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Journal articles on the topic 'Cryogenic processing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Nie, Yu Shuang, Guang Ren Sun, and Xian Ling Zhang. "Design of Green Processing Chain for Processing of Ginseng Fruit Vinegar." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.988.

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Using ginseng, wild wine and acetic acid to the orthogonal experiment method to determine the fermentation process, low temperature and cryogenic grinding fermentation brewing vinegar. The results showed that: cryogenic grinding with a significant impact on the quality of the wine, the best ginseng vinegar fermentation parameters for initial dosage of 6% alcohol, fermentation temperature was 31 °C, fermentation time was 96h.By mixed fermentation Changbai Mountain forest berries and ginseng significantly alter the flavor of vinegar.

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2

Arykov, A. K., and K. Khaydarov. "CRYOGENIC PROCESSING OF DIAMOND COMPOSITES." Vestnik of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University 22, no. 4 (2022): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36979/1694-500x-2022-22-4-3-7.

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3

Yuryev, Y. N., Y. S. Jang, S. K. Kim, K. B. Lee, M. K. Lee, S. J. Lee, W. S. Yoon, and Y. H. Kim. "Signal processing in cryogenic particle detection." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 635, no. 1 (April 2011): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.127.

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4

He, L., and J. E. Siewenie. "Cryogenic processing of thin metal films." Surface and Coatings Technology 150, no. 1 (February 2002): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(01)01504-3.

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5

Deptuck, D., M. M. Lowry, and I. C. Girit. "Signal processing for cryogenic micro-calorimetry." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 93, no. 3-4 (November 1993): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00693432.

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6

Shi, Z. Q., and W. A. Anderson. "Cryogenic processing of metal/GaAs schottky diodes." Solid-State Electronics 35, no. 10 (October 1992): 1427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(92)90078-q.

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7

Wang, Fei, and Yong Cai Chen. "Study about the Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of PCrNi3MoVA Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.303.

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On the basis of processing the PCrNi3MoVA steel with cryogenic treatment and then experimenting with the static tensile and impulse at room temperature, the effects of cryogenic treatment on macro-mechanical properties of the material is studied. The test results show that tensile mechanical property of PCrNi3MoVA steel can be improved with appropriate number of cryogenic treatment, otherwise can be weakened if the number is inappropriate; at the same time, there is no influence of cryogenic treatment on impact toughness of the material

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8

ALEKSANDROVA, I. V., E. R. KORESHEVA, I. E. OSIPOV, V. I. GOLOV, and V. I. CHTCHERBAKOV. "Microtomography data processing methods for cryogenic target characterization." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 4 (October 1999): 729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699174172.

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Determining the cryogenic target parameters with high precision calls for the development of a new direction in the area of target characterization based on microtomography methods of data processing. In this report we present our first results in this area.

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9

Pavlyuk, Raisa, Viktoriya Pogarska, Vadim Pavlyuk, Katerina Balabai, and Svetlana Loseva. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRYOGENIC METHOD OF DEEP TREATMENT OF INULIN-CONTAINING VEGETABLES (TOPINAMBOUR) AND OBTAINING OF PREBIOTICS IN THE NANOPOWDERS FORM." EUREKA: Life Sciences 3 (May 31, 2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2016.00145.

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The aim of the work is elaboration of the principally new cryogenic method of deep processing of inulin-containing vegetables (topinambour) using cryogenic “shock” freezing and fine-dispersed comminution and getting of it nanopowders (prebiotics). There was elaborated principally new cryogenic method of deep processing of topinambour for getting nanopowders – prebiotics. This method differs from traditional ones by the full exclusion of thermal processing of the raw material. Method is based on the use of complex effect of cryogenic “shock” freezing on the raw material using liquid nitrogen, fine-dispersed comminution and sublimation drying. It allows not only preserve biological potential of vegetables but also reveal it more fully and extract the hidden (associated) forms of the low molecular biologically active substances and polymers and transform them into soluble, easily assimilated nanoform. It was established, that cryogenic method allows more fully extract the low molecular biologically active substances from the state associated with biopolymers in nanocomplexes into free one (1,8…2,3 times more than in initial raw material). There was revealed mechanism of process, connected with cryomechanodestruction, non-enzymatic catalysis and mechanocrаcking. It was revealed, that cryogenic methods allows more fully extract heteropulysaccharides – pectin substances, cellulose and proteins from the form associated in nanocomplexes with other biopolymers (1,3…3 times more). It was established, that cryogenic method of topinambour processing allows partially (by 45…55 %) destruct the difficultly soluble biopolymers such as inulin, pectin substances, cellulose and proteins to their separate monomers in soluble nanoform. There were also revealed conformational changes of molecules of topinambour proteins. It was demonstrated, that form changes and the protein molecule, size of its kernel, coat and ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids remains decrease. It was demonstrated, that topinambour nanopowders outgo the known analogues of traditional topinambour powders by chemical and disperse composition. It was established that their assimilability is 3 times higher than in traditional ones.

