Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cryptosporidium

Academic literature on the topic 'Cryptosporidium'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cryptosporidium"

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Leoni, F., C. Amar, G. Nichols, S. Pedraza-Díaz, and J. McLauchlin. "Genetic analysis of Cryptosporidium from 2414 humans with diarrhoea in England between 1985 and 2000." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46251-0.

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The characterization of Cryptosporidium using DNA extracted from whole faecal samples collected from 2414 humans with diarrhoea in England between 1985 and 2000 where cryptosporidial oocysts were detected using conventional methods is described. Characterization was achieved by PCR/RFLP and DNA sequencing of fragments of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein and the 18S rDNA genes. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 56.1 % of cases, Cryptosporidium hominis in 41.7 % and a mixture of C. parvum and C. hominis in 0.9 %. In the remainder of cases, Cryptosporidium meleagridis (0.9 %), Cryptosporidium felis (0.2 %), Cryptosporidium andersoni (0.1 %), Cryptosporidium canis (0.04 %), Cryptosporidium suis (0.04 %) and the Cryptosporidium cervine type (0.04 %) were detected.
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Rambozzi, Luisa, Arianna Menzano, Alessandro Mannelli, Simona Romano, and Maria Cristina Isaia. "Prevalence of cryptosporidian infection in cats in Turin and analysis of risk factors." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 9, no. 5 (October 2007): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2007.03.005.

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An epidemiological study was carried out to identify factors associated with the risk of cryptosporidian infection in cats. Faecal samples from 200 domestic cats were collected in the small animal clinic at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Turin (north-west Italy). The faecal samples were analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium species oocysts using a centrifugation concentration floatation method. For each cat, age, sex, breed, indoor/outdoor status, diet, diarrhoea and presence of other enteric parasites were analysed for association with Cryptosporidium species infection. Cryptosporidia oocysts were identified in 49 cats (24.5%) aged from 2 months to 18 years. Statistical analysis revealed that four variables are significantly associated with an increased risk of infection: less than 1 year of age ( χ2=6.5, P=0.01), feeding home-cooked diet ( χ2=6.92, P<0.01), presence of diarrhoea ( χ2=4.34, P<0.037), and presence of other enteric parasites ( χ2=10.31, P<0.01). No statistical differences were found for sex ( χ2=1.56, P=0.21), breed ( χ2=0.78, P=0.38) and outdoor/indoor status ( χ2=1.49, P=0.22). Cryptosporidium species was the parasite most frequently detected in the cats surveyed.
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Starikova, Elena G., Natalia I. Schubina, Olga V. Voronkova, Yulia V. Kovshirina, and Nikolai D. Yarovoy. "Prevalence and Clinical Laboratory Features of Cryptosporidiosis in Children under 5 Years of Age: A Cross-Sectional Study of Hospital Cases of Acute Intestinal Infection." Current pediatrics 17, no. 4 (October 5, 2018): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v17i4.1925.

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Background. Cryptosporidium protozoa are the leading causative agent of diarrhea and cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The role of cryptosporidia in the development and course of acute intestinal infections (AII) in children in Russia remains unstudied. Objective. Our aim was to study the prevalence and clinical laboratory features of cryptosporidium-associated aII in children under 5 years of age. Methods. A cross-sectional study (conducted in March-June 2017) included children admitted to hospital with symptoms of AII (fever, loose watery stools, weakness, decreased appetite and/or vomiting) by the ambulance service. On admission, stool samples were collected from all patients. Cryptosporidium oocysts were determined by microscopic examination of faecal smears stained according to Tsil-Nielsen after preliminary concentration by a modified formalin-ether technique. The presence of intestinal pathogens was determined by a bacteriological technique and using a polymerase chain reaction. Results. The study included 107 children with AII (girls — 51%). Cryptosporidia were detected in 28 (26%) patients, in 93% of cases — together with bacterial and/or viral pathogens. The etiological structure of cryptosporidium-associated AII and AII in cryptosporidiosis negative children (n = 79) did not differ. On admission, children with cryptosporidium-associated AII had a higher blood leukocyte count — 13.0_109/L (9.2; 16.0) versus 8.3_109/L (6.1; 11.2) in children without cryptosporidiosis (p < 0.001). It has been also found that antibiotics were more often used in the treatment of children with cryptosporidium-associated AII — in 21 (75%) versus 39 (49%) in the comparison group (p = 0.026). Conclusion. Cryptosporidia are detected in every fourth child with AII under 5 years of age. Patients with cryptosporidia are distinguished by a higher level of blood leukocytes upon admission and a more frequent prescription of antibiotics than in the group of cryptosporidiosis negative patients.
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Souza, M. S. de, B. R. Vieira, H. G. Riva, C. G. Homem, D. C. da Silva, A. A. Nakamura, and M. V. Meireles. "Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. em animais exóticos de companhia no Brasil." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 67, no. 5 (October 2015): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-7468.

