Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cryogenic processing

Academic literature on the topic 'Cryogenic processing'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cryogenic processing"

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Nie, Yu Shuang, Guang Ren Sun, and Xian Ling Zhang. "Design of Green Processing Chain for Processing of Ginseng Fruit Vinegar." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.988.

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Using ginseng, wild wine and acetic acid to the orthogonal experiment method to determine the fermentation process, low temperature and cryogenic grinding fermentation brewing vinegar. The results showed that: cryogenic grinding with a significant impact on the quality of the wine, the best ginseng vinegar fermentation parameters for initial dosage of 6% alcohol, fermentation temperature was 31 °C, fermentation time was 96h.By mixed fermentation Changbai Mountain forest berries and ginseng significantly alter the flavor of vinegar.
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Arykov, A. K., and K. Khaydarov. "CRYOGENIC PROCESSING OF DIAMOND COMPOSITES." Vestnik of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University 22, no. 4 (2022): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36979/1694-500x-2022-22-4-3-7.

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Yuryev, Y. N., Y. S. Jang, S. K. Kim, K. B. Lee, M. K. Lee, S. J. Lee, W. S. Yoon, and Y. H. Kim. "Signal processing in cryogenic particle detection." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 635, no. 1 (April 2011): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.127.

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He, L., and J. E. Siewenie. "Cryogenic processing of thin metal films." Surface and Coatings Technology 150, no. 1 (February 2002): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(01)01504-3.

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Deptuck, D., M. M. Lowry, and I. C. Girit. "Signal processing for cryogenic micro-calorimetry." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 93, no. 3-4 (November 1993): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00693432.

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Shi, Z. Q., and W. A. Anderson. "Cryogenic processing of metal/GaAs schottky diodes." Solid-State Electronics 35, no. 10 (October 1992): 1427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(92)90078-q.

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Wang, Fei, and Yong Cai Chen. "Study about the Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of PCrNi3MoVA Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.303.

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On the basis of processing the PCrNi3MoVA steel with cryogenic treatment and then experimenting with the static tensile and impulse at room temperature, the effects of cryogenic treatment on macro-mechanical properties of the material is studied. The test results show that tensile mechanical property of PCrNi3MoVA steel can be improved with appropriate number of cryogenic treatment, otherwise can be weakened if the number is inappropriate; at the same time, there is no influence of cryogenic treatment on impact toughness of the material
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ALEKSANDROVA, I. V., E. R. KORESHEVA, I. E. OSIPOV, V. I. GOLOV, and V. I. CHTCHERBAKOV. "Microtomography data processing methods for cryogenic target characterization." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 4 (October 1999): 729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699174172.

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Determining the cryogenic target parameters with high precision calls for the development of a new direction in the area of target characterization based on microtomography methods of data processing. In this report we present our first results in this area.
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Pavlyuk, Raisa, Viktoriya Pogarska, Vadim Pavlyuk, Katerina Balabai, and Svetlana Loseva. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRYOGENIC METHOD OF DEEP TREATMENT OF INULIN-CONTAINING VEGETABLES (TOPINAMBOUR) AND OBTAINING OF PREBIOTICS IN THE NANOPOWDERS FORM." EUREKA: Life Sciences 3 (May 31, 2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2016.00145.

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The aim of the work is elaboration of the principally new cryogenic method of deep processing of inulin-containing vegetables (topinambour) using cryogenic “shock” freezing and fine-dispersed comminution and getting of it nanopowders (prebiotics). There was elaborated principally new cryogenic method of deep processing of topinambour for getting nanopowders – prebiotics. This method differs from traditional ones by the full exclusion of thermal processing of the raw material. Method is based on the use of complex effect of cryogenic “shock” freezing on the raw material using liquid nitrogen, fine-dispersed comminution and sublimation drying. It allows not only preserve biological potential of vegetables but also reveal it more fully and extract the hidden (associated) forms of the low molecular biologically active substances and polymers and transform them into soluble, easily assimilated nanoform. It was established, that cryogenic method allows more fully extract the low molecular biologically active substances from the state associated with biopolymers in nanocomplexes into free one (1,8…2,3 times more than in initial raw material). There was revealed mechanism of process, connected with cryomechanodestruction, non-enzymatic catalysis and mechanocrаcking. It was revealed, that cryogenic methods allows more fully extract heteropulysaccharides – pectin substances, cellulose and proteins from the form associated in nanocomplexes with other biopolymers (1,3…3 times more). It was established, that cryogenic method of topinambour processing allows partially (by 45…55 %) destruct the difficultly soluble biopolymers such as inulin, pectin substances, cellulose and proteins to their separate monomers in soluble nanoform. There were also revealed conformational changes of molecules of topinambour proteins. It was demonstrated, that form changes and the protein molecule, size of its kernel, coat and ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids remains decrease. It was demonstrated, that topinambour nanopowders outgo the known analogues of traditional topinambour powders by chemical and disperse composition. It was established that their assimilability is 3 times higher than in traditional ones.
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Razavykia, Abbas, Cristiana Delprete, and Paolo Baldissera. "Correlation between Microstructural Alteration, Mechanical Properties and Manufacturability after Cryogenic Treatment: A Review." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203302.