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10

Razavykia, Abbas, Cristiana Delprete, and Paolo Baldissera. "Correlation between Microstructural Alteration, Mechanical Properties and Manufacturability after Cryogenic Treatment: A Review." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203302.

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Cryogenic treatment is a supplemental structural and mechanical properties refinement process to conventional heat treatment processes, quenching, and tempering. Cryogenic treatment encourages the improvement of material properties and durability by means of microstructural alteration comprising phase transfer, particle size, and distribution. These effects are almost permanent and irreversible; furthermore, cryogenic treatment is recognized as an eco-friendly, nontoxic, and nonexplosive process. In addition, to encourage the application of sustainable techniques in mechanical and manufacturing engineering and to improve productivity in current competitive markets, cryo-treatment can be considered as a promising process. However, while improvements in the properties of materials after cryogenic treatment are discussed by the majority of reported studies, the correlation between microstructural alteration and mechanical properties are unclear, and sometimes the conducted investigations are contradictory with each other. These contradictions provide different approaches to perform and combine cryogenic treatment with pre-and post-processing. The present literature survey, mainly focused on the last decade, is aimed to address the effects of cryogenic treatment on microstructural alteration and to correlate these changes with mechanical property variations as a consequence of cryo-processing. The conclusion of the current review discusses the development and outlines the trends for the future research in this field.

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11

Shokrani, A., V. Dhokia, P. Muñoz-Escalona, and S. T. Newman. "State-of-the-art cryogenic machining and processing." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 26, no. 7 (July 2013): 616–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2012.749531.

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12

Warner, A., and J. Wu. "Cryogenic Loss Monitors with FPGA TDC Signal Processing." Physics Procedia 37 (2012): 2031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.762.

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13

Iacopi, Francesca, Jai Hyuk Choi, Kazuo Terashima, Philip M. Rice, and Geraud Dubois. "Cryogenic plasmas for controlled processing of nanoporous materials." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 13, no. 9 (2011): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02660c.

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14

Bobyr, S. V., P. V. Krot, G. V. Levchenko, O. Ye Baranovska, and D. V. Loshkarev. "Influence of modes of thermal hardening and the subsequent cryogenic processing on structure and properties of steel 38Ni3CrMoV." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 98, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2021.02.014.

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For the production of various machine-building products - rolling rolls, parts of power equipment, piercing mandrels - complex alloy steels containing chromium and a significant number of other deficient alloying elements (nickel, vanadium, molybdenum) type 38Ni3CrMoV are used. The paper presents the results of research on the influence of modes of hardening and subsequent cryogenic treatment on the parameters of the structure, hardness and wear resistance of this steel. Visible changes in the microstructure of thermally improved steel samples during cryogenic treatment were not found, which can be explained by the high thermodynamic stability of the sorbitol structure and the practical absence of residual austenite due to its decomposition during high tempering. It is shown that cryogenic treatment of thermally improved 38Ni3CrMoV steel contributes to an increase in the hardness, toughness and wear resistance this steel (~3.8 %). In this case, there is a slight increase in the parameter and magnitude of microstresses of the crystal lattice, an increase in the density of dislocations due to the removal of thermal stresses. To obtain a multiphase structure of 38Ni3CrMoV steel with retained austenite, isothermal quenching from the γ - α region has been proposed. The use of cryogenic treatment for the experimental mode of hardening of 38Ni3CrMoV steel samples promotes the transformation of retained austenite in the final structure of the samples into martensite with a significant increase in the microhardness of its structural components at the 22.3 %. The experimental hardening mode + cryogenic treatment provides a significant increase in the hardness and wear resistance of 38Ni3CrMoV steel at the 21.6 % while ensuring a certain level of its impact toughness (more than 4 J/cm2) and can be recommended for the implementation of the technology of differentiated hardening of large-sized products made of 38Ni3CrMoV steel. Keywords: steel, structure, hardness, wear resistance, isothermal hardening, cryogenic treatment.