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RESUMOA infecção por algumas espécies ou genótipos de Cryptosporidiumrepresenta um risco em potencial para a saúde pública, principalmente por causa de morbidade e mortalidade em crianças de zero a cinco anos de idade e em pacientes imunodeprimidos. Embora existam alguns relatos de infecção por Cryptosporidiumem animais de companhia, sua participação na epidemiologia da criptosporidiose humana é incerta, e a literatura sobre esse tema ainda é bastante escassa. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência e realizar a classificação molecular deCryptosporidiumspp. em amostras fecais de animais exóticos criados como animais de estimação no Brasil. Um total de 386 amostras de seis espécies de animais foi colhido e armazenado em solução de dicromato de potássio 5% a 4°C. Os oocistos foram purificados por centrífugo-sedimentação em água/éter, seguindo-se a extração de DNA genômico e a realização da nestedPCR para amplificação de fragmento parcial do gene da subunidade 18S do rRNA. Positividade para Cryptosporidiumspp. foi observada em 11,40% (44/386) das amostras. O sequenciamento de fragmentos amplificados permitiu a identificação de Cryptosporidium tyzzeri em camundongos,Cryptosporidium murisem camundongos, hamster e chinchila, Cryptosporidium parvumem chinchila, Cryptosporidiumgenótipo hamsterem hamstere Cryptosporidiumsp. em porquinho-da-índia. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que há uma variedade de espécies de Cryptosporidiumpresentes em animais exóticos de companhia no Brasil. Os dados sugerem que esses animais podem participar da epidemiologia da criptosporidiose humana, particularmente por seu estreito convívio.
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Zhou, Ling, Hailu Kassa, Monica L. Tischler, and Lihua Xiao. "Host-Adapted Cryptosporidium spp. in Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (July 2004): 4211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.4211-4215.2004.

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ABSTRACT The prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in the fecal droppings of the free-living waterfowl Canada geese were examined at 13 sites in Ohio and Illinois. On the basis of the analysis of the small-subunit rRNA gene by PCR, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, 49 (23.4%) of 209 fecal specimens collected from 10 sites (76.9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. The following five Cryptosporidium species and genotypes were identified: Cryptosporidium goose genotype I (in 36 specimens), Cryptosporidium goose genotype II (in 9 specimens), Cryptosporidium duck genotype (in 1 specimen), Cryptosporidium parvum (in 4 specimens), and C. hominis (in 2 specimens). Cryptosporidium goose genotype I was the most prevalent parasite and was found at all five Cryptosporidium-positive sites in Ohio and at four of five positive sites in Illinois, followed by Cryptosporidium goose genotype II, which was found at two of five positive sites in Ohio and at four of five positive sites in Illinois. Cryptosporidium goose genotype II was detected for the first time, and it is phylogenetically related to goose genotype I and the duck genotype. All three genotypes have not so far been reported in humans, and their pathogenicity in geese has not been determined. Only 10.2% of the Cryptosporidium-positive specimens had C. parvum and C. hominis. The results of this study indicate that Canada geese might only serve as accidental carriers of cryptosporidia infectious to humans and probably play a minor role in the animal-to-human transmission cycle of the pathogen.
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SILVERLÅS, C., and I. BLANCO-PENEDO. "Cryptosporidium spp. in calves and cows from organic and conventional dairy herds." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 3 (May 8, 2012): 529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000830.

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SUMMARYA cohort study was performed to investigate cryptosporidial prevalence and species distribution in 13 organic and 13 conventional dairy herds. Faecal samples were collected from 221 calves and 259 cows. Management routines were recorded at farm inspection and through a questionnaire. Samples were concentrated using sodium chloride flotation and cryptosporidial oocysts were detected by epifluorescence microscopy. Molecular analysis was used to determine species and subtypes. A multivariable model for factors associated with calves being Cryptosporidium spp. positive was built. Cryptosporidium spp.-positive animals were identified in all herds. Prevalences were similar in organic and conventional calves (44·7% vs. 52·3%), as well as in cows (3·1% vs. 3·8%), P > 0·05. Cryptosporidium bovis, C. ryanae and C. parvum were identified. C. ryanae was identified in a calf younger than the described prepatent period. The multivariable model included four significant variables; calf age, cleanliness of bedding, cleaning routines for group pens and farmers' attitudes towards biosecurity.
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Mansoor, Sadia, Sumaiya Shamsi, Priyanka Shukla, and Shrish Bhatnagar. "Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Utility of Diagnostic Techniques in Immunocompetent Children with Cryptosporidium Diarrhoea." Journal of Medical Sciences and Health 8, no. 3 (December 15, 2022): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.93.

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Purpose: To assess the Clinical and Epidemiological profile of children 6 months to 5 years having Cryptosporidium diarrhoea and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) against modified acid-fast stain technique to detect Cryptosporidium in stool. Materials and Methods: Details of demography, presenting complaints, and detailed examination of children presenting with acute or persistent diarrhoea were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Two Stool samples were collected and examined same day by rapid antigen test and microscopy for presence of antigen or oocyst of cryptosporidium. Results: Out of the total of 280 samples tested, 40 (14.3%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in children presenting with diarrhoea in our study came out to be 14.3%. Fever, vomiting and pain abdomen were the most common presenting complaints. Epidemiological factors like providing clean water, proper feeding and hygiene, and avoidance of overcrowding can help in reducing the burden of Cryptosporidium diarrhoea. Persistent diarrhoea was more common among cryptosporidium positive cases. Rapid detection kits enhance the detection rate and are sensitive as well as specific. It could be utilised as an aid in diagnosis of Cryptosporidium diarrhoea. Conclusion: The study shows that cryptosporidial diarrhoea is not uncommon in immunocompetent children. Improvement in personal hygiene, feeding practices and access to safe and potable water can help in reducing burden of this disease. Antigen detection kits aid in early diagnosis. Keywords: Paediatric cryptosporidiosis, Persistent diarrhoea, Sanitation, RDT in diarrhoea, Abdominal pain
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Graczyk, Thaddeus K., Ronald Fayer, James M. Trout, Earl J. Lewis, C. Austin Farley, Irshad Sulaiman, and Altaf A. Lal. "Giardia sp. Cysts and Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in the Feces of Migratory Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 2736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.7.2736-2738.1998.

