detection schemes yield better performance compared to linear detection schemes, however, at the expense of a slight increase in complexity. The first contribution in this thesis is the design of a near ML-achieving SD algorithm for MIMO digital communication systems that reduces the number of search operations within the sphere-constrained search space at reduced detection complexity in Chapter 4. In this design, the distance between the ML estimate and the received signal is used to control the lower and upper bound radii of the proposed SD to prevent NP-complete problems. The detection method is based on the DFS algorithm and the Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC). The SIC ensures that the effects of dominant signals are effectively removed. Simulation results presented in this thesis show that by employing pre-processing detection schemes, the complexity of the proposed SD can be significantly reduced, though at marginal performance penalty. The second contribution is the determination of the initial sphere radius in Chapter 5. The new initial radius proposed in this thesis is based on the variable parameter α which is commonly based on experience and is chosen to ensure that at least a lattice point exists inside the sphere with high probability. Using the variable parameter α, a new noise covariance matrix which incorporates the number of transmit antennas, the energy of the transmitted symbols and the channel matrix is defined. The new covariance matrix is then incorporated into the EMMSE model to generate an improved EMMSE estimate. The EMMSE radius is finally found by computing the distance between the sphere centre and the improved EMMSE estimate. This distance can be fine-tuned by varying the variable parameter α. The beauty of the proposed method is that it reduces the complexity of the preprocessing step of the EMMSE to that of the Zero-Forcing (ZF) detector without significant performance degradation of the SD, particularly at low Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR). More specifically, it will be shown through simulation results that using the EMMSE preprocessing step will substantially improve performance whenever the complexity of the tree search is fixed or upper bounded. The final contribution is the design of the LRAD-MMSE-SIC based SD detection scheme which introduces a trade-off between performance and increased computational complexity in Chapter 6. The Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (LLL) algorithm will be utilised to orthogonalise the channel matrix H to a new near orthogonal channel matrix H ̅.The increased computational complexity introduced by the LLL algorithm will be significantly decreased by employing sorted QR decomposition of the transformed channel H ̅ into a unitary matrix and an upper triangular matrix which retains the property of the channel matrix. The SIC algorithm will ensure that the interference due to dominant signals will be minimised while the LDPC will effectively stop the propagation of errors within the entire system. Through simulations, it will be demonstrated that the proposed detector still approaches the ML performance while requiring much lower complexity compared to the conventional SD.
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Books on the topic "Crystallisation;Hard Sphere Systems"

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A, Mulero, ed. Theory and simulation of hard-sphere fluids and related systems. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Mulero, Ángel, ed. Theory and Simulation of Hard-Sphere Fluids and Related Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78767-9.

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Mulero, Angel. Theory and Simulation of Hard-Sphere Fluids and Related Systems. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2010.

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Roychowdhury, Poulami. Capable Women, Incapable States. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881894.001.0001.

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How do women claim rights against violence in India and with what consequences? By observing how women navigate the Indian criminal justice system, Roychowdhury provides a unique lens on rights negotiations in the world’s largest democracy. She finds that women interact with the law not by following legal procedure or abiding by the rules but by deploying collective threats and doing the work of the state themselves. They do so because law enforcement personnel are incapacitated and unwilling to enforce the law. As a result, rights negotiations do not necessarily lead to more woman-friendly outcomes or better legal enforcement. Instead, they allow some women to make gains outside the law: repossess property and children, negotiate cash settlements, join women’s groups, access paid employment, develop a sense of self-assurance, and become members of the public sphere. Capable Women, Incapable States shows how the Indian criminal justice system governs violence against women not by protecting them from harm but by forcing them to become “capable”: to take the law into their own hands and complete the hard work that incapable and unwilling state officials refuse to complete. Roychowdhury’s book houses implications for how we understand gender inequality and governance not just in India but in large parts of the world where political mobilization for rights confronts negligent and incapacitated criminal justice systems.
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McElroy, Michael B. Energy and Climate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490331.001.0001.