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15

Mbanaso, Chimaobi, Jeffery W. Butterbaugh, David Scott Becker, Wallace P. Printz, Antonio L. P. Rotondaro, Derek W. Bassett, Gregory P. Thomes, Brent D. Schwab, Christina Ann Rathman, and Jeffrey M. Lauerhaas. "Advanced Cryogenic Aerosol Cleaning: Small Particle Removal and Damage-Free Performance." Solid State Phenomena 255 (September 2016): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.255.195.

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The performance of a new cryogenic aerosol process was evaluated for cleaning nanoparticles and providing damage-free processing. Particle Removal Efficiency (PRE) tests conducted with wet deposited 40 nm, 30 nm and 18 nm silica particles on 300 mm wafers demonstrated cleaning efficiencies above 80%. Damage-free capability of the cryogenic aerosol process was evaluated with poly-silicon lines with an aspect ratio of approximately 9:1. These results highlight the potential of this new cryogenic aerosol to provide semiconductor device yield benefits by reducing small particulate contamination without causing pattern damage.

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16

Watanabe, Toshiaki, Kazuyuki Hokamoto, and Shigeru Itoh. "Destruction of Cryogenic Pressure Vessel and Piping by Shock Wave." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 1 (March 30, 2006): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2388999.

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In recent years, the usage of cryogenic fluids as coolant are gaining more attention due to their capability to fulfill the requirements of today’s advancing low temperature industrial applications. As a result, the use of a cryogenic pressure vessel and piping in LNG-tank, LN2, O2 tank for food processing applications and medical applications are becoming more important. In a cryogenic pressure vessel and piping, the reduction of thermal insulation by a small initial damage leads to an internal pressure rise and occurrence of flashing, which leads to a secondary crush of the vessel. In this study, a shock wave was applied to a pressure vessel and piping filled with cryogenic fluid and various observations were made. The internal pressure time history was measured and the safety of the cryogenic pressure vessel and piping was considered.

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17

Islam, Md Mazharul, Shamiul Alam, Md Shafayat Hossain, Kaushik Roy, and Ahmedullah Aziz. "A review of cryogenic neuromorphic hardware." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 7 (February 21, 2023): 070701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133515.

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The revolution in artificial intelligence (AI) brings up an enormous storage and data processing requirement. Large power consumption and hardware overhead have become the main challenges for building next-generation AI hardware. To mitigate this, neuromorphic computing has drawn immense attention due to its excellent capability for data processing with very low power consumption. While relentless research has been underway for years to minimize the power consumption in neuromorphic hardware, we are still a long way off from reaching the energy efficiency of the human brain. Furthermore, design complexity and process variation hinder the large-scale implementation of current neuromorphic platforms. Recently, the concept of implementing neuromorphic computing systems in cryogenic temperature has garnered intense interest thanks to their excellent speed and power metric. Several cryogenic devices can be engineered to work as neuromorphic primitives with ultra-low demand for power. Here, we comprehensively review the cryogenic neuromorphic hardware. We classify the existing cryogenic neuromorphic hardware into several hierarchical categories and sketch a comparative analysis based on key performance metrics. Our analysis concisely describes the operation of the associated circuit topology and outlines the advantages and challenges encountered by the state-of-the-art technology platforms. Finally, we provide insight to circumvent these challenges for the future progression of research.

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18

Kalia, Susheel. "Cryogenic Processing: A Study of Materials at Low Temperatures." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 158, no. 5-6 (November 26, 2009): 934–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-009-0058-x.

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19

Sato, T., A. Narazaki, Y. Kawaguchi, and H. Niino. "Preparation of carbon nitride film by cryogenic laser processing." Applied Physics A 79, no. 4-6 (September 2004): 1477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-004-2821-9.

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20

Das, Debdulal, and Kalyan Kumar Ray. "Cryogenic processing to improve tribological performance of die steels." International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering 9, no. 2/3 (2015): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2015.068238.

