Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crystallines

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Crystallines'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Crystallines"

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Hou, Zhao Xia, Zhao Lu Xue, Shao Hong Wang, Xiao Dan Hu, Hao Ran Lu, Chang Lei Niu, Hao Wang, Cai Wang, and Yin Zhou. "Transparent Oxyfluoride Glass-Ceramics Containing CaF2 Nano-Crystalline Phase." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 1015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1015.

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Transparent oxyfluoride tellurite glass with the composition of TeO2-SiO2-AlF3-CaO-KF system were prepared by conventional melting and annealing technique, and the transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics containing CaF2 nano-crystallines were obtained by controlled heat-treatment. The effect of heat-treatment schedules on the crystallization behavior and the microstructure of the glass-ceramics were analyzed by differential scanning caborimetry (DSC) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, infrared (IR) spectrum and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sole CaF2 crystalline phase was confirmed by XRD, the spherical CaF2 nano-crystallines at about 20~100nm embed homogeneously among the glassy matrix after crystallization by SEM observation. The size of CaF2 grains grew with the increase of crystallization temperature and holding time. Te and Si atoms existed in [TeO3] and [SiO4] forms. Part of Al atoms existed in the form of [AlO4] and formed network together with [SiO4] tetrahedron. The other Al atoms acted as modifiers in the form of [AlO6]. The transmittance of glass-ceramics can reach 85% in visible light and 90% in infrared waveband. The novel transparent oxyfluoride tellurite glass-ceramics are excellent matrix materials in up-conversion luminescence field.
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Zhang, Xin, Yi Wen Hu, Yin Wu, and Wen Jie Si. "Crystal Phase Formation and Mechanical Properties of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restoration." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.447.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the crystal phase formation behavior and its influence on the mechanical properties of LiO2-SiO2-P2O5 glass-ceramics system. High temperature XRD was used to analyze the crystal phase formation in situ. The crystalline phases in the material both before and after heat-treatment were also analyzed. The flexural strength was measured by three-point bending test according to ISO 6872:2008(E). The SEM analysis showed that the high strength of the glass-ceramics is attributed to the continuous interlocking microstructure with fine lithium disilicate crystallines.
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Kim, Jang Soon, Ok Hyoung Lee, and Yun Soo Lim. "AFM Studies on the Effect of Crystalline Interphase on Adhesion of Polyurethane Thin Film to Al Substrate." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.65.

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Polyurethanes crystallized at the aluminum surface, but the crystalline interphase varied with polyol OH number. Early stage of spherulite formation was characterized using AFM after removing amorphous polyurethane. The crystallite shapes of polyurethanes were correlated with the bond strength measured from indentation debonding. Interestingly, the samples involving non-specific shape of crystallites displayed high bond strength, while the polyurethanes with rod-like crystallite poorly adhered to aluminum substrate. Although crystallite shape did not unequivocally relate to bond strength, the results propose that there is a probable correlation.
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Zhu, Tao, Meng Nan Chong, and Eng Seng Chan. "Size-Dependent Photoelectrochemical Properties of Nanostructured WO3 Thin Films Synthesized via Electrodeposition Method." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.269.

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The main aim of this study was to investigate size-dependent effect on the photoelectrochemical properties of nanostructured tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films synthesized via electrochemical method. Firstly, the nanostructured WO3 thin films of different crystalline sizes were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass working electrodes followed by controlled annealing treatment at temperature of 100-600°C. The resultant nanostructured WO3 thin films were further characterized using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photocurrent density measurements. Through FE-SEM analysis, it was found that the WO3 crystalline size increases with increasing annealing temperature that resulted in elevated photocurrent per unit area of the synthesized nanostructured WO3 thin films. Finally, it was observed that the highest photocurrent density of up to 35μA/cm2 was attained for WO3 crystallines size of 86nm that formed at the annealing temperature of 600°C.
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Singh, V. K., and P. S. Saklani. "Metamorphic and geodynamic evolution of the Central Crystallines of the Garhwal Himalaya, India." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 199, no. 1 (December 2, 1996): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/199/1996/89.

