Journal articles: 'Cryonic suspension'

1

Smith, George P., and Clare Hall. "Cryonic Suspension and the Law." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 17, no. 1 (August 1987): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3vap-yjdc-e2qj-bg4e.

Full text

Abstract:

Three central problems which adversely affect the intriguing use, development, and perfection of the cryonic suspension of individuals are analyzed: the extent to which a physician may be guilty of malpractice in assisting with a suspension – owing to present weaknesses in defining death and coordinate criminal liability attaching theretofor murder; the need for a recognition of suspension; and the present effect of the law's anachronistic treatment of estate devolution upon a cryon – or one undergoing suspension. To meet these difficulties, a partnership is proposed between law and medicine which would respond to challenges to this type of new biology in measured anticipation of the future consequences, rather than with a passive spirit of resignation to things to come.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Shoffstall, Grant. "Freeze, Wait, Reanimate: Cryonic Suspension and Science Fiction." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 30, no. 4 (August 2010): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0270467610382704.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Shoffstall, Grant W. "Policing Hybridity." Nova Religio 25, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2021.25.2.87.

Full text

Abstract:

Cryonic suspension (“cryonics”) is the practice of freezing the deceased in hopes that scientists will eventually develop the levels of technology required to facilitate their revival and rejuvenation. By tracing the practice’s ties to transhumanism, this article advances an interpretation of cryonics as a hybrid of religion and technoscience. Scholars have converged on transhumanism’s hybridity; it evinces a transposition of religious themes, e.g., redemption, transcendence, and immortality, into the this-worldly register of technoscience. This hybridity, however, is thoroughly transgressive—it destabilizes the presumptive boundary between “science” and “religion” as purified categories. The practitioners of cryonics inherited this hybridity and, through the act of freezing the deceased, render it concrete. Cryonics destabilizes culturally legitimated definitions of life and death, living and dead, and furthermore comes into conflict with otherwise accepted scientific truths and authorized forms of religiosity. This is all borne out by the fact that cryonics has a tendency to be dually designated, i.e., policed, as both “cult” and “pseudoscience.”

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Chaban, Andriy, Zbigniew Lukasik, Marek Lis, and Andrzej Szafraniec. "Mathematical Modeling of Transient Processes in Magnetic Suspension of Maglev Trains." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 6642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246642.

Full text

Abstract:

On the basis of a generalized interdisciplinary method that consists of a modification of Hamilton–Ostrogradski principle by expanding the Lagrange function with two components that address the functions of dissipation energy and the energy of external conservative forces, a mathematical model is presented of an electromechanical system that consists of the force section of a magneto-levitation non-contact maglev suspension in a prototype traction vehicle. The assumption that magnetic potential hole, generated naturally by means of cryogenic equipment, is present in the levitation suspension, serving to develop the model system. Contrary to other types of magnetic cushion train suspensions, for instance, maglev–Shanghai or Japan–maglev, this suspension does not need a complicated control system, and levitation is possible starting from zero train velocity. As high-temperature superconductivity can be generated, the analysis of levitation systems, including the effect of magnetic potential holes, has become topical. On the basis of the model of a prototype maglev train, dynamic processes are analyzed in the levitation system, including the effect of the magnetic potential hole. A system of ordinary differential equations of the dynamic state is presented in the normal Cauchy form, which allows for their direct integration by both explicit and implicit numerical methods. Here, the results of the computer simulations are shown as figures, which are analyzed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Granata, M., L. Balzarini, J. Degallaix, V. Dolique, R. Flaminio, D. Forest, D. Hofman, et al. "Internal Friction and Young's Modulus Measurements on SiO2 and Ta2O5 Films Done with an Ultra-High Q Silicon-Wafer Suspension." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0060.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In order to study the internal friction of thin films a nodal suspension system called GeNS (Gentle Nodal Suspension) has been developed. The key features of this system are: i) the possibility to use substrates easily available like silicon wafers; ii) extremely low excess losses coming from the suspension system which allows to measure Q factors in excess of 2×108 on 3” diameter wafers; iii) reproducibility of measurements within few percent on mechanical losses and 0.01% on resonant frequencies; iv) absence of clamping; v) the capability to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Measurements at cryogenic temperatures on SiO2 and at room temperature only on Ta2O5 films deposited on silicon are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Garmash, V. F., and V. N. Fenchenko. "Rational choice of suspension for cryogenic installations." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 26, no. 11 (November 1990): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01147811.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Vermilyea, Mark E. "4902995 Cable suspension system for cylindrical cryogenic vessels." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 9, no. 3 (January 1991): IX. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(91)90473-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bala, DA, E. Eraslan, I. Akyazi, EE Ekiz, M. Ozcan, U. Cotelioglu, and M. Arslan. "Freezing and storage of leukodepleted erythrocyte suspensions." Veterinární Medicína 61, No. 8 (March 10, 2017): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/209/2015-vetmed.

Full text

Abstract:

Studies on the frozen storage of human blood products have benefited veterinary transfusion medicine in recent years, but the long-term cryopreservation of canine red blood cells (RBCs) has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Further, no studies are available with respect to the frozen storage of leukocyte-depleted canine red blood cells (LD-RBCs). The objective of the current study was to investigate time-dependent effects of long-term frozen storage on leukocyte-depleted canine RBCs. Twelve healthy adult dogs meeting the criteria for blood transfusion were used in the study. Whole blood samples (450 ± 45 ml) collected from each dog were centrifuged for 5 min at 22 °C and 4200 × g in a cryogenic microcentrifuge and concentrated RBC (pRBC) suspensions were obtained. Leukocyte depletion was achieved by filtration (2.6 log10). Then, the filtrated samples were prewashed three times in 0.9% NaCl solution and were allocated into three subgroups to be evaluated at three different time points (Day 0, Month 4 and Month 6). The samples for cryopreservation were subjected to glycerolisation and then stored at –80 °C for 4- and 6-month periods. At the end of this period pRBC units were thawed by manual agitation in a water bath maintained at 36–38 °C, centrifuged and then washed in a consecutive series of 12%, 1.6% and 0.9% of NaCl + 0.2 dextrose solutions. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), supernatant haemoglobin (SupHb), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) levels, residual glycerol concentrations and haemograms of thawed and deglycerolised pRBC samples were evaluated together with those of Day 0. Sterility tests were performed on all samples for bacterial contamination. No statistically significant differences were noted except for Hct and SupHb levels. No bacterial contamination was noted in any of the samples on the basis of sterility tests. It was found that the described glycerolisation procedure could be a method of choice in the cryopreservation of leukocyte-depleted pRBCs (LD-pRBCs) since no negative effect was observed on the quality of the products and long-term frozen storage did not cause RBC destruction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Suzuki, T., T. Tomaru, N. Sato, T. Haruyama, T. Shintomi, A. Yamamoto, T. Uchiyama, et al. "Application of sapphire bonding for suspension of cryogenic mirrors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 32 (March 2, 2006): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/32/1/046.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Generalov, M. B. "Heterogeneous cryogenic crystallization of suspensions containing carbon nanotubes." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 48, no. 4 (July 2014): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579514030051.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

V., Arun K., and Swetha K. V. "Strain Energy Release Rate in Treated Circumferentially Cracked Spring Steel." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 2, no. 2 (April 2012): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2012040105.

