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Journal articles on the topic 'Crystalline mixtures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Urbańska, Magdalena, and Dorota Dardas. "Properties of Antiferroelectric Mixtures Differing in the Amount of Added Racemate." Crystals 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14020147.

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Novel three-component liquid crystalline mixtures composed of chiral and achiral (racemic) liquid crystalline materials were designed and studied by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The compositions of liquid crystalline mixtures were developed based on the composition of a two-component (binary) mixture marked as W-1000 with the following phase sequence: Cr ↔ SmCA* ↔ SmC* ↔ SmA* ↔ Iso. This mixture has an antiferroelectric (SmCA*) phase over a wide temperature range and exhibits a helical pitch inversion in this phase. All newly obtained mixtures occur in a wide temperature range of the SmCA* phase, while the ferroelectric (SmC*) phase and the orthogonal (SmA*) phase occur in a narrow temperature range. The new mixtures also have a very long helical pitch in the antiferroelectric phase and a short helical pitch in the ferroelectric phase.

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2

Maïssa, P., and P. Sixou. "Mixtures of liquid-crystalline polymers." Liquid Crystals 5, no. 6 (December 1989): 1861–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678298908045694.

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3

Kapanowski, A., and K. Sokalski. "Elastic Constants of Binary Liquid Crystalline Mixtures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 53, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 963–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1998-1207.

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Abstract Microscopic expressions for the elastic constants of binary liquid crystalline mixtures composed of short rigid uniaxial molecules are derived in the thermodynamic limit at small distorsions and a small density. Uniaxial and biaxial nematic phases are considered. The expressions involve the one-particle distribution functions and the potential energy of two-body short-range interactions. The theory is used to calculate the phase diagram of a mixture of rigid prolate and oblate molecules. The concentration dependence of the order parameters and the elastic constants are obtained. The possibility of phase separation is not investigated.

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4

Matsuda, Hiromitsu, and Hatsuo Kimura. "MOLECULAR THEORY ON LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MIXTURES." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 413, no. 1 (January 2004): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400490436700.

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5

Yamada, Taro, Seiya Kobatake, and Masahiro Irie. "Single-Crystalline Photochromism of Diarylethene Mixtures." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 75, no. 1 (January 2002): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.75.167.

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6

Shibaev, Peter V., Sune L. Jensen, Peter Andersen, Kjeld Schaumburg, and V. Plaksin. "Multicomponent Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystalline Mixtures." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2001): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20010401)22:7<493::aid-marc493>3.0.co;2-s.

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7

Jo, Minki, Yunjae Jang, Eunhye Lee, Sooan Shin, and Ho-Jong Kang. "The Modification of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) by Melt Blending." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091725.

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Crystalline and noncrystalline poly(3-hyroxybutylate-co-4-hyroxybutylate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) were melt blended to obtain mixtures of P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers. The mixtures and P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers of different 4HB contents were compared to study the effect of 4HB content on the properties of the copolymers and mixtures. P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymer mixtures, having various 4HB content, have been successfully made by melt blending instead of bacterial biosynthesis. In the case of copolymers, they were noncrystalline when the 4HB content was over 16%, while the P(3HB-co-4HB) mixtures at the same 4HB content were crystalline. The mixtures had a higher glass transition temperature, suggesting that their chain mobility is relatively low compared with the copolymer having the same 4HB content. Due to this effect, the mixture is expected to have a higher melt viscosity and a lower loss tangent to exhibit better melt processing properties. The mechanical properties of the mixtures show a similar behavior to the copolymers in that the tensile strength and the modulus decreases and elongation at the break increases with an increase in the 4HB content.

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8

Sopicka-Lizer, Malgorzata, Marta Tańcula, Tomasz Pawlik, V. Kochnev, and E. Fokina. "The New Top-To-Bottom Method of SiAlON Precursor Preparation by Activation in a Planetary Mill with a High Acceleration." Materials Science Forum 554 (August 2007): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.554.59.

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Nano-structured β-sialon precursor powders were obtained as a result of milling in a planetary mill with a high acceleration. Various mixtures of initial nitrides/oxides have been prepared as β-sialon precursor with low (0.4-1.0z) substitution and were milled in a planetary mill of acceleration 28g (TTD, Russia) with zirconia or silicon nitride balls for a various times (30-45 min). The resultant powder showed various extents of crystalline lattice deformation: smaller crystallites, dislocations, bumpy surface. The degree of lattice destruction was influenced by the milling time and grinding media, however various mixture components showed diverse susceptibility to deformation.

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9

Pais Alves, Manuel Fellipe R., Claudinei dos Santos, Bruno Xavier de Freitas, Alfeu Saraiva Ramos, Erika Coaglia Trindade Ramos, and Kurt Strecker. "Preparation of TiC/Ti3SiC2 Composite by Sintering Mechanical Alloyed Ti–Si–C Powder Mixtures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17869.