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The climate of our planet is changing at a rate unprecedented in recent human history. The energy absorbed from the sun exceeds what is returned to space. The planet as a whole is gaining energy. The heat content of the ocean is increasing; the surface and atmosphere are warming; mid-latitude glaciers are melting; sea level is rising. The Arctic Ocean is losing its ice cover. None of these assertions are based on theory but on hard scientific fact. Given the science-heavy nature of climate change, debates and discussions have not played as big a role in the public sphere as they should, and instead are relegated to often misinformed political discussions and inaccessible scientific conferences. Michael B. McElroy, an eminent Harvard scholar of environmental studies, combines both his research chops and pedagogical expertise to present a book that will appeal to the lay reader but still be grounded in scientific fact. In Energy and Climate: Vision for the Future, McElroy provides a broad and comprehensive introduction to the issue of energy and climate change intended to be accessible for the general reader. The book includes chapters on energy basics, a discussion of the contemporary energy systems of the US and China, and two chapters that engage the debate regarding climate change. The perspective is global but with a specific focus on the US and China recognizing the critical role these countries must play in addressing the challenge of global climate change. The book concludes with a discussion of initiatives now underway to at least reduce the rate of increase of greenhouse gas emissions, together with a vision for a low carbon energy future that could in principle minimize the long-term impact of energy systems on global climate.
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Book chapters on the topic "Crystallisation;Hard Sphere Systems"

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Baus, M. "The Freezing of Charged and Uncharged Hard-Sphere Systems." In Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics, 305–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1891-0_29.

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Caillol, J. M., D. Levesque, and J. J. Weis. "A Monte Carlo Finite Size Scaling Study of Charged Hard Sphere Criticality." In Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems, 713–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47086-1_135.

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López de Haro, M., S. B. Yuste, and A. Santos. "Alternative Approaches to the Equilibrium Properties of Hard-Sphere Liquids." In Theory and Simulation of Hard-Sphere Fluids and Related Systems, 183–245. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78767-9_6.

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Verberg, R., I. M. Schepper, and E. G. D. Cohen. "Viscosity and Diffusion of Concentrated Hard-Sphere-Like Colloidal Suspensions." In Dynamics: Models and Kinetic Methods for Non-equilibrium Many Body Systems, 39–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4365-3_4.

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Tanemura, Masaharu. "On the Stereology of the Radial Distribution Function of Hard-sphere Systems." In Science on Form, 157–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3757-4_21.

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Studer, Christoph, Markus Wenk, and Andreas Burg. "VLSI Implementation of Hard- and Soft-Output Sphere Decoding for Wide-Band MIMO Systems." In VLSI-SoC: Forward-Looking Trends in IC and Systems Design, 128–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28566-0_6.

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"Enskog Theory: Dense Hard-Sphere Systems." In Contemporary Kinetic Theory of Matter, 255–316. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781139025942.008.

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Santos, Andrés. "Playing with Marbles: Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Hard-Sphere Systems." In 5th Warsaw School of Statistical Physics. Warsaw University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323517399.pp.203-298.

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Taylor-Guthartz, Lindsey. "The View from the Ladies’ Gallery: Women’s ‘Official’ Life in the Community." In Challenge and Conformity, 69–122. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941718.003.0004.

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This chapter documents and analyses women's activity in and experience of formal public worship in the synagogue. The synagogue is central to the performance of male religious obligations, but much less so to the performance of women's religious duties. Many observant women rarely attend synagogue, even if their fathers, husbands, brothers, and sons go every week. Women have mixed feelings about synagogue attendance. Some find it essential to their experience of the sabbath, and some are resigned to their synagogue experience. Women traditionally play no or very little role in life-cycle celebrations. At some synagogues, women's participation is actively discouraged. Women held formal titles in the synagogues of ancient Rome, but there are no further instances of this until the twentieth century. Most Orthodox women emerge from the Jewish educational systems with little competence in reading Hebrew or in studying classical texts. Women find it hard to place acquired knowledge in a wider context, and tend to describe themselves as 'not very learned', ignoring their often immense expertise in areas of domestic knowledge, such as the running of a Jewish household. Women's lack of confidence, text-based knowledge, and training has prevented them from becoming Jewish educators. This survey of women's activity and experience in the 'official' communal sphere clearly illustrates the different attitudes and strategies of the three groups identifiable in the London Jewish community: Haredi, Modern Orthodox, and traditionalist.
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Margolus, Norman H. "Universal Cellular Automata Based on the Collisions of Soft Spheres." In New Constructions in Cellular Automata. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195137170.003.0013.