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Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn, Chung-Kai Chang, Yu-Chun Chuang, Wei-Tsung Chuang, Chun-Yu Chen, Sean Blamires, Chen-Pan Liao, and I.-Min Tso. "Nutrient and Wind Effects on Dragline Properties: Perspectives from WAXS & SAXS." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408677x.

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Spider dragline silk is one of the strongest nature fibers and some of their features are even better than those of the best synthetic fibers. Understanding the mechanisms inducing silk variability may have implications for biomimetics and the synthesis of environmentally responsive materials. Dragline silk contains both elasticity (amorphous) and crystalline regions. Our previous studies had demonstrated that spiders might vary the protein composition and thus physical properties of silks when experiencing food with different nutrient level. In this study we fed Nephila pilipes with high, low and no protein foods and collected their dragline silks for synchrotron Radiation (SR) wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) examinations. The WAXS data showed a significant difference in crystalline fractions of dragline silks produced by N. pilipes experiencing different food treatments. In addition, the orientation of crystallines also varied considerably among silks produced by spiders in three treatment groups. The SAXS data, obtained with the beam incident along and perpendicular to the fiber axis revealed a mesostructure comprising nano crystallites (beta sheets) stack spirally along the spider fibril axis. Such results indicate that spiders experiencing different nutrient stress level might produce dragline silks of different physical properties due to variations in crystalline density, orientation and the meso-phase structures in nano scale. Furthermore, varying environmental wind strength leads to changes in tensile mechanics of spider dragline silk hence produced. Exposing the spider Cyclosa mulmeinensis to controlled stress from constant airflow, we found correlated changes in (i) amino acid composition, (ii) tensile mechanics and (iii) crystallinity, of the dragline silk; which results suggest that protein variation and/or post secretion crystalline variations are associated with the mechanical properties of the spider silks.
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Et al., Jassim. "Synthesis, Characteristics and Study the Photoluminscience of the CdSxSe1-x Nanocrystaline Thin Film." Baghdad Science Journal 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 0116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.1.0116.

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The present work focuses on the changing of the structural characteristics of the grown materials through different material characterization methods. Semiconductor CdSxSe 1-x nano crystallines have been synthesized by chemical vapor depostion. (X- ray Diffraction; XRD), (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy; FESEM), measured the characterization of Semiconductor CdSxSe1-x nano crystallines. The optical properties of semiconductor CdSxSe1-x nanocrystallines have been studied by the photoluminescence (PL) (He-Cd pulsed ultraviolet laser at 325nm excitation wavelength) at room temperature. The results showed the change rule of photoluminsence peak at different S/Se ratios according to the photoluminsence spectral analysis technology. The photuminscence peak can be continuously modulated between (500- 650) nm, so the tunable emission of the materials in the present work have novle applications in the area of bioscience and spectroscopy, etc.
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Shen, Guozhen, Di Chen, Kaibin Tang, Liying Huang, Yitai Qian, and Guien Zhou. "Novel polyol route to nanoscale tin sulfides flaky crystallines." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 6, no. 2 (February 2003): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-7003(02)00716-5.

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George, Ashley R., Patricia A. Schofield, and Kenneth D. M. Harris. "Surface Structural Properties of Crystallines-Triazine: A Computational Investigation." Molecular Simulation 15, no. 2 (August 1995): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927029508022331.

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Singh, S. P., V. K. Singh, and P. S. Saklani. "Metamorphic evolution of the Central Crystallines of Higher Himalaya along Dhauliganga valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 206, no. 2 (November 14, 1997): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/206/1997/249.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crystallines"

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Iotov, Mitko. "Ionomers azobenzene crystallines liquides photoactive." Mémoire, [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4688.

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Simpson, Robert Luke. "Metamorphism, melting and extension at the top of the high Himalayan slab, Mount Everest region, Nepal and Tibet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249333.

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Wang, Kai. "Involvement of O-glcnacylation in lens development and cataract formation." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010r/wang.pdf.