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ABSTRACT Fecal droppings of migratory Canada geese, Branta canadensis, collected from nine sites near the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland), were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp. Cryptosporidiumsp. oocysts were found in feces at seven of nine sites, andGiardia cysts were found at all nine sites. The oocysts from three sites were infectious for mice and molecularly identified as the zoonotic genotype of Cryptosporidium parvum. Waterfowl can disseminate infectious C. parvum oocysts in the environment.
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Starikova, E. G., O. V. Voronkova, Yu V. Kovshirina, and N. I. Shubina. "CRYPTOSPORIDIA AND MACROORGANISM: FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 72, no. 6 (November 22, 2017): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn888.

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Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by unicellular parasites belonging to the Cryptosporidium genus. The small intestine is the primary site of localization of infection which predicts the main clinical symptom of the disease — diarrhea. The most important factors influencing Cryptosporidium infection and the course of disease are molecular genetic variability of the parasite, its virulence and infectivity, and viability of the mucosa of the digestive tract and local and systemic immunity of the macroorganism. The immune status of the host plays a key role in determining sensitivity to infection and the severity of the disease. Cryptosporidium infection differs in outcomes: asymptomatic in some patients, acute enteritis accompanied by profuse diarrhea, lesions of internal organs, and fatal outcome in others. Current therapeutic approaches to the treatment of cryptosporidiosis are ineffective. Despite the existence of a large number of drugs with antiparasitic effect, there are no medications with a specific effect on cryptosporidia. Understanding the factors that determine both the pathogenicity of Cryptosporidia and the protective properties of host defense systems will allow developing effective prevention measures and therapeutic interventions of this protozoosis.
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Loureiro, Edvaldo Carlos Brito, Alexandre da Costa Linhares, and Leonardo Mata. "Criptosporidiose em crianças de 1 a 2 anos de idade, com diarréia aguda em Belém, Pará, Brasil." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 84, no. 1 (March 1989): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761989000100021.

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Num período de 12 meses, 201 espécimes fecais de 61 crianças foram examiandos com vista a detecção de Cryptosporidium. Cento e quinze espécimes foram obtidos durante os episódios diarréicos e 86 de crianças sem diarréia (grupo controle). Todos os espécimes fecais foram examinados pelo método de coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Cryptosporidum foi identificado em seis (5,2%) das 115 amostras das crianças com diarréia. Em nenhum dos controles foi obtida a presença desse parasito. O presente estudo sugere que o Cryptosporidium é um agente causal de diarréia auto-limitada em crianças imunocompetentes em Belém, Pará.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cryptosporidium"

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Giles, Michaela. "Host specificity and molecular detection of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433502.

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Benamrouz, Sadia. "Infection par Cryptosporidium spp. du modèle souris SCID traité à la dexaméthasone : caractérisation cellulaire et moléculaire du processus de cancérisation des épithéliums digestifs." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S040/document.