Full text

Abstract:

The suspension system is a prominent piece of material that plays a vital role in the stability of a vehicle. During the service, the suspension system is subjected to different environmental conditions, at the same time it has to sustain a variety of loads. The damage of the springs is mainly attributed by its load carrying capacity under fatigue loading. Fatigue strength is the most important property for the spring steel. The energy release rate is an important parameter used to predict the life of the springs. In this experimental analysis, the authors investigate the performance of spring steel under the action of fatigue loads. The specimen preparation and the experimentations have been carried out according to the American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) standards. From the experiments, the strain energy release rate of the spring steels has been determined. The effects of tempering and cryogenic treatments on the performance of the spring steel have also been determined. The results have revealed that the fatigue strength and the crack growth resistance have increased with quenching and cryogenic treatments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ushiba, Takafumi, Tomotada Akutsu, Sakae Araki, Rishabh Bajpai, Dan Chen, Kieran Craig, Yutaro Enomoto, et al. "Cryogenic suspension design for a kilometer-scale gravitational-wave detector." Classical and Quantum Gravity 38, no. 8 (March 19, 2021): 085013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/abe9f3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Chen, Tian-Jie, X. Zhang, and R. Tao. "Electrorheological Effect at Cryogenic Temperature." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 14n16 (June 30, 1999): 1697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299001697.

Full text

Abstract:

We have observed a strong electrorheologial (ER) effect of a suspension of fine aluminum particles in liquid nitrogen. The particles have diameter ~ 10μm and an insulate surface. In an ac field, aluminum particles quickly form chains across the two electrodes. The chains vibrate vigorously as the liquid nitrogen has a constant random flow motion caused by bubbles. In addition to low temperature, liquid nitrogen has extremely low viscosity, and low conductivity. These special properties enable us to observe several interesting phenomena which are absent in ER fluids at room temperature. We have determined the rheological properties of our cryogenic ER fluid.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Maurya, Preeti, Gaddale Srinivas Vijay, and Raghavendra Cholpadi Kamath. "Investigation on Performance and Kerf Characteristics during Cryogenic-Assisted Suspension-Type Abrasive Water Jet Machining of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6120397.

Full text

Abstract:

The need for soft polymer (such as acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (ABR)) components in mating applications is increasing in several sectors, viz. automobile, mining, and marine, due to their viscoelastic nature with improved surface quality and tighter geometric tolerances. Therefore, this paper aims to compare the effect of cryogenic conditions on the performance parameters of the suspension-type abrasive water jet (S-AWJ) machining and investigate the kerf characteristics of the top and bottom surface by comparing the waviness of the cut profiles and abrasive contamination of the top surface near the vicinity of the slot under conventional (room temperature) and cryogenic (liquid nitrogen (LN2)) conditions. The study found that the use of LN2 positively affected the performance parameters (Kerf taper ratio (KTR) and material removal rate (MRR)) due to a sudden increase in Young’s modulus and a decrease in elasticity of the machining zone. The cryogenic-assisted S-AWJ at the highest water jet pressure (WJP) (250 bar) produced better kerf characteristics through uniform and waviness-free top and bottom kerf profiles than the other experimental sequences. The use of LN2 resulted in the embrittlement of ABR, due to which less garnet abrasive particle contamination was observed during cryogenic-assisted S-AWJ machining.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Burrows, Nathan D., and R. Lee Penn. "Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy: Aqueous Suspensions of Nanoscale Objects." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 6 (September 4, 2013): 1542–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613013354.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDirect imaging of nanoscale objects suspended in liquid media can be accomplished using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Cryo-TEM has been used with particular success in microbiology and other biological fields. Samples are prepared by plunging a thin film of sample into an appropriate cryogen, which essentially produces a snapshot of the suspended objects in their liquid medium. With successful sample preparation, cryo-TEM images can facilitate elucidation of aggregation and self-assembly, as well as provide detailed information about cells and viruses. This work provides an explanation of sample preparation, detailed examples of the many artifacts found in cryo-TEM of aqueous samples, and other key considerations for successful cryo-TEM imaging.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Yatsenko, Vitaly, Sergii Kruchinin, and Petro Bidyuk. "Superconducting gravimeters based on advanced nanomaterials and quantum neural network." System research and information technologies, no. 3 (October 30, 2022): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/srit.2308-8893.2022.3.02.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper is focused on a new concept of a cryogenic-optical sensor intended for use in the space industry, geodynamics, and fundamental experiments. The basis of the sensor is a magnetic suspension with a levitating test body, a high-precision optical recorder of mechanical coordinates of the levitating body, and a signal-processing system. A Michelson-type interferometer with a laser diode and a single-mode optical fiber was used to measure the test body's displacements. The coordination of the laser diode coherence length and the difference in the interferometer optical lengths of the arms made it possible to eliminate coherent noise caused by interference from spurious reflections. The minimum recorded shift of the test body was 0.1 nm. The design of the sensor and the mathematical model of the superconducting suspension dynamics are presented. The results of experimental studies of a magnetic suspension together with an optical interferometric displacement sensor having a subnanometer sensitivity are shown.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Badykov, R. R., A. O. Lomachev, M. A. Benedyuk, and E. M. Grigoriev. "Development of an Experimental Setup to Study the Load-Carrying Capacity of a Single-Stage Magnetic Rotor Suspension." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 4 (143) (December 2022): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2022-4-4-18.