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Cryogenic treatment is a supplemental structural and mechanical properties refinement process to conventional heat treatment processes, quenching, and tempering. Cryogenic treatment encourages the improvement of material properties and durability by means of microstructural alteration comprising phase transfer, particle size, and distribution. These effects are almost permanent and irreversible; furthermore, cryogenic treatment is recognized as an eco-friendly, nontoxic, and nonexplosive process. In addition, to encourage the application of sustainable techniques in mechanical and manufacturing engineering and to improve productivity in current competitive markets, cryo-treatment can be considered as a promising process. However, while improvements in the properties of materials after cryogenic treatment are discussed by the majority of reported studies, the correlation between microstructural alteration and mechanical properties are unclear, and sometimes the conducted investigations are contradictory with each other. These contradictions provide different approaches to perform and combine cryogenic treatment with pre-and post-processing. The present literature survey, mainly focused on the last decade, is aimed to address the effects of cryogenic treatment on microstructural alteration and to correlate these changes with mechanical property variations as a consequence of cryo-processing. The conclusion of the current review discusses the development and outlines the trends for the future research in this field.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cryogenic processing"

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Huang, Bo. "Cryogenic Processing of Al 7050-T7451 Alloy for Improved Surface Integrity." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/78.

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Al 7050-T7451 alloy with good combinations of strength, stress corrosion cracking resistance and toughness, is used broadly in the aerospace/aviation industry for fatigue-critical airframe structural components. However, it is also considered as a highly anisotropic alloy as the crack growth behavior along the short transverse direction is very different from the one in the long transverse direction, due to the inhomogeneous microstructure with the elongated grains distributed in the work material used in the sheet/plate applications. Further processes on these materials are needed to improve its mechanical and material properties and broaden its applications. The material with ultra-fine or nano grains exhibits improved wear and corrosion resistance, higher hardness and better fatigue life, compared to the one with coarse grains. In recent times, the development of novel processing technologies has gained great attention in the research community to enhance the properties of the materials employed in the aerospace, biomedical, precision instrument, automotive, nuclear/power industries. These novel processing technologies modify the microstructure of this alloy and improve the properties. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the effects of cryogenic processes, including friction stir processing (FSP), machining and burnishing, on Al 7050-T7451 alloy to solve the inhomogeneity issue and improve its surface integrity. FSP is applied to modify the microstructure of Al 7050-T7451 alloy for achieving more homogeneous structure with near ultra-fine grains (UFG) which were less than 2 µm, particularly in cryogenic FSP with liquid nitrogen as the coolant. Approximately 10% increase could be observed from the hardness measurement from the samples processed by cryogenic FSP, in contrast to dry FSP. Also, the texture change from Al (200) to Al (111) could be achieved in all the samples processed by dry and cryogenic FSP. Cryogenic machining and burnishing processes were also applied to enhance the surface integrity of the manufactured components with near-UFG structure. The highest cutting temperature was reduced by up to 44.7% due to the rapid cooling effect of liquid nitrogen in cryogenic machining, compared with dry machining. Nano grains were produced in the refined layers induced by cryogenic burnishing. And, up to 35.4% hardness increase was obtained within the layer depth of 200 µm in the cryogenically-burnished surface. A numerical finite element method (FEM) model was developed for predicting the process performance in burnishing. Less than 10% difference between the experimental and predicted burnishing forces was achieved in the simulation of cryogenic burnishing, and reasonable predictions were also achieved for temperatures, severe plastic deformation (SPD) layers.
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Cammack, Darren S. "The control of metal-nInGaAs and nInAlAs interfaces by cryogenic processing." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1999. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19420/.