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21

Wang, Hong Fei, Si Tong Liu, Chun Yan Ban, Nan Nan Zhao, Yi Yao Kang, Ti Peng Qin, and Jian Zhong Cui. "Processing of High Purity Titanium by Equal Channel Angular Pressing at Cryogenic Temperature." Materials Science Forum 960 (June 2019): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.960.85.

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Experiments show that high purity titanium (HP-Ti) samples have been successfully processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) using a 120 degree die and a relatively slow ram speed at cryogenic temperature when the HP-Ti rods were trapped with 6061 Al alloy tubes. Optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to investigate the deformed microstructure of the material. Typical microstructures of shear bands and deformation twinning were found in the deformed microstructure of ECAPed HP-Ti. Furthermore, the SAED pattern analysis of the twinning structures revealed that the deformation twinning occurred on {112} planes. Keywords: High purity titanium; ECAP; TEM; Deformation twinning; Cryogenic temperature.

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22

Jirková, Hana, Kateřina Rubešová, Štěpán Jeníček, David Hradil, and Ludmila Kučerová. "Improving the Wear Resistance of Ledeburitic Tool Steels by a Combination of Semi-Solid and Cryogenic Processing." Metals 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111869.

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Ledeburitic tool steel X210Cr12 was processed by passing through a semi-solid state with subsequent forming on a hydraulic press, thus achieving a fine-grained martensitic matrix, uniformly dispersed fine precipitates, and removal of sharp-edged primary chromium carbides. The hardness value was over 700 HV10. The decomposition of austenite and the promotion of further carbide precipitation were carried out by cryogenic treatment or a combination of cryogenic treatment and tempering. Transmission electron microscopy showed that tempering after cryogenic treatment also led to the precipitation of needle-like M3C carbide, unlike the previous regimes. Furthermore, after the combined treatment, the microstructures showed a significant wear resistance, which was detected both by a waterjet abrasive blast test and a laboratory pin on disk test. Both tests showed a significant increase in wear resistance compared to the initial condition and special high wear resistance steels, such as Hardox 450 and Hardox 600.

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23

Ma, Yong Qing, Xiao Jing Zhang, Yu Fen Liang, and Guo Fang Liu. "A Study on Austenite Catalytic Cryogenic Treatment of Cr-W-Mo-V High Alloy Medium-Upper Carbon Steel." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1173.

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The processing of austenite catalytic cryogenic treatment of two components of Cr-W-Mo-V high alloy medium-upper carbon steels and the effect on the retained austenite transformation and tempering hardness were studied in this paper. The results show that, the effect of austenite catalytic cryogenic treatment of Cr-W-Mo-V high alloy medium-upper carbon steel is better than that of direct cryogenic treatment after quenching, and the content of residual austenite reduced to below 5%, and the hardness improved by 1.5HRC than that of conventional quenching and tempering. The retained austenite catalytic temperature of Cr-W-Mo-V high alloy medium-upper carbon steel merely is higher than 10°C~20°C of the temperature for the highest tempering hardness. Catalytic temperature Tc can be determined by experimental method of conventional quenching and tempering of the steel, in which the microstructure feature is precipitation of M3C carbide particle of 0.01μm~0.03μm in martensite matrix, and the content of retained austenite decreases evidently. By cryogenic treatment after the austenite catalyzed the retained austenite of quenching are transformed into more martensite, and in the subsequent tempering processing the original quenching martensite and the martensite from retained austenite transformation almost will form synchronous precipitation hardening. Thus the tempering hardness improves evidently as well.

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24

Wierszyłłowski, Ignacy, Jarosław Samolczyk, Sebastian Wieczorek, Ewa Andrzejewska, and Agnieszka Marcinkowska. "The Influence of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Transformation during Tempering of Quenched D2 Steel. Studies oF XRD, Structures, DSC, Dilatometry, Hardness and Impact Energy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 273-276 (February 2008): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.273-276.731.

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The study analyses of influence of cryogenic treatment on the resultant structures, the development of changes during tempering and the charcteristic obtained. It was observed that cryo treatment affects the changes through: a significant reduction in retained austenite content, gradual reduction in value of martensite tetragonality and an increase in the number of carbon atoms in transformations during tempering. The consequence of the transformations taking place during cryogenic treatment is precipitation of η – carbide during low tempering instead of ε – carbide. The number of η – carbides precipitated is higher than that of ε – carbide. This affects the functional properties of steel products. Key words: cryogenic processing, supersaturation, dilatometry, DSC, ageing.