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Lau, Richard Yiu-Ting. "Surface segregation of amorphous, semi-crystalline and liquid crystalline polymers /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CENG%202006%20LAUR.

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Nie, Lei. "Liquid crystalline thermosets." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574560.

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Liquid crystalline thennosets (Lt.Ts) are a special class of materials which generated significant interest since they demonstrated the combination of the anisotropic physical properties of the mesophase and the specific properties of thennosets. Among them, the water barrier property of LeTs makes them very promismg materials for the potential applications in electronics and coatings. Liquid crystalline monomer, 4, 4'-diglycidyloxy-a-methylstilbene (DOMS), was synthesized and cured with different crosslinking agents, such as sulphanilamide, diaminodiphenylsulfone, diaminodiphenylmethane, and 2,4-Diaminotoluene. LeTs with different liquid crystalline structures were produced and their structural, dynamic mechanical and permeability properties are characterised. The conventional epoxy monomer, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (BADGE) is also involved in our study and resins formed by BADGE and curing agents are used as comparisons to the DOMS LeT systems. Polarized optical microscopic tests were used to form time-temperature-transition (TTT) diagrams for different systems, which provide important information about the curing process of Lf.Ts. Relationships between curing conditions, structure and properties are created by TTT diagrams and microscopic observations. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle X-ray scattering tests demonstrated the typical smectic features of LeTs systems. In the dynamic vapour sorption tests, the extraordinary water barrier property of smectic LeT is revealed. The water permeability of LeT was reduced by 74.6% at 65 'C and by 63.7% at 85'C in comparison with the conventional thermoset. Smectic Le structure was proven useful in reducing the water permeation in epoxy thennosets. Dynamic mechanical analysis combined with computer modelling was employed to investigate the correlation between water permeation and inner structure of materials to clarify the mechanism of moisture diffusion and sorption in LCTs. The information and results obtained in this work would be of great importance for the potential industrial applications of LeTs. - i -
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Fernández, Iglesias Eva. "Liquid-crystalline phenanthrolines." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269721.