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The physical and chemical properties of In- and Au- interfaces with In[0.53]Ga[0.47]As/InP(100) and In[0.52]Al[0.48]As(100) formed at room and low temperatures have been studied. Current-voltage measurements have indicated that In contacts to Ino[0.53]Ga[0.47]As(100) formed at 80K exhibit significantly higher Schottky barriers (&phis;b=0.45 eV) than In diodes formed at 294K (&phis;b=0.30 eV), whereas Au diodes formed on In[0.53]Ga[0.47]As(100) at either low temperature or room temperature exhibit Ohmic behaviour. The reactions occurring during interface formation at room and low temperatures have been investigated using soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SXPS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).The results presented show that In metallisation of In[0.53]Ga[0.47]As(100) at room temperature results in a predominantly three dimensional mode of growth, accompanied by the out-diffusion of As. Low temperature (125K) metallisation appears to reduce clustering and inhibit As out-diffusion. Examination of the resulting interfaces by TEM confirm the more uniform nature of the metal layers formed at low temperature. Metallisation temperature seems to have little effect on the formation of Au-In[0.53]Ga[0.47]As(100) interfaces, other than to reduce the extent of overlayer clustering, with As out-diffusion apparent for both low and room temperature Au deposition. Interfaces formed between In and In[0.52]Al[0.48]As(100) at both low and room temperature were relatively abrupt with no out-diffusion of substrate species into the metal overlayer. Low temperature metallisation again appeared to reduce overlayer clustering, with TEM studies showing a smaller grain size at low temperature. Au deposition onto In[0.52]Al[0.48]As(100) produced similar interfaces formed at room and low temperature. As diffuses into the Au overlayer to form an Au/As compound at both temperatures, resulting in an interface that is complex and reacted. The degree of overlayer clustering is also thought to be much less pronounced for Au deposition compared to In deposition. Barrier heights measured by SXPS during the study, show good agreement with reported current-voltage measurements for Au and In diodes formed on both In[0.53]Ga[0.47]As/InP(100) and In[0.52]Al[0.48]As(100). Possible mechanisms for the observed adaptation of the pinning position are discussed in the context of current models of Schottky barrier formation.
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Jensen, Mark. "Energy Process Enabled by Cryogenic Carbon Capture." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5711.

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Global climate change concerns help shape current environmental regulations, which increasingly seek to reduce or capture CO2 emissions. Methods for capturing CO2 emissions from energy processes have been the focus of numerous studies to provide support for those seeking to reduce the environmental impact of their processes. This research has (1) simulated a baseline case of energy-storing cryogenic carbon capture for implementation on a 550 MWe coal fired power plant, (2) presented a novel cryogenic carbon capture process for removing CO2 from natural gas down to arbitrary levels, (3) presented a natural gas liquefaction process that has the ability to be highly CO2 tolerant, and (4) developed theoretical models and their experimental validation of CO2 capture predictions for all aforementioned processes.
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Mohammed, Anwaruddin. "ACHIEVING ULTRAFINE GRAINS IN Mg AZ31B-O ALLOY BY CRYOGENIC FRICTION STIR PROCESSING AND MACHINING." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ms_etds/1.

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This thesis presents results from the application of cryogenic cooling on multiple-pass friction stir processing and the subsequent orthogonal machining on friction stir processed and as-received Mg AZ31B-O disks, and shows their combined effects on microstructure and microhardness values. A simple friction stir tool, a specially designed fixture and liquid nitrogen are used to perform multiple-pass friction stir processing experiments on Mg AZ31B-O alloy. The friction stir processed and as-received sheets are then made into disks for the orthogonal machining experiments. This study analyzes the microhardness, microstructure changes by cryogenic friction stir processing and the effect of machining conditions such as dry, MQL and cryogenic and cutting parameters on the Mg AZ31B-O alloy. Four different speeds and three different feed rates are used for the orthogonal machining experiments. The effects of stirring parameters such as the translational feed, rotational speed, cooling conditions and the machining parameters are studied. The resulting microstructure and microhardness from these processes hold a key to the mechanical properties of the alloy. This analysis would help to understand and evaluate the specific aspects of grain size and microhardness that influence the fatigue life of a component.
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Thornton, R. W. "Investigating the effects of cryogenic processing on the wear performance and microstructure of engineering materials." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6935/.