Full text

Abstract:

An installation for studying the dynamics and carrying capacity of a single-stage magnetic rotor suspension has been created. The evaluation of the proposed installation with regard to its potential use was carried out. The possibility of creating a rotor suspension based on hybrid active magnetic bearings was investigated with the help of the setup. If hybrid active magnetic bearings are used, the magnetic rotor suspension will allow to replace the existing classical active magnetic bearings used in vacuum, cryogenic and pumping equipment, reducing the energy costs without changing the geometric parameters of the existing units' housings. Experimental research of characteristics of axial active electromagnet is conducted (minimum power required to keep the rotor in vertical position is obtained). A finite-element model of the axial active magnetic bearing is created. The calculation results of the model are compared with the experimental data and the inductive transducer is calibrated. Experimental installation of a single-step rotor magnetic suspension is designed and manufactured. An electrical circuit for controlling the experimental setup is assembled. The program for PID-controller is given and its principle of operation is described with respect to the specified installation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Suman, Navneet, Soumen Kar, Mukesh Kumar, Sankar Ram Thekkethi, Vijay Soni, Ram Gopal Sharma, and Tripti Sekhar Datta. "Stress analysis of cryogenic suspension system of superconducting MRI magnet cryostat." Indian Journal of Cryogenics 43, no. 1 (2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2120.2018.00010.9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ma, Guangtong, Tianyong Gong, Ruichen Wang, Songlin Li, Xingchao Nie, Pengbo Zhou, Jing Li, Chao Li, Zhengfu Ge, and Hengbin Cui. "Design, fabrication and testing of a coated conductor magnet for electrodynamic suspension." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 025013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac438b.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The coated conductor magnet, as the onboard magnet of the electrodynamic suspension (EDS) train, is deemed promising due to its relatively high operating temperature, low cooling cost, and good mechanical tolerance, making the liquid-helium-free high-temperature superconducting (HTS) EDS train possible. In order to promote the progress of the HTS EDS train, this work aims at designing, fabricating and testing a coated conductor magnet as the onboard magnet of EDS train. The HTS magnet is designed with the comprehensive considerations of the electromagnetic calculation, thermal–mechanical coupling analysis, as well as the heat load estimation. The magnet is conduction-cooled without any coolant. A radiation shield was used to reduce the heat leakage, enabling the cryogenic system to provide a better low-temperature environment for the magnet. Through a deliberate design, the magnet was fabricated, including two HTS coils and the tailored cryogenic system. Afterwards, the electromagnetic and thermal performances of this magnet were tested and analysed in detail. It was proven that the magnet can be cooled to below 15 K; besides, the magnet has been successfully charged to 240 A. Further increase in the current is possible because of the high safe margin of the critical currents for both the HTS magnet and its current lead, although a slight performance degradation was observed on two double-pancake coils inside the magnet. The present study will provide useful implications for the design and application of onboard HTS magnets in EDS train.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Iluk, Artur, Kazimierz Malcher, Wiktor Słomski, Maciej Chorowski, Jarosław Poliński, Thomas Eisel, Branislav Streicher, and Peter Spiller. "Design of the Cryogenic Bypass Line for the SIS100 Synchrotron." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 8311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228311.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents the selected aspects of a superconducting cryogenic bypass line (BPL) design, a part of the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) SIS100 cryogenic system, currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. Design, manufacturing, and installation of the superconducting cryogenic bypass line is a part of a Polish in-kind contribution to the FAIR project, realized by the Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. The BPL is dedicated to transferring liquid helium and AC electric current between SIS100 arc sections and superconducting quadrupole magnets located in warm straight sections of the synchrotron. A main innovative feature of the cryogenic bypass line is transferring the electric current and liquid helium in one vacuum vessel, while in other similar projects, namely, the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (CH) or the Tevatron at FermiLab (USA), those functions are separated. The coexistence of superconducting busbars and liquid helium process pipes in one limited space, as well as numerous additional functional and technical requirements, was a source of the serious design and production challenges described in the paper, including two designs of the internal suspension system based on steel rods and aramid cables.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Uchiyama, T., D. Tatsumi, T. Tomaru, M. E. Tobar, K. Kuroda, T. Suzuki, N. Sato, A. Yamamoto, T. Haruyama, and T. Shintomi. "Cryogenic cooling of a sapphire mirror-suspension for interferometric gravitational wave detectors." Physics Letters A 242, no. 4-5 (June 1998): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00205-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Li, Xiangbing. "Stabilizing aqueous clay suspensions by AOT vesicular solutions: a cryo-TEM study." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100137471.

Full text

Abstract:

Production, storage, and performance of suspensions of colloidal solid particles depend critically on suspensions stability. Past studies mostly focused on roles of attractive van der waals force and repulsive electrostatic force between particles. In contrast, this paper reports that aqueous suspensions of clay particles of maximum dimension of 5 to 20 nm can be greatly stabilized by adding vesicular solutions of the anionic surfactant Aerosol OT (AOT).How does the interaction between the clay particles, which bear charge, and multiple bilayers of AOT vesicles lead to more stable suspensions? Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) was brought to bear on this question because it can capture the microstructure in fluids without staining or drying artifacts. Cryo-TEM samples were made by rapidly freezing thin liquid films (200-500 nm) in a controlled environment vitrification system (CEVS)5 to preserve the original structures. Clay particles (often hexagonal) were flat plates and tended to associate face-to-face (Fig. la). Cryo-TEM images show that 3 wt% and 5 wt% AOT formed unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles in solutions (Fig. lb-c).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Belavtseva, E. M., I. I. Chemeris, L. F. Sukhodub, A. I. Chemeris, S. N. Danilchenko, V. Yu Zhovkly, and A. G. Filatova. "Cryogenic technique in the electron microscopy of aqueous suspensions and biopolymer-based gels." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 72, no. 11 (November 2008): 1487–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873808110099.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Lynch, P. T., E. E. Benson, J. Jones, E. C. Cocking, J. B. Power, and M. R. Davey. "The embryogenic potential of rice cell suspensions affects their recovery following cryogenic storage." Euphytica 85, no. 1-3 (February 1995): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00023966.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Caran, K. L., R. P. Apkarian, and F. M. Menger. "Examination of Large Unilamellar Vesicles (Luvs) Using Cryo-hrsem and Cryo-Stem." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 1210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600019371.