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25

Calik, Adnan. "Evaluation of the Performance of Cryogenically Treated Carbide İnserts in the Turning of AISI 1040 Steel." International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology 10, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54380/ijrdetv10i104.

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-In this study, the effects of cryogenic treatment on tool wear and surface roughness of tungsten carbide inserts coated with TiAlN were investigated as a function of cutting speed and feed rate. It is observed that the surface roughness increases with increased cutting speed, feed rate and also applied cryogenic processing. In other words, the effect of feed rate and cutting speed is very high on the surface roughness. On the other hand, the results showed that the cryogenic treatment is a non-effective process to enhance the wear resistance and tool life of inserts due to brittle region between coated layer and surface

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26

Yang, Jia, Song Ge Yang, and Li Jun Qiu. "Research and Analysis of Dry Crushed Waste Tire Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 109 (October 2011): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.109.228.

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For the treatment of waste tires and waste tire reuse has become an important task in today's society. Waste tire processing methods are: restructuring the use of the prototype. Energy use of waste tires as fuel will use high-temperature heating with thermal decomposition of waste tires, to promote its decomposition into oil, combustible gas, carbon. Scrap tire retreading. Powder production and other means. By mechanical means will be used after the tire tread and some other parts of the split will be obtained after crushing the powder material is powder. Currently the main mode of production has powder dry grinding, cryogenic grinding and wet grinding method. Different methods produce different particle size range of powder, powder surface morphology is also different. Dry grinding, wet grinding and cryogenic grinding of the legal system into a powder particle size in the range of 0.3 mm ~ 1.5 mm, 0.075 mm ~ 0.3 mm and 0.075 mm or less. Dry grinding method because of his production and processing simple process has been widely used in powder production process. For dry grinding process and mechanical work made for the research and analysis.

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27

Onffroy, Philip R., Nathan T. Herrold, Harrison G. Goehrig, Kalie Yuen, and Katsuyuki Wakabayashi. "Polylactic Acid Chemical Foaming Assisted by Solid-State Processing: Solid-State Shear Pulverization and Cryogenic Milling." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 4480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214480.

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A chemical foaming process of polylactic acid (PLA) was developed via the solid-state processing methods of solid-state shear pulverization (SSSP) and cryogenic milling. Based on the ability of solid-state processing to enhance the crystallization kinetics of PLA, chemical foaming agents (CFA) are first compounded before foaming via compression molding. Specifically, the effects of the pre-foaming solid-state processing method and CFA concentration were investigated. Density reduction, mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and cell density of PLA foams are characterized. Solid-state processing of PLA before foaming greatly increases the extent of PLA foaming by achieving void fractions approximately twice that of the control foams. PLA’s improved ability to crystallize is displayed through both dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The solid-state-processed foams display superior mechanical robustness and undergo low stress relaxation. The cell density of the PLA foams also increases with solid-state processing, especially through SSSP. Additionally, crosslinking of PLA during the pre-foaming processing step is found to result in the greatest enhancement of crystallization but decreased void fraction and foam effectiveness. Overall, SSSP and cryogenic milling show significant promise in improving chemical foaming in alternative biopolymers.

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28

Yamanishi, T., Y. Iwai, M. Nishi, and H. Yoshida. "Control Methods of Cryogenic Distillation Column Processing Plasma Exhaust Gas." Fusion Technology 34, no. 3P2 (November 1998): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst98-a11963667.

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29

Sharma, Ish Hunar, and Satpal Sharma. "Cryogenic Processing of HSS M2: Mechanical Properties and XRD Analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 57 (2016): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20165703009.

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30

Gross, Daniel, Andrea Heinz, Martin Ebner, and Nico Hanenkamp. "Assessment of Process Improvement Potential of Carbon Dioxide as a Cryogenic for Machining Operations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 856 (November 2016): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.856.151.