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Cryogenic processing (or cryogenic treatment or ‘cryotreatment’) includes a range of batch heat treatment processes conducted at temperatures below 193K (-80°C). These processes have been industrially applied since the first half of the Twentieth Century and commercially available for around forty years in the United States and Europe. During this time remarkable improvements (of up to 1257%) in the wear resistance of tool steels have been reported, along with smaller but significant improvements in hardness and other mechanical properties. While martensitic tool steels have been the focus of the bulk of published research in this field, substantial effects have also been reported in other important engineering materials. However, coherent findings backed up by sound experimental results, analyses and appropriate metallurgical investigations have so far proved elusive. Currently, a significant portion of cryogenic treatment services are applied to automotive brake rotors and industrial cutting tools. Therefore a range of materials used in these applications were subjected to a combination of tribological testing and microstructural analyses to evaluate the effects of deep cryogenic treatment (93K). Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) was determined to improve the sliding wear resistance of EN10083 C50R pearlitic carbon steel, and AISI A2, D6 and M2 austenitic (as-cast) tool steels. Qualitative observations suggested that improvements in these tool steels were due to an increase in <100nm carbides following DCT. In the case of pearlitic carbon steel, however, no such observations were made, even following further characterisation of the material. It was theorised that the precipitation of nano carbides, along grain boundaries that were unable to be thoroughly investigated, were instead responsible. Mixed changes in the wear resistance of SAE J431 G10 grey cast iron are reported, thought to be as a result of the degradation of graphite flakes, but with similar beneficial changes as theorised to occur in C50R steel thought likely. Furthermore, DCT was determined to have improved the abrasive wear resistance of SHM H13A cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide (WC-Co) turning inserts, when used to machine AISI 1045 steel, although indications of reduced toughness were also observed. DCT was determined to primarily effect the Co-binder phase, resulting in greater resistance to WC grain removal, but greater vulnerability to crack propagation. In discussing these results, methodologies necessary for understanding the effects of cryogenic treatments are reviewed from an industrial or ‘applications-based’ and a scientific or ‘materials-based’ perspective. Finally, the significance of these findings was critically assessed, with a range of improvements to methodologies suggested.
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Fazlollahi, Farhad. "Dynamic Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Processing with Energy Storage Applications." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5956.

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The cryogenic carbon capture™ (CCC) process provides energy- and cost-efficient carbon capture and can be configured to provide an energy storage system using an open-loop natural gas (NG) refrigeration system, which is called energy storing cryogenic carbon capture (CCC-ES™). This investigation focuses on the transient operation and especially on the dynamic response of this energy storage system and explores its efficiency, effectiveness, design, and operation. This investigation included four tasks.The first task explores the steady-state design of four different natural gas liquefaction processes simulated by Aspen HYSYS. These processes differ from traditional LNG process in that the CCC process vaporizes the LNG and the cold vapors return through the LNG heat exchangers, exchanging sensible heat with the incoming flows. The comparisons include costs and energy performance with individually optimized processes, each operating at three operating conditions: energy storage, energy recovery, and balanced operation. The second task examines steady-state and transient models and optimization of natural gas liquefaction using Aspen HYSYS. Steady-state exergy and heat exchanger efficiency analyses characterize the performance of several potential systems. Transient analyses of the optimal steady-state model produced most of the results discussed here. The third task explores transient Aspen HYSYS modeling and optimization of two natural gas liquefaction processes and identifies the rate-limiting process components during load variations. Novel flowrate variations included in this investigation drive transient responses of all units, especially compressors and heat exchangers. Model-predictive controls (MPC) effectively manages such heat exchangers and compares favorably with results using traditional controls. The last task shows how an unprocessed natural gas (NG) pretreatment system can remove more than 90% of the CO2 from NG with CCC technology using Aspen Plus simulations and experimental data. This task shows how CCC-based technology can treat NG streams to prepare them for LNG use. Data from an experimental bench-scale apparatus verify simulation results. Simulated results on carbon (CO2) capture qualitatively and quantitatively agree with experimental results as a function of feedstock properties.
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Caudill, James R. "ENHANCED SURFACE INTEGRITY WITH THERMALLY STABLE RESIDUAL STRESS FIELDS AND NANOSTRUCTURES IN CRYOGENIC PROCESSING OF TITANIUM ALLOY TI-6AL-4V." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/134.

