Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crystalline properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Crystalline properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crystalline properties"

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Savkina, R. K. "Properties of the crystalline silicon strained via cavitation impact." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo16.01.043.

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Nachbar, Mario, Denis Duft, and Thomas Leisner. "The vapor pressure over nano-crystalline ice." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 5 (March 8, 2018): 3419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3419-2018.

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Abstract. The crystallization of amorphous solid water (ASW) is known to form nano-crystalline ice. The influence of the nanoscale crystallite size on physical properties like the vapor pressure is relevant for processes in which the crystallization of amorphous ices occurs, e.g., in interstellar ices or cold ice cloud formation in planetary atmospheres, but up to now is not well understood. Here, we present laboratory measurements on the saturation vapor pressure over ice crystallized from ASW between 135 and 190 K. Below 160 K, where the crystallization of ASW is known to form nano-crystalline ice, we obtain a saturation vapor pressure that is 100 to 200 % higher compared to stable hexagonal ice. This elevated vapor pressure is in striking contrast to the vapor pressure of stacking disordered ice which is expected to be the prevailing ice polymorph at these temperatures with a vapor pressure at most 18 % higher than that of hexagonal ice. This apparent discrepancy can be reconciled by assuming that nanoscale crystallites form in the crystallization process of ASW. The high curvature of the nano-crystallites results in a vapor pressure increase that can be described by the Kelvin equation. Our measurements are consistent with the assumption that ASW is the first solid form of ice deposited from the vapor phase at temperatures up to 160 K. Nano-crystalline ice with a mean diameter between 7 and 19 nm forms thereafter by crystallization within the ASW matrix. The estimated crystal sizes are in agreement with reported crystal size measurements and remain stable for hours below 160 K. Thus, this ice polymorph may be regarded as an independent phase for many atmospheric processes below 160 K and we parameterize its vapor pressure using a constant Gibbs free energy difference of (982 ± 182) J mol−1 relative to hexagonal ice.
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Majerová, Melinda, Martin Škrátek, Branislav Hruška, Andrej Dvurečenskij, Peter Švančárek, Anna Prnová, Jozef Kraxner, Els Bruneel, Klaartje De Buysser, and Dušan Galusek. "Structure and magnetic properties of Bi-doped calcium aluminosilicate glass microspheres." Pure and Applied Chemistry 94, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2021-0703.

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Abstract Bi-doped CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass microspheres with Ca2Al2SiO7 (gehlenite) composition were prepared by combination of solid-state reaction and flame synthesis. The concentration of Bi was 0.0, 0.5, 1 and 3 mol%. The chemical composition of prepared glass microspheres was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The structural and magnetic properties of prepared glass microspheres and their polycrystalline analogues were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry. The closer inspection of glass microspheres surface by SEM confirmed smooth surface and revealed no features indicating presence of crystalline phases. All Bi-doped microspheres are X-ray amorphous, however in case of undoped microspheres XRD detected traces of crystalline gehlenite. XRD analysis of samples crystallized at 1273 K for 10 h revealed the presence of gehlenite as the main crystalline phase. The presence of gehlenite in crystallized samples were also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. All samples (glass microspheres and their crystalline analogues) showed diamagnetic or weak ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, whereas paramagnetic or weak ferromagnetic behavior was observed at 2 K.
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Wang, Xiao, Zhihua Shen, Jie Li, and Shengli Wu. "Preparation and Properties of Crystalline IGZO Thin Films." Membranes 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020134.

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IGZO thin films can be used as active layers of thin-film transistors and have been widely studied. However, amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) fabricated at room temperature is vulnerable in subsequent manufacturing processes, such as etching and sputtering; this limits IGZO thin film transistors’ (TFTs) use in commercial products. In this paper, we prepared a c-axis crystallized IGZO thin film by Radio Frequency (RF) sputtering at 180 °C, with a 50% O2 ratio and 110 W power. XRD images show that the crystallized film has an obvious diffraction peak near 31°, and the spacing between the crystal surfaces was calculated to be ≈0.29 nm. The HRTEM map confirmed the above results. The stability of IGZO thin films was investigated by etching them with an acid solution. The crystalline IGZO films exhibited better acid corrosion resistance, and their anticorrosion performance was 74% higher than that of amorphous IGZO (a-IGZO) films, indicating the crystalline IGZO film can provide more stable performance in applications.
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Dhaouadi, Hassouna, Ouassim Ghodbane, Faouzi Hosni, and Fathi Touati. "Mn3O4 Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Dielectric Properties." ISRN Spectroscopy 2012 (February 15, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/706398.