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Au vu des travaux de Certad et de ses collaborateurs, nous savons que Cryptosporidium parvum est également capable d’induire des adénomes avec des néoplasies digestives intraépithéliales de bas grade et de haut grade, ainsi que des adénocarcinomes in situ, chez des souris SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) déficientes en lymphocytes T et B, traitées par la dexaméthasone (SCID-D). De plus, nous savons aussi que Cryptosporidium muris induit une infection chronique mais pas de lésions néoplasiques. C’est pour faire suite à ces observations que nous avons entrepris dans un premier temps de déterminer la dose minimale de Cryptosporidium parvum (souche IOWA d’origine animale) pouvant infecter ce modèle et induire des néoplasies digestives. Nous avons montré qu’une dose très faible de parasites (théoriquement 1 oocyste) est capable d’induire non seulement une infection chronique chez les souris (SCID-D) mais également l’apparition de lésions néoplasiques aussi bien dans la région antropylorique de l’estomac qu’au niveau de la région iléo-caecale et cela dès 45 jours post infection. Nous avons également suivi la progression de ces lésions à la suite d’infection des souris par plusieurs doses de C. parvum (souche IOWA) (théoriquement : 1, 10, 100 et 105 oocystes). Ce travail a également été réalisé après inoculation d’une souche de C. parvum d’origine humaine (isolée à partir d’un patient immunodeprimée soufrant d’une cryptosporidiose grave à la suite d’une noyade). Pour cela, nous avons réalisé un suivi prolongé des animaux (au delà de 84 jours) et des analyses histopathologiques associées à la détection immuno-histochimique de la cytokeratine et de l’alpha actine lisse. Il a été observé, avec toutes les doses et pour les deux souches, aussi bien dans la région antropylorique qu’iléo-caecale des animaux, la présence d’adénomes contenant un grand nombre de parasites. Nous avons noté pour la première fois au niveau de ces lésions néoplasiques la présence d’une desmoplasie et de bourgeons de cellules tumorales envahissant le chorion de la muqueuse. En plus de ces éléments histologiques caractéristiques des adénocarcinomes invasifs, les différentes colorations et marquages ont mis en évidence d’autres signes d’invasion: une membrane basale discontinue, la présence de cellules épithéliales au niveau du stroma et enfin une interruption de la muscularis mucosa, voire une invasion de la musculeuse. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous sommes intéressés aux voies de cancérogénèse impliquées dans le processus d’induction des lésions néoplasiques par C. parvum (IOWA) au niveau de la région iléocæcale. Afin d’initier nos travaux dans cette perspective, nous avons choisi quatre marqueurs impliqués dans les principales voies altérées dans les cancers colorectaux: APC, Beta-catenine, P53 et K-ras. Des études immunohistochimiques ont été réalisées et nous ont permis de noter qu’il y avait une localisation anormale aussi bien de l’APC, que de la Beta-catenine ou de la P53. La Beta-catenine (normalement localisée au niveau de la membrane cellulaire) et la P53 (normalement localisée dans le noyau) s’accumulent dans le cytoplasme alors que le marquage de l’APC dans les cellules néoplasiques diminue, voire même disparait. Le marquage de K-ras, quant à lui, est toujours membranaire comme dans les cellules normales. Tout cela semble indiquer l’implication des voies P53 et Wnt dans le phénomène de cancérogénèse chez notre modèle de souris (SCID-D). Des études visant à rechercher d’autres marqueurs et d’éventuelles mutations des gènes codant ces protéines sont en cours
Certad and col, showed recently that Cryptosporidium parvum is also capable of inducing gastrointestinal adenomas with intraepithelial neoplasia of low and high grade, and adenocarcinomas in situ in SCID mice (Severe Combined immunodeficiency), treated with dexamethasone (SCID-D). In addition, we also know that Cryptosporidium muris induces a chronic infection but no neoplastic lesions.This is why we decided first to determine the minimum dose of C. parvum (IOWA) which can infect and cause digestive neoplasia in this model. This work allowed us to conclude that one oocyst is able to induce in SCID-D mice not only a chronic infection but also the development of neoplastic lesions in both the antropyloric region of the stomach and the ileocecal region at 45 days post infection. We also followed up the progression of these lesions after infection with several doses of C. parvum strain IOWA (theoretically: 1, 10, 100 and 105 oocysts). This work was also performed after inoculation of another strain of different origin isolated from an immunosupressed patient suffering from a severe cryptosporidiosis after a near-drowning). To do this we have achieved: an extended follow-up of animals (over 84 days) and an histopathological analysis based on immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin and alpha smooth actin. For the first time it was noted with all doses and for the two strains, in both the antropyloric and ileocecal region of animals, a patern characteristic of invasif adenocarcinoma: desmoplasia and buds of tumor cells invading the lamina propria. In addition to these histological features, a discontinuous basement membrane, the presence of epithelial cells in the stroma, an interruption of the muscularis mucosa and an invasion of the muscularis were also detected. In the case of the strain of C. parvum of human origin, the adenocarcinoma also invaded the serosa and epithelial cells were observed inside blood vessels (vascular tumor emboli). Lesion’s progression was so fast that after only 60 days post-infection we observed at least, the invasion of the submucosa at ileocecal region. Furthermore, the results of this study showed for the first time the ability of an isolate of C. parvum of human origin to cause chologiocarcinoma in an experimental model. Finally, using an immunohistochemical approach, we explored metabolic pathways involved in the development of C. parvum-induced neoplastic lesions at the ileocecal region. Four markers involved in major pathways altered in colorectal cancer were chosen: APC, beta-catenin, p53 and K-ras. The assesment of tumor marker expression in the ileocaecal area showed an abnormal localization of APC, beta-catenin and p53. Beta-catenin and p53 accumulated in the cytoplasm, while APC labelling decreased or even disappeared. Meanwhile, K-ras was still at membrane level as in normal cells. these results suggest the involvement of p53 and Wnt pathway in the phenomenon of carcinogenesis in our mouse model (SCID-D). Studies to search the implication of other markers and possible mutations of the genes encoding these proteins are underway. In conclusion,, these findings show that different strains of C. parvum including a strain of human origin induce digestif invasive adenocarcinomas whatever the inoculum size administered to SCID-D mice. These results confirm the role of C. parvum in the induction of digestive cancer in immunocompromised hosts. In addition, the pathways involved in the process of carcinogenesis in mice (SCID-D) appeared to be the same as those altered in humans. Moreover, the Wnt signaling pathway in which the actin polymerization and rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are involved is a major event during Cryptosporidium infection and appears to play a role in the carcinogenic process induced by the parasite
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Siddiki, Amam Zonaed. "Proteome analysis of Cryptosporidium." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428228.

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Arrowood, Michael James. "Cryptosporidium: Oocyst production and hybridoma generation for examining colostrum and monoclonal antibody roles in cryptosporidial infections." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184335.

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Techniques for the large-scale isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites, obtained from the feces of experimentally infected Holstein calves, were developed employing discontinuous sucrose gradients and isopycnic Percoll gradients. The three step oocyst recovery method utilized two sequential discontinuous sucrose gradients followed by one Percoll gradient. Recovered oocysts were essentially free of debris and bacteria and represented 34% of the original oocyst suspension. Sporozoites were recovered from excystation mixtures on a single Percoll gradient. Sixty-three percent of the original sporozoites were recovered with 2.2% contamination by intact oocysts and virtually no oocyst walls. Eight anti-oocyst hybridomas were derived from oocyst-immunized mice: five from BALB/c mice and three from RBF/Dn mice. The monoclonal antibody (Mab) OW3 reacted specifically with C. parvum oocysts in immunofluorescent assays (IFA) and was shown to be superior to conventional stains for detecting oocysts in fecal smears from infected individuals. Sixteen anti-sporozoite hybridomas were derived from sporozoite-immunized BALB/c mice. The Mabs appeared to react with cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens by IFA. Two anti-sporozoite Mabs (C8C5, C6B6) reacted with a 20 kDa sporozoite antigen in western blots while the Mab C4A1 reacted with multiple antigens in western blots. These three Mabs (C8C5, C6B6, C4A1) were examined for potential modulation of cryptosporidial infections in vivo by oral Mab administration to oocyst-inoculated neonatal mice. The role for colostrum and breast milk in controlling cryptosporidial infections was examined by immunizing mouse dams and experimentally infecting their neonatal offspring. Colostrum and Mab-treated neonatal mice were sacrificed four days post infection. No difference in infection rates was observed among the treatment groups. Suckling mice treated daily with orally administered mixtures of Mabs (purified or ascitic fluid) showed significantly reduced parasite loads compared to control mice at four days post infection. In vitro cultivation of C. parvum was successful through asexual stages in human fetal lung, bovine turbinate and murine L929 cells. Parasite numbers that developed in the cell cultures varied from infection run to infection run.
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Pollok, Richard. "Cryptosporidium parvum : host-parasite interactions." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402442.

