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Academic literature on the topic 'Crystallinity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Crystallinity"

1

Zhang, Weiwei, Linjiang Chen, Sheng Dai, Chengxi Zhao, Cheng Ma, Lei Wei, Minghui Zhu, et al. "Reconstructed covalent organic frameworks." Nature 604, no. 7904 (April 6, 2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04443-4.

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AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are distinguished from other organic polymers by their crystallinity1–3, but it remains challenging to obtain robust, highly crystalline COFs because the framework-forming reactions are poorly reversible4,5. More reversible chemistry can improve crystallinity6–9, but this typically yields COFs with poor physicochemical stability and limited application scope5. Here we report a general and scalable protocol to prepare robust, highly crystalline imine COFs, based on an unexpected framework reconstruction. In contrast to standard approaches in which monomers are initially randomly aligned, our method involves the pre-organization of monomers using a reversible and removable covalent tether, followed by confined polymerization. This reconstruction route produces reconstructed COFs with greatly enhanced crystallinity and much higher porosity by means of a simple vacuum-free synthetic procedure. The increased crystallinity in the reconstructed COFs improves charge carrier transport, leading to sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates of up to 27.98 mmol h−1 g−1. This nanoconfinement-assisted reconstruction strategy is a step towards programming function in organic materials through atomistic structural control.

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Kübler, Bernard, and Michel Jaboyedoff. "Illite crystallinity." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 331, no. 2 (July 2000): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(00)01395-1.

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Duta, Anca, and I. Kadas-Iluna. "Polyvinyl Alcohol Crystallinity." Materials Science Forum 133-136 (January 1993): 951–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.133-136.951.

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Jaboyedoff, M. "Illite “Crystallinity” Revisited." Clays and Clay Minerals 49, no. 2 (2001): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.2001.0490205.

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Zhang, Xiao Xun, Luo Wang, and Qiu Hui Liao. "Experimental Study on the Crystallinity and Mechanical Properties of the Injection Molded Polypropylene." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2809.

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Polypropylene specimens were made by the injection molding experiments under different processing conditions. The crystallinity of each polypropylene specimen was obtained using the X-ray diffraction method. The effects of the injection molding processes on the crystallinity of polypropylene were revealed: (1) the crystallinity decreases as the melt temperature increases, and the higher the melt temperature, the slower the crystallinity decreases, (2) the crystallinity decreases as the mould temperature increases, and the higher the mould temperature, the faster the crystallinity decreases, (3) the crystallinity increases as the injection speed increases, and the larger the injection speed, the faster the crystallinity increases. By the tensile experiments of the injection molded specimens, it is also found that the crystallinity has a major impact on the mechanical properties of polypropylene. The yield strength and tensile strength of polypropylene specimens increase as the crystallinity increases.

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Kosa, Tamas, Ludmila Sukhomlinova, Linli Su, Bahman Taheri, Timothy J. White, and Timothy J. Bunning. "Light-induced liquid crystallinity." Nature 485, no. 7398 (May 2012): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11122.

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van Soest, Jeroen J. G., S. H. D. Hulleman, D. de Wit, and J. F. G. Vliegenthart. "Crystallinity in starch bioplastics." Industrial Crops and Products 5, no. 1 (March 1996): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-6690(95)00048-8.

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Duta, Anca, R. Tica, Dana Perniu, and B. Cismas. "Poly (Vinyl Butyral) Crystallinity." Materials Science Forum 228-231 (July 1996): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.228-231.889.

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Yu, Sze-Man, and Stefan Mecking. "Variable Crystallinity Polyethylene Nanoparticles." Macromolecules 42, no. 11 (June 9, 2009): 3669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma9003665.

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Löwen, Hartmut, and Thomas Beier. "Crystallinity in liquid films." Physical Review B 41, no. 7 (March 1, 1990): 4435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.4435.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crystallinity"

1

Santos, Flavio Bezerra dos. "Molecular structure and liquid crystallinity." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243176.

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Perry, Christopher Cecil. "Orientation and crystallinity of bifunctional adsorbates." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366426.