Full text

Abstract:

Vesicles derive their structure from the aqueous environment surrounding and within them. It follows that traditional EM specimen preparation techniques of fixation, dehydration and drying can induce a variety of morphological changes to the membranes. Vitrification of aqueous suspensions of vesicles provides a means for observation of these structures in their fully hydrated unfixed state. Common cryogenic techniques for the visualization of these and other colloidal particles include cryo-TEM of vitrified thin films and freeze-fracture TEM (FF-TEM) of platinum replicas. We report the use of cryo-high resolution SEM (cryo- HRSEM) and cryo-STEM for the study of the morphology of membrane features of synthetic extruded vesicles.LUVs were prepared by the extrusion method. Dried lipid films of l-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) were hydrated with 0.5 mL of Milli-Q water and stirred for 10 minutes to make suspensions (10 mM in lipids) which were extruded 19 times through a polycarbonate filter with 100 nm pores.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

SAITO, Takanori, Souichi TELADA, Takashi UCHIYAMA, Shinji MIYOKI, Osamu MIYAKAWA, and Masatake OHASHI. "Developments of Cryogenic Laser Interferometer Observatory (CLIO) and Local Suspension Point Interferometer (LSPI) in Kamioka." Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan 54, no. 12 (2011): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj2.54.614.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Lobanov, Nikolai R., Stephen Battisson, Thomas Tunningley, and Jessica Faye Smith. "Insight on the cryogenic suspension and alignment of the 8T superconducting solenoid with iron yoke." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 983 (December 2020): 164593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164593.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Tomaru, T., T. Suzuki, T. Uchiyama, A. Yamamoto, T. Shintomi, C. T. Taylor, K. Yamamoto, S. Miyoki, M. Ohashi, and K. Kuroda. "Maximum heat transfer along a sapphire suspension fiber for a cryogenic interferometric gravitational wave detector." Physics Letters A 301, no. 3-4 (August 2002): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(02)00985-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Di Pace, Sibilla, Valentina Mangano, Lorenzo Pierini, Amirsajjad Rezaei, Jan-Simon Hennig, Margot Hennig, Daniela Pascucci, et al. "Research Facilities for Europe’s Next Generation Gravitational-Wave Detector Einstein Telescope." Galaxies 10, no. 3 (April 28, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10030065.

Full text

Abstract:

The Einstein Telescope is Europe’s next generation gravitational-wave detector. To develop all necessary technology, four research facilities have emerged across Europe: The Amaldi Research Center (ARC) in Rome (Italy), ETpathfinder in Maastricht (The Netherlands), SarGrav in the Sos Enattos mines on Sardinia (Italy) and E-TEST in Liége (Belgium) and its surroundings. The ARC pursues the investigation of a large cryostat, equipped with dedicated low-vibration cooling lines, to test full-scale cryogenic payloads. The installation will be gradual and interlaced with the payload development. ETpathfinder aims to provide a low-noise facility that allows the testing of full interferometer configurations and the interplay of their subsystems in an ET-like environment. ETpathfinder will focus amongst others on cryogenic technologies, silicon mirrors, lasers and optics at 1550 and 2090 nm and advanced quantum noise reduction schemes. The SarGrav laboratory has a surface lab and an underground operation. On the surface, the Archimedes experiment investigates the interaction of vacuum fluctuations with gravity and is developing (tilt) sensor technology for the Einstein Telescope. In an underground laboratory, seismic characterisation campaigns are undertaken for the Sardinian site characterisation. Lastly, the Einstein Telecope Euregio meuse-rhine Site & Technology (E-TEST) is a single cryogenic suspension of an ET-sized silicon mirror. Additionally, E-TEST investigates the Belgian–Dutch–German border region that is the other candidate site for Einstein Telescope using boreholes and seismic arrays and hydrogeological characterisation. In this article, we describe the Einstein Telescope, the low-frequency part of its science case and the four research facilities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Yaacob, Iskandar I., and Arijit Bose. "An Investigation of Microstructures in Cationic/Anionic Surfactant Suspensions by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 178, no. 2 (March 1996): 638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.0161.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Yamamoto, K., T. Uchiyama, S. Miyoki, M. Ohashi, K. Kuroda, H. Hayakawa, T. Tomaru, et al. "Measurement of vibration of the top of the suspension in a cryogenic interferometer with operating cryocoolers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 32 (March 2, 2006): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/32/1/064.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Godleski, John J., Rebecca C. Stearns, Marshall Katler, and Cindy L. Hastings. "Detection of elements by ESI and analysis of EEL spectra in alveolar macrophages prepared by slam-freeze molecular distillation processing." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 776–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100161448.

Full text

Abstract:

The capability to map the distribution of elements in relationship to ultrastructural cellular morphology has been a longstanding goal in anatomic research. With biologic materials, the technology for elemental detection is limited by the lack of retention of elements in ionic form during processing with liquid fixatives. Although we have been able to show that by selection of fixative and processing methods, 95% of cell associated iron remains with the cells after processing, we have not found an adequate general purpose liquid fixative to preserve ions in cells. Hence, we have turned to cryogenic methods which are more likely to retain intracellular ions.Alveolar macrophages were obtained from hamsters by saline bronchoalveolar lavage. The cells were centrifuged and resuspended in medium RPMI 1640 at a concentration of 1×108/ml. A 5 μl aliquot of the cell suspension was placed on an agar mount and instantaneously frozen using a Life Cell® CF-100 unit for cryofixation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Ming, Yaqiang. "Microscopy of latex film formation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 1042–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172942.

Full text

Abstract:

Latex here denotes a stable colloidal dispersion of polymer in solvent. The solvent usually is water. Large tonnages of latices are used in paper coatings, paints, and growing numbers of other waterbased coatings. All these applications require the latices to be film-forming, at least to a degree. Despite past investigations, the mechanisms of film formation are not well understood and are now being studied intensively in several places.Our goal is to understand how a suspension of latex particles in water or other solvent becomes a continuous film, one monolayer or multiple layers deep. Several techniques have been employed: transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) including replication, freeze-fracture, and microtome sample preparations, small angle neutron scattering ( SANS ); cryogenic scanning electron microscopy ( Cryo-SEM ), and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ). TEM is tedious and requires small thin samples; SANS is expensive, time consuming, and difficult to interpret; AFM is easy to use, but images must be interpreted with caution because artifacts can prevail.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Michurov, Dmitrii A., Tatiana K. Makhina, Valentina Siracusa, Anton P. Bonartsev, Vladimir I. Lozinsky, and Alexey L. Iordanskii. "Cryo-Structuring of Polymeric Systems. Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Cryogels Loaded with the Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Microbeads and the Evaluation of Such Composites as the Delivery Vehicles for Simvastatin." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112196.