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Mn3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by a simple chemical route using cetyltetramethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template agent. Mn3O4 nanocrystals present an octahedral shape, and their crystallite size varies between 20 and 80 nm. They were characterized by XRD, SEM, DTA/TG, and IR spectroscopy. XRD studies confirm the presence of a highly crystalline Mn3O4 phase. The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data confirms that Mn3O4 nanoparticles crystallize in the tetragonal system with space group I41/amd. DTA/TG and XRD measurements demonstrate the phase transition toward a spinel structure between 25 and 700∘C. The electrical conductivity increases between 80 and 300∘C, suggesting a semiconducting behaviour of Mn3O4. Both dielectric dispersion (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε′′) were investigated from 80 and 300∘C in the frequency range of 10 Hz–13 MHz. The dielectric properties showed typical dielectric dispersion based on the Maxwell-Wagner model.
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Mosquera, Edgar Eduardo, Daniela Herrera-Molina, and Jesús Diosa. "Structural and optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic behavior under visible light." INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD 23, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): e21310965. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v23i2.10965.

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TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a facile and scalable sol-gel method and their structural and optical properties studied. XRD ad FTIR was used to identify the phase, crystallite size, and functional groups present in the nanoparticles. The prepared samples crystallize in the anatase structure with highly crystalline order. TEM/EDX shows that the nanoparticles are pure, spherical, and with an average particle size of 15 ± 2 nm. The bandgap energy was 3.59, 3.79, and 3.64 eV, respectively. PL emission is attributed to oxygen vacancies (Vo). The calcination temperature at 450 °C suggests a better photocatalytic performance under visible light compared with other sample's thermal treatments.
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Liang, Yuan-Chang, and Che-Wei Chang. "Preparation of Orthorhombic WO3 Thin Films and Their Crystal Quality-Dependent Dye Photodegradation Ability." Coatings 9, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020090.

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Direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering deposited WO3 films with different crystalline qualities were synthesized by postannealing at various temperatures. The in-situ DC sputtering deposited WO3 thin film at 375 °C exhibited an amorphous structure. The as-grown WO3 films were crystallized after annealing at temperatures of 400–600 °C in ambient air. Structural analyses revealed that the crystalline WO3 films have an orthorhombic structure. Moreover, the crystallite size of the WO3 film exhibited an explosive coarsening behavior at an annealing temperature above 600 °C. The density of oxygen vacancy of the WO3 films was substantially lowered through a high temperature annealing procedure. The optical bandgap values of the WO3 films are highly associated with the degree of crystalline quality. The annealing-induced variation of microstructures, crystallinity, and bandgap of the amorphous WO3 thin films explained the various photoactivated properties of the films in this study.
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Ebnalwaled, A. A., and M. Abou Zied. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Crystalline Al-Mg-Mn System." Journal of Nano Research 9 (February 2010): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.9.61.

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Nano - crystalline Al-Mg-Mn was synthesized by ball milling technique. Microstructure of these alloys has been studied from X-ray line broadening. The crystallite size of nano - crystalline Al-Mg-Mn system decreases by increasing the Mg content, While the micro-strain, median diameter,, and geometrical standard deviations,  increases by increasing the Mg content. Micro-hardness of our system has been investigated by Vickers hardness test. The hardness increases by increasing the Mg content.
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Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn, Chung-Kai Chang, Yu-Chun Chuang, Wei-Tsung Chuang, Chun-Yu Chen, Sean Blamires, Chen-Pan Liao, and I.-Min Tso. "Nutrient and Wind Effects on Dragline Properties: Perspectives from WAXS & SAXS." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408677x.

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Spider dragline silk is one of the strongest nature fibers and some of their features are even better than those of the best synthetic fibers. Understanding the mechanisms inducing silk variability may have implications for biomimetics and the synthesis of environmentally responsive materials. Dragline silk contains both elasticity (amorphous) and crystalline regions. Our previous studies had demonstrated that spiders might vary the protein composition and thus physical properties of silks when experiencing food with different nutrient level. In this study we fed Nephila pilipes with high, low and no protein foods and collected their dragline silks for synchrotron Radiation (SR) wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) examinations. The WAXS data showed a significant difference in crystalline fractions of dragline silks produced by N. pilipes experiencing different food treatments. In addition, the orientation of crystallines also varied considerably among silks produced by spiders in three treatment groups. The SAXS data, obtained with the beam incident along and perpendicular to the fiber axis revealed a mesostructure comprising nano crystallites (beta sheets) stack spirally along the spider fibril axis. Such results indicate that spiders experiencing different nutrient stress level might produce dragline silks of different physical properties due to variations in crystalline density, orientation and the meso-phase structures in nano scale. Furthermore, varying environmental wind strength leads to changes in tensile mechanics of spider dragline silk hence produced. Exposing the spider Cyclosa mulmeinensis to controlled stress from constant airflow, we found correlated changes in (i) amino acid composition, (ii) tensile mechanics and (iii) crystallinity, of the dragline silk; which results suggest that protein variation and/or post secretion crystalline variations are associated with the mechanical properties of the spider silks.
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Safari, Maryam, Itziar Otaegi, Nora Aramburu, Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarria, Antxon de Ilarduya, Haritz Sardon, and Alejandro Müller. "Synthesis, Structure, Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Isodimorphic PBS-ran-PCL Copolyesters." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142263.