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Burnishing is a chipless finishing process used to improve surface integrity by severe plastic deformation (SPD) of surface asperities. As surface integrity in large measure defines the functional performance and fatigue life of aerospace alloys, burnishing is thus a means of increasing the fatigue life of critical components, such as turbine and compressor blades in gas turbine engines. Therefore, the primary objective of this dissertation is to characterize the burnishing-induced surface integrity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in terms of the implemented processing parameters. As the impact of cooling mechanisms on surface integrity from SPD processing is largely unexplored, a particular emphasis was placed upon evaluating the influence of cryogenic cooling with liquid nitrogen in comparison to more conventional methodologies. Analysis of numerical and experimental results reveals that burnishing facilitates grain refinement via continuous dynamic recrystallization. Application of LN2 during SPD processing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy suppresses the growth of new grains, leading to the formation of near-surface nanostructures which exhibit increased microhardness and compressive residual stress fields. This is particularly true in cryogenic multipass burnishing, where successive tool passes utilizing lower working pressures generate thermally stable work hardened surface layers, uniform nano-level surface finishes, and significantly deeper layers of compressive residual stresses.
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Singh, Jagat. "Commissioning of an Arc-Melting/Vacuum Quench Furnace Facility for Fabrication of Ni-Ti-Fe Shape Memory Alloys, and the Characterization." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2104.

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Shape memory alloys when deformed can produce strains as high as 8%. Heating results in a phase transformation and associated recovery of all the accumulated strain, a phenomenon known as shape memory. This strain recovery can occur against large forces, resulting in their use as actuators. The goal of this project is to lower the operating temperature range of shape memory alloys in order for them to be used in cryogenic switches, seals, valves, fluid-line repair and self-healing gaskets for space related technologies. The Ni-Ti-Fe alloy system, previously used in Grumman F-14 aircrafts and activated at 120 K, is further developed through arc-melting a range of compositions and subsequent thermo-mechanical processing. A controlled atmosphere arc-melting facility and vertical vacuum quench furnace facility was commissioned to fabricate these alloys. The facility can create a vacuum of 10-7 Torr and heat treat samples up to 977 °C. High purity powders of Ni, Ti and Fe in varying ratios were mixed and arc-melted into small buttons weighing 0.010 kg to 0.025 kg. The alloys were subjected to solutionizing and aging treatments. A combination of rolling, electro-discharge machining and low-speed cutting techniques were used to produce strips. Successful rolling experiments highlighted the workability of these alloys. The shape memory effect was successfully demonstrated at liquid nitrogen temperatures through a constrained recovery experiment that generated stresses of over 40 MPa. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a dilatometry setup was used to characterize the fabricated materials and determine relationships between composition, thermo-mechanical processing parameters and transformation temperatures.
M.S.M.S.E.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science and Engineering
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CASTRO, Alessandra Almeida, and Alessandra Almeida Castro PAGANI. "Propriedades térmicas, qualidade e armazenabilidade de camarão (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone) congelados em temperaturas criogênicas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2004. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/2003.