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Murphy, Lindsay Adams. "Morphological investigation of AFR-PEPA-N imide oligomers and their cured polyimides and the remodification of AFR-PEPA-N to achieve liquid-crystalline behavior." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1174.

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The morphological investigation of AFR-PEPA-N and the development of a new polyimide have been established herein. AFR-PEPA-N is an imide oligomer that was created out of the need to attain a high temperature polyimide that is also resistant to hygrothermal and thermooxidative degradation. Previously, AFR700B was implemented in aerospace applications, but it was found to be hygrothermally unstable. It experienced a severe drop in its glass transition temperature and composite blistering. AFR700B was improved upon, by altering the chemical structure of the polyimide. The nadic end-cap was removed and replaced by a more hydrolytically stable end-cap. However this phenylethynyl-terminated end-group could possibly create semi-crystallinity or liquid-crystalline characteristics within the polymer. Previous research suggests further study of the relationships between AFR-PEPA-N's oligomer crystallinity and the properties of phenylethynyl-terminated polyimides. This understanding is valuable in processing AFR-PEPA-N by resin transfer molding (RTM) to obtain its optimum properties. The investigation included the identification of a processing window, temperature overlap between the melting of residual crystals and crosslinking reactions, and liquid crystallinity behavior. These reactions were investigated primarily through birefringence. The residual crystals were found to be innate in the oligomer powder and not created by preliminary thermal processing. Therefore a reasonable processing window was found based upon the reduction of crystal size by appropriate dissolution techniques. Possible nematic liquid-crystalline characteristics were found to be present at 360oC. A new imide oligomer, which was based upon AFR-PEPA-N's original structure, was synthesized. The non-linear, flourinated backbone of AFR-PEPA-N was replaced with a co-linear backbone, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). These modifications were made in hopes to improve upon the network structure by it becoming more regular and resistance to nano-sized defects in the final crosslinked structure. The initial characterization found that the new polyimide, AFR-P3, displayed a cure temperature at 350oC. The degree of cure reaches about 80 to 90 percent complete based upon the consumption of the carbon-triple bond. AFR-P3 did not show signs of liquid-crystalline behavior. However, there will be future work in creating a more rigid-rod, self-assembling oligomer that can attain optimum thermal and mechanical properties.

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Lehnert, Ralph Juergen. "Studies on the crystallinity of poly(tetrafluoroethylene)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241181.

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Breeson, Andrew. "Control of crystallinity in photocatalytic titanium dioxide." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10037914/.

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Powders and thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) were synthesised via wet chemical methods in two ways: a sol-gel synthesis, and a liquid phase deposition. Crystalline mixed phase powders, highly oriented films, and non-crystalline films of titanium dioxide have all been investigated. Specifically this investigation revealed dramatic differences in the XPS valance band spectra of the crystalline polymorphs of anatase and rutile, and subsequently a novel procedure for extracting quantitative phase information from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy valence band spectra was developed. A linear relationship between the mixed phase TiO2 surface structure determined by this novel technique, and the ensuing photocatalytic activities were discovered. Additionally, highly oriented thin films of TiO2 were synthesised on single crystal substrates. Nitrogen doping of the films was achieved in two ways, and the distribution of the dopant within the films was revealed to be dramatically different for each method. Furthermore, N doping induced a phase transformation from highly aligned rutile to polycrystalline anatase. This result of a rutile to anatase transition at high temperature and not been observed previously. As before, these results were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy valance band analysis. Lastly, non-crystalline, unaligned films of TiO2 on glass substrates were synthesised. The film structure was revealed to be porous, and successively exhibited superhydrophilic abilities without ultraviolet light irradiation. Further investigation via X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques revealed the films to have anatase-like short range order with a significant tetrahedral titania component. The films were also shown to be highly photocatalytically active. Powders and thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) were synthesised via wet chemical methods in two ways: a sol-gel synthesis, and a liquid phase deposition. Crystalline mixed phase powders, highly oriented films, and non-crystalline films of titanium dioxide have all been investigated. Specifically this investigation revealed dramatic differences in the XPS valance band spectra of the crystalline polymorphs of anatase and rutile, and subsequently a novel procedure for extracting quantitative phase information from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy valence band spectra was developed. A linear relationship between the mixed phase TiO2 surface structure determined by this novel technique, and the ensuing photocatalytic activities were discovered. Additionally, highly oriented thin films of TiO2 were synthesised on single crystal substrates. Nitrogen doping of the films was achieved in two ways, and the distribution of the dopant within the films was revealed to be dramatically different for each method. Furthermore, N doping induced a phase transformation from highly aligned rutile to polycrystalline anatase. This result of a rutile to anatase transition at high temperature and not been observed previously. As before, these results were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy valance band analysis. Lastly, non-crystalline, unaligned films of TiO2 on glass substrates were synthesised. The film structure was revealed to be porous, and successively exhibited superhydrophilic abilities without ultraviolet light irradiation. Further investigation via X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques revealed the films to have anatase-like short range order with a significant tetrahedral titania component. The films were also shown to be highly photocatalytically active.