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Isodimorphic behavior is determined by partial inclusion of comonomer segments within the crystalline structure and arises from the comparatively similar repeating chain units of the parental homopolymers. Isodimorphic random copolymers are able to crystallize irrespective of their composition and exhibit a pseudo-eutectic behavior when their melting point values are plotted as a function of comonomer content. At the pseudo-eutectic point or region, two crystalline phases can coexist. On the right-hand and the left-hand side of the pseudo-eutectic point or region, only one single crystalline phase can form which is very similar to the crystalline structures of the parent homopolymers. This article aims to study the synthesis method, structure, crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of isodimorphic random PBS-ran-PCL copolyesters. Moreover, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of our main recent results on PBS-ran-PCL random copolyesters with three different molecular weights. The results show that the comonomer composition and crystallization conditions are the major factors responsible for the crystalline morphology, crystallization kinetics and mechanical performance of isodimorphic random copolyesters. Our studies demonstrate that in the pseudo-eutectic region, where both crystalline phases can coexist, the crystallization conditions determine the crystalline phase or phases of the copolymer. The relationships between the comonomer composition and mechanical properties are also addressed in this work.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crystalline properties"

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Svensson, Erik. "Crystalline properties of starch." Lund : Lund University, 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=VOdqAAAAMAAJ.

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Dimitrievska, Mirjana. "Crystalline and vibrational properties of kesterites." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395179.

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The main objective of this thesis is to deepen the knowledge of fundamental properties of kesterite materials (Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4) and their solid solutions Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, which are used as absorber layers in solar cells. This principally included full characterization of structural and vibrational properties of these materials mainly using various Raman spectroscopy techniques. Special focus is put on the investigation of defect dynamics in kesterites, especially on the experimental identification of defects and their effect on the optoelectronic properties and thus the performance of solar cells devices. Additionally, among the objectives of the thesis was development of Raman based methodologies for the compositional assessment of these materials, as well as obtaining more information regarding the fundamental properties of ZnSSe secondary phase. The results were shown in the series of articles which have been published in high impact peer-review journals. In the first part of the thesis, a complete analysis of all Raman active modes of the stoichiometric Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 compounds was made using six different excitation wavelengths from near infrared to ultraviolet. Based on the first principle simulations, normal displacements of each Raman mode were calculated and provided insightful knowledge about the involvement of atoms in vibrations corresponding to different modes. Additionally defect dynamics in kesterite materials was explored. Asymmetry in the shape of the low frequency region of the main Raman modes has been observed for Cu2ZnSnS4 samples with different crystal quality. This has been attributed to phonon confinement effects which are arising from the loss of translational symmetry in the crystal caused by a high density of defects. Based on this model, a simple methodology independent of measuring conditions is proposed for the quantitative assessment of crystal quality through the correlation length. After this, the effect of specific defect clusters on the Raman spectra and optoelectronic properties was investigated. Combinatorial Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films with lateral compositional gradients were synthesized and made into solar cell devices (around 200 cells per sample), in order to study the correlation between the optoelectronic properties and absorber composition. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the Raman spectra has allowed investigation of the changes in the relative intensity of Raman peaks in relation to the occurrence of different kinds of defect clusters. Finally, the influence of point defects and secondary phases on the performance of Cu2ZnSnSe4 devices was presented. Last part of the thesis was dedicated to development of a methodology for the quantitative assessment of the anion composition of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solid solutions using Raman spectroscopy. The methodology is based on the analysis of the integral intensity ratio of Raman bands sensitive to anion vibrations. Finally, a fundamental study, based on experimental and theoretical investigation, of the Raman resonance effects in ZnSSe solid solutions was presented. The Raman scattering intensities of LO ZnS-like and ZnSe-like phonon modes, corresponding to pure S and Se vibrations, respectively, were revealed to be significantly enhanced when excited with 325 nm excitation in the case of S vibrations, and with 455 nm in the case of Se vibrations. This behavior was explained by the interaction of the excitation photons with the corresponding S or Se electronic states in the conduction band, and further confirmed by first principles simulations. In conclusion, the works presented in this thesis are a significant contribution to the study of fundamental properties of materials in general, and kesterites materials in particular. Additionally, due to the unique approach of utilizing Raman spectroscopy with other characterization techniques, these methods could prove to be very successful in structure/function studies of other multinary compounds which are gaining increasing interest for electronic applications.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis es mejorar el conocimiento de las propiedades fundamentales de los compuestos de kesterita (Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4) y sus soluciones solidos Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 para uso como absorbedor en células solares. Esto constituye de la caracterización completa de las propiedades estructurales y vibracional utilizando la espectroscopia Raman. Adicionalmente, está el desarrollo de metodologías basado en Raman para la valoración composicional de estos materiales. Estos resultados están destacados en una serie de artículos publicados en revistas de peer-review de alto impacto. Un análisis completo de todos los modos activos de Raman de los compuestos estequiometricas de kesterita se realizó utilizando seis diferentes longitudes de onda de excitación, desde el infrarrojo hasta la ultravioleta. A partir de la base de simulaciones de primeros principios, los desplazamientos normales de cada modo Raman fueron calculados y dan un conocimiento útil sobre la participación de átomos en vibraciones correspondientes a diferentes modos. Un énfasis especial se da a la investigación de la dinámica de defectos en las kesteritas, en particular a la identificación experimental de los defectos y sus efectos sobre las propiedades optoelectrónicas, incluso el rendimiento, de dispositivos de células solares. También se desarrollo de una metodología para la valoración quantativa de la composición de aniones de soluciones solidos de Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 utilizando la espectroscopia Raman. Esta metodología se basa en la analisis de la intensidad integral de las bandas Raman más sensibles a vibraciones de los aniones. Por último, hay un estudio teórica y experimental del aumento en intensidad de los modos Raman de compuestos ZnSSe, bajo varias condiciones de resonancia, lo cual resulta en una mejora del conocimiento de la parte que juega los estados electrónicos de los calcogenuros en la interacción de fotón-materia. En conclusión, el trabajo presentado en esta tesis es una contribución significante al estudio de las propiedades fundamentales de los materiales en general, y los compuestos de kesterita en particular. Adicionalmente, debido al uso complementario de la espectroscopia Raman con otras técnicas de caracterización, estos métodos puedan resultar en ser muy útiles en estudios de estructura/función de otros compuestos multinarios, los cuales están ganado más interés para aplicaciones electrónicas.
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Budgell, Derek Richard. "Liquid crystalline properties of ethyl cellulose." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74271.