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Capes
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o efeito das técnicas de: a) congelamento nas temperaturas de -20 °C, -196 °C e -170 °C; b) armazenamento as temperaturas de (-20 °C, -30 °C e -170 °C, e c) do método de descongelamento (temperatura ambiente: aproximadamente 25 °C e em banho termostatizado: 35 °C) sobre duas amostras de camarão: 1) com exoesqueleto e cabeça e 2) sem exoesqueleto e sem cabeça, por um período de 12 meses de armazenamento. Foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: a) características físicas (massa, comprimento, espessura e volume); b) cinética de congelamento as temperaturas de -20 °C, -170 °C e -196 °C; c) propriedades termofisicas (densidade, calor específico, difusividade térmica e condutividade térmica); d) características físico-químicas (conteúdo de água, cinzas, proteínas, pH, carboidratos, gorduras, calorias, exsudado e um atributo de textura: dureza); e) caracterização microbiológica (salmonela, coliformes fecais, vibrio parahaemolyticus) e f) avaliação sensorial (sabor, odor, textura e aparência), visando verificar a eficácia das técnicas de congelamento e descongelamento na qualidade do camarão armazenado. Na análise da cinética, as curvas de congelamento obtidas à temperatura de -20 °C para o camarão com exoesqueleto e cabeça e para o filé foram observadas claramente as três fases, ou seja, resfriamento, cristalização e pós-congelamento. Este fato também ocorreu para o camarão com cabeça congelado a -170 °C, já para o filé congelado a -170 °C não se distinguiu com clareza a fase I da Fase II, ou seja, a fase de resfriamento e a fase de cristalização, fato este atribuído a maior velocidade de congelamento. Nas curvas de congelamento do camarão com cabeça e filé quando estes foram submetidos ao congelamento por imersão em N2 líquido (-196 °C) também não se observou uma distinção entre as fases de resfriamento e cristalização. Com relação às propriedades termofisicas, a densidade do camarão "fresco" (25 °C) com exoesqueleto e cabeça foi de l,066g/cm3 e do filé foi de l,02g/cm3. Os valores médios do calor específico do camarão com exoesqueleto e do filé "fresco" foram de 0,84 e 0,86 kcal/kg °C, respectivamente e para o camarão com exoesqueleto e filé à temperatura de -170 °C foram de 0,28 kcal/kg °C, 0,31 kcal/kg °C e a -196 °C foram de 0,25 kcal/kg °C e 0,28 kcal/kg °C, respectivamente. A difusividade efetiva média do camarão com exoesqueleto às temperaturas de -20 °C, -170 °C e -196 °C, foi de 9,13 x 10 3 mm2/s; 29 x 10 3 mm2/s; 571,8 x 10 3 mm2/s e para o filé nas mesmas temperaturas foi 9,9 x 10 3 mm2/s; 28,1 x IO"3 mm2/s; 384,3 x IO"3 mm2/s. A condutividade térmica média para o camarão com exoesqueleto às temperaturas de -170°C e -196 °C foi de 0,032 W/m °C e 0,499 W/m °C e para o filé nas mesmas temperaturas foi de 0,029 W/m °C e 0,371 W/m °C, respectivamente. Na caracterização físico-química, tanto nos camarões com cabeça quanto nos filés, congelados e armazenados em vapor de N2 (-170 °C) mantiveram-se inalterados o conteúdo de água, cinzas, proteínas, pH, gorduras e exsudado, durante todo o período de armazenagem. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas dos camarões frescos, depois de congelados e durante os 12 meses de armazenamento, apresentaram ausência de salmonela, de coliformes fecais e vibrio parahaemolyticus. Na avaliação sensorial quanto aos atributos sabor, odor, textura e aparência, os degustadores demonstraram preferência pelas amostras congeladas e armazenadas em vapor de N2, as amostras que tiveram menores índices de aceitabilidade foram às congeladas e armazenadas a -20 °C. Concluiu-se ainda que tanto no sabor, odor e textura, em todos os tratamentos, as médias das notas dos camarões descongelados em banho termostatizado à temperatura de 35 °C foram menores que as descongeladas a temperatura ambiente, todavia, na avaliação da aparência do camarão com exoesqueleto e cabeça, quando descongeladas em banho termostatizado a 35 °C, apresentaram notas mais elevadas que as descongeladas à temperatura ambiente, tal fato é atribuído a astaxantina existente em crustáceos, que quando aquecida dá a cor alaranjada ao camarão.