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Fletcher, Ian David. "Liquid crystallinity and the role of molecular flexibility." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239472.

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Ismail, Yob Saed Bin. "Structure/property relationships associated with woven glass fibres reinforced polypropylene composites." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11902.

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The objective of this work was to examine the effect of thermal history during cooling from the melt on the degree of crystallinity, morphology and as well as the relationship between morphology/thermal history and mechanical properties of a 60:40 weight % mixture of woven glass fibres/PP composites. Mechanical properties studied include low velocity falling weight impact strength, flexural properties (modulus and strength) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). However the main focus was low velocity impact strength. The composite laminates were manufactured within a flat mould using a compression moulding press. Three thermal treatments were employed: isothermal crystallization from the melt in the range 106 to 156°C for 10, 30, 60 and 240 minutes in an oven; non-isothermal crystallization from the melt at rates varying from 0.67°C/Min. to 62.4°C/Min; and quenching from 190°C to rzooc and then annealing at 155, 160 and 165°C for one hour. The degree of crystallinity developed in the matrix polymer was determine using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the matrix morphology was examined by reflected light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM was used for quenched and annealed specimens.

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Zakrevskyy, Yuriy. "Liquid crystallinity and alignment of ionic self-assembly complexes." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982215908.

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Suryanarayanan, Rajagopalan. "Studies on the crystallinity and phase transitions of calcium gluceptate." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25978.

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Calcium gluceptate (calcium ɑ-glucoheptonate, CaC₁₄,H₂₆O₁₆) occurs as a crystalline hydrate (I) containing 3 1/2 molecules of water of crystallization per atom of calcium or as an amorphous anhydrate(III). Calcium gluceptate was synthesised commercially as III until 1980 but since then only I has been commercially available. The maximum aqueous solubility of III at room temperature was found to be > 2 molal while the equilibrium solubility of I at 25.5°C was 0.06 molal (≃3.3% w/v). A crystalline anhydrate (II) wtiich had an apparent water solubility of 1.3 molal was prepared from I by dehydration. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) injection is an aqueous solution containing 20.8 to 23.3% w/v CaC₁₄H₂₆O₁₆ which is greater than the equilibrium solubility. Solutions prepared using II or III were supersaturated with respect to I and crystallized on storage. Pharmaceutically stable solutions could be prepared from II by autoclaving the solutions at 121°C for 20 minutes immediately after preparation which presumably destroyed seed crystals of I. When stored at relative humidities (RH) greater than 66% at 25°C, II was converted into I and the reverse process occurred at 0% RH. Above 0% and below 66% RH neither I nor II underwent a phase transition during one year of storage. The co-existence of I and II over a range of RH would be contrary to the phase rule. It is suggested that at RH less than 66%, the adsorption of a small amount of. atmospheric water vapor inhibits the II to I transition probably due to the formation of a surface layer of I which limits further diffusion of water. In addition to the phase transformations in aqueous solution and the dehydration and rehydration reactions, the effects of freeze drying and grinding on the interconvertibility of I, II and III were studied. On grinding II for increasing times, there were marked increases in apparent water solubility, decreases in the intensity of x-ray diffraction peaks, and heats of solution changed from endothermic to exothermic. The results were attributed to decreases in crystallinity, since surface area measurements showed that they could not be due to particle size reduction. Density is independent of particle size, and values obtained for II using a liquid suspension method changed progressively with grinding. The x-ray diffraction, calorimetric and density measurements were used both to quantify the degree of crystallinity of II and to test various models of crystallinity. According to the USP, solids are crystalline, non-crystalline (amorphous) or a mixture of the two. The degree of crystallinity depends on the fraction of crystalline material in the mixture (two-state model). An alternative concept is that the degree of crystallinity has a value between 100% (perfect crystal) and 0% (amorphous) depending on the state of order/disorder in the lattice (one-state model). It was concluded that grinding decreases the crystallinity of II by increasing lattice disorder according to the one-state model.
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Kang, Chin-Shuo. "CONTROL OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOFIBER CRYSTALLINITY, PARTICLE SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron161960479044817.