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Acosta-Sampson, Ligia I. "In vitro interactions of the small heat shock protein chaperone human [alpha]B-crystallin with its physiological substrates in the lens [gamma]-crystallins." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61787.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2010.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
In title on title-page "[alpha]" and "[gamma]" appear as lower case Greek letters. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-175).
The passive chaperone a-crystallin, a small heat shock protein, is one of the ubiquitous crystallins in vertebrate lenses, along with the [beta][gamma]-crystallins. It is composed of two subunits (~ 20 kDa) aA- and [alpha]B-crystallin (aA- and [alpha]B-Crys), which form a hetero-oligomeric, polydisperse complex of ~ 800 kDa in the lens. Aggregates isolated from mature-onset cataracts, the major cause of sight loss worldwide, contain damaged and misfolded forms of [beta][gamma]-crystallins, as well as a-crystallins. I have studied the chaperone function of human [alpha]B-crystallin interacting with its physiological human [gamma]-crystallin substrates. Human [gamma]D-crystallin ([gamma]D-Crys) and [gamma]C-crystallin ([gamma]C-Crys) are st[alpha]Ble and long-lived mammalian [gamma]-crystallins localized in the lens nucleus. Human [gamma]S-crystallin ([gamma]S-Crys) is [alpha]Bundant in the lens outer cortex. All three [gamma]-crystallins can refold in vitro to their native state after unfolding in high concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl). However, in buffer or very low denaturant concentrations (< 1 M GdnHCl) aggregation of refolding [gamma]-crystallin intermediates competes with productive refolding. Diluting unfolded [gamma]C-, [gamma]D-, or [gamma]S-Crys to low GdnHCl concentrations (at 100 [mu]g/ml, 37°C) resulted in the protein population partitioning between productive refolding and aggregation pathways. [gamma]D-, [gamma]C- or [gamma]S-Crys protein was allowed to refold and aggregate in the presence of [alpha]B-Crys homo-oligomers at different mass-based ratios of [gamma]-Crys to [alpha]B-Crys. [gamma]D- and [gamma]C-Crys aggregation was suppressed to similar levels, whereas [gamma]S-Crys aggregation was not suppressed as strongly in assays measuring solution turbidity at 350 nm. SEC chromatograms of the products of suppression reactions showed the presence of a high molecular weight chaperone-substrate complex. This complex was still present 4 days after the suppression reaction was initiated. Experiments were performed with the [alpha]B-Crys chaperone added 2, 6, or 10 s, after dilution of unfolded [gamma]D-Crys out of high concentrations of denaturant. The results from these experiments showed that the partially folded, aggregation-prone species that is recognized by [alpha]B-Crys chaperone is populated within the first 10 s after refolding and aggregation were initiated. This time period coincided with the refolding of the C-terminal domain of [gamma]D-Crys as determined from kinetic refolding experiments in vitro. Human [gamma]D-Crys contains four Trp residues with one residue located in each quadrant of the protein. Intrinsic buried Trp fluorescence is quenched in the native state relative to the unfolded state of the protein due to intra-domain partial resonance energy transfer from the highly fluorescent Trp donors (W42 and W130) to the highly quenched acceptor Trps (W68 and W156). The efficient quenching of Trp68 and Trp156 depends on an unusual conformation of the Trp ring with respect to its backbone amide, as well as the presence of two tightly bound H2O molecules with oppositely oriented dipoles. Thus, intrinsic Trp fluorescence is a sensitive reporter of the protein conformation. Using a no-Trp mutant of [alpha]B-Crys (W9F/W60F), the conformation of the bound [gamma]D-Crys substrate in [gamma]D -- [alpha]B complexes was determined from intrinsic Trp fluorescence emission. The emission spectra for the substrate did not coincide with a native or fully unfolded conformation of the [gamma]D-Crys controls. To further characterize the conformation of each domain of [gamma]D-Crys in the substrate-chaperone complex, double-Trp [gamma]D-Crys mutants, which conserved the Trp pair in the N-terminal (W130F/W156F) or the C-terminal (W42F/W68F) domain, while the counterpart pair was changed to Phe, were used as substrates in aggregation suppression reactions. The fluorescence emission spectra for the double-Trp mutants in complex with Trp-less [alpha]B-Crys were similar and they did not coincide with the spectra for their respective native or unfolded double-Trp [gamma]D-Crys controls. These results indicated that the bound substrate remained in a partially folded state with neither domain native-like. Triple-Trp [gamma]D-mutants that conserved the highly fluorescent Trp residue in the N-terminal or C-terminal domains were also used as substrates in suppression of aggregation reactions with Trp-less [alpha]B-Crys chaperone. The fluorescence emission spectra of triple-Trp substrates in the substrate-chaperone complex indicated that these residues were not solvent exposed. These results suggest that Trp neighboring regions could be interacting directly with the [alpha]B-Crys chaperone. To further elucidate the specific region in the [gamma]-crystallins that interacts with [alpha]B-Crys in suppression assays, experiments were performed using single-domain constructs of [gamma]D-Crys. The isolated N-terminal ([gamma]D-Ntd) and C-terminal domains ([gamma]D-Ctd) of [gamma]D-Crys, expressed in E. coli, can refold to a native state upon dilution out of denaturant to low concentrations of GdnHCl. The C-terminal domain aggregated upon refolding out of high concentrations of denaturant, while the N-terminal did not under the same assay conditions. However, when [gamma]D-Ctd and [gamma]D-Ntd were unfolded and refolded together, [gamma]D-Ctd recruited [gamma]D-Ntd into the aggregate. [alpha]B-Crys suppressed the aggregation of the [gamma]D-Ctd and formed [gamma]D-Ctd -- [alpha]B complexes. Using W9F/W60F [alpha]B-Crys, I have determined, through the fluorescence emission of [gamma]D-Ctd tryptophans, that the [gamma]D-Ctd in the [gamma]D-Ctd --[alpha]B complexes was partially folded. Inhibition experiments in which the [gamma]D-Ntd and [gamma]D-Ctd isolated domains were refolded sequentially or simultaneously showed that [alpha]B-Crys preferentially recognized [gamma]D-Ctd. These in vitro results provide a model for how a-crystallin interacts with aggregation-prone substrates in vivo wherein an aggregation-prone region in the C-terminal domain of [gamma]D-Crys is exposed in the aggregation-prone species and this region is recognized by [alpha]B-Crys. These results also provide support for protein unfolding/protein aggregation models for cataract, with a-crystallin suppressing aggregation of damaged or unfolded proteins through early adulthood, but becoming saturated with advancing age.
by Ligia Acosta-Sampson.
Ph.D.
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Zhou, Bo. "Synthesis and characterization of crystalline assembly of poly Nisopropylacry-lamide)-co-acrylic acid nanoparticles." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4671/.