The objective of this research was to study the effect of techniques of: 1) freezing in temperatures of-20 °C, -196 °C and -170 °C; 2) storage in temperatures of (-20 °C, -30 °C and -170 °C, and 3) of unfreezing method ( environmental temperature: approximately 25 °C and in thermostatized bath: 35 °C) on two samples of shrimp: 1) with exoskeleton and head and 2) without exoskeleton and head, for a period of 12 months of storage. The following parameters had been determined: 1) physical characteristics (mass, length, thickness and volume); 2) kinetic freezing of temperatures at -20 °C, -170 °C and -196 °C; 3) thermophysical properties (density, specific heat, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity); 4) physicochemical characteristic (water content, ashes, proteins, pH, carbohydrates, fats, calories, exuded and an texture attribution: hardness); 5) microbiological characterization (salmonella, fecale coliform, vibrio parahaemolyticus) and 6) sensorial evaluation (flavor, scent, texture and appearance), aiming to verify the effectiveness of freezing and unfreezing techniques in the quality of the stored shrimp. During kinetic analysis, the curves of freezing obtained at the temperature of -20 °C for the shrimp with the head and exoskeleton for the filet, the three phases, or better saying, cooling, crystallization and after-freezing were clearly observed. This fact also occurred for the shrimp with frozen head at -170 °C, on the other hand for the filet at -170 °C, it was not easy to distinguish with clarity phase I from Phase II, in other words, the phases of cooling and crystallization, due to the speed of freezing. At the shrimps with head freezing curve, it was observed that when these were submitted to freezing by immersion in liquid N2 (-196 °C) there was not any distinction between the phases of cooling and crystallization. In relation to the thermophysical properties, the density of fresh shrimp (25 °C) with exoskeleton and head were of l,066g/cm3 and of that of filet was l,02g/cm3. The average values of the specific heat of the shrimp with exoskeleton and fresh filet is of 0,84 and 0,86 kcal/kg °C, respectively and for shrimp with exoskeleton and filet at temperature of -170 °C were of 0,28 kcal/kb °C, 0.31 kcal/kg °C and 196°C were of 0,25 kcal/kg °C and 0,28 kcal/kg °C, respectively. The medium diffusivity effectiveness of the shrimp with exoskeleton at the temperatures of -20 °C, -170 °C and -196 °C, was of 9,13 x 10"3 mm2/s; 29 x 10"3 mm2/s; 571,8 x 10"3 mm2/s and for the filet at the same temperature was 9,9 x 10"3 mm2/s temperatures was; 28.1 x 10"3 mm2/s; 384,3 x 10"3 mm2/s. The average thermal conductivity for shrimp with exoskeleton at -170 °C and -196 °C was of 0,032 W/m °C and 0,499 W/m °C and for filet at the temperature was of 0,029 W/m °C and 0.371 W/m °C, respectively. For physicist-chemistry characterization, both in shrimps with head as well as that of filet, frozen and stored in N2 vapor (-170 °C) the water content, proteins, pH, fats and exuded remained unchanged during all the period of storage. The results of the microbiological analyses of the fresh shrimps, after been frozen and during 12 months of storage, presented absence of salmonella, fecal coliform and vibrio parahaemolyticus. In the sensorial evaluation as much as flavor, scent, texture and appearance are concerned, the testators demonstrated preference for samples frozen and stored in vapor of N2, the samples with the least acceptability indices were those frozen and stored at -20 °C. It was concluded that in the flavor, scent and texture, in all the treatments, the average notes of defrosted shrimps in thermostatized bath of 35 °C temperature were less than those defrosted at environmental temperature, however, in the evaluation of the appearance of the shrimp with exoskeleton and head, when defrosted at thermostatized bath of 35 °C, presented higher notes than those defrosted at environmental temperature, such facts are attributed to astaxantine existing in crustaceans, which when heated, gives the shrimp that gives the orange color to the shrimp,
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Huang, Shang-Tzi, and 黃聖財. "Study of Schottky Contact with Cryogenic Processing and Characterization of Semiconductor Material by Photoreflectance Modulation technique." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43678271955579564017.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電子物理學系
82
In this thesis, we stuty Photoreflectance spectroscopy and the characteristics of Schottky contacts with cryogenic processing. The Schottky contacts with cryogenic processing reserve an amorphous-like structure at the interface. This metal-insulator -semiconductor(MIS)-like structure at the interface enhances the barrier height. From FKO( Franz-Keldysh Oscillation ) of photoreflectance spectroscopy shows that the built-in electric field of Schottky contacts in cryogenic processing is 1.3 times as large as in room temperature processing. In addition, we use the nondestructive measurement system to study the energy state of GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice, InGaAs/GaAs strain quantum well laser structure,InAlGaAs material.
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Books on the topic "Cryogenic processing"