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The formation and chiroptical properties of liquid crystals of ethyl cellulose (EC) and some related polymers are investigated to determine which features affect the mesophase behaviour.
The onset of mesophase formation is studied by employing literature data on the viscosity/molar mass relationship of several cellulose derivatives, including EC in several solvents, to calculate their molecular dimensions by a recent hydrodynamic theory. The phase separation behavior is compared with the predictions of theories for both freely-jointed and wormlike chains.
The effects of solvent and degree of substitution (DS) on the cholesteric structure are assessed by studying the chiroptical properties using Circular Reflectance and Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) techniques. The DS strongly influences the helicoidal twist sense, reflection wavelength and response of the reflection wavelength to changes in temperature. Mesophases and cholesteric films of the methyl and n-butyl derivatives of EC are also investigated. The ORD spectra of isotropic EC solutions are found to be strongly influenced by the solvent employed.
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Di, Lollo Antonio B. "Thermal and surface properties of crystalline and non-crystalline legume seed proteins." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59973.

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This work was devoted to the study of (a) the physico-chemical, functional, and structural properties of bean (Phaseolus sp.) protein isolates in relation to their microstructures, and (b) the effects of protein carbohydrate interactions on physico-chemical, functional, and structural properties. The contents of protein, and both total and individual sugars of alkali extracted (amorphous) and citric acid extracted (bipyramidal and spheroidal) proteins from Phaseolus vulgaris (white kidney and navy) and Phaseolus lutanus (baby lima and large lima) beans were determined. The proteins were subjected to differential scanning calorimetry, and measurements of surface tension (air-water interface), surface hydrophobicity, and foam expansion. Structural analysis of the proteins were performed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Enzymatic and chemical deglycosylation was performed on a white kidney bean protein isolate.
Glucose and mannose were the major sugars found in the isolates. Bipyramidal and spheroidal microstructures with higher protein contents generally had greater mannose content and lower glucose content. Differences in enthalpy of denaturation $( Delta$H), surface tension decay curves, surface hydrophobicities, and foam expansions were observed with isolates of different microstructures. Corresponding differences in molecular structure were not, however, detected by FT-IR spectroscopy. Using statistical analysis, a relationship between foam expansion and the $ Delta$H, solubility, surface hydrophobicity and surface tension of the isolates was obtained. Preliminary results suggest that the removal of carbohydrate influenced the physico-chemical properties of the protein.
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Heng, Jerry Yong Yew. "Anisotropic surface properties of crystalline pharmaceutical solids." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8843.

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Thies, Jens Christoph. "Optical properties of chiral liquid crystalline polymers." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/590.

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Haws, Christine Margaret. "Selected physical properties of liquid crystalline polysiloxanes." Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6496/.