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Cryogenic machining offers advantages compared to conventional cooling lubrication strategies particularly for difficult-to-cut and high-temperature-resistant materials such as titanium and nickel alloys. For implementation purposes environmental and cost factors are crucial for this new machining approach in series production. In order to facilitate investments it is mandatory to evaluate the technology’s potential prior to the final implementation decision. In the field of machining, in particular machining with cryogenic process cooling, there is no standardized and uniform procedure to assess this potential. In this paper a systematic approach and underlying analysis tool will be introduced to determine the potential of cryogenic processing in terms of resources and energy efficiency of the manufacturing operation. This approach satisfies the general conditions in a reasonable assessment effort as well as in the detail level. With this analysis tool, real production and process data are compared with results from scientific cryogenic tests and research and examined with regards to their applicability. Thus, it is possible in an early stage of the production to identify potentials in manufacturing and to take measures to realize these effects. In case cryogenic processing of a specific material has not been carried out so far, the similarity of this material to existing research results is determined. If positively assessed, the surrogates’ potential is transferred with a specific safety factor to the material. The analysis tool has been applied and refined in a real large-scale series production as well as in a complex component manufacturing and the holistic potential for e. g. durability, material removal rate (MRR) or savings regarding the use of metal working fluids (MWF) have been identified.

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31

Gupta, Shwetabh, Gururaj Parande, Khin Sandar Tun, and Manoj Gupta. "Enhancing the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Responses of a Mg/2wt.%CeO2 Nanocomposite Using Deep Cryogenic Treatment." Metals 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2023): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13040660.

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Deep cryogenic treatment has shown promise as a facile method of increasing the characteristics of many materials including alloys of iron, aluminum, and magnesium. However, there have not been any prior studies on its effect on the microstructure and thermal and mechanical properties of magnesium-based nanocomposites. In this study, a Mg/2wt.%CeO2 nanocomposite was processed using disintegrated melt deposition processing coupled with hot extrusion, followed by cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen for 24 h. The characterization results show increases in density (reduction in porosity), ignition temperature, compressive yield strength, compressive ductility, and microhardness. This study, for the first time, shows the significant relevance of deep cryogenic treatment in enhancing an array of properties of a magnesium-based nanocomposite that may be catalytic in improving its application spectrum.

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32

Sirota, Viacheslav V., Marina G. Kovaleva, Igor' E. Shabanov, Marina S. Ageeva, Aleksander S. Kaledin, Andrey A. Selivanov, Andrey V. Olisov, and Nataliya I. Alfimova. "Combined method of grinding and homogenization of fine powders rubbers and other polymers." Engineering Solid Mechanics 10, no. 4 (2022): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.6.002.

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This study presents data on the development and research of cryogenic-vibration grinding process modes which would ensure an efficient grinding process of complex composite systems with a high degree of heterogeneity of components in their composition of products such as fluoroplast, bismuth oxide and tungsten carbide. The general regularities of low-temperature processing and grinding of non-degassed elastomers are established. A method has been tested that establishes the regularities of cryogenic grinding and ultrasonic homogenization of a complex mechanical system, the microstructure and dispersed compositions of the ground material have been determined.

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33

Azimi, Amin, Gbadebo Moses Owolabi, Hamid Fallahdoost, Nikhil Kumar, Horace Whitworth, and Grant Warner. "AA2219 Aluminum Alloy Processed via Multi-Axial Forging in Cryogenic and Ambient Environments." Journal of Materials Science Research 8, no. 2 (March 6, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1.

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This paper presents the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline AA2219 processed by multi axial forging (MAF) at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The X-ray diffraction pattern and transmission electron microscopy micrographs in the initial microstructure characterization indicate a more effective severe plastic deformation during the cryogenic MAF than the same process conducted at room temperature. MAF at cryogenic temperature results in crystallite size reduction to nanoscales as well as second phase particles breakage to finer particles which are the crucial factors to increasing the mechanical properties of the material. Fractography analysis and tensile tests results show that cryogenic forging does not only increase the mechanical strength and toughness of the alloys significantly, but also improves the ductility of the material in comparison with the conventional forging. In this comparative regard, cryogenic processing provides 44% increase in the tensile strength of the material only after 2 forging cycles when compared to the room temperature process. In addition, further forging process to the next cycles slightly enhances the tensile strength at the expense of ductility due to less ability of the dislocations to accumulate. However, the ductility of the ambient temperature forged samples decreases at a faster rate than that of cryoforged samples.