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The present work aims to evaluate the crystalline phases and microstructure of a TiC–Ti3SiC2 ceramic composite, obtained by mechanical alloying of Ti, C and Si powders and subsequent sintering. A mechanical alloying technique in a planetary ball mill for 1, 10, 50, 100 and 200 h using Ti, Si and C powders with molar ratios of 3:1:2 as feedstock in argon (Ar) gas was employed to prepare nano-sized Ti–Si–C powders. TiC crystallite size and lattice strain were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the morphological characteristics and particle size distribution were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). After milling, a reduction of the average particle size and crystallinity is observed. Furthermore, after 10 h of milling time, TiC starts to crystallize. The powder mixture obtained after 200 h of milling was compacted and sintered at 1200 °C under controlled atmosphere, for 15 min, 2 h or 4 h with a heating rate of 5 °C/min. Almost full densification of samples sintered for 2 h and 4 h has been achieved, with relative densities close to 98.8±0.2% and TiC and Ti3SiC2 as crystalline phases with an average crystallite size of TiC near 0.7 μm. Rietveld refinement indicates that the majority TiC-cubic phase (>85 vol%) presents a unit cell volume of 8.03 nm3 after sintering at 1200 °C. Despite the maintenance of the volume of the hexagonal unit cell of Ti3SiC2, (15.05 nm3), the increase of the isothermal sintering time resulted in an increase of the lattice parameter “a”, from 0.315 nm to 0.320 nm, and a reduction of the lattice parameter “c” from 1.750 nm to 1.705 nm. The control of the changes in the residual stresses within the TiC matrix and the Ti3SiC2 precipitates, which is associated with the deformation in the lattice parameters, must be controlled to achieve high fracture toughness in the composite.

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10

Nishimura, Toshiyuki, Mamoru Mitomo, and Hisayuki Suematsu. "High temperature strength of silicon nitride ceramics with ytterbium silicon oxynitride." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 1 (January 1997): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0027.

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Silicon nitride ceramics with ytterbium silicon oxynitride (Yb4Si2O7N2) as secondary phase were fabricated by hot-pressing the powder mixtures, including 50.0 to 97.0 mol% of silicon nitride with a mixture of Yb2O3 and SiO2 (Yb2O3/SiO2 = 4). Sinterability of the materials with Yb2O3 was higher than that with Y2O3 in the same composition of raw powder mixtures. High density materials were obtained under the condition of 50.0 to 89.1 mol% of silicon nitride in raw powder mixtures. Mechanical properties of silicon nitride containing 97.6 mol% of Si3N4 and 2.4 mol% of Yb4Si2O7N2 were measured. Fracture toughness measured by the indentation technique was 5.9 MPam1/2. Bending strength at room temperature and at 1500 °C was 977 MPa and 484 MPa, respectively. The silicon nitride grains consisted of highly elongated rod-like grains and thin needle-like grains. The Yb4Si2O7N2 grains were crystallized at multigrain junctions and bonded close to Si3N4 grains. High strength at high temperature is supposed to be based on the presence of crystalline Yb4Si2O7N2 having a high melting point.

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11

Tang, Xiaoyan, Andrea H. Westlie, Eli M. Watson, and Eugene Y. X. Chen. "Stereosequenced crystalline polyhydroxyalkanoates from diastereomeric monomer mixtures." Science 366, no. 6466 (November 7, 2019): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax8466.

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Stereoselective polymerization of chiral or prochiral monomers is a powerful method to produce high-performance stereoregular crystalline polymeric materials. However, for monomers with two stereogenic centers, it is generally necessary to separate diastereomers before polymerization, resulting in substantial material loss and added energy cost associated with the separation and purification process. Here we report a diastereoselective polymerization methodology enabled by catalysts that directly polymerize mixtures of eight-membered diolide (8DL) monomers with varying starting ratios of chiral racemic (rac) and achiral meso diastereomers into stereosequenced crystalline polyhydroxyalkanoates with isotactic and syndiotactic stereodiblock or stereotapered block microstructures. These polymers show enhanced ductility and toughness relative to polymers of pure rac-8DL, subject to tuning by variation of the diastereomeric ratio and structure of the 8DL monomers.

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12

KUCZYN´SKI, W., and F. GOC. "Metastable states in antiferroelectric liquid crystalline mixtures." Liquid Crystals 30, no. 6 (June 2003): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267829031000111423.

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13

Raszewski, Zbigniew. "Dielectric studies of binary liquid-crystalline mixtures." Liquid Crystals 3, no. 3 (March 1988): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678298808086377.