1

Waldron, R. D. Lunar processing options for liquefaction and storage of cryogens. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 1988.

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Mihaylov, Vyacheslav, Elena Sotnikova, and Nina Kalpina. Eco-friendly air protection systems for motor transport facilities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1093106.

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The textbook considers the issue of assessing the heat and humidity state of air in the processes of its processing in various systems, provides requirements for air protection means, taking into account their environmental friendliness, shows ways of energy saving in cooling, heating and year-round air conditioning systems, as well as when protecting the atmosphere from harmful emissions. The way of energy saving with individual thermal protection of the operator by means of local cooling during air treatment in an irrigated intensified nozzle is shown and recommendations for reducing its material consumption are developed. The method and means of reducing the toxicity of emissions of tractor internal combustion engines during its operation in rooms of limited volume by water vapor humidification of the fuel-air mixture are demonstrated. The ways of noise reduction of air protection systems are shown. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying in the specialties "Ground transport and technical means", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Power engineering", "Ground transport and technological complexes", "Refrigeration, cryogenic equipment and life support systems", "Technosphere safety", "Ecology and nature management".
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Braton, Norman R. Cryogenic Recycling and Processing. Edited by Norman R. Braton. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351071253.

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Cryogenic Recycling and Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Braton, Norman R. Cryogenic Recycling and Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Braton, Norman R. Cryogenic Recycling and Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Braton, Norman R. Cryogenic Recycling and Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Braton, Norman R. Cryogenic Recycling and Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Cardwell, David A., David C. Larbalestier, and Aleksander Braginski. Handbook of Superconductivity: Processing and Cryogenics, Volume Two. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Cardwell, David A., David C. Larbalestier, and Aleksander Braginski. Handbook of Superconductivity: Processing and Cryogenics, Volume Two. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cryogenic processing"

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Singh, Himani, Murlidhar Meghwal, and Pramod K. Prabhakar. "Cryogenic Freezing." In Food Processing, 181–94. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003163251-8.

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Breidenbaugh, Arnie. "Advanced Cryogenic Processing: Frequently Asked Questions." In 63rd Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 22, Issue 5, 137–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294710.ch14.

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Kalia, Susheel, and Shao-Yun Fu. "Cryogenic Processing: State of the Art, Advantages and Applications." In Polymers at Cryogenic Temperatures, 1–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35335-2_1.

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Tachikawa, Kyoji. "Processing of Nb3Al and Other Emerging Superconductors." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1049–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_124.

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Sastry, P. V. P. S. S., K. M. Amm, D. C. Knoll, S. C. Peterson, and J. Schwartz. "Synthesis and Processing of Doped Hg1Ba2Ca2Cu3Oy Superconductors." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 477–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9056-6_63.

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Black, M. A., and P. J. McGinn. "Reduced pO2 Melt Processing of YBa2Cu3O6+x." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 687–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_92.

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Neumüller, H. W., M. Wilhelm, K. Fischer, A. Jenovelis, M. Schubert, and Chr Rodig. "Processing and Properties of 2223 BiPbSrCaCuO Silver Sheathed Tapes." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 139–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9053-5_19.

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Guo, Y. Y., Y. Liang, P. R. Yang, and Q. H. Xiao. "Development and Research of a Cryogenic Plant for Recycling and Processing Wasted Tires." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1715–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4215-5_97.

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Balachandran, U., M. Lelovic, T. Deis, N. G. Eror, P. Haldar, and V. Selvamanickam. "Recent Advances in Processing of Ag-Clad Bi-2223 Superconductors." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 525–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9056-6_69.

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Foner, S., C. L. H. Thieme, S. Pourrahimi, and B. B. Schwartz. "Practical Processing of A-15 Multifilamentary Superconducting Wire from Powders: Nb3Al and Nb3Sn." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1031–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_122.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cryogenic processing"

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Holmes, D. Scott. "Cryogenic Electronics And Quantum Information Processing." In 2021 IEEE International Roadmap for Devices and Systems Outbriefs. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irds54852.2021.00012.

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Holesinger, T. G. "The Effect of Alumina Additions on the Processing of Bi-2212 Conductors." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2192410.

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Renaud, C. V. "Nb3Sn Powder-in-Tube Superconductor: Processing, Design Optimization and Properties." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Transactions of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1774591.

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Rudziak, M. K. "Development of multifilament jelly-roll NbAl precursor for melt-quench processing." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Proceedings of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472647.

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Buta, F. "Processing-superconducting property correlation studies in RHQT-processed Niobium-Aluminum superconductors." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Proceedings of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472648.

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Tachikawa, K. "Optimization of processing parameter of (Nb,Ta)[sub 3]Sn superconductors with Ta-Sn core." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Proceedings of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472632.

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Buta, F. "Phase formation during the rapid-heating step of RHQT Nb[sub 3]Al superconductor processing." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Proceedings of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472646.

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Honjo, T. "MOD-TFA processing for REBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 7−δ] coated conductors." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Proceedings of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472589.

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Baca, F. J., T. G. Holesinger, J. Y. Coulter, H. Miao, Y. Huang, J. Parrell, S. Campbell, et al. "Effect of pre-annealing in thermal processing of Bi-2212 round wires." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Transactions of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Volume 58. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4712114.

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Karasev, Y. V., V. I. Pantsyrny, D. S. Novosiliva, M. V. Polikarpova, L. V. Potanina, I. N. Gubkin, and A. V. Malchenkov. "The effect of final processing steps on RRR of NbTi strands for ITER PF coils." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Transactions of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Volume 58. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4712095.

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Reports on the topic "Cryogenic processing"

1

Geng, Rongli. Processing and cryogenic RF testing of PKU-4C-1206. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1466756.

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McCammon, K., J. Morse, D. Masquelier, C. McConaghey, H. Garrett, K. Hugenberg, M. Lowry, E. Track, and L. Bunz. Performance characterization of photonic links in cryogenic environments for advanced signal processing applications. Revision 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10168485.

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