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Books on the topic "Crystallinity"

1

De Rosa, Claudio, and Finizia Auriemma, eds. Crystals and Crystallinity in Polymers. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118690444.

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2

Mumbru, J. Crystallinity topics in the synthetic fibres. Guimaraes: Universidade do Minho, 1992.

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3

A, Ciferri, ed. Liquid crystallinity in polymers: Principles and fundamental properties. New York: VCH Publishers, 1991.

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4

Campbell, Carl. The crystallinity of uniform triblock oxyethylene/alkylene/oxyethylene (EmCnEm) oligomers. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1993.

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5

Center, Langley Research, ed. Crystallinity determination by curvefit procedure for a semi-crystalline polymer. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1985.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Compositional variation in Apollo 16 impact-melt breccias and inferences for the geology and bombardment history of the central highlands of the moon. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Compositional variation in Apollo 16 impact-melt breccias and inferences for the geology and bombardment history of the central highlands of the moon. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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8

H, Strong Robert, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Vitrinite reflectance and illite crystallinity, Cambria slab and Franciscan complex, central California coast. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.

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A, Rushing R., Thornton C. P, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Interim report on chemical and thermal analysis. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Electro-optically active monomers: Synthesis and characterization of thin films of liquid crystalline substituted polyacetylenes. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crystallinity"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Crystallinity." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 185. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3154.

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Swallowe, G. M. "Crystallinity." In Polymer Science and Technology Series, 34–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9231-4_10.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Degree of Crystallinity." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 199. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3379.

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John, Vernon. "Glasses and Partial Crystallinity." In Introduction to Engineering Materials, 73–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21976-6_6.

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Brostow, Witold. "An Introduction to Liquid Crystallinity." In Liquid Crystal Polymers: From Structures to Applications, 1–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1870-5_1.

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Fowler, A. D. "Mineral Crystallinity in Igneous Rocks." In Fractals in the Earth Sciences, 237–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1397-5_12.

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Sozzani, P., A. Comotti, and R. Simonutti. "Nmr and Crystallinity of Nanostructured Materials." In Crystal Engineering: From Molecules and Crystals to Materials, 443–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4505-3_25.

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Santmartí, Alba, and Koon-Yang Lee. "Crystallinity and Thermal Stability of Nanocellulose." In Nanocellulose and Sustainability, 67–86. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018] | Series: Sustainability contributions through science and technology: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351262927-5.

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Crompton, T. R. "Degree of Crystallinity and Melting Temperature." In Practical Polymer Analysis, 630–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2874-6_13.

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Brazovskii, S., and N. Kirova. "Solitons, Twistons and Crystallinity on Conducting Polymers." In Electronic Properties of Polymers, 43–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84705-9_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crystallinity"

1

Luo, Hui. "Imaging Polymer Crystallinity with STEM." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.340.

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Nakauchi, Genta, Shota Akasaki, and Hideo Miura. "Microtexture Dependence of Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Gold Thin Films Used for Micro Bumps of 3D Stacking Structures." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23441.