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Buaprathoom, Somporn. "Photonics based cryptosporidium detection systems." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580330.

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Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite causing cryptosporidiosis; a diarrheal disease of varying severity. The infection is transmitted by tiny spores called oocysts resistant to harsh environmental conditions and various disinfectants. Cryptosporidium infection and recovery from the illness is dependent on the body's immune system. It is important to be able to detect these parasites quickly to reduce the risk of infection. Multiple-angle light scattering systems have been developed for detecting cryptosporidium oocysts suspended in water. The proposed systems were set up with a single wavelength (red AlGaInP laser: 658.4 nm) and two wavelength (violet InGaN laser: 405.7 nm and red AlGalnP laser: 658.4 nm) sources. The single wavelength system was developed for measuring particle concentration and particle size and refractive index. It combined multiple-angle scattering detection, to collect angle- resolved scattered intensities from suspensions, and the partial least square regression method (PLS-R) to predict characterizing information of samples under investigation based on calibration models. The calibration models were composed from the calibration data generated from the experiments for particle concentration measurement and according to Mie theory with refraction and transmission corrections included for particles' size and refractive index measurements. The dual wavelength system was set up for particle identification by using relative wavelength scattered intensity as the identifying means. Measurement of particle concentration, size and refractive index by the single multiple angle light scattering system was validated using polystyrene spheres in aqueous suspensions. Applying the systems to cryptosporidium oocyst suspensions, the concentration measurement results had lowest errors from the references 9.5 % at concentration of 2.00x10600cysts/ml in mono-dispersion and 3.6 % at concentration of 7.50x105 oocysts/ml for cryptosporidium and mixed suspensions with polystyrene sphere suspensions. The measured cryptosporidium oocysts' size and refractive index were 4.37 ± 0.16!-Lm and 1.38 ± 0.05 which also had good agreement to the reference value (size: 4.38 ± 0.23 urn, refractive index: 1.37). The dual wavelength multiple-angle light scattering system collected the relative wavelength scattered intensities from suspensions of the cryptosporidium oocysts comparing to polystyrene spheres and E.coli. The relative wavelength multiple-angle scattered intensity of cryptosporidium oocysts suspension showed a characteristic scattering pattern and significantly different pattern from the polystyrene spheres and bacteria E.coli. The results presented in this research have demonstrated that the proposed multiple-angle light scattering systems have the capability to initially detect cryptosporidium oocysts in suspension. These systems could be further developed for online cryptosporidium detection by combination with pattern recognition techniques.
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Silva, Deuvânia Carvalho da [UNESP]. "Avaliação física, epidemiológica e molecular da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em passeriformes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94711.

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Devido à carência de informações relacionadas à epidemiologia da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em passeriformes, neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar a periodicidade da eliminação fecal de oocistos de Cryptosporidium, os sinais clínicos, a presença de mortalidade, e a caracterização molecular desse coccídio. Foram colhidas 480 amostras de fezes, provenientes de 40 aves, sendo 372 amostras de 31 aves adultas e 108 amostras de nove filhotes até 12 semanas de vida, com periodicidade mensal, no período de setembro de 2007 a setembro de 2008, com exceção do mês de abril. As aves estavam alojadas em cinco criatórios, com criação de bicudo (Oryzoborus maximiliani), curió (Oryzoborus angolensis), azulão (Passerina brissonii) e coleira do brejo (Sporophila collaris). As amostras foram conservadas em bicromato de potássio 2,5%, a 4ºC, até o processamento. Os oocistos foram purificados por centrífugo-flutuação em solução de Sheather, seguindo-se a extração do DNA genômico dos oocistos e a classificação molecular, por meio da reação em cadeia de polimerase-nested, para amplificação de fragmentos da subunidade 18S do gene do RNA ribossômico. Eliminação fecal intermitente de Cryptosporidium spp. foi observada em 91 (24,5%) amostras de aves adultas, com maior ocorrência nos períodos que se aproximam dos períodos de muda de penas e de reprodução das aves e em 14 amostras (13%) de aves jovens. O sequenciamento dos fragmentos de DNA amplificados possibilitou a identificação de somente Cryptosporidium galli. Embora em todos os criatórios houvesse aves positivas para C. galli, a presença de morbidade ou mortalidade foi observada em aves de somente um criatório, e estava associada à infecção concomitante com Escherichia coli e Isospora spp..Este é o primeiro relato de infecção por C. galli em P. brissonii, O. maximiliani e S. collaris
Due to the lack of information related to the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in passerine birds, this study aimed to determine the frequency of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, after natural infection, the clinical signs and the presence of mortality, and accomplish its molecular characterization. Four hundred and eighty fecal samples were collected from 40 birds, 372 samples from 31 adult birds and 108 samples from young birds (up to 12 months old), housed in five herds, monthly, from September 2007 to September 2008, with the exception of the April. The birds were originated from flocks were the following species were herd: great-billed seed-finch (Oryzoborus maximiliani), lesser seed-finch (Oryzoborus angolensis), ultramarine grosbeak (Passerina brissonii) and rusty-collared seedeater (Sporophila collaris). The samples were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate 2.5% at 4°C, until processing. The oocysts were purified by centrifugal flotation in Sheather solution, followed by genomic DNA extraction from oocysts and molecular characterization using the nested polymerase chain reaction for amplification of fragments of the 18S subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Intermittent fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. was observed in 91 (24.5%) samples from adult birds, with more frequent in periods approaching the periods of moulting and reproduction of birds and 14 samples (13%) of young birds.The sequencing of the amplified fragments allowed the identification of Cryptosporidium galli. Although all the aviaries had birds positive for C. galli, morbidity or mortality was observed in birds from only one aviary, and was associated to concomitant infection with Escherichia coli and Isospora sp. This is the first report of infection by C. galli in Oryzoborus maximiliani, Passerina brissonii, and Sporophila collaris
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Silva, Deuvânia Carvalho da. "Avaliação física, epidemiológica e molecular da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em passeriformes /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94711.