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The static and dynamic electrical behaviour, the electrical conductivity, the macroscopic viscosity and the optical transmission characteristics of side chain polysiloxane liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) have been studied. Particular emphasis has been placed on the study of the molecular dynamics using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and the low field (AC) and high field (DC) conductivity, with the intention of relating structural variations to the behaviour of these materials, and of identifying the most appropriate LCPs for use in practical optical storage devices. The effect on the molecular dynamics of the polymer backbone and the core, spacer and end groups of the mesogenic units was investigated. The LCP responses were shown to be broadly similar to those of low molar mass liquid crystals, though with longer relaxation times. The dynamic responses of structurally different LCPs were shown to be related when these were observed at a temperature referenced to the glass transition temperature. Values of the static permittivity of several LCPs have also been measured and tabulated. Low field electrical conductivity measurements were used to show that the magnitude of the conductivity was comparable to that of commercial liquid crystals. A method was identified whereby the conductivity of different LCPs could be compared. The texture of the measuring electrode surface was found to play an important role in determining the impedance of electrical double layers formed near the surface of the sample, with smooth polymer based surfactants reducing the formation of space charge. High field DC conductivity measurements showed that Schottky-type charge emission occurred at the electrodes at elevated temperatures, except when the smooth polymer based surfactants were present. This was probably a result of the reduction in the local field near the electrode due to a better physical match at the LCP/surfactant interface. The bulk viscosity of mixtures of an LCP and commercial liquid crystal were also measured and the results extrapolated to the viscosity of the LCP. The relationship between electrical conductivity and bulk viscosity was examined. The optical absorption spectra of blue pleochroic dyes have been measured to identify appropriate dyes for use with LCPs in laser written optical memories. The stability of the alignment of selected LCPs with time and temperature was also observed optically.
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Sweed, Muhamed. "Free volume properties of semi-crystalline polymers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6597.