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Abstract The variation of their crystallinity, in other words, the order of atom arrangement of grain boundaries in electroplated gold thin films was investigated by changing their manufacturing conditions. Then, the effect of the crystallinity on both their mechanical and electrical properties was measured by using nano-indentation test and electromigration test. The crystallinity of the gold thin films was varied by changing the under-layer material used for electroplating. Also, the micro texture of gold thin films was evaluated by EBSD (Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). It was clarified that the crystallinity of the electroplated gold thin films changed drastically depending on the crystallinity of the under-layer materials and electroplating conditions such as current density and temperature. This variation of the crystallinity should have caused wide variation of mechanical properties of the films. In addition, their mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus and hardness showed wide variation by about 3 times comparing with those of bulk gold. Similarly, the EM resistance of the electroplated gold bumps varied drastically depending on the ratio of porous grain boundaries and their crystallinity. Both the ratio and crystallinity also varied depending on the crystallinity of the under layer and electroplating conditions. The effective lifetime of the gold bumps was successfully predicted by considering both the crystallinity and residual stress of fine gold bumps. The lifetime varied more than 10 times as a strong function of the crystallinity of grain boundaries in the fine bumps. Therefore, it is very important to control the crystallinity of the under-layer for electroplating in order to control the distribution of the mechanical properties and reliability of the electroplated gold thin films.

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Alzahrani, Faisal J., Alaauldeen A. Duhduh, Peng Gao, and John P. Coulter. "The Influence of Cooling Rate and Mold Temperature on Polymers Crystallization Kinetics in Injection Molding." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73665.

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Abstract Crystallinity plays a significant role in determining the quality of molded polymeric products. Higher crystallinity yields higher impact strength, while lower crystallinity yields higher water absorption and faster degradation. Therefore, the crystallinity level within a product should be tuned based on the desired outcome. The degree of crystallinity is determined by the crystallization rate, which is influenced by many processing factors such as cooling rate and mold temperature in injection molding. Moreover, there is not much research conducted to numerically investigate crystal size that develops locally in injection molded products and its relation to cooling rate and mold temperature. In this regard, the cooling rate and mold temperature influence in injection molding is investigated numerically to understand their local effect on crystallization rate and crystal size. Cooling rate and mold temperature were found to play a significant role in influencing crystallization kinetics and crystal size. Moreover, crystallinity was found to vary within one product based on the design and the distance between the investigated sample and the gate. The minor crystallinity point was found to be near the gate, and the largest crystal size was found to be at the furthest point away from the gate.

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Akasaki, Shota, and Hideo Miura. "Crystallinity-Induced Acceleration of Intergranular Cracking in Thin-Film Interconnections Under High Current Density." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70222.

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Abstract The degradation process of the crystallinity of grain boundaries in thin-film interconnections was visualized by applying EBSD analysis under high current density. The grain boundary diffusion was accelerated by electromigration only along random grain boundaries with low crystallinity. The crystallinity (IQ value obtained from EBSD analysis) of grain boundaries varied drastically depending on manufacturing process such as temperature, gas pressure, substrate material, and so on. The effective activation energy of self-diffusion of component element was dominated by the crystallinity of random grain boundaries. The measured value obtained from the low-crystallinity interconnections was much lower than that obtained from the thermodynamically stable bulk material, and therefore, the lifetime of intergranular cracking decreased to one hundredth in the worst case.

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Murata, Naokazu, Ken Suzuki, and Hideo Miura. "Quantitative Evaluation of the Crystallinity of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Materials." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87426.

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The effect of the crystllinity of electroplated copper thin films on their mechanical and electrical reliability was investigated experimentally. The crystallinity of grains and grain boundaries was evaluated by IQ (Image Quality) value of EBSD (Electron Back-Scattering Diffraction) analysis. Mechanical properties of thin electroplated films were measured by tensile test. The crystallinity of the thin film was improved by annealing. Therefore, yield stress decrease and fracture strain increase with increase of annealing temperature. Thin film interconnections for measurement of electrical properties were prepared based on damascene process. The crystallinity of the interconnection without annealing was low. The crystallinity of interconnection was improved by annealing at 400°C for 30minutes. Though the EM (Electro-Migration) resistance of the annealed film was improved drastically, SM (Stress-induced Migration) was activated even though interconnection was kept at room temperature without any application of electrical current after annealing. This is because high residual stress was caused by shrinkage of electroplated copper due to change of crystallinity. Thus the control of the crystallinity of the electroplated film was very important to improve the reliability of the interconnection.