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14

Hoyt, Andrea E., and Samuel J. Huang. "Binary Mixtures of Liquid Crystalline Ester Bismaleimides." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 32, no. 11 (November 1995): 1931–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601329508009371.

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15

Bubnov, A., Věra Hamplová, M. Kašpar, Anikó Vajda, Maja Stojanović, Dusanka Ž. Obadović, N. Éber, and Katalin Fodor-Csorba. "Thermal analysis of binary liquid crystalline mixtures." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 90, no. 2 (April 29, 2007): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-006-7913-7.

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16

HELENE, P., G. GUIGNONE, G. VIEIRA, L. RONCETTI, and F. MORONI. "Evaluation of the chloride penetration and service life of self-healing concretes activated by crystalline catalyst." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 11, no. 3 (May 2018): 544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952018000300007.

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Abstract The main cause of concrete structures deterioration is related to the resistance against the penetration of aggressive agents. Aiming at increase the impermeability and reduce the diffusivity of concrete elements, making it less susceptible to the ingress of chloride ions, the use of crystalline catalyst emerges as a good alternative. Its mechanism of autogenous healing enhances the natural pore-filling process of concrete. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the use of crystalline catalyst on the chloride ions penetration and service life prediction of concrete. For the concrete mixtures production, it was used blast-furnace slag blended cement, three different water/cement (w/c) ratios (0.45; 0.55; 0.65), with and without crystalline catalyst, totaling six different mixtures. The concrete specimens were cured in a moist chamber and tested at 28 and 91 days. It was performed tests of compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability (ASTM C1202:12), and silver nitrate colorimetric indicator. The results show that, compared to the reference mixture, the use of crystalline catalyst conserved the compressive strength and reduced the chloride ions penetration up to 30%, increasing service life up to 34%.

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17

Sideris, Kosmas K., A. Chatzopoulos, Ch Tassos, and P. Manita. "Durability of concretes prepared with crystalline admixtures." MATEC Web of Conferences 289 (2019): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928909003.

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The objective of this work was to study the influence of crystalline admixtures on the durability of concrete. Four concrete mixtures – two reference concretes and two alternative mixtures-were produced during the first phase of the research. Influence of curing on the activation of the crystals was investigated on concrete slab specimens. The properties measured were the compressive strength and different durability indicators. The results revealed that crystalline admixtures enhanced the strength and the durability of the alternative mixtures.

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18

Muccillo, R., L. Franchi, J. T. Santos, I. C. Cosentino, and E. N. S. Muccillo. "Phase Amorphization during High-Energy Milling of Mixtures of Zirconia with Yttria or Ceria Powders." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.331.

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Strontium ferrites powders were obtained by high energy milling process after calcinations of iron oxide and barium carbonate. Phase formations and crystallite size was determined using X-ray diffraction. Morphology, particle size and agglomeration stages were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results show particles in the range of 14 to 40 nanometers, large agglomerates and crystalline phases formation.

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19

Καντηράνης, Ν., Α. Στέργιου, Α. Φιλιππίδης, and Α. Δρακούλης. "CALCULATION OF THE PERCENTAGE OF AMORPHOUS MATERIAL USING PXRD PATTERNS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16734.

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Standard mixtures of amorphous material (volcanic glass) and crystalline phase (equally participated montmorillonite, muscovite, heulandite, quartz, and calcite) were prepared at the following weight proportions after weighting: 100-0, 75-25, 50-50, 25-75 and 0-100, respectively. From their XRD patterns and using two different techniques of analysis the percentage of amorphous material was calculated. The pure amorphous and crystalline standard mixtures constituted the mixtures of report. The area of the broad background peak of the amorphous material determined using the analogical technique and its percentage was calculated by comparing the measured area to the area of the 100:0 standard mixture, while with the second technique was appreciated the crystallinity of each standard mixture and from this resulted the percentage of amorphous material. It was found that between the two methods there is a very good identification and their divergence concerning the weighed percentages varied between ±3 wt. %. The percentage proportion of minerals based in the values resulted from the application of mass absorption coefficient is in very good agreement with the weighted proportions. The method of Powder X-Ray Diffraction can constitute a very good tool for the semi-quantitative calculation of the amorphous material contained in a sample.

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20

Miryuk, Olga, Roman Fediuk, and Mugahed Amran. "Foam Glass Crystalline Granular Material from a Polymineral Raw Mix." Crystals 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121447.