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In this study, crystalline poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAm-co-AAc) nanoparticle network in organic solvents was obtained by self assembling precursor particles in acetone/epichlorohydrin mixture at room temperature followed by inter-sphere crosslinking at ~98 °C. The crystals thus formed can endure solvent exchanges or large distortions under a temporary compressing force with the reoccurrence of crystalline structures. In acetone, the crystals were stable, independent of temperature, while in water crystals could change their colors upon heating or changing pH values. By passing a focused white light beam through the crystals, different colors were displayed at different observation angles, indicating typical Bragg diffraction. Shear moduli of the gel nanoparticle crystals were measured in the linear stress-yield ranges for the same gel crystals in both acetone and water. Syntheses of particles of different sizes and the relationship between particle size and the color of the gel nanoparticle networks at a constant solid content were also presented. Temperature- and pH- sensitive crystalline PNIPAm-co-AAc hydrogel was prepared using osmosis crosslinking method. Not only the typical Bragg diffraction phenomenon was observed for the hydrogel but also apparent temperature- and pH- sensitive properties were performed. The phase behavior of PNIPAm nanoparticles dispersed in water was also investigated using a thermodynamic perturbation theory combined with lightscattering and spectrometer measurements. It was shown how the volume transition of PNIPAM particles affected the interaction potential and determined a novel phase diagram that had not been observed in conventional colloids. Because both particle size and attractive potential depended on temperature, PNIPAM aqueous dispersion exhibited phase transitions at a fixed particle number density by either increasing or decreasing temperature. The phase transition of PNIPAm-co-AAc colloids was also studied. The results from the comparison between pure PNIPAm and charged PNIPAm colloids showed that the introducing of carboxyl (-COOH) group not only contributed to the synthesis of three-dimensional nanoparticle network but also effectively increased the crystallization temperature and concentration range. The phase transitions at both low and high temperatures were observed from the turbidity change by using UV-Vis spectrometer. Centrifugal vibration method was used to make crystalline PNIPAm-co-AAc dispersion at high concentration (8%). The turbidity test proved the formation of iridescent pattern.
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Di, Lollo Antonio B. "Thermal and surface properties of crystalline and non-crystalline legume seed proteins." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59973.

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This work was devoted to the study of (a) the physico-chemical, functional, and structural properties of bean (Phaseolus sp.) protein isolates in relation to their microstructures, and (b) the effects of protein carbohydrate interactions on physico-chemical, functional, and structural properties. The contents of protein, and both total and individual sugars of alkali extracted (amorphous) and citric acid extracted (bipyramidal and spheroidal) proteins from Phaseolus vulgaris (white kidney and navy) and Phaseolus lutanus (baby lima and large lima) beans were determined. The proteins were subjected to differential scanning calorimetry, and measurements of surface tension (air-water interface), surface hydrophobicity, and foam expansion. Structural analysis of the proteins were performed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Enzymatic and chemical deglycosylation was performed on a white kidney bean protein isolate.
Glucose and mannose were the major sugars found in the isolates. Bipyramidal and spheroidal microstructures with higher protein contents generally had greater mannose content and lower glucose content. Differences in enthalpy of denaturation $( Delta$H), surface tension decay curves, surface hydrophobicities, and foam expansions were observed with isolates of different microstructures. Corresponding differences in molecular structure were not, however, detected by FT-IR spectroscopy. Using statistical analysis, a relationship between foam expansion and the $ Delta$H, solubility, surface hydrophobicity and surface tension of the isolates was obtained. Preliminary results suggest that the removal of carbohydrate influenced the physico-chemical properties of the protein.
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Hanna, Simon. "Structure and phase transitions of some crystalline and liquid crystalline aromatic polyesters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277892.