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Orientador: Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles
Banca: Valéria Marçal Félix de Lima
Banca: Rodrigo Martins Soares
Resumo: Devido à carência de informações relacionadas à epidemiologia da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em passeriformes, neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar a periodicidade da eliminação fecal de oocistos de Cryptosporidium, os sinais clínicos, a presença de mortalidade, e a caracterização molecular desse coccídio. Foram colhidas 480 amostras de fezes, provenientes de 40 aves, sendo 372 amostras de 31 aves adultas e 108 amostras de nove filhotes até 12 semanas de vida, com periodicidade mensal, no período de setembro de 2007 a setembro de 2008, com exceção do mês de abril. As aves estavam alojadas em cinco criatórios, com criação de bicudo (Oryzoborus maximiliani), curió (Oryzoborus angolensis), azulão (Passerina brissonii) e coleira do brejo (Sporophila collaris). As amostras foram conservadas em bicromato de potássio 2,5%, a 4ºC, até o processamento. Os oocistos foram purificados por centrífugo-flutuação em solução de Sheather, seguindo-se a extração do DNA genômico dos oocistos e a classificação molecular, por meio da reação em cadeia de polimerase-nested, para amplificação de fragmentos da subunidade 18S do gene do RNA ribossômico. Eliminação fecal intermitente de Cryptosporidium spp. foi observada em 91 (24,5%) amostras de aves adultas, com maior ocorrência nos períodos que se aproximam dos períodos de muda de penas e de reprodução das aves e em 14 amostras (13%) de aves jovens. O sequenciamento dos fragmentos de DNA amplificados possibilitou a identificação de somente Cryptosporidium galli. Embora em todos os criatórios houvesse aves positivas para C. galli, a presença de morbidade ou mortalidade foi observada em aves de somente um criatório, e estava associada à infecção concomitante com Escherichia coli e Isospora spp..Este é o primeiro relato de infecção por C. galli em P. brissonii, O. maximiliani e S. collaris
Abstract: Due to the lack of information related to the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in passerine birds, this study aimed to determine the frequency of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, after natural infection, the clinical signs and the presence of mortality, and accomplish its molecular characterization. Four hundred and eighty fecal samples were collected from 40 birds, 372 samples from 31 adult birds and 108 samples from young birds (up to 12 months old), housed in five herds, monthly, from September 2007 to September 2008, with the exception of the April. The birds were originated from flocks were the following species were herd: great-billed seed-finch (Oryzoborus maximiliani), lesser seed-finch (Oryzoborus angolensis), ultramarine grosbeak (Passerina brissonii) and rusty-collared seedeater (Sporophila collaris). The samples were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate 2.5% at 4°C, until processing. The oocysts were purified by centrifugal flotation in Sheather solution, followed by genomic DNA extraction from oocysts and molecular characterization using the nested polymerase chain reaction for amplification of fragments of the 18S subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Intermittent fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. was observed in 91 (24.5%) samples from adult birds, with more frequent in periods approaching the periods of moulting and reproduction of birds and 14 samples (13%) of young birds.The sequencing of the amplified fragments allowed the identification of Cryptosporidium galli. Although all the aviaries had birds positive for C. galli, morbidity or mortality was observed in birds from only one aviary, and was associated to concomitant infection with Escherichia coli and Isospora sp. This is the first report of infection by C. galli in Oryzoborus maximiliani, Passerina brissonii, and Sporophila collaris
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Miller, Woutrina Ann. "Cryptosporidium species in coastal California ecosystems /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Ghaffari, Salman. "A genotyping study of Cryptosporidium species." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425447.

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Books on the topic "Cryptosporidium"

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Smith, Mark S., and K. Clive Thompson, eds. Cryptosporidium. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847550668.

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Mead, Jan R., and Michael J. Arrowood, eds. Cryptosporidium. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9748-0.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Veterinary Services. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health. Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 1993.

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R, Fayer, ed. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1997.

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Cacciò, Simone M., and Giovanni Widmer, eds. Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1562-6.

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Widmer, Giovanni, and Simone M. Cacciò. Cryptosporidium: Parasite and disease. Wien: Springer, 2014.

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Frost, Floyd. Two city cryptosporidium study. Denver, Colo: AWWA Research Foundation, 1999.

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Robertson, Lucy J. Cryptosporidium as a Foodborne Pathogen. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9378-5.

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A, Armson, Ryan U. M, and Thompson, R. C. A., 1949-, eds. Cryptosporidium: From molecules to disease. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003.

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Kim, Tong-su. Sikpʻum maegaesŏng sikchungdok chirhwan wŏnchʻung ŭi siltʻae chosa mit kanpʻyŏn chindanpŏp kaebal =: Development of rapid diagnosis and surveillance of food-borne parasite. [Seoul]: Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cryptosporidium"

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Lindsay, David S., and Byron L. Blagburn. "Cryptosporidium." In Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds, 195–203. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813804620.ch10.