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The article is devoted to the development of resource-saving technology of porous granular materials for energy-efficient construction. The relevance of the work for international research is to emphasize expanding the raw material base of porous lightweight concrete aggregates at the expense of technogenic and substandard materials. The work aims to study the processes of porization of glass crystalline granules from polymineral raw materials mixtures. The novelty of the work lies in the establishment of regularities of thermal foaming of glass crystalline granules when using waste of magnetic separation of skarn-magnetite (WMS) ores and lignite clay. Studies of liquid glass mixtures with various mineral fillers revealed the possibility of the formation of a porous structure with the participation of opoka, WMS and lignite clay. This is due to the presence in the materials of substances that exhibit thermal activity with the release of a gas phase. The foaming efficiency of the investigated materials increases when combined with glass breakage. The addition of WMS and lignite clay to the glass mixture increases the pore size in comparison with foam glass. The influence of the composition of raw mixtures on the molding and stability of granules is determined. The addition of sodium carbonate helps to strengthen the raw granules and reduce the softening temperature of the mass. The composition of the molding mixture of glass breakage, liquid glass and a multicomponent additive is developed, which provides an improvement in the molding properties of the glass mass, foaming of granules at a temperature of 750 °C. Foam glass crystalline granules have polymodal porosity, characterized by a density of 330–350 kg/m3, a compressive strength of 3.2–3.7 MPa, and a thermal conductivity of 0.057–0.061 W/(m·°C). Accordingly, the developed granules have a high potential use in structural and heat-insulating concretes.

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21

Pandey, Anuja, Bhabagrahi Rath, and Anil Kumar Dwivedi. "Dissolution rate and bioavailability enhancement of co-ground mixtures of paliperidone, with different hydrophilic carriers." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2, no. 3 (February 4, 2013): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13632.

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Co-ground mixtures of poorly water soluble drug Paliperidone (PAL) with different hydrophilic carriers [Polyvinylpyrrolidine (Plasdone K-25 and Plasdone S-630), Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and Sodium alginate were prepared to improve the dissolution rate of PAL. Co-grinding with PVP, especially with PVP- S630 (Vinyl pyrrolidone/ vinyl acetate co-polymer), was more effective in reduction of particle size than milling of drug alone. DSC studies indicated that crystalline nature of drug was reduced after co-grinding with PVP grades as compared to their corresponding physical mixtures. The hydrophilic carriers other than PVP did not reduce the crystalline nature of the drug significantly. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out for selected batches to confirm DSC results. Significant enhancement in dissolution rate as well as extent was observed with co-ground mixtures of drug and PVP. Among all the prepared batches in this study, co-ground mixture of PAL and Plasdone S-630 in 1:1 ratio showed best results in terms of extent of dissolution as well as dissolution rate in water. This effect was not only due to particle size reduction, but also loss of crystalline nature of the drug during co-grinding. PVP was found to be a better carrier among the different hydrophilic carriers used in the study for improving the dissolution characteristics of PAL. The extent of the mean plasma exposures of PAL was 7-fold higher in animals treated with co-ground mixture of PAL, Plasdone S630 (1:1) compared to animals treated with Pure PAL.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13632 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2013, 2(3): 70-77

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22

Scarlett, Nicola V. Y., and Ian C. Madsen. "Effect of microabsorption on the determination of amorphous content via powder X-ray diffraction." Powder Diffraction 33, no. 1 (March 2018): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715618000052.

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Powder X-ray diffraction has become a routine procedure for the quantification of phases in mixtures. The most common method for this measurement is the Rietveld method, which generally returns the relative weight percentages of the crystalline components within the mixture. However, in many instances, it is also desirable to obtain an estimate of the amorphous content of a sample. There are several methods that may be used for this measurement and their accuracy has been assessed previously with a number of ideal, synthetic mixtures. Many samples, especially in the mineralogy sphere, are far from ideal and contain multiple phases of varying absorption contrast. This creates a microabsorption problem which affects the accuracy of the determination of both the crystalline and amorphous components. This paper assesses commonly used methods of amorphous determination with a series of synthetic samples designed to create a considerable microabsorption problem.

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23

Saravanan, Chinnusamy, Mohan Deepa, Palaninathan Kannan, and Sengodan Senthil. "Donor/Acceptor Interaction-assisted Mesophase Formation in Liquid Crystals Containing Azobenzenes and Their Polymers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0515.

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Azobenzene-based monomers and their polymers containing donor or acceptor groups at terminal positions have been synthesized. The liquid crystalline (LC) mesophase stability of one type of polymer and mixtures of donor or acceptor substituted polymers have been investigated. Mesophase formation and stability of the mixtures were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a hot-stage optical polarizing microscope (HOPM). The mesophase stability of the mixtures was better than those of the individual components. Binary mixture studies of acceptor monomers (a) and donor monomers (d) show that the pure low molecular weight compounds did not form any molecular aggregates and failed to show LC properties, whereas the mixture of donor substituted azobenzene and acceptor substituted azobenzene exhibits LC property. In the case of polymers, the individual acceptors (A) or donors (D) exhibit LC property, and their mixture stabilizes the crystallinity of the mesophase. The results of correlation studies of various proportions of mixtures of a/d and A/D with regard to LC properties and their mesophase stabilities are presented

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24

Alawad, Omer Abdalla, Abdulrahman Alhoziamy, Mohd Saleh Jaafar, Farah Noor Abdul Aziz, and Abdulaziz Al-Negheimish. "Blended Cement Containing High Volume Ground Dune Sand and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag for Autoclave Concrete Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.395.