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Armas Alvarado, Maria, Daniel O. Carvalho, Ines Pereyra, and Marco Alayo Chávez. "INFLUENCE OF ALN CRYSTALLINITY ON SAP WAVEGUIDES." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2016.ltu4a.28.

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Donderwinkel, T. G., B. Rietman, S. P. Haanappel, and R. Akkerman. "Stamp forming optimization for formability and crystallinity." In ESAFORM 2016: Proceedings of the 19th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4963585.

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Shofner, Meisha L., Jasmeet Kaur, and Ji Hoon Lee. "Effect of Matrix Crystallinity on Nanocomposite Properties." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11883.

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The properties of two nanocomposite systems with semi-crystalline matrices were reported. Differences in achievable dispersion and thermomechanical properties were related to the matrix crystallinity. A lesser amount of matrix crystallinity aided in dispersion and led to greater mechanical reinforcement at temperatures above the glass transition.

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9

Rabiej, Stanislaw, Ryszard Kwiatkowski, and Andrzej Wlochowicz. "Determination of the crystallinity of polymer blends." In X-Ray Investigations of Polymer Structures, edited by Andrzej Wlochowicz, Jaroslaw Janicki, and Czeslaw Slusarczyk. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.267185.

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Chang, Shih-Chia, and John Edens. "Growth and crystallinity of electroformed nickel structures." In Micromachining and Microfabrication, edited by Shih-Chia Chang and Stella W. Pang. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.284470.

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Reports on the topic "Crystallinity"

1

Simon, Jonathan. Dynamics of Emergent Crystallinity in Photonic Quantum Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1545250.

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2

Andrews, M. K. Effect of MST on Crystallinity of CST/Sludge Glasses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/4960.

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3

Riley, Brian J., Jose A. Rosario, and Pavel R. Hrma. Impact of HLW Glass Crystallinity on the PCT Response. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15001115.

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4

Van Bosse, J. Y., I. M. Samson, and A. E. Williams-Jones. Illite Crystallinity Studies Around the Roberts Metal Deposit, eastern Townships, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120701.

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5

Samson, I. M., and A. E. Williams-Jones. Illite Crystallinity Studies in the Gaspe-Connecticut Valley Synclinorium Around Barnston, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120387.

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6

Orme, Chris A. Progress Summary: Developing experimental methods to quantify the degree of crystallinity in fluoropolymer binders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1476198.

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7

Zhou, Hongcai, and Simon Billinge. Studies of Reactive Amorphous Compounds and Surfaces: Their Pathways to Crystallinity and Surface Functionality. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2000808.

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8

Brinkman, Kyle, Elise Fox, Paul Korinko, and Thad Adams. STRUCTURAL INTERACTIONS OF HYDROGEN WITH BULK AMORPHOUS MICROSTRUCTURES IN METALLIC SYSTEMS UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF PARTIAL CRYSTALLINITY ON PERMEATION AND EMBRITTLEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/979406.

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9

Spruiell, J. E. A REVIEW OF THE MEASUREMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF CRYSTALLINITY AND ITS RELATION TO PROPERTIES IN NEAT POLY(PHENYLENE SULFIDE) AND ITS FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885940.

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10

Barnes, Eftihia, Jennifer Jefcoat, Erik Alberts, Hannah Peel, L. Mimum, J, Buchanan, Xin Guan, et al. Synthesis and characterization of biological nanomaterial/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42132.

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The properties of composite materials are strongly influenced by both the physical and chemical properties of their individual constituents, as well as the interactions between them. For nanocomposites, the incorporation of nano-sized dopants inside a host material matrix can lead to significant improvements in mechanical strength, toughness, thermal or electrical conductivity, etc. In this work, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils on the structure and mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibril poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films was investigated. Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic polymers with superior mechanical properties and readily functionalized surfaces. Under the current processing conditions, cellulose nanofibrils, as-received and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidized, alter the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the composite films while not inducing a crystalline phase transformation on the 𝛾 phase PVDF composites. Composite films obtained from hydrated cellulose nanofibrils remain in a majority 𝛾 phase, but also exhibit a small, yet detectable fraction of 𝛼 and ß PVDF phases.

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