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Sekiguchi, Yuki, Masaki Yamamoto, Tomotaka Oroguchi, Yuki Takayama, Shigeyuki Suzuki, and Masayoshi Nakasako. "IDATENandG-SITENNO: GUI-assisted software for coherent X-ray diffraction imaging experiments and data analyses at SACLA." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 6 (October 3, 2014): 1378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514017111.

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Using our custom-made diffraction apparatus KOTOBUKI-1 and two multiport CCD detectors, cryogenic coherent X-ray diffraction imaging experiments have been undertaken at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) facility. To efficiently perform experiments and data processing, two software suites with user-friendly graphical user interfaces have been developed. The first is a program suite namedIDATEN, which was developed to easily conduct four procedures during experiments: aligning KOTOBUKI-1, loading a flash-cooled sample into the cryogenic goniometer stage inside the vacuum chamber of KOTOBUKI-1, adjusting the sample position with respect to the X-ray beam using a pair of telescopes, and collecting diffraction data by raster scanning the sample with X-ray pulses. NamedG-SITENNO, the other suite is an automated version of the originalSITENNOsuite, which was designed for processing diffraction data. These user-friendly software suites are now indispensable for collecting a large number of diffraction patterns and for processing the diffraction patterns immediately after collecting data within a limited beam time.

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Rudskoi, Andrei I., and Sergey G. Parshin. "Advanced Trends in Metallurgy and Weldability of High-Strength Cold-Resistant and Cryogenic Steels." Metals 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11121891.

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Thermomechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP), the initial microstructure and mechanical properties of rolled products made of high-strength steels, have a significant influence on the properties and reliability of welded structures for low temperature and cryogenic service. This paper systematizes advanced research trends in the field of metallurgy and weldability of high-strength cold-resistant and cryogenic steels. The classification and properties of high-strength steels are given and TMCP diagrams and phase transformations are considered. Modern methods of improving the viscoplasticity of rolled steel and welded joints are analyzed. The problems of the weldability of high-strength steels are reduction of impact toughness at low temperatures, hydrogen embrittlement, anisotropy, and softening of welded joints in the heat-affected zone. The authors propose a systemic concept and methods for improving the metallurgy and weldability of high-strength steels for low temperature and cryogenic service.

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Kvackaj, Tibor, Ivo Demjan, Peter Bella, Róbert Kočiško, Patrik Petroušek, Alica Fedorikova, Jana Bidulská, Miloslav Lupták, Petr Jandačka, and Marcela Lascsáková. "THE INFLUENCE OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CRYO-ROLLED NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 28, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.28.2.1471.

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The paper is focused on a comparison of the magnetic properties of the non-oriented isotropic electrical steel containing 3.5% Si. The material was processed by conventional ambient temperature rolling and progressive rolling at the cryogenic conditions at liquid nitrogen. Deformations of the samples in both thermal conditions were in the interval εÎ<5;35>[%]. Subsequently, the samples were heat treated at temperatures TÎ<900;1100> [°C]. Measuring of the magnetic properties was carried out in an alternating magnetic field at frequencies f= 50; 100; 150 Hz. At a frequency of 50 Hz were achieved smallest magnetic losses and therefore further measurements were made at a given frequency. Followed measurements of the magnetic induction were conducted at different intensities of the magnetic field. EBSD analyses were performed to obtain the IPF maps on which the resulting structure was evaluated after processing of the material. The specific magnetic losses were compared to different processing methods. The best magnetic properties defined as by minimal values of core loses were reached after samples rolled at cryogenic temperature followed by subsequently annealed. Also, higher proportion of cubic texture was archived after rolling at cryogenic temperature with compared to samples processed at ambient temperature.

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Nánási, Zsolt András, Hajnalka Hargitai, and László Mészáros. "Influence of Cryogenic Attrition Ball Milling on the Particle Size of Microcrystalline Cellulose at Different Moisture Contents." Materials Science Forum 885 (February 2017): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.885.202.

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In this study the effect of attrition ball milling on cellulose particle size distribution was studied. The effect of moisture content of cellulose and grinding time were examined and grinding was carried out at room temperature and under cryogenic conditions, as well. The grinds obtained were studied with electron microscope, and the characteristic dimensions of ground particles were determined using image processing software. Results revealed that effective size decrease of cellulose particles was achieved at low moisture content at room temperature, while under cryogenic conditions high moisture content was necessary, i.e. frozen moisture enhances grinding efficiency in the latter case.