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Books on the topic "Crystallines"

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Wistow, Graeme. Molecular biology and evolution of crystallins: Gene recruitment and multifunctional proteins in the eye lens. New York: Springer, 1995.

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Maddux, Bob. Crystalline connection. Lafayette, La: Huntington House Publishers, 1991.

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Christine, McKie, ed. Crystalline solids. Oxford [England]: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1986.

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Donald, A. M. Liquid crystalline polymers. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Popescu, Mihai. Non-crystalline chalcogenides. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Popescu, Mihai. Non-crystalline chalcogenicides. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2002.

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Bushby, Richard J., Stephen M. Kelly, and Mary O'Neill, eds. Liquid Crystalline Semiconductors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2873-0.

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Thakur, Vijay Kumar, and Michael R. Kessler, eds. Liquid Crystalline Polymers. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20270-9.

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Popescu, Mihai A. Non-Crystalline Chalcogenides. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47129-9.

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Ohashi, Yuji. Crystalline State Photoreactions. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54373-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crystallines"

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Nitta, Tomoshige, and Tatuya Okayama. "Studies on Adsorption Characteristics of Micropores Composed of Graphitic Micro-crystallines by Monte Carlo Simulations." In The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 691–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1375-5_86.

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Mihama, K., and N. Tanaka. "Nm-sized crystallites embedded in single crystalline films of magnesium oxide." In Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters, 157–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74913-1_36.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Crystalline." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 184. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3147.

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Hofmann, G. "Crystallizers." In Science and Technology of Crystal Growth, 221–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0137-0_17.

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Fleming, R. M., B. Hessen, T. Siegrist, A. R. Kortan, P. Marsh, R. Tycko, G. Dabbagh, and R. C. Haddon. "Crystalline Fullerenes." In ACS Symposium Series, 25–39. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0481.ch002.

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Lu, Yi, Wei Wu, and Tonglei Li. "Crystalline Nanoparticles." In Pharmaceutical Crystals, 463–502. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119046233.ch11.

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Yin, Ophelia. "Crystalline Dystrophy." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_884-1.

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Baumeister, Martin, and Thomas Kohnen. "Crystalline Lens." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_415-3.

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Lodge, Timothy P., and Paul C. Hiemenz. "Crystalline Polymers." In Polymer Chemistry, 581–638. Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190810-13.

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Elias, Hans-Georg. "Crystalline States." In Macromolecules, 191–238. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527627233.ch7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crystallines"

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Trask, Jason, Lin Cui, Andrew J. Wagner, K. Andre Mkhoyan, and Uwe Kortshagen. "Seed-Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon for the Formation of Large-Grain Poly-Crystalline Silicon." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90443.

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A new method for reducing crystallization time of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films and more successfully controlling grain structure has been studied through seeding of the bulk matrix with nanocrystallites during film deposition. Films were deposited by a system in which crystallites and amorphous film were synthesized in separate RF-powered plasmas. Average crystallite size was confirmed to be 20 to 50 nm via TEM imaging. Several films with various initial crystallite population densities were produced, and their crystallization kinetics were studied via Raman spectroscopy throughout a staged annealing process. Seeded films consistently displayed a characteristic crystallization time less than the incubation time of unseeded control films. Furthermore, films with larger initial seed densities exhibited earlier crystallization onset. A separate study also was performed in which the dark conductivity was compared between films re-crystallized from various initial seed densities.
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Van Citters, Douglas W., Ashley E. Levack, and Francis E. Kennedy. "Wear of Highly Crystalline Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene." In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71175.