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This paper presents the results of using ground dune sand (GDS) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (slag) as high volume cement replacement materials. In this study, plain and four blended mixtures were fabricated and cured under normal and autoclave conditions. For the blended mixtures, 40% GDS by weight of the total binder materials and different percentages of slag (15%, 30% and 45%) were incorporated as partial cement replacement materials. The effect of curing conditions (normal and autoclave) on the compressive strength of prepared mixtures was studied. The results showed that, for the autoclave cured mixture, up to 85% of cement can be replaced by GDS and slag without significant drop in the compressive strength. Microstructure analyses using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were carried out to examine the microscale changes of the hydrated mixtures. The SEM revealed the formation of thin plate-like calcium silicate hydrate and compacted microstructure of autoclave cured mixture. XRD showed the elimination of calcium hydroxide and existence of residual crystalline silica of all blended mixtures.

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Dodge, Mohammad Reza, and Charles Rosenblatt. "Interlayer interactions in enantiomeric anticlinic liquid crystalline mixtures." Physical Review E 62, no. 5 (November 1, 2000): 6891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.62.6891.

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Azumi, Reiko, Mutsuyoshi Matsumoto, Takashi Yamada, Hideki Sakai, and Masahiko Abe. "LIQUID CRYSTALLINE BEHAVIORS OF SUBSTITUTED OLIGOTHIOPHENE BINARY MIXTURES." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 406, no. 1 (January 2003): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/744819002.

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Wang, Fei, Dan-Dan Yang, Yi-Yu Liao, Zhong-Jie Ma, Bing Hu, Yan-Qi Wang, Wei-Wei Xiong, and Xiao-Ying Huang. "Synthesizing Crystalline Chalcogenidoarsenates in Thiol–Amine Solvent Mixtures." Inorganic Chemistry 59, no. 4 (January 30, 2020): 2337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03165.

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28

FREEMANTLE, MICHAEL. "Mesoporous conducting films grown from liquid crystalline mixtures." Chemical & Engineering News 75, no. 44 (November 3, 1997): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n044.p008a.

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29

Milinskii, A. Yu. "Dielectric Properties of KNO3–NH4NO3 Crystalline Binary Mixtures." Russian Physics Journal 58, no. 9 (January 2016): 1306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11182-016-0648-4.

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30

Yamada, Taro, Seiya Kobatake, and Masahiro Irie. "ChemInform Abstract: Single-Crystalline Photochromism of Diarylethene Mixtures." ChemInform 33, no. 19 (May 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200219111.

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31

Zaini, Erizal, Rahmi x. Rahmi Nofita, Salman, and Irna Kurniati. "KARAKTERISASI FISIKOKIMIA DAN LAJU DISOLUSI DISPERSI PADAT IBUPROFEN DENGAN PEMBAWA POLIETILENGLIKOL 6000." Jurnal Riset Kimia 4, no. 1 (February 11, 2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v4i1.63.

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Solid dispersions of the antiinflamation drug ibuprofen and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) were prepared by the melting method in order to increase the dissolution rates of this poorly water-soluble compound. The temperature/composition phase diagram of binary system was analyzed by termal analysis hot-stage microscopy, showing an eutectic formation. Polarized light hot stage microscopy and X-ray-powder diffraction confirmed, that solid dispersion technique decrease the crystalliny of ibuprofen after melting and solidifying of a 4/6 (w/w) mixture of ibuprofen and polyethylene glycol 6000 respectively, which the results enhanced dissolution rates compared to the physical mixtures and ibuprofen intact. However, no such chemical interactions in the solid state were confirmed by FTIR spectra which showed the presence of ibuprofen crystalline in solid dispersion.

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32

Prasetyoko, Didik, Zainab Ramli, Salasiah Endud, Halimaton Hamdan, and Bogdan Sulikowski. "SYNTHESIS OF ZEOLITE BETA DIRECTLY FROM RICE HUSK ASH: EFFECT OF REACTION COMPOSITION ON CRYSTALLINITY OF ZEOLITE BETA." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (June 13, 2010): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21765.