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Sokolov, L. I., and A. N. Tyanin. "Investigation of the Processing of Biological Sediments by the Cryogenic Method." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-10-20-25.

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The study of the processes of intensification of sludge dewatering at sludge sites of sewage treatment plants (WWTP) is presented. The parameters that determine the water yielding capacity of the compacted and excess activated sludge have been clarified. The process of cascadecyclic freezing – thawing of biological sediments has been investigated. The degree of influence of cryogenesis on the specific resistance of the sediment filtration and its water yielding has been determined. Dependences of the resistivity of precipitation on the content of ashless substance and freezing temperature have been established.

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Cococcetta, Nicholas, Muhammad P. Jahan, Julius Schoop, Jianfeng Ma, David Pearl, and Mahmudul Hassan. "Post-processing of 3D printed thermoplastic CFRP composites using cryogenic machining." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 68 (August 2021): 332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.05.054.

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Lee, H. J., W. A. Anderson, H. Hardtdegen, and H. Lüth. "Barrier height enhancement of Schottky diodes onn‐In0.53Ga0.47As by cryogenic processing." Applied Physics Letters 63, no. 14 (October 4, 1993): 1939–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110607.

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Khodabakhshi, F., A. P. Gerlich, A. Simchi, and A. H. Kokabi. "Cryogenic friction-stir processing of ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–TiO2 nanocomposites." Materials Science and Engineering: A 620 (January 2015): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.10.048.

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Kimmel, Hans. "Speed controlled turbines for power recovery in cryogenic and chemical processing." World Pumps 1997, no. 369 (June 1997): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(00)80137-6.

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He, Zhengyu, Xiaochen Wang, Wenshuo Xu, Yingqiu Zhou, Yuewen Sheng, Youmin Rong, Jason M. Smith, and Jamie H. Warner. "Revealing Defect-State Photoluminescence in Monolayer WS2 by Cryogenic Laser Processing." ACS Nano 10, no. 6 (June 13, 2016): 5847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b00714.

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Baker, Corey, Arman Siahvashi, Jordan Oakley, Thomas Hughes, Darren Rowland, Stanley Huang, and Eric F. May. "Advanced predictions of solidification in cryogenic natural gas and LNG processing." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 137 (October 2019): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2019.05.006.

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Vahdat, Seyed Ebrahim. "Effect of deep cryogenic processing on tensile toughness of 45WCrV7 steel." International Journal of Steel Structures 14, no. 3 (September 2014): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296-014-3014-9.

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Wang, Fengbiao, and Yongqing Wang. "Effect of cryogenic cooling on adiabatic shearing in processing titanium alloy." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 102, no. 9-12 (February 19, 2019): 3587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03380-3.

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Wang, Fengbiao, and Yongqing Wang. "Research on milling hole of AFRP based on cryogenic cooling processing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 106, no. 11-12 (February 2020): 5277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05057-8.

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48

Woon, David E. "Photoionization in ultraviolet processing of astrophysical ice analogs at cryogenic temperatures." Advances in Space Research 33, no. 1 (January 2004): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2003.07.003.

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49

Pierorazio, Adrian. "Lessons learned from an incident at a cryogenic gas processing facility." Process Safety Progress 35, no. 2 (August 8, 2015): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.11763.

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Niu, Qiu Lin, Qing Long An, Ming Chen, Gang Liu, and Cheng Yong Wang. "Analysis on the Microstructure of Carbide Reamers after the Cryogenic Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.26.

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The cryogenic treatment is an extension of the cold processing technology by which the material properties could be changed. This provides a new method for people to improving the performance of the cutting tools and prolonging the tool life. The micro-structure of two unknown types of carbide reamers after different cryogenic treatment was introduced in this paper. From the metallographic microstructure, SEM microstructure, EDS spectrum analysis and the hardness measurement, the detailed analysis on the microstructure of the reamers (1# and 2#) was provided in this paper. The results show that the matrix materials of the two reamers were the WC-Co cemented carbide, and they were the ultra-fine grain carbide (＜500nm); 2# reamer belonged to the high Co cemented carbide reamer. By the cryogenic treatment, the hardness of two reamers has increased. And the value of the hardness for 1# reamer was higher than that for 2#.

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