Full text

Abstract:

Highly porous composite poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels loaded with the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) microbeads containing the drug, simvastatin (SVN), were prepared via cryogenic processing (freezing—storing frozen—defrosting) of the beads’ suspensions in aqueous PVA solution. The rigidity of the resultant composite cryogels increased with increasing the filler content. Optical microscopy of the thin section of such gel matrices revealed macro-porous morphology of both continuous (PVA cryogels) and discrete (PHB-microbeads) phases. Kinetic studies of the SVN release from the drug-loaded microbeads, the non-filled PVA cryogel and the composite material showed that the cryogel-based composite system could potentially serve as a candidate for the long-term therapeutic system for controlled drug delivery. Such PHB-microbeads-containing PVA-cryogel-based composite drug delivery carriers were unknown earlier; their preparation and studies have been performed for the first time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kang, Daehoon, Sungho Yun, and Bo-kyong Kim. "Review of the Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank and Insulation System for the High-Power Locomotive." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 4357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124357.

Full text

Abstract:

Hydrogen has been attracting attention as a fuel in the transportation sector to achieve carbon neutrality. Hydrogen storage in liquid form is preferred in locomotives, ships, drones, and aircraft, because these require high power but have limited space. However, liquid hydrogen must be in a cryogenic state, wherein thermal insulation is a core problem. Inner materials, including glass bubbles, multi-layer insulation (MLI), high vacuum, and vapor-cooled shields, are used for thermal insulation. An analytic study is preferred and proceeds liquid hydrogen tanks due to safety regulations in each country. This study reviewed the relevant literature for thermodynamic modeling. The literature was divided into static, dynamic, and systematic studies. In summary, the authors summarized the following future research needs: The optimal design of the structure, including suspension, baffle, and insulation system, can be studied to minimize the boil-off gas (BOG). A dynamic study of the pressure, mass flow, and vaporizer can be completed. The change of the components arrangement from the conventional diesel–electric locomotive is necessary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Zhou, Huafeng, Guoqing Liu, Jing Zhang, Ning Sun, Mingxing Duan, Zemin Yan, and Qiang Xia. "Novel Lipid-Free Nanoformulation for Improving Oral Bioavailability of Coenzyme Q10." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/793879.

Full text

Abstract:

To improve the bioavailability of orally administered lipophilic coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), we formulated a novel lipid-free nano-CoQ10 system stabilized by various surfactants. Nano-CoQ10s, composed of 2.5% (w/w) CoQ10, 1.67% (w/w) surfactant, and 41.67% (w/w) glycerol, were prepared by hot high-pressure homogenization. The resulting formulations were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. We found that the mean particle size of all nano-CoQ10s ranged from66.3±1.5 nm to92.7±1.5 nm and the zeta potential ranged from-12.8±1.4 mV to-41.6±1.4 mV. The CoQ10 in nano-CoQ10s likely existed in a supercooled state, and nano-CoQ10s stored in a brown sealed bottle were stable for 180 days at 25°C. The bioavailability of CoQ10 was evaluated following oral administration of CoQ10 formulations in Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared to the values observed following administration of CoQ10-Suspension, nano-CoQ10 modified with various surfactants significantly increased the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. Thus, the lipid-free system of a nano-CoQ10 stabilized with a surfactant may be an effective vehicle for improving oral bioavailability of CoQ10.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Richter, Hilmar H., Michael Harr, Peter Dinges, Heribert Krüger, Alexandra Todisco, and Bernd Zimmermann. "Development and Manufacture of a Linear 16-Pixel FIR Array—The PACS Module." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-4.4.136.

Full text

Abstract:

The high- and low-stressed photodetector array camera and spectrometer (PACS) modules (linear 16-pixel arrays) are the basic constituents of the 16 × 25 pixel far-infrared (57–220 μm) PACS cameras aboard the Herschel satellite. The essentials for the stress application and the pixel stacking technique originate from detectors aboard the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO, 1995–1998) and for the field imaging far infrared line spectrometer (FIFI-LS) aboard the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). To meet the mass budget of the cameras and provide the required high tensile strength, the only usable material for the module body turned out to be an aluminum alloy (AL 7075 T651). Especially challenging was the tight thermal budget for the PACS modules. Compared to FIFI-LS, in the case of the PACS module the heat dissipation from the front end electronics (FEE) and harness substrates at about 4 K to the module body containing the pixel stack at about 2 K had to be reduced drastically. A genuine suspension concept and packaging for the respective substrates was developed and successfully applied, allowing reliable electrical wiring from the harness over the FEE on to the pixels. The FEE with the cryogenic readout electronics (CRE) is contributed by the Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Kavinkumar Sakthivel, Krishnanand Anilkumar, Jawahar Natarajan, and Senthil Venkatachalam. "A promising method to enhance the solubility of poorly water soluble drug by using hot-melt extrusion technique." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 18, 2020): 3657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2526.

Full text

Abstract:

More than 40% of new chemicals are of poor solubility, it causes poor bioavailability. Several techniques are available to increase the solubility of drugs, such as converting the drug into salt form, complexion, co-solvency, particle size reduction, nano-suspension, cryogenic technique, modification of crystal habit etc. Hot melt extrusion has increased wide acknowledgment in the recent past. Over the past recent three decades modern flexibility has permitted hot melt extrusion (HME) is to increase wide acknowledgment and has just settled its place in the wide range of assembling activities and pharmaceutical research advancements. HME has just been exhibited as a vigorous, novel system to cause strong scatterings so as to give time controlled, changed, broadened, and focused on medicate conveyance bringing about improved bioavailability just as taste covering of bitter Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Hot melt extrusion is one of the efficient technique for improving the solubility of hydrophobic drugs by forming solid dispersion. It is a solventfree process and time taken for the production is less. The process involved in this technique include, weighing/feeding, Melting, Mixing, Venting, Extrusion, Cooling, Pelletizing. Solubility of many drugs have improved by utilizing hot melt-extrusion technology. In this review, a detailed overview about Solubility enhancement of drugs by hot-melt extrusion and its applications are discussed. This review summarizes the importance and uses of solid dispersion technique for improving the solubility of poorly soluble drugs

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Romolo, Anna, Zala Jan, Apolonija Bedina Zavec, Matic Kisovec, Vesna Arrigler, Vesna Spasovski, Marjetka Podobnik, et al. "Assessment of Small Cellular Particles from Four Different Natural Sources and Liposomes by Interferometric Light Microscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 15801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415801.