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Stark, Damien. "Cryptosporidium." In PCR for Clinical Microbiology, 353–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9039-3_59.

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Ryan, Una, Nawal Hijjawi, and Lihua Xiao. "Cryptosporidium." In Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 551–63. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2019] | Series: Food microbiology series | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22030-52.

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Tomazic, Mariela L., Carlos Garro, and Leonhard Schnittger. "Cryptosporidium." In Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets, 11–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70132-5_2.

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Liu, Dongyou. "Cryptosporidium." In Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 589–97. Boca Raton : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Food microbiology series: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120089-37.

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Xiao, Lihua, and Vitaliano Cama. "Cryptosporidium." In Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 2435–47. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817381.ch142.

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Pinto, Pedro, Cláudia A. Ribeiro, Martin Kváč, and Anastasios D. Tsaousis. "Cryptosporidium." In Lifecycles of Pathogenic Protists in Humans, 331–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80682-8_7.

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Zhu, Guan, and Fengguang Guo. "Cryptosporidium Metabolism." In Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease, 361–79. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1562-6_8.

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Coia, John, and Heather Cubie. "Cryptosporidium species." In The Immunoassay Kit Directory, 695–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0359-3_11.

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Ringelmann, R., and Beate Heym. "Cryptosporidium parvum." In Parasiten des Menschen, 105–6. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85397-5_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cryptosporidium"

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SILVA, SÉRGIO E. LEMOS DA, SAMANTHA CRISTINE BALDUINO, KETHLEN TAINAH XAVIER RIBEIRO, RUTHELE CAMATA MENEZES, MARIA LUíSA MAURICIO FREITAS, and MARIA LUíSA NASCIUTTI MARRA. "CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BOVINE CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO HEALTH-DISEASE PROCESS IN POPULATION." In II South Florida Congress of Health. brazco, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/iisfchv2022.0007.

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Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution, caused by protozoa of the Cryptosporidium genus. In cattle, the main species involved is Cryptosporidium parvum, considered to be an important agent that causes diarrhea in naturally infected neonates, which can lead to death. This article sought to investigate and describe, based on a literature search, aspects related to the epidemiological chain, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prophylaxis of bovine cryptosporidiosis (CB), in order to improve knowledge of the health-disease process in the population. The results showed that the disease is transmitted by the oro-fecal route, through the ingestion of food and water contaminated by sporulated oocysts of the agent. The asymptomatic picture is related to infection of the abomasum by Cryptosporidium andersoni in adult animals and by Cryptosporidium bovis or cervid genotype in weaned calves. Symptomatic symptoms usually appear in calves up to 30 days of age. The morbidity and mortality of the disease are high and low, respectively, affecting mainly lactating animals. It was concluded that investigations related to CB are fundamental to establish the clinical diagnosis and control and prevention measures of the disease.
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S. J. McLaughlin, P. K. Kalita, R. A. Cooke, S. P. Fox, and M. S. Kuhlenschmidt. "Adsorption Kinetics of Cryptosporidium parvum to Soils." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13882.

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Júnior, Benílton Alves Rodrigues, Débora Pereira Gomes Prado, Hanstter Hallison Alves Rezende, and Andressa Rodrigues Lopes. "A DETERMINAÇÃO DE GIARDIA SP. E CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SP. EM ÁGUA E RELEVÂNCIA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1528.

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Introdução: A Giardia spp. é um protozoário que causa infecções intestinais, a giardiose. O parasita é transmitido pela água ou alimentos contaminados, com seu índice de acometimento relacionado a falta de saneamento básico. O Cryptosporidium spp. é o protozoário causador da criptosporidiose, que acomete animais e humanos, sendo que seu principal veículo de transmissão é a água contaminada. Os sintomas dessas parasitoses são diarreia e cólicas abdominais. Menos frequentes são enjoo, vômito, febre e fraqueza. Objetivo: Enunciar metodologias aplicadas na determinação de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras de água e relatar a relevância desta determinação para a saúde humana. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão literária narrativa, no intervalo de tempo de 2011-2021, onde utilizou-se das plataformas online Google Acadêmico e Portal de periódicos CAPES/MEC, com os seguintes descritores: determinação de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp em água e qualidade da água. Resultados e discussão: A análise parasitológica de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. na água destinada ao abastecimento é de grande importância devido aos riscos para saúde pública. A determinação desses parasitas podem ser realizadas em diversas metodologias, sendo mais utilizada mundialmente o método 1623 proposto pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos (USEPA), que inclui fases de concentração, separação imunomagnéticas e microscopia de imunofluorescência. Entretanto, outras metodologias também são utilizadas, como a centrifugação e leitura direta em microscópio de luz, métodos de coloração convencionais, filtração em membrana, raspagem, dissolução e floculação, além de técnicas moleculares, como PCR e Nested-PCR. Sendo que destas metodologias, o método de filtração em membranas apresenta melhor custo-benefício, pois é resistente ao cloro e promove a determinação das espécies parasitarias visto que não é possível realizar tal ação através de metodologias convencionais. Conclusão: As doenças relacionadas à contaminação hídrica é um grande problema de saúde pública no mundo, logo que a má qualidade da água resulta em uma baixa qualidade de vida e a contaminação por Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. um risco a saúde humana, contudo, a determinação precisa de tais parasitas é de uma importância extrema para que haja uma total eliminação na água distribuída à população.
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J. R. Trask, P. K. Kalita, M. S. Kuhlenschmidt, R. D. Smith, and T. L. Funk. "Overland and Near-surface Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.3829.