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Thesis (PhD (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is well established as a novel method currently available for the study of polymers at a molecular level because of its sensitivity to the microstructural changes in the polymer matrix. The technique provides unique, but limited, information of the solid state structure – primarily on the nature of the free volume (or unoccupied space) in the polymer due to the less dense packing of polymer chains relative to in other solid materials. In the case of completely homogeneous polymer materials the measurement and interpretation of the positron annihilation parameters is relatively simple. However, in the case of polymers with more complex morphologies the situation becomes less clear. This is due to the possibility of the formation, localization and subsequent annihilation of o-Ps (ortho-positronium) within different areas of the complex morphology. This can result in more than one o-Ps lifetime component being present, and each of the different components corresponds to areas with differing types and amounts of 'open spaces'. In this study a detailed and systematic approach was taken to study the positron annihilation parameters in various semi-crystalline polymers and to correlate these to the chain structure and morphology of the materials. The study focused specifically on polyolefin polymers as these are the most widely used semi-crystalline materials, but more importantly, they offer the possibility to produce a variety of morphological complexity by simple manipulation of the chain structure – while there is essentially no difference in the chemical composition of the materials. The copolymers were selected to study the influence of short-chain branching (amount and length), short-chain branching distribution and tacticity on the morphology, and subsequent positron annihilation lifetime parameters. Three separate topics were addressed. First, preparative temperature rising elution fractionation was used to isolate polymer samples that are homogeneously crystallisable and to produce a series of polymers with differing chain structure and resultant morphologies. Second, additional series were produced by removing specific crystallisable fractions from the bulk materials. Third, the temperature variation of the samples as they approach and go through the crystalline melting point was studied. All the raw positron data were found to be best fitted with a four-component positron annihilation lifetime analysis. The longest lifetime (which is attributed to annihilation of o-Ps in the amorphous phase of the materials) showed systematic variations with the degree and nature of the short-chain branding, tacticity variation, a combination of both short-chain branching and tacticity, and changes in the amorphous phase as a result of heating. The third lifetime component (which is attributed to o-Ps annihilation in or around the crystalline areas of the materials) showed less variation across the sample series. Typically, greater variations were observed in the propylene copolymers than in the ethylene copolymers, which are reflective of the more complex chain structure and corresponding morphology in the propylene copolymer series. Direct evidence for a contribution from the nature of the amorphous phase to the bulk microhardness of the sample was also found.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Positronvernietigingsleeftydspektroskopie (PALS) is goed gevestig as ‘n nuwe metode vir die studie van polimere op molekulêrevlak agv die sensitiwiteit van die metode vir mikrostrukturele veranderings in die polimeermatriks. Hierdie tegniek verskaf unieke, maar beperkte, inligting aangaande die vastetoestandstruktuur – veral aangaande die aard van die vryevolume (of onbesette spasie) in die polimeer as gevolg van die minder digte verpakking van polimeerkettings relatief tot in ander vastestowwe. In die geval van volledig homogene polimeriese materiale is die meet en interpretasie van die positronvernietigingsparameters relatief eenvoudig. Maar in die geval van polimere met meer komplekse morfologieë is die situasie minder duidelik. Die rede hiervoor is die moontlikheid vir die formasie, lokalisering en gevolglike vernietiging van o-Ps (orto-positronium) in die verskillende areas van die komplekse morfologie. Dit kan tot gevolg hê dat meer as een o-Ps komponent teenwoordig is en waar elk van die verskillende komponente ooreenstem met areas met verskillende tipes en hoeveelhede 'oop spasies'. In hierdie studie is ‘n sistematiese, in-diepte benadering gebruik om die positronvernietigingsparameters in verskeie semikristallyne polimere te bestudeer en hulle te korreleer met dié van die kettingstruktuur en die morfologieë van die materiale. Hierdie studie het spesifiek gefokus op poliolefiene aangesien hulle die mees algemene semikristallyne materiale is wat gebruik word en, nog meer belangrik, hulle bied die geleentheid om verskeie komplekse morfologieë te lewer dmv eenvoudige manipulasie van die kettingstrukture – terwyl daar basies geen verandering in die chemiesesamestelling van die materiale is nie. Die kopolimere is gekies om die invloed van kort-ketting vertakking (lengte en hoeveelheid), kort-ketting vertakking verspreiding en taktisiteit op die morfologie en vervolgens die positronvernietigingsleeftyd parameters te bestudeer. Drie onderwerpe is aangespreek. Eerstens, preparatiewe temperatuurstygingelueringsfraksionering (prep-TREF) is gebruik om polimeermonsters wat homogeenkristalliseerbaar is te isoleer om sodoende 'n reeks polimere met verskillende kettingstrukture, en gevolglike morfologieë, te lewer. Tweedens, 'n addisionele reekse monsters is berei deur die verwydering van spesifieke kristalliseerbare fraksies vanaf die grootmaatmonsters. Derdens, die temperatuurverandering van die monsters wanneer die monsters naby aan die kristallyne smeltpunt is en wanneer hulle deur die kristallyne smeltpunt gaan is bestudeer. Daar is bevind dat alle rou positrondata ten beste gepas het in 'n vier-komponent positronvernietigingsleeftydanalise. Die langste leeftyd (wat toegeskryf is aan vernietiging van o-Ps in die amorfe fase van die materiaal) het sistematiese variasies getoon met die volgende: hoeveelheid en aard van die kort-kettingvertaking, verandering in taktisiteit, 'n kombinasie van beide kort-kettingvertakking en taktisiteit en veranderings in die amorfiesefase as gevolg van verhitting. Die derde leeftyd komponent (wat toegeskryf is aan die o-Ps vernietiging in of rondom die kristallyne areas van die materiale) het minder variasie in hierdie reeks monsters getoon. Daar is tipies meer variasie waargeneem in die propileenkopolimere as in die etileenkopolimere, wat ’n weerspieëling is van die meer komplekse kettingstruktuur en ooreenstemmende morfologie in die propileenkopolomeerreeks. Direkte bewys vir 'n bydrag van die aard van die amorfe fase tot die grootmaat mikrohardheid van monsters is ook bevind.
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JÃnior, Diniz Maciel de Sena. "Vibrational and Thermal Properties of Crystalline Topiramate." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1372.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
The scientific interest on molecular crystals stems from their great versatility and ease of processing. For pharmaceutically active ingredients, the structure-activity relationship is of major importance. Topiramate, a white and crystalline solid, is a powerful drug efficiently employed to control epilepsy symptoms. The mechanism of action involves a negative modulatory effect on the AMPA/kainate subtypes of glutamate receptors and some types of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, and a positive modulatory effect on some types of GABAA receptors and at least one type of K+ channels in neurons. Despite its pharmacological attributes, the lack of publications regarding its physical-chemical properties in the literature is apparent. In order to fill this gap, a research comprising vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Raman and infrared), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA/DSC), and theoretical calculations, was carried out. With the aid of calculations employing density functional theory (DFT), most of the observed vibrational bands is assigned. Consideration of Raman spectra recorded at temperatures above and below room temperature, as well as under high hydrostatic pressures, indicated maintenance of the orthorhombic crystalline structure under the diverse thermodynamic conditions employed. Thermal analysis, however, showed that, after the melting point, the sample undergoes decomposition in a process comprising three stages, possibly initiated with loss of the sulfamate group by the molecule. This event inspired a theoretical study aimed at promoting the sulfamate group bond breakage in a controlled way by employing a laser instead of heat. This was accomplished by quantum dynamics simulations which showed that, by using a set of ultrashort pulses in the infrared region, it is possible to reach levels close to 70 % dissociation in less than 3 ps.
O interesse cientÃfico pelos cristais moleculares resulta da facilidade de processamento destes materiais, e de sua grande versatilidade. No caso de drogas, a relaÃÃo entre estrutura e atividade à de suma importÃncia. Topiramato, um sÃlido branco e cristalino, à um fÃrmaco utilizado com bastante eficiÃncia para controlar os sintomas da epilepsia. O mecanismo de aÃÃo envolve um efeito modulatÃrio negativo nos receptores de glutamato do subtipo AMPA/kainato e alguns tipos de canais de Na+ e Ca2+ voltagem-dependentes, bem como um efeito modulatÃrio positivo em alguns tipos de receptores GABAA e pelo menos um tipo de canal de K+ nos neurÃnios. A despeito de suas qualidades farmacolÃgicas, a escassez de trabalhos relacionados Ãs suas propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas na literatura à evidente. Para ajudar a preencher esta lacuna, uma investigaÃÃo envolvendo tÃcnicas de espectroscopia vibracional (Raman e infravermelho), anÃlises tÃrmicas (TGA/DTA/DSC), e cÃlculos teÃricos, foi realizada. Com a ajuda de cÃlculos empregando a teoria do funcional de densidade (DFT), a atribuiÃÃo da maioria das bandas vibracionais observadas foi realizada. A observaÃÃo dos espectros Raman obtidos em temperaturas acima e abaixo da ambiente, bem como sob altas pressÃes hidrostÃticas, indicou que a estrutura cristalina ortorrÃmbica à mantida nas diferentes condiÃÃes termodinÃmicas empregadas. A anÃlise tÃrmica, entretanto, mostrou que, apÃs a fusÃo, o material sofre decomposiÃÃo em um processo que envolve trÃs etapas, possivelmente iniciado com a perda do grupo sulfamato pela molÃcula. Este fato motivou um estudo teÃrico a fim de modelar a quebra da ligaÃÃo do sulfamato de maneira controlada, utilizando um laser em lugar de calor. Isto foi realizado com simulaÃÃes de dinÃmica quÃntica, que mostraram que, atravÃs da utilizaÃÃo de uma combinaÃÃo de pulsos ultracurtos na regiÃo do infravermelho, à possÃvel atingir nÃveis prÃximos a 70% de dissociaÃÃo em menos de 3 ps.
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Watson, Greg. "Spectral properties of periodically modulated systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302889.