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Highly crystalline ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has historically experienced little success as a bearing material in total joint arthroplasty due to oxidation related fatigue failures. Recent sterilization and treatment advances have reduced or eliminated the risk of oxidation, allowing for a renewed interest in this particular material. The current study investigates the wear resistance of a highly crystalline UHMWPE in comparison to clinically relevant control materials. The highly crystalline material exhibits a wear rate superior to never irradiated material, and similar to irradiated material. The wear rate reduction is attributed to the larger crystallites’ ability to slow subsurface crack growth.
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Guler, Mehmet Oguz, Mirac Alaf, Deniz Gultekin, Hatem Akbulut, and Ahmet Alp. "Oxidation Kinetics of Nano Crystalline Tin Oxide Conductive Thin Films." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47072.

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Tin oxide was the first transparent conductor to have achieved significant commercialization. SnO2 is an n-type semiconductor with an optical band gap of about 3.6 eV in poly crystalline form. One of the main reasons for the wide use is its rather desirable characteristic of having both, high optical transmittance and high electrical conductivity. Under optimum deposition conditions, tin oxide crystallizes in the tetragonal (rutile) structure. In this study, nano crystalline thin oxide conductive thin films has been manufactured by thermal evaporation techniques onto steel substrates using metallic tin targets and oxidation kinetics have been studied after D.C. plasma oxidation by using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). The activation energy of SnO and SnO2 from Sn phase transformations has also been studied.
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Xu, Li, and Costas P. Griogoropoulos. "Double Laser Crystallization (DLC) of 50 Nanometer and 20 Nanometer Amorphous Silicon Film for Thin Film Transistors (TFTS) Application." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80475.

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Ultra-large grain poly-crystalline silicon has been formed in 20 nm and 50 nm amorphous silicon films by the double laser crystallization (DLC) method. Surface reflection properties of such thin films upon laser irradiation were calculated. In-situ images were captured to monitor the transient melting and solidification process of 50 nm silicon film in order to understand the crystallization induced by steep laser intensity gradients. SEM (scanning electron microscope) images of crystallized 50 nm film after Secco etch revealed grain size up to 10 m while plane-view TEM (transmission electron microscope) images of 50 nm film also showed perfect crystalline structure inside the grains. AFM (atomic force microscope) images were also taken to show the topology of the grain structure and RMS of 20 nm film.
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Xu, Li, and Costas P. Grigoropoulos. "High Performance Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) of Polycrystalline Silicon Crystallized by the Double Laser Crystallization (DLC) Technique." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72223.

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Ultra-large grain poly-crystalline silicon has been formed by the double laser crystallization (DLC) method. In-situ images were captured to monitor the transient melting and solidification process in order to understand the crystallization induced by steep laser intensity gradients. SEM (scanning electron microscope) images of crystallized film after Secco etch revealed grain size up to 10μm. High performance thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated on the DLC-made poly-crystalline material. The highly localized crystal growth and well-defined orientation allowed precise definition of channels on large grains. The electrical performance of the fabricated devices was studied, indicating a field-effect mobility in the saturation range of undoped channel of 124 cm2/V.sec, threshold voltage of 0.2V and on-off current ratio of 1E8 for n-type devices.
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Vestel, Michael J., David S. Grummon, and Albert P. Pisano. "Crystallization of Sputtered NiTi Films." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41216.

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Sputtered, crystalline thin films of nickel-titanium (NiTi) can display both superelastic properties and the shape memory effect, either of which may be used in films for MEMS sensors and actuators. However, direct deposition of crystalline NiTi films requires high deposition temperature and cooldown can lead to catastrophic delamination from extrinsic residual stress. To avoid delamination, especially for thick films (&gt;5 micrometers) the amorphous form of NiTi can be sputter deposited at a low temperature, patterned and etched, released, and then crystallized to develop the proper microstructure. Here we report some results from a study of the crystallization process using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The minimum temperature for complete crystallization in a reasonable length of time was found to be about 400°C. Crystalline grains always nucleated first at the surface, rapidly grew laterally until impingement, and then continued to grow inward to form columnar grains as the parent amorphous phase was consumed. Surface roughness delayed the onset of surface nucleation. For very smooth surfaces, crystallization nucleated quickly, but after lateral impingement, growth inward was apparently more sluggish. Multiple DSC exotherms observed in some cases suggest that additional nucleation events may have occurred in the interior of the films.
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Fujiwara, Takumi, Naoki Iwafuchi, Yosuke Hane, Yoshiki Yamazaki, Hiroshi Mori, and Takayuki Komatsu. "Second Harmonic Generation in Crystallized Glass Fibers with Nano- and Oriented-Crystalline Structures." In Photorefractive Effects, Photosensitivity, Fiber Gratings, Photonic Materials and More. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pr.2007.ma4.