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White rice husk ash obtained from complete uncontrolled burning of rice husk contains more than 94% silica. The ash, which consists of crystalline silica of the type tridymite and a-crystobalite, was used directly as a source of silica in the synthesis of zeolite beta. The mole oxide ratio of the initial gel of 1.25-8Na2O: 10-120SiO2: Al2O3: 1-20TEA2O: 150-1000H2O was prepared and heated at 150°C in a static condition for 6 d. The solid phases formed were monitored by XRD technique. Influence of reaction mixture ratio in the initial gel to the crystalline products formed was studied. Results showed that the pure zeolite beta was formed in a certain range of reaction mixture, i.e.: 1.25-4Na2O : 15-45SiO2 : Al2O3 : 4-10TEA2O : 240-480H2O. The other ratio of reaction mixtures produced crystalline phases such as analcime, Na-P, mordenite, and gismondine, and non-reacted of a-crystobalite and tridymite. Keywords: rice husk ash, tridymite, a-crystobalite, zeolite beta, synthesis

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33

Pochivalov, Konstantin V., Andrey V. Basko, Tatyana N. Lebedeva, Anna N. Ilyasova, Georgiy A. Shandryuk, Vyacheslav V. Snegirev, Vladimir V. Artemov, Alexander A. Ezhov, and Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev. "A New Look at the Structure and Thermal Behavior of Polyvinylidene Fluoride–Camphor Mixtures." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 5214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235214.

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An experimental quasi-equilibrium phase diagram of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–camphor mixture is constructed using an original optical method. For the first time, it contains a boundary curve that describes the dependence of camphor solubility in the amorphous regions of PVDF on temperature. It is argued that this diagram cannot be considered a full analogue of the eutectic phase diagrams of two low-molar-mass crystalline substances. The phase diagram is used to interpret the polarized light hot-stage microscopy data on cooling the above mixtures from a homogeneous state to room temperature and scanning electron microscopy data on the morphology of capillary-porous bodies formed upon camphor removal. Based on our calorimetry and X-ray studies, we put in doubt the possibility of incongruent crystalline complex formation between PVDF and camphor previously suggested by Dasgupta et al. (Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5602–5608). We also describe and discuss the high-temperature crystalline structure of racemic camphor, which is not available in the modern literature.

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34

Dipeolu, Oyewole. "STUDY OF PHASES IN CRYSTALLINE SENTENCES." Chemistry & Material Sciences Research Journal 2, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/cmsrj.v2i1.90.

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The objective of the study was to study the phases in the crystalline sentence of calcium molybdate with sodium metafanadat on the basis of phase equilibrium in binary sentence. For this sutyd, different mixtures are prepared based on different molar ratios and investigation is made about these different mixture physical properties. Finally, the study also draw a phase balanced chart for the studied substances. For methodology adopted, nine samples were prepared. The results shows that to form a solid solution as dissolving sodium metafandate in calcium molybdate up to 40% of sodium metafanadate and form a solid solution in this sentence confirms that the necessary conditions to form a soid solution. It is concluded that for difference less than 15%, unlimited solid solution is formed; whereas, for difference above 15%, limited solid solution is formed. Our conclusion also shows that these two elements solubility is limited where one possesses the characteristic of high electronegativity, while, the other possess the characteristic of low electro negativity.

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35

Nepal, Shantiram, Banani Das, Malay Kumar Das, Madhumita Das Sarkar, Magdalena Urbańska, and Michał Czerwiński. "Static Permittivity and Electro-Optical Properties of Bi-Component Orthoconic Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Mixtures Targeted for Polymer Stabilized Sensing Systems." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050956.

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The behavior of two newly formulated bi-component orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystalline (OAFLC) systems, i.e., the Compound A + Compound B mixture system and Compound C + Compound B mixture system has been discussed in light of temperature and concentration dependencies of helical pitch length, spontaneous polarization, relaxation time, bulk viscosity, and the anchoring energy strength coefficient, together with static dielectric permittivity (ε) and dielectric anisotropy. Compound A + Compound B mixtures possess spontaneous polarization between 190–340 nC.cm−2 and fast relaxation times between 190–320 µs in the smectic antiferroelectric SmCA* phase at room temperature. Compound C + Compound B mixtures also have a spontaneous polarization in the range of 190–280 nC.cm−2 and relaxation times in the range of 190–230 µs at room temperature. Most of the mixtures have a helical pitch below one micrometer in the SmCA* phase. These advanced mixtures show a broad temperature range of the antiferroelectric SmCA* phase, fast switching of molecules under an applied electric field, negative dielectric anisotropy and a short helical pitch, confirming the advantage of designing new polymer-stabilized OAFLC that is targeted for novel application in sensing devices, utilizing the fast responsive electro-optical modulation elements.

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36

Okumuş, Mustafa. "Investigation of thermal and optical properties of some quartet mixed hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 29 (November 7, 2017): 1750224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217502241.