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Fredkin’s Billiard Ball Model (BBM) is a continuous classical mechanical model of computation based on the elastic collisions of identical finite-diameter hard spheres. When the BBM is initialized appropriately, the sequence of states that appear at successive integer time steps is equivalent to a discrete digital dynamics. Here we discuss some models of computation that are based on the elastic collisions of identical finite-diameter soft spheres: spheres which are very compressible and hence take an appreciable amount of time to bounce off each other. Because of this extended impact period, these Soft Sphere Models (SSMs) correspond directly to simple lattice gas automata—unlike the fast-impact BBM. Successive time steps of an SSM lattice gas dynamics can be viewed as integer-time snapshots of a continuous physical dynamics with a finite-range soft-potential interaction. We present both two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of universal CAs of this type, and then discuss spatially efficient computation using momentum conserving versions of these models (i.e., without fixed mirrors). Finally, we discuss the interpretation of these models as relativistic and as semiclassical systems, and extensions of these models motivated by these interpretations. Cellular automata (CA) are spatial computations. They imitate the locality and uniformity of physical law in a stylized digital format. The finiteness of the information density and processing rate in a CA dynamics is also physically realistic. These connections with physics have been exploited to construct CA models of spatial processes in Nature and to explore artificial “toy” universes. The discrete and uniform spatial structure of CA computations also makes it possible to “crystallize” them into efficient hardware [17, 21]. Here we will focus on CAs as realistic spatial models of ordinary (nonquantum- coherent) computation. As Fredkin and Banks pointed out [2], we can demonstrate the computing capability of a CA dynamics by showing that certain patterns of bits act like logic gates, like signals, and like wires, and that we can put these pieces together into an initial state that, under the dynamics, exactly simulates the logic circuitry of an ordinary computer.
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Conference papers on the topic "Crystallisation;Hard Sphere Systems"

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Richard, Patrick, Annie Gervois, Luc Oger, and Jean-Paul Troadec. "Crystallization in hard sphere systems: A structural analysis." In PHYSICS OF GLASSES. ASCE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1301469.

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Götze, W., and M. R. Mayr. "The dynamics of a hard sphere moving in a hard-sphere system near the liquid-glass transition point." In The 8th tohwa university international symposium on slow dynamics in complex systems. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58524.

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Klumov, B. A., S. A. Khrapak, G. E. Morfill, Vladimir Yu Nosenko, Padma K. Shukla, Markus H. Thoma, and Hubertus M. Thomas. "Structural properties of dense hard sphere systems near random close packing." In DUSTY∕COMPLEX PLASMAS: BASIC AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: Sixth International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3659883.

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Kim, Kang. "Glass transition of hard sphere systems-Molecular dynamics and density functional approaches." In SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: 3rd International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1764272.

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Tokuyama, M. "Universal Features of Collective Interactions in Hard-Sphere Systems at Higher Volume Fractions." In SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: 3rd International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1764053.

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Tokuyama, M., Y. Enomoto, and I. Oppenheim. "Slow dynamics of concentrated hard-sphere suspensions: Spatial heterogeneities and density fluctuations." In The 8th tohwa university international symposium on slow dynamics in complex systems. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58492.

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Härtl, W., Ch Beck, and R. Hempelmann. "Hydrodynamic interactions of colloidal systems with a hard-sphere and Yukawa interaction potential." In The 8th tohwa university international symposium on slow dynamics in complex systems. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58526.

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Shimura, Tsutomu. "Computer Simulations of Two Kinds of Polydisperse Hard-Sphere Systems; Atomic Systems and Colloidal Suspensions." In SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: 3rd International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1764106.

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Megías, Alberto, and Andrés Santos. "Energy production rates of multicomponent granular gases of rough particles. A unified view of hard-disk and hard-sphere systems." In 31ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS: RGD31. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5119584.

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Mandal, Suvendu, Markus Gross, Dierk Raabe, and Fathollah Varnik. "Flow heterogeneity and correlations in a sheared hard sphere glass: Insight from computer simulations." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: Keep Going Tohoku. American Institute of Physics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794578.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Crystallisation;Hard Sphere Systems' for particular source types:
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