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Cornish, John C. L., and Reem Abdelaal. "Modification of the density of crystallites in silicon nano-crystalline thin films by substrate profiling." In 2008 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconn.2008.4639235.

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Zhang, Shouyu, Junfu Lu, Jianmin Zhang, Qing Liu, and Guangxi Yue. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Reactivity and Crystallinity of Coal-Char." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78049.

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The effect of heat treatment on the reactivity and crystallinity of char prepared from the vitrinite of two coals (YX, JJ) was investigated by using XRD and TGA in this paper. The results from TGA show that the reactivity of the chars from YXV and JJV decreases with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The reactivity of YXV char decreases quickly and significantly as heat treatment time increases. However, after heat treatment time of 60 min, it decreases slowly. The effect of heat treatment time on the reactivity of JJV char is small. The results from XRD show that the crystallinity of coal-char is determined by the intensity of heat treatment. When heat treatment time is more than 60 minutes, the turbostratic crystallite of YXV char prepared under 900°C changes remarkably and becomes more orderly. The aromatic layer stacking heights (Lc) of YXV Char when heat treated above 900°C increased with the increase of heat treatment time. The effect of heat treat time on Lc of JJV char is small, but under heat treatment temperature of 1200°C, the crystalline of JJV char grows distinctly. There is a good parallel relationship between the crystalline growth and deactivation of the chars. It can be concluded that the growth of the crystalline is the main reason for the deactivation of coal-char.
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Makihara, Katsunori, Jin Gao, Kouhei Sakaike, Syohei Hayashi, Hidenori Deki, Mitsuhisa Ikeda, Seiichiro Higashi, and Seiichi Miyazaki. "Highly-Crystallized Ge:H Film Growth from GeH4 VHF-ICP - Crystalline Nucleation Initiated by Ni-Nanodots." In 2012 International Silicon-Germanium Technology and Device Meeting (ISTDM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istdm.2012.6222497.

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Reports on the topic "Crystallines"

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Viswanathan, Hari S., Shaoping Chu, Paul William Reimus, Nataliia Makedonska, Jeffrey De'Haven Hyman, Satish Karra, and Timothy M. Dittrich. Crystalline and Crystalline International Disposal Activities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1233245.

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Viswanathan, Hari S., Shaoping Chu, Timothy M. Dittrich, Jeffrey De'Haven Hyman, Satish Karra, Nataliia Makedonska, and Paul William Reimus. Crystalline and Crystalline International Disposal Activities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1345955.

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Mather, Patrick T. Liquid Crystalline Symposium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418146.

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Land, T., R. Dylla-Spears, and C. Thorsness. Virtual Crystallizer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/929174.

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Wei, Jie, Xiao-Ping Li, and A. M. Sessler. Crystalline beam ground state. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10171427.

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Haffmans, A. F., D. Maletic, and A. G. Ruggiero. Crystalline beams: The string. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176144.

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McCabe, D. J. Crystalline silicotitanate examination results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/565003.

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Beck, J. E., H. Lowe, and S. P. Yurkovich. Area recommendation report for the crystalline repository project: An evaluation. [Crystalline Repository Project]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5054825.

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Khoo, Iam C. Nonlinear Liquid Crystalline Fiber Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384255.

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Painter, Scott Leroy, Shaoping Chu, Dylan Robert Harp, Frank Vinton Perry, and Yifeng Wang. Generic Crystalline Disposal Reference Case. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1170621.

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