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Books on the topic "Crystalline properties"

1

Basu, Sukumar. Crystalline silicon: Properties and uses. Rijeka: InTech, 2011.

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Novoa, Juan J., Dario Braga, and Lia Addadi, eds. Engineering of Crystalline Materials Properties. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6823-2.

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Bushby, Richard J. Liquid Crystalline Semiconductors: Materials, properties and applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Adachi, Sadao. Optical Properties of Crystalline and Amorphous Semiconductors. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5241-3.

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Finite plastic deformation of crystalline solids. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Cristian, Teodosiu, ed. Large plastic deformation of crystalline aggregates. Wien: Springer, 1997.

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Adachi, Sadao. Optical properties of crystalline and amorphous semiconductors: Materials and fundamental principles. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Thermodynamics of Crystalline States. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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Adachi, Sadao. Optical constants of crystalline and amorphous semiconductors: Numerical data and graphical information. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Adachi, Sadao. Optical constants of crystalline and amorphous semiconductors: Numerical data and graphical information. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crystalline properties"

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Sirdeshmukh, Dinker B., Lalitha Sirdeshmukh, and K. G. Subhadra. "Other Crystalline Forms." In Atomistic Properties of Solids, 561–609. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19971-4_16.

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Mclntyre, J. E. "Liquid crystalline polymers." In Structure and Properties of Oriented Polymers, 447–514. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5844-2_10.

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Razeghi, Manijeh. "Crystalline Properties of Solids." In Fundamentals of Solid State Engineering, 51–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75708-7_3.

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O’Neill, Mary, and Stephen M. Kelly. "Optical Properties of Light-Emitting Liquid Crystals." In Liquid Crystalline Semiconductors, 173–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2873-0_6.

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Sandhya, K. Y., A. Saritha, and Kuruvilla Joseph. "Liquid Crystalline Polymers from Renewable Resources: Synthesis and Properties." In Liquid Crystalline Polymers, 273–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22894-5_9.

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Godovsky, Yuli K. "Thermomechanics of Glassy and Crystalline Polymers." In Thermophysical Properties of Polymers, 127–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51670-2_5.

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Martinoty, Philippe. "Selected Mechanical Properties of Uniaxial Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Elastomers." In Liquid Crystalline Polymers, 41–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20270-9_3.

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Pearton, Stephen J., James W. Corbett, and Michael Stavola. "Hydrogen and the Mechanical Properties of Semiconductors." In Hydrogen in Crystalline Semiconductors, 319–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84778-3_12.

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Pals, J. A. "Basic Properties in Semiconductor Devices." In Crystalline Semiconducting Materials and Devices, 507–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9900-2_13.

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Pieper, T., and H. G. Kilian. "Packing of chain segments: A method for describing X-ray patterns of crystalline, liquid crystalline and non-crystalline polymers." In Structure in Polymers with Special Properties, 49–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56579-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crystalline properties"

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Mathew, Philip, Sheelakumari Isac, Rosalin Abraham, Jayakumari Isac, P. Predeep, S. Prasanth, and A. S. Prasad. "Synthesis of Micro∕Nano Crystalline Ceramics." In THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AND DEVICES: IVth National Conference on Thermophysical Properties - NCTP'07. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2927534.