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In this study, the thermal and optical properties of quartet mixtures formed at different weight ratios (1:1:1:1 and 1.5:1:1:1) from liquid crystals 4-octyloxy-4[Formula: see text]-cyanobiphenyl (8OCB), 4-hexylbenzoic acid, 4-(octyloxy)benzoic acid and 4-(decyloxy)benzoic acid were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarized optic microscopy (POM). The phase transition temperatures of the novel quartet mixtures measured in the DSC experiments are in line with the POM experiments. The experimental results clearly show that the novel liquid crystal mixtures have displayed pure liquid crystalline properties. According to the phase diagram drawn from DSC results, the nematic range of the novel mixture at the eutectic point is larger than the nematic ranges of the components. The mesomorphic structures of produced homolog complex mixtures are found to be smectic and nematic phases. But the smectic phase cannot be observed in the novel complex 1.5:1:1:1 mixture during continuous cooling. The nematic range of the novel complex 1.5:1:1:1 mixture is bigger than the nematic range of the novel complex 1:1:1:1 mixture with increasing 8OCB. Also, the nematic-to-isotropic phase transition temperature decreases with increasing the weight ratio of 8OCB in the complex quartet mixture. Another interesting result is that the produced mixtures are to be like a medical cream at room temperatures. Furthermore, order parameter and thermal stability factor of the transitions are also calculated.

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37

Kuttich, Björn, Alexander Matt, Christian Appel, and Bernd Stühn. "X-ray scattering study on the crystalline and semi-crystalline structure of water/PEG mixtures in their eutectic phase diagram." Soft Matter 16, no. 45 (2020): 10260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01601b.

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Water/PEG mixtures start to phase separate below the liquidus line. Above the eutectic temperature the solid phase is either pure water ice or semi-crystalline PEG. Below the eutectic line both crystals coexist, no mixed-crystalline phase is found.

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38

Osen, Karen S., Ana Maria Martinez, Sverre Rolseth, Henrik Gudbrandsen, Mari Juel, and Geir Martin Haarberg. "Electrodeposition of Crystalline Silicon Films from Alkali Fluoride Mixtures." ECS Transactions 33, no. 7 (December 17, 2019): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3484801.

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39

Kubono, Atsushi, Kazuki Yoshino, Toshiro Ninomiya, Ryuichi Akiyama, and Katsufumi Tanaka. "Visco-elastic properties of reentrant nematic liquid crystalline mixtures." Liquid Crystals 29, no. 8 (August 2002): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290210148749.

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40

Martynski, Tomasz. "Liquid crystalline binary mixtures at the air–water interface." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 198-200 (February 2002): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00930-x.

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41

Vajda, A., E. Szabó, A. Jákli, L. Bata, and K. Fodor-csorba. "New Ferroelectric Mixtures of Liquid Crystalline α-Halogen Carboxylates." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 339, no. 1 (February 2000): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587250008031035.

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42

Kresse, H., W. Weissflog, C. Nagabhushan, and R. Shashidhar. "Dipole-dipole interactions in swallow-tailed liquid crystalline mixtures." Physica Status Solidi (a) 101, no. 1 (May 16, 1987): K77—K79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211010148.

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43

Fang, Ming Hao, Wei Pan, Zhen Yi Fang, Sui Lin Shi, and Qiang Xu. "Low Temperature Synthesis of Strontium Barium Niobate by Spark Plasma Sintering." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.767.

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Pure Strontium barium niobate, Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN50), was synthesized successfully by spark plasma sintering from two mixtures: SrCO3/BaCO3/Nb2O5 mixtures and the mixtures calcined at 800oC. The phase identification of the SBN crystalline grains was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the formation mechanism was discussion based on the XRD results at various temperatures. They are different when SrCO3/BaCO3/Nb2O5 powder mixtures and the mixtures calcined at 800oC was chosen as the raw materials.

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44

Dahlhoff, Wilhelm V., Karin Radkowski, Ingo Dierking, and Peter Zugenmaier. "Amphiphilic Carbohydrate-Based Mesogens, 12 [1] High-Yield Synthesis of Mesogenic 1-O-Alkanoyl-D/L-Xylitols." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 51, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1996-0903.

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The equilibrium mixture of 1,2:3,4- and 1,3:2,4-di-O-ethylboranediyl-D/L-xylitols 1 and 1′ obtained on reaction of three equivalents of xylitol with two equivalents of triethylboroxin, reacts with alkanoyl chlorides (heptanoyl-dodecanoyl) to give equilibrium mixtures of the O-ethylboranediyl protected l-O-alkanoyl-D.L-xylitols 2,2′ after vacuum distillation. Deprotection of the latter affords the title amphiphilic esters 3 which melt to give the smectic A liquid-crystalline phase.

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45

Giorgetti, G., P. Marescotti, R. Cabella, and G. Lucchetti. "Clay mineral mixtures as alteration products in pillow basalts from the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge: a TEM-AEM study." Clay Minerals 36, no. 1 (March 2001): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985501547367.