Full text

Abstract:

Small particles in natural sources are a subject of interest for their potential role in intercellular, inter-organism, and inter-species interactions, but their harvesting and assessment present a challenge due to their small size and transient identity. We applied a recently developed interferometric light microscopy (ILM) to assess the number density and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of isolated small cellular particles (SCPs) from blood preparations (plasma and washed erythrocytes) (B), spruce needle homogenate (S), suspension of flagellae of microalgae Tetraselmis chuii (T), conditioned culture media of microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P), and liposomes (L). The aliquots were also assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-vis), and imaging by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). In Rh, ILM showed agreement with DLS within the measurement error in 10 out of 13 samples and was the only method used here that yielded particle density. Cryo-TEM revealed that representative SCPs from Tetraselmis chuii flagella (T) did not have a globular shape, so the interpretation by Rh of the batch methods was biased. Cryo-TEM showed the presence of thin filaments in isolates from Phaeodactylum tricornutum conditioned culture media (P), which provides an explanation for the considerably larger Rh obtained by batch methods than the sizes of particles observed by cryo-TEM images. ILM proved convenient for assessment of number density and Rh of SCPs in blood preparations (e.g., plasma); therefore, its use in population and clinical studies is indicated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Shahi, Fatemeh, Parviz Parvin, Seyedeh Zahra Mortazavi, Ali Reyhani, Mohtada Sadrzadeh, Ali Moafi, Mahdi Ebrahimi, and Mohammadreza Aghaei. "In-Situ Generation of Nitrogen-Doped MoS2 Quantum Dots Using Laser Ablation in Cryogenic Medium for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010455.

Full text

Abstract:

Here, nitrogen doped molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (N-MoS2 QDs) are fabricated by making use of the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) process in liquid nitrogen (LN2) as a dopant agent. In fact, LN2 contributes the rapid condensation of the plasma plume to form MoS2 QDs, optimizing the conditions for the synthesis of N-doped MoS2 with p-type property. The structural/optical features of the synthesized products are studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TEM image shows the creation of MoS2 QDs with 5.5 nm average size. UV-vis and PL spectroscopy confirm the formation of N-MoS2 QDs according to the dominant peaks. The Tuck plot gives a direct band-gap of 4.34 eV for MoS2 QDs. Furthermore, XPS spectroscopy reveals Mo-N bonding, indicating nitrogen doping as evidence of p-type MoS2 QDs. Thus, PLA provides a single-stage way to the clean and green synthesis of the MoS2 QDs suspension without a need for high vacuum devices and additional chemical components. Regarding the pristine MoS2, the N-MoS2 QDs benefit from a low overpotential of −0.35 V at −10 mA/cm2 per µg alongside a low Tafel slope of 300 mV/dec. Subsequently, the lower Rct value of N-MoS2 QDs verifies the enhancement of the charge transfer kinetics mainly due to the elevated electronic conductivity. Furthermore, the quasi-rectangular cyclic voltammetry (CV) as well as the larger current window demonstrate a notable electrocatalytic activity. The former is based on the enhanced active sites in favor of N-MoS2 QDs against other samples of interest. Thereby, it is discovered that the N-doped MoS2 QD acts as an effective catalyst to notably improve the performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Horst, Allison M., Andrea C. Neal, Randall E. Mielke, Patrick R. Sislian, Won Hyuk Suh, Lutz Mädler, Galen D. Stucky, and Patricia A. Holden. "Dispersion of TiO2 Nanoparticle Agglomerates by Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 21 (September 17, 2010): 7292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00324-10.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Engineered nanoparticles are increasingly incorporated into consumer products and are emerging as potential environmental contaminants. Upon environmental release, nanoparticles could inhibit bacterial processes, as evidenced by laboratory studies. Less is known regarding bacterial alteration of nanoparticles, including whether bacteria affect physical agglomeration states controlling nanoparticle settling and bioavailability. Here, the effects of an environmental strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on TiO2 nanoparticle agglomerates formed in aqueous media are described. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy visually demonstrated bacterial dispersion of large agglomerates formed in cell culture medium and in marsh water. For experiments in cell culture medium, quantitative image analysis verified that the degrees of conversion of large agglomerates into small nanoparticle-cell combinations were similar for 12-h-growth and short-term cell contact experiments. Dispersion in cell growth medium was further characterized by size fractionation: for agglomerated TiO2 suspensions in the absence of cells, 81% by mass was retained on a 5-μm-pore-size filter, compared to only 24% retained for biotic treatments. Filtrate cell and agglomerate sizes were characterized by dynamic light scattering, revealing that the average bacterial cell size increased from 1.4 μm to 1.9 μm because of nano-TiO2 biosorption. High-magnification scanning electron micrographs showed that P. aeruginosa dispersed TiO2 agglomerates by preferential biosorption of nanoparticles onto cell surfaces. These results suggest a novel role for bacteria in the environmental transport of engineered nanoparticles, i.e., growth-independent, bacterially mediated size and mass alterations of TiO2 nanoparticle agglomerates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Martin, W. Blake, Renaud Sicard, Shabnam M. Namin, and Timothy Ganey. "Methods of Cryoprotectant Preservation: Allogeneic Cellular Bone Grafts and Potential Effects." BioMed Research International 2019 (October 16, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5025398.

Full text

Abstract:

Debridement of the bone surface during a surgical fusion procedure initiates an injury response promoting a healing cascade of molecular mediators released over time. Autologous grafts offer natural scaffolding to fill the bone void and to provide local bone cells. Commercial bone grafting products such as allografts, synthetic bone mineral products, etc., are used to supplement or to replace autologous grafts by supporting osteoinductivity, osteoconductivity, and osteogenesis at the surgical site. To assure osteogenic potential, preservation of allogeneic cells with cryoprotectants has been developed to allow for long-term storage and thus delivery of viable bone cells to the surgical site. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an intracellular cryoprotectant commonly used because it provides good viability of the cells post-thaw. However, there is known cytotoxicity reported for DMSO when cells are stored above cryogenic temperatures. For most cellular bone graft products, the cryoprotectant is incorporated with the cells into the other mineralized bone and demineralized bone components. During thawing, the DMSO may not be sufficiently removed from allograft products compared to its use in a cell suspension where removal by washing and centrifugation is available. Therefore, both the allogeneic cell types in the bone grafting product and the local cell types at the bone grafting site could be affected as cytotoxicity varies by cell type and by DMSO content according to reported studies. Overcoming cytotoxicity may be an additional challenge in the formation of bone at a wound or surgical site. Other extracellular cryoprotectants have been explored as alternatives to DMSO which preserve without entering the cell membrane, thereby providing good cellular viability post-thaw and might abrogate the cytotoxicity concerns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Aktaran Bala, D., and M. Özcan. "The effects of freezing on long-term storage of canine erythrocytes." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0050.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Human medicine studies have so far demonstrated that erythrocytes may be preserved and stored at low temperatures for decades retaining their metabolic and biochemical properties. However, detailed studies regarding this problem are not yet available in veterinary medicine. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate time-dependent effects of long-term frozen storage of canine red blood cells. Twelve healthy adult dogs meeting the criteria for blood transfusion were used in the study. Whole blood samples (450 ± 45 ml) collected from each dog were centrifuged by a cryogenic microcentrifuge and packed RBC suspensions were obtained. The samples were prewashed three times in 0.9% NaCl solution and were allocated into three groups to be evaluated at three different time points (day 0 and month 4 and 6). The samples to be frozen were subjected to glycerolization and then stored at −80°C for 4 and 6-month periods. At the end of this period the packed RBC samples were thawed, centrifuged and then washed in a consecutive series of dextrose solutions. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), Adenosin triphosphate (ATP), supernatant hemoglobin (SupHb), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) levels, residual glycerol concentrations and hemograms were evaluated and compared. Sterility tests were performed on all samples for bacterial contamination. A statistically significant decrease was noted in potassium levels, which was the natural outcome of deglycerolization process. No significant change was observed in terms of other parameters due based on different time points. In conclusion, long-term frozen storage had no negative effect on the quality parameters of canine erythrocytes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Robbins, H., C. Dores, K. Coyle, and I. Dobrinski. "74 GERM CELLS AND TESTICULAR SOMATIC CELLS HAVE DIFFERENT SENSITIVITY TO CRYOPRESERVATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab74.