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Schenal, Diovanna Dara Otovicz. "CRIPTOSPORIDIOSE E PACIENTES IMUNOCOMPROMETIDOS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Parasitologia Humana On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/744.

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Introdução: Cryptosporidium, inicialmente descrito por Tyzzer em 1907, é um parasita do filo Apicomplexa que pertence ao grupo dos protozoários intracelulares. A ingestão de oocistos infectantes provoca infecção por Cryptosporidium e a consequente doença: a Criptosporidiose. Caracterizada por atingir, preferencialmente, o sistema gastrointestinal, manifesta-se por meio de diarreia aquosa, náuseas, dor abdominal e anorexia. A seriedade e a evolução desta doença relacionam-se diretamente com a idade, estado imunológico e nutricional do hospedeiro. Tratando-se de uma parasitose intestinal, a sua ocorrência reflete desigualdades no desenvolvimento socioeconômico das regiões e das diferentes condições de vida da população. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo elucidar o gênero Cryptosporidium, assim como, explicitar oportunista do gênero supracitado e a sua maior gravidade em pacientes imunocomprometidos. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa. Resultados: As alterações provocadas pelo parasitismo do Cryptosporidium nas células epiteliais da mucosa gastrintestinal interferem nos processos digestivos e resultam na síndrome da má absorção. Sua transmissão pode ocorrer de pessoa a pessoa, animal a pessoa, pela água ou alimentos contaminados com oocistos. Em indivíduos imunocompetentes, a doença caracteriza-se por diarreia aquosa e profusa (1 a 3 litros por dia). O quadro clínico é, geralmente, benigno e autolimitante. Em crianças, os sintomas são mais graves e podem ser acompanhados de vômitos e desidratação. Já entre os pacientes imunodeficientes, tais como os portadores de HIV-Aids ou de insuficiência renal crônica, os transplantados e os que fazem quimioterapia contra câncer ou leucemia, os sintomas são crônicos, caracterizando-se por vários meses de diarreia aquosa (3 a 6 litros por dia em média) refratária a qualquer medicação antimicrobiana e acentuada perda de peso. Conclusão: Com base no pressuposto, evidencia-se que a relação entre criptosporidiose e pacientes imonocomprometidos advém da sua maior severidade de sintomas e progressão da doença acometendo, principalmente, pacientes oncológicos, com HIV ou transplantados, bem como, nos idosos e nas crianças. Ademais, a adoção de medidas profiláticas e o controle da doença são imprescindíveis para previr ou evitar os meios de transmissão.
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Buaprathoom, S., S. Pedley, and S. J. Sweeney. "Dual wavelength multiple-angle light scattering system for cryptosporidium detection." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Jürgen Popp, Wolfgang Drexler, Valery V. Tuchin, and Dennis L. Matthews. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.921661.

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USENBAYEV, Altay E., Jumaline AYBECK, Maksat A. BERDIKULOV, Abdin KEMELBEK, Roman M. BISENGALIYEV, Lyudmila A. LIDER, and Asylbek A. ZHANABAYEV. "Cryptosporidium Species of Dairy Cattle in the North Kazakhstan Region." In IV International Scientific and Practical Conference "Modern S&T Equipments and Problems in Agriculture". Sibac, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32743/kuz.mepa.2020.268-278.

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Dyjack, D. T., A. Siggers, and A. Dyjack. "75. Development and Implementation of a Cryptosporidium Risk Communication Program." In AIHce 1998. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2762855.

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Haidar, Rhadi A. "Epidemiology of cryptosporidium parvumin in Basra city, Iraq in 2019." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF ALKAFEEL UNIVERSITY (ISCKU 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0066959.

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Thamer, Mahmoud, Maitham Shanoot, and Wathiq Al-Rmadhan. "The Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in rivers water in Basra Province." In Proceedings of 2nd International Multi-Disciplinary Conference Theme: Integrated Sciences and Technologies, IMDC-IST 2021, 7-9 September 2021, Sakarya, Turkey. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-9-2021.2315643.

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Reports on the topic "Cryptosporidium"

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McAvin, James C., and Carl J. Mason. Pre-Clinical Testing of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Diahhreal Disease Agent Cryptosporidium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada600722.

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Oron, Gideon, Raphi Mandelbaum, Carlos E. Enriquez, Robert Armon, Yoseph Manor, L. Gillerman, A. Alum, and Charles P. Gerba. Optimization of Secondary Wastewater Reuse to Minimize Environmental Risks. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573077.bard.

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The main purpose of the research was to examine approaches and to evaluate methods for minimizing the risks during applying treated domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation. This general purpose consisted of examining under field conditions the possibilities when implementing different application technologies for minimizing health and environmental risks. It was assumed that Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) will provide adequate conditions for safe effluent reuse. Controlled field experiments where conducted in commercial fields to evaluate the alternatives. Main efforts where conducted in Israel in the grape vineyard in Arad heights, in the field crops in Kibbutz Chafets Chaim and in Arizona in fields adjacent to the University campus. The complementary part was to examine the behavior of the various pathogens in the effluent-soil-plant system. The analysis is based on controlled experiments, primarily in greenhouse along with field experiments. Molecular biology methods were used to identify the behavior of the pathogens in the components of the system. The project included as well examining the effluent quality in various sites, primarily those in which treated wastewater is reused for agricultural irrigation. The monitoring included conventional parameters however, also parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The results obtained indicate the prominent advantages of using Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) method for minimizing health and environmental risks during application of secondary effluent. A theoretical model for assessing the risks while applying treated wastewater was completed as well. The management model shows the risks during various scenarios of wastewater quality, application technology and related human exposure.
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