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AbstractTransmission electron microscope-analytical electron microscope analyses have been carried out on secondary minerals from pillow basalts with various degrees of alteration from the Juan de Fuca Ridge (ODP Leg 168). The electron microscopic data indicate that the alteration products consist mainly of phyllosilicate mixtures. The least altered sample shows poorly crystalline phyllosilicates occurrring as flakes with 10 Å -spaced lattice fringes. They have compositions of celadonite mixed with smectite and/or Fe oxyhydroxides and Mg-rich smectite. Proceeding towards older, more altered basalts, the alteration products consist of: (1) poorly crystalline celadonite mixtures and Mg-rich smectite; and (2) phyllosilicates with a higher degree of crystallinity, showing lattice fringes with 9.1 Å -spacing and with a talc-like composition. Changes in phyllosilicate association occur as the type of alteration changes from an oxidizing, water-dominated system (occurrence of celadonite mixtures with Fe hydroxides) to a reducing, rock-dominated system (occurrence of Fe-smectite and talc-like mixtures).

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46

Schreyer, Martin, Liangfeng Guo, Martin Tjahjono, and Marc Garland. "Three approaches to total quantitative phase analysis of organic mixtures using an external standard." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 1 (January 11, 2011): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889810053082.

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Three different approaches for a total quantitative phase analysis of organic mixture data were presented and subsequently tested on a set of ten ternary powder mixtures consisting of α-glycine, α-lactose monohydrate and paracetamol form I. In each of these methods, an external standard was used (in the present study, diamond) to determine the diffractometer constant, which was employed to place the crystalline intensities of all other samples on an absolute scale. In Method A, pure component diffractograms were also measured. In Methods B and C, no pure component diffractograms were used. Using Methods A–C, both the absolute crystalline compositions and all the amorphous compositions of the samples were determined. These methods outperform the quantitative phase analysis provided by conventional Rietveld analysis. An average error of less than 0.5 wt% was achieved with the present approaches, whereas the average error from conventional Rietveld analysis wasca1.3 wt%.

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47

Dubtsov, Alexander V., Sergey V. Pasechnik, Dina V. Shmeliova, Ayvr Sh Saidgaziev, Ekaterina Gongadze, Aleš Iglič, and Samo Kralj. "Liquid crystalline droplets in aqueous environments: electrostatic effects." Soft Matter 14, no. 47 (2018): 9619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01529e.

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A spontaneous bipolar-to-radial structural transition within nematic microdroplets is found with systematical changes of electrostatic properties of both liquid crystal mixtures and aqueous environments.

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48

Nono, Maria do Carmo Andrade, Pedro José Castro, Elizete G. L. Rangel, and Sergio Luiz Mineiro. "Influence of TiO₂ Crystalline Structure on Dielectric Resonator Properties from ZnO-Nb₂O₅-TiO₂ Ceramic System for Use in Telecommunications." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.391.

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This paper presents an investigation of the correlation between dielectric properties and microstructure and TiO2 crystalline-phase characteristics (rutile and anatase) in ZnO-TiO2-Nb2O5 system ceramics. Such ceramics were produced from powder mixtures of zinc oxide, niobium oxide and titanium oxide. Powder mixtures were compressed by pressing (100 MPa uniaxial and 300 MPa isostatic) and sintered at 1100, 1200 and 1250 °C. The sintered ceramics were characterized on the crystalline phases, density and microstructure and microwave frequencies. As for the microwave dielectric properties, dielectric constant, quality factor and thermal coefficient in the temperature range from-20 to 50 °C were measured. The results showed that the type of titanium oxide structure (rutile or anatase) causes influence on the type and quantity of crystalline phases in relative density of sintered ceramics and, consequently in their dielectric properties measurements.

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49

Urbańska, Magdalena, and Mateusz Szala. "Synthesis, Mesomorphic Properties and Application of (R,S)-1-Methylpentyl 4′-Hydroxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate Derivatives." Crystals 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121710.

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Thirteen new liquid crystalline racemic mixtures were synthesized and investigated. For these racemic mixtures, the phase sequences and their changes were determined by polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The phase transition temperatures and transition enthalpies were checked by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All new racemates have an anticlinic smectic CA phase in a broad temperature range. Three highly tilted antiferroelectric mixtures were doped with six racemates at a concentration of 20% by weight. The helical pitch of the prepared mixtures was measured by the spectrophotometry method. All doped mixtures have a longer helical pitch than the base mixtures.

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Griffiths, Kieran, Nathan R. Halcovitch, and John M. Griffin. "Crystalline azobenzene composites as photochemical phase-change materials." New Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 9 (2022): 4057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nj00755j.

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