Full text

Abstract:

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) are the foundation of spermatogenesis. Undifferentiated spermatogonia, containing SSC, represent only 2 to 5% of cells recovered from immature mammalian testis. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen allows for long-term storage of cells. Preservation of germ cells can serve as a means of genetic preservation from immature males when sperm storage is not an option. Studies have investigated the effects of cryopreservation on the spermatogenic potential of SSC and the efficiency of various cryopreservation protocols. Preliminary observations indicated that germ cells may survive cryopreservation better than testicular somatic cells, resulting in a post-thaw cell population enriched in germ cells. However, this has not been critically evaluated. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that germ cells are less susceptible to cryo-damage than testicular somatic cells. Cells were harvested from the testes of 1-wk-old piglets by 2-step enzymatic digestion. The initial cell suspension was subjected to differential adhesion to enrich the cell population for germ cells. Cells were plated in DMEM + 5% fetal bovine serum and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 in air. After 18 h, cells in suspension and cells slightly attached were recovered by trypsinization (1 : 10 trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) for 30 s and replated. This was repeated 24 and 36 h after initial plating. The enriched population was placed into cryovials at a concentration of 30 × 106 cells in freezing media (70% DMEM + 20% fetal bovine serum + 10% dimethyl sulfoxide), kept for 24 h at –80°C in a cryogenic freezing container and transferred to liquid nitrogen for 1 week. Aliquots of cells before freezing and after thawing at 37°C followed by incubation at 37°C in 5% CO2 in air for 1 h were analyzed for viability by propidium iodide (PI) exclusion and immunofluorescence for the germ cell marker VASA to identify viable germ cells (VASA+/PI–), nonviable germ cells (VASA+/PI+), viable somatic cells (VASA–/PI–), and nonviable somatic cells (VASA–/PI+). The percentage of viable germ cells after freezing and thawing was compared to the percentage of viable somatic cells by ANOVA. After enrichment by differential plating, the cell population had 95.6 ± 0.9% viability and contained 27.1 ± 7.4% germ cells (n = 3 replicates). After cryopreservation, the overall cell viability was 77.5 ± 1.6%, and 25.8 ± 8.0% were germ cells. The overall viability after cryopreservation could potentially have benefited from the 1-h incubation prior to analysis. The viability of the germ cell population after freezing and thawing was higher (92.1 ± 3.1%) than somatic cell viability (72.3 ± 1.7%; P < 0.01). These results indicate that porcine germ cells survive cryopreservation better than do testicular somatic cells. Therefore, cryostorage of germ cells can be an efficient means for preservation of male genetic material. Supported by NIH ORIP/DCM RR17359.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Chan, Wai Shun, Andrew L. Pecora, Suzi Nadasi, Lester Myers, Margarita Munoz, Besa Jashari, and Robert A. Preti. "Freezing and Cryostorage of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (HPC) Apheresis Using 5% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) without Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES) in Cryocyte Freezing Bags and in Cryogenic Vials." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 4184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4184.4184.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Cryoprotectant formulated with 5% DMSO, 6% HES, 0.2% dextrose and 3.75% human serum albumin (HSA) [DMSO/(+)HES], originally adapted by Stiff et al (Blood1987, 70:974–978) for cryopreservation of mononuclear cells from bone marrow in a −86°C mechanical freezer (MF) (dump freezing) without a controlled rate freezer (CRF), is commonly used for cryopreserving human HPC derived from apheresis (HPC-A) and bone marrow. However, use of HES for cryopreserving HPC in clinical setting requires IND approval in the US. As no formulated GMP-grade DMSO/(+)HES is currently commercially available, the preparation of such cryoprotectant requires in-house manufacture and release testing, which can be time consuming and costly. In this study, we evaluated a cryoprotectant formulated in 5% DMSO and 2.25% HSA in saline without HES [DMSO/(−)HES] for cryopreservation of HPC-A using various freezing and cryostorage procedures. Non-mobilized HPC-A from normal donors were cryopreserved with an equal volume of DMSO/(−)HES and DMSO/(+)HES as controls to achieve 5% DMSO in cell suspensions loaded in Cryocyte freezing bags (Baxter R4R9953) and cryogenic vials. Samples were frozen either by dump freezing in −86°C MF or program freezing in CRF. Cryostorage of frozen HPC samples was accomplished in either the −86°C MF or the vapor phase (< −135°C) of liquid nitrogen (VLN) for a duration of 2–7 days before thawing for quality assessments. Additionally, cells were frozen in both bags and retain vials in order to evalaute the validity of the use of such retains to represent the contents of the freezing containers. While the viability of HPC-A cryopreservevd in DMSO/(−)HES in bags and vials using combinations of freezing and storage procedures was 92±6% as determined by both trypan blue (TB) and 7-AAD flow cytometry assays, the sample group that cryostored in MF versus that in VLN showed a slight reduction in viability. The recovery of both CD34+ cells (by flow cytometry) and CFU from the pre-frozen samples were also slightly reduced in bag samples cryostored in MF (CD34+ cell recovery of 87±25% and 79±11%; and CFU recovery of 72±8% and 63±7% for samples initially frozen in MF and CRF, respectively) than in VLN (CD34+ cell recovery of 102±44% and 96±35%; and CFU recovery of 104±44% and 116±97% for samples initially frozen in MF and CRF, respectively). Such differences were not observed within the cryogenic vial sample group as the cell recovery in these samples cryostored in VLN (CD34+ cell recovery of 79±11% and 76±38%; and CFU recovery of 79±43% and 56±44% for samples initially frozen in MF and CRF, respectively) was lower than those for the bag group. However, all these observed differences were not statistically significant (paired t-Test analyses). TB viability, 7-AAD viability, CD34 recovery and CFU recovery of HPC-A cryopreserved in freezing bag using DMSO/(+)HES, frozen and cryostored in MF were 98±1%, 96±1%, 94±18% and 103±9%, respectively; in comparison, samples cryopreserved in cryogenic vials showed a slight, although not significant reduction, in CD34+ cell and CFU recovery. In conclusion, 5% DMSO and 2.25% HSA in saline appears to be suitable as a cryoprotectant for preserving HPC-A for clinical use. Cell quality of HPC is likely better preserved in freezing bag containers and in VLN for longer term storage. Further studies to assess patient engraftment efficiency of the infused HPC-A cryopreserved with this cryoprotectant are in progress.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Jara, Miguel O., Zachary N. Warnken, Sawittree Sahakijpijarn, Rishi Thakkar, Vineet R. Kulkarni, Dale J. Christensen, John J. Koleng, and Robert O. Williams. "Oral Delivery of Niclosamide as an Amorphous Solid Dispersion That Generates Amorphous Nanoparticles during Dissolution." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122568.