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Das, Pranab Kumar, and A. Thamizhavel. "Magnetic Properties of Single Crystalline CeMg12." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES2013). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.3.011005.

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Hutchins, Michael G., A. John Topping, N. S. Butt, Dawn Jeffrey, Ian D. Brotherston, Paul E. Y. Milne, Jose M. Gallego, and John R. Owen. "Optical properties of crystalline tungsten oxide." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Keith L. Lewis and Klaus Meerholz. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.406483.

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JUNG, M. H., N. HARRISON, A. H. LACERDA, P. G. PAGLIUSO, J. L. SARRAO, and J. D. THOMPSON. "ANISOTROPIC PROPERTIES OF SINGLE-CRYSTALLINE CeNiGe2." In Physical Phenomena at High Magnetic Fields - IV. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777805_0035.

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Yu, Yanlei, Makoto Nakano, and Tomiki Ikeda. "Liquid-crystalline elastomers with photomechanical properties." In Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, edited by Iam-Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.562627.

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Chiang, Wen C., Ging-Ho Hsiue, Jang-Jeng Liang, and Ping-Ou Chen. "Properties of side-chain liquid-crystalline polymethylsiloxane." In International Symposium on Optoelectronics in Computers, Communications, and Control, edited by Shu-Hsia Chen and Shin-Tson Wu. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.131326.

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Kurilkina, Svetlana N., and Alexander L. Zykov. "Electro-optical properties of multilayer crystalline heterostructures." In Optics of Crystals, edited by Vasiliy V. Shepelevich and N. N. Egorov. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.418875.

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Tang, Ben Z., Jacky W. Lam, Xiangxing Kong, Fouad Salhi, Kevin K. Cheuk, HoiSing Kwok, Yuanming Huang, and Weikun Ge. "Liquid crystalline polyacetylenes with tunable luminescent properties." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Iam-Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.405325.

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Yuan, Yifang, Baoxue Chen, Shaofeng Qiu, and Lin Chen. "Polarization properties of AlN single crystalline film." In 4th International Conference on Thin Film Physics and Applications, edited by Junhao Chu, Pulin Liu, and Yong Chang. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.408378.

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Goc, F., Wojciech Kuczynski, J. Malecki, Roman S. Dabrowski, and Jerzy Hoffmann. "Dielectric properties of antiferroelectric liquid-crystalline mixtures." In International Conference on Dielectric and Related Phenomena '98, edited by Andrzej Wlochowicz. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.373703.

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Reports on the topic "Crystalline properties"

1

Ryerson, Charles C., and Anthony J. Gow. Ship Superstructure Icing: Crystalline and Physical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada381910.

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Mandelkern, Leo. Mechanical Properties and Reliability of Semi-Crystalline Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada271591.

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Dong, W., A. N. Mansour, and B. Dunn. Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Amorphous and Crystalline Molybdenum Oxide Aerogels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389738.

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Patel, J. R. Microstructure and Pinning Properties of Hexagonal Disc Shaped Single Crystalline MgB2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813043.

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Wei, J., X. P. Li, and A. Sessler. Crystalline beam properties as predicted for the storage rings ASTRID and TSR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/61203.

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Courtney, T. H. Structure, Properties, and Processing of Two-Phase Crystalline-Amorphous W-Based Alloys. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384294.

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Miller, J. E., and N. E. Brown. Development and properties of crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion exchangers for radioactive waste applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/469131.

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Barnes, Eftihia, Jennifer Jefcoat, Erik Alberts, Hannah Peel, L. Mimum, J, Buchanan, Xin Guan, et al. Synthesis and characterization of biological nanomaterial/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42132.

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The properties of composite materials are strongly influenced by both the physical and chemical properties of their individual constituents, as well as the interactions between them. For nanocomposites, the incorporation of nano-sized dopants inside a host material matrix can lead to significant improvements in mechanical strength, toughness, thermal or electrical conductivity, etc. In this work, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils on the structure and mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibril poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films was investigated. Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic polymers with superior mechanical properties and readily functionalized surfaces. Under the current processing conditions, cellulose nanofibrils, as-received and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidized, alter the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the composite films while not inducing a crystalline phase transformation on the 𝛾 phase PVDF composites. Composite films obtained from hydrated cellulose nanofibrils remain in a majority 𝛾 phase, but also exhibit a small, yet detectable fraction of 𝛼 and ß PVDF phases.
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Johnson, B. Mechanical and transport properties of rocks at high temperatures and pressures. Task II. Fracture permeability of crystalline rocks as a function of temperature, pressure, and hydrothermal alteration. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6252349.

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