Full text

Abstract:

Niclosamide is an FDA-approved anthelmintic that is being studied in clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic and broad-spectrum antiviral. Additionally, several other applications are currently in the preclinical stage. Unfortunately, niclosamide is a poorly water soluble molecule, with reduced oral bioavailability, which hinders its use for new indications. Moreover, niclosamide is a poor glass former; in other words, the molecule has a high tendency to recrystallize, and it is virtually impossible to generate a stable amorphous solid employing the neat molecule. Previously, our group reported the development of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of niclosamide (niclosamide ASD) that generates nanoparticles during its dissolution, not only increasing niclosamide’s apparent solubility from 6.6 ± 0.4 to 481.7 ± 22.2 µg/mL in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) but also its oral bioavailability 2.6-fold in Sprague–Dawley rats after being administered as a suspension. Nevertheless, niclosamide ASD undergoes recrystallization in acidic media, and an enteric oral dosage form is needed for its translation into the clinic. In this work, we further characterized the nanoparticles that generated during the dissolution of the niclosamide ASD. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) revealed that the nanoparticles were amorphous and had a particle size of ~150 nm. The oral dosage forms of niclosamide ASD were formulated using commercial enteric capsules (Capsuline® and EudracapTM) and as enteric-coated tablets. The enteric dosage forms were tested using pH-shift dissolution and acid-uptake tests, using the USP type II dissolution apparatus and the disintegration apparatus, respectively. The capsules exhibited a higher percentage of weight gain, and visual rupture of the Capsuline capsules was observed. Eudracap capsules protected the formulation from the acidic media, but polymer gelling and the formation of a nondispersible plug were noted during dissolution testing. In contrast, enteric-coated tablets protected the formulation from acid ingress and maintained the performance of niclosamide ASD granules during dissolution in FaSSIF media. These enteric-coated tablets were administered to beagle dogs at a niclosamide dose of 75 mg/kg, resulting in plasma concentrations of niclosamide higher than those reported in the literature using solubilized niclosamide at a higher dose (i.e., 100 mg/kg). In summary, an enteric oral dosage form of niclosamide ASD was formulated without hindering the generation of nanoparticles while maintaining the increase in the niclosamide’s apparent solubility. The enteric-coated tablets successfully increased the niclosamide plasma levels in dogs when compared to a niclosamide solution prepared using organic solvents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Huang, Y., and S. A. Solin. "Field and Temperature Dependent Suspension Studies of High Temperature Superconductors." MRS Proceedings 169 (1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-169-1085.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe have employed a novel variable-temperature, variable-field/field-gradient cryogenic levitometer, previously used in levitation experiments, to study the suspension properties of the thallium-based high temperature superconductors. Our results are compared and contrasted with the levitation studies and the singular features of the suspension properties are noted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Mikuła, Anna, Paweł Chmielarz, Teresa Hazubska-Przybył, Dariusz Kulus, Małgorzata Maślanka, Bożena Pawłowska, and Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska. "Cryopreservation of Plant Tissues in Poland: Research Contributions, Current Status, and Applications." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 91 (December 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9132.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Cryopreservation of vegetatively propagated plant material is an increasingly widely used method for the efficient and safe storage of germplasm resources around the world. In Poland, there are currently four cryobanks in use for long-term plant protection programs. However, plant tissues propagated in vitro constitute only a small portion of the accessions stored in them. To date, cryogenic storage techniques have been developed and adopted in this country for ornamental plants (roses, chrysanthemums, and geophytes), crop species (potato and garlic), forest tree species (the genera Quercus and Fraxinus ), and some ferns. Polish researchers have used suspension cultures of Gentiana spp. and shoot tips of Lamprocapnos spectabilis to improve cryopreservation knowledge. A better understanding of the benefits of cryopreservation and its widespread implementation in plant biodiversity conservation programs is required. The objective of this review is to provide a concise synthesis of the scientific contributions, current status, and applications of cryogenic techniques for the conservation of in vitro culture-derived plant tissues in Poland. First, the results contributing to research that has been achieved using cell suspensions and advances related to the use of nanoparticles and plant extracts to improve cryopreservation efficiency are discussed. Then, the applications and advances in cryopreservation of ornamental plants (roses, radiomutants, plant chimeras, Lamprocapnos spp., and geophytes), crop species (potato and garlic), forest trees, and ferns are summarized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Burrows, Nathan D., and R. Lee Penn. "Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy: Aqueous Suspensions of Nanoscale Objects—ERRATUM." Microscopy and Microanalysis, October 23, 2013, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613013809.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Eichholz, J., N. A. Holland, V. B. Adya, J. V. van Heijningen, R. L. Ward, B. J. J. Slagmolen, D. E. McClelland, and D. J. Ottaway. "Practical test mass and suspension configuration for a cryogenic kilohertz gravitational wave detector." Physical Review D 102, no. 12 (December 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.102.122003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Cryonic suspension'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles