Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cryogenic Instrumentation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cryogenic Instrumentation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cryogenic Instrumentation"

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Poncet, J. M., J. Manzagol, A. Attard, J. André, L. Bizel-Bizellot, P. Bonnay, E. Ercolani, et al. "Cryogenic instrumentation for ITER magnets." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 171 (February 2017): 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/171/1/012130.

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Vaught, Louis, Vasilis Tsigkis, and Andreas A. Polycarpou. "Development of a controlled-atmosphere, rapid-cooling cryogenic chamber for tribological and mechanical testing." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 083911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102702.

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Mechanical testing of seals, bearing materials, and mechanisms in cryogenic environments is a rapidly growing field of research, as it promises improvements in equipment performance and reliability for applications such as space exploration, liquid hydrocarbon storage, and superconducting devices. Cooling of test equipment is usually performed within a well-insulated test chamber, via direct or indirect evaporation of liquid cryogen. State-of-the-art equipment is frequently insufficient for rigorous testing, being expensive and cumbersome, cooling slowly, struggling to replicate relevant environmental conditions, and/or failing to reach the temperature of the cryogen. Herein, we employ a rapid prototyping approach using polymer 3D printing to iteratively refine cryogen-based cooling of a tribometer. The final design greatly exceeds the minimum temperature of state-of-the-art equipment, cooling a chamber to liquid nitrogen temperatures (−196 °C) while maintaining dry test conditions. When modified for use on a cryogenic tensile tester, the design cools to −150 °C in 149 s, significantly improving upon state-of-the-art performance. By utilizing this 3D-printed equipment, we find that components produced via Fused Deposition Modeling with unmodified, commodity polylactic acid have favorable mechanical properties in a cryogenic environment: tensile strength of 110 MPa, elongation at break of 10%, and specific wear of 5.6 × 10−5 mm3/Nm against stainless steel. By leveraging 3D printing for rapid manufacture of production-quality parts, highly refined cooling chamber designs have been experimentally developed for both a tribometer and a load frame in rapid succession, enabling significant improvements in cryogenic test capabilities.
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Ricketson, B. W. A. "Cryogenic Temperature Measurement." Platinum Metals Review 33, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214089x3325557.

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Applications of the rhodium-iron resistance thermometer over the last two decades have demonstrated that this sensor has the widest temperature range known; it has been used between 0.01 and 800 K, nearly five orders of magnitude. Recent developments have resulted in the production of a small planar device, which is finding many uses in cryogenic instrumentation.
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Fleischer, S. M., M. P. Ross, K. Venkateswara, C. A. Hagedorn, E. A. Shaw, E. Swanson, B. R. Heckel, and J. H. Gundlach. "A cryogenic torsion balance using a liquid-cryogen free, ultra-low vibration cryostat." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 064505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089933.

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We describe a liquid-cryogen free cryostat with ultra-low vibration levels, which allows for continuous operation of a torsion balance at cryogenic temperatures. The apparatus uses a commercially available two-stage pulse-tube cooler and passive vibration isolation. The torsion balance exhibits torque noise levels lower than room temperature thermal noise by a factor of about four in the frequency range of 3–10 mHz, limited by residual seismic motion and by radiative heating of the pendulum body. In addition to lowering thermal noise below room-temperature limits, the low-temperature environment enables novel torsion balance experiments. Currently, the maximum duration of a continuous measurement run is limited by accumulation of cryogenic surface contamination on the optical elements inside the cryostat.
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Huppi, Ernest Ray. "Cryogenic instrumentation and detector limits in FTS." Mikrochimica Acta 93, no. 1-6 (January 1987): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01201695.

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Tsai, C. C., J. R. Feller, Bimal K. Sarma, and J. B. Ketterson. "Instrumentation for cryogenic microwave cavity resonance measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 75, no. 10 (September 20, 2004): 3158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1781387.

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Creus Prats, J., D. Montanari, M. Adamowski, G. Cline, F. Matichard, M. Delaney, and A. Lawrence. "Status of LBNF/DUNE near site liquid argon proximity and external cryogenics systems development." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012084.

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Abstract The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) near site located at Fermilab will host the neutrino beam complex. It includes a high voltage liquid argon time projection chamber located 60-meter underground used as beamline instrumentation. The LAr cryogenic system provided by the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) regulates thermohydraulic conditions of the membrane cryostat hosting the detector with 285 Ton purified LAr. The purification system uses molecular sieve and copper oxide pellets to manage the argon contamination below 100 ppt (parts per trillion) oxygen equivalent. The detector and its cryogenics are capable to move a stroke of 30 meters on/off beam. The cryogenic system modes of operation include the cryostat pressure test, purge in open loop, detector cooldown, cryostat fill, closed loop purification, liquid empty, and purification system activation/regeneration process. The system design status and schedule, and technical details such as operating modes and interfaces are reported in this paper.
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Boeckmann, T., J. Bolte, Y. Bozhko, M. Clausen, K. Escherich, O. Korth, J. Penning, et al. "Use of PROFIBUS for cryogenic instrumentation at XFEL." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 278 (December 2017): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/278/1/012088.

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Burrows, Nathan D., and R. Lee Penn. "Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy: Aqueous Suspensions of Nanoscale Objects." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 6 (September 4, 2013): 1542–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613013354.

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AbstractDirect imaging of nanoscale objects suspended in liquid media can be accomplished using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Cryo-TEM has been used with particular success in microbiology and other biological fields. Samples are prepared by plunging a thin film of sample into an appropriate cryogen, which essentially produces a snapshot of the suspended objects in their liquid medium. With successful sample preparation, cryo-TEM images can facilitate elucidation of aggregation and self-assembly, as well as provide detailed information about cells and viruses. This work provides an explanation of sample preparation, detailed examples of the many artifacts found in cryo-TEM of aqueous samples, and other key considerations for successful cryo-TEM imaging.
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Yang, Fan, Xinliang Wang, Sichen Fan, Yang Bai, Junru Shi, Dandan Liu, Hui Zhang, et al. "Development and tuning of the microwave resonant cavity of a cryogenic cesium atomic fountain clock." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 044708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082708.

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A cryogenic cesium atomic fountain clock is a novel clock with the microwave cavity and atomic free flight region placed in liquid nitrogen. On the one hand, the blackbody radiation shift is reduced at cryogenic temperature. On the other hand, the vacuum in the atomic free flight region is optimized, and the background gas collision shift reduced. The microwave resonant cavity is the most important unit in a cryogenic cesium atomic fountain clock. Through theoretical and simulative investigation, this study designs the configuration and dimensions for an optimized microwave cavity. Concurrently, experiments reveal the effects of temperature, pressure, humidity, and other factors on the resonant frequency of the microwave cavity. Combining the theoretical and experimental study, we obtain the resonant frequency difference between the microwave cavity in a cryogenic vacuum and at room temperature and ambient pressure. By subtracting this frequency difference, we adjust the microwave cavity for room temperature and ambient pressure, then vacuumize and immerse it in liquid nitrogen for verification and fine tuning. Finally, we determine that the microwave cavity resonant frequency deviation from the clock transition frequency is 10 kHz with an unloaded quality factor of 25 000, which meets the application requirements of the cryogenic cesium atomic fountain clock.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cryogenic Instrumentation"

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Markhasin, Evgeny. "High field DNP and cryogenic MAS NMR : novel instrumentation and applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87469.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, February 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "February 2014."
Includes bibliographical references.
Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has blossomed over the last two decades. As ssNMR is progressively applied to more challenging systems, the sensitivity remains one of its major limiting factors. Gyrotron based high-field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) permits increasing the sensitivity of ssNMR by 1-2 orders magnitude, significantly extending the reach of ssNMR. Successful application of ssNMR/DNP at 5T and 9.4T stimulated interest to extending this technique to higher fields and new applications. Here, the progress toward this goal is presented. It has involved completion of the world highest field magic angle spinning (MAS) DNP spectrometer and a probe for 16.4T, initial DNP experiments on ¹⁷ O nuclei, variable temperature studies of a model tripeptide, and a systematic analysis of a novel approach to high efficiency RF circuit design. The extension of DNP-NMR to 16.4T has required the development of probe technology, cryogenics, gyrotrons, and microwave transmission lines. A novel DNP probe and cryogenic instrumentation permit extended operation at 85-90K and 10kHz MAS. Initial enhancements [epsilon]=-40 and further optimization of experimental conditions is underway. ¹⁷ O detected DNP-NMR of a water/glycerol glass at 5T enabled an 80-fold enhancement of signal intensities at 82K permitting ¹⁷ O- ¹H distance measurements and heteronuclear correlation experiments. Variable temperature MAS NMR studies of a model tripeptide APG in combination with cryogenic calorimetry and XRD revealed a first-order phase transition and severe attenuation of the cross polarization MAS signal in a wide temperature range due to interference between decoupling and 3-fold hopping of the Ala-CH₃ and Ala-NH₃+ groups. A new, efficient strategy for designing balanced transmission line RF circuits for MAS NMR probes based on back propagation of a common impedance node (BPCIN) is presented. In this approach, the impedance node is the sole means of achieving mutual RF isolation and balance in all channels. BPCIN is illustrated using a custom double resonance MAS probe operating at 11.7T.
by Evgeny Markhasin.
Ph. D.
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Waagaard, Elias. "Benchmarking a Cryogenic Code for the FREIA Helium Liquefier." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412781.

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The thermodynamics inside the helium liquefier in the FREIA laboratory still contains many unknowns. The purpose of this project is to develop a theoretical model and implement it in MATLAB, with the help of the CoolProp library. This theoretical model of the FREIA liquefaction cycle aims at finding the unknown parameters not specified in the manual of the manufacturer, starting from the principle of enthalpy conservation. Inspiration was taken from the classical liquefaction cycles of Linde-Hampson, Claude and Collins. We developed a linear mathematical model for cycle components such as turboexpanders and heat exchangers, and a non-linear model for the liquefaction in the phase separator. Liquefaction yields of 10% and 6% were obtained in our model simulations, with and without liquid nitrogen pre-cooling respectively - similar to those in the FREIA liqueuefier within one percentage point. The sensors placed in FREIA showed similar pressure and temperature values, even though not every point could be verified due to the lack of sensors. We observed an increase of more than 50% in yield after adjustments of the heat exchanger design in the model, especially the first one. This constitutes a guideline for possible future improvements of the liquefier.
Termodynamiken bakom heliumförvätskaren i FREIA-laboratoriet innehåller fortfarande många okända aspekter. Detta kandidatarbete syftar till att utveckla en teoretisk modell och implementera den i MATLAB med hjälp av biblioteket CoolProp. Denna modell av FREIA:s förvätskningscykel syftar till att hitta de okända parametrar som inte specificerats av tillverkaren, och baserar sig på principen om entalpins bevarande. Inspiration togs från de klassiska förvätskningscyklerna Linde-Hampson, Claude och Collins. Vi utvecklade en linjär matematisk modell för cykelkomponenter såsom expansionsturbiner och värmeväxlare, och en icke-linjär modell för själva förvätskningen i fasseparatorn. En förvätskningsverkningsgrad på 10% och 6% uppnåddes i våra modellsimuleringar, med respektive utan förkylning med flytande kväve - liknande verkningsgraderna i FREIA- förvätskaren inom en procentenhet. Sensorerna placerade i FREIA visade på liknande tryck och temperaturer, även om bristen på sensorer gjorde att vi inte kunde bekräfta varje punkt. Vi observerade en ökning på mer än 50% i verkningsgrad efter att ha justerat värmeväxlardesignen något, speciellt för den första. Detta kan utgöra riktlinjer för var man framöver kan förbättra den faktiska förvätskaren.

Subject reader/Ämnesgranskare: Roger Ruber

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Pedurand, Richard. "Instrumentation for Thermal Noise Spectroscopy." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1356.

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La résolution des interféromètres gravitationnels est limitée par le mouvement Brownien - ou bruit thermique - de leurs miroirs dans la partie centrale de leur bande de détection, entre 10Hz et 1kHz. La répartition en fréquence de ce bruit thermique est dictée par les mécanismes de dissipation d'énergie mécanique à l'origine de cette vibration aléatoire, en accord avec le théorème fluctuation-dissipation. Cette dissipation provient principalement des revêtements optiques déposés sur les miroirs pour leur donner leur réflectivité. Dans le but de réduire le bruit thermique, une nouvelle génération de détecteurs d'ondes gravitationnelles employant des miroirs refroidis à température cryogénique a été proposée. Le développement de nouveaux matériaux optiques en couche mince à faible dissipation mécanique, opérant à la fois à température ambiante et température cryogénique, demande donc de nouveaux outils expérimentaux. L'objet principal de cette thèse est la construction d'un nouvel instrument, le CryoQPDI, qui consiste en l'association d'un interféromètre haute résolution et d'un cryostat basé sur un refroidisseur pulse tube. Il est capable de mesurer directement le mouvement Brownien d'un microlevier entre 300 K et 7 K. En combinant des mesures effectuées sur un microlevier avant et après le dépôt d'une couche mince, il est possible de caractériser la dissipation mécanique interne de cette couche mince. Cet instrument participera ainsi à l'optimisation des revêtements optiques des futurs interféromètres gravitationnels, dans le but de minimiser les nuisances dues au bruit thermique
The resolution limit of gravitational wave interferometers is set by their mirrors' Brownian motion – or thermal noise - in the central part of their detection band, from 10Hz to 1kHz. This thermal noise frequency distribution is given by the mechanical energy dissipation mechanisms it originates from, in agreement with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. This dissipation mainly derives from the optical coatings deposited on the mirrors to give them their reflectivity. To reduce this thermal noise, a new generation of gravitational wave detectors employing mirrors cooled to cryogenic temperature has been suggested. The development of new optical thin-film materials with low mechanical dissipation, operating at both room and cryogenic temperatures, therefore requires new experimental tools. The main object of this thesis is the construction of a new instrument, the CryoQPDI, which is an association between a high-resolution interferometer and a cryostat based on a pulse tube cooler. It can directly measure the Brownian motion of a microcantilever between 300 K and 7 K. By combining measurements made on a microcantilever before and after the deposition of a thin film, it is possible to characterize the internal mechanical dissipation of this thin film. This instrument will eventually contribute to the optimisation of optical coatings of future gravitational wave detectors, aiming at minimizing the limitations due to thermal noise
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Geffroy, Clément. "Impulsions ultra-courte d'électron unique pour les qubits volants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALY101.

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La seconde révolution quantique du XXe siècle a contribué à un essor technologique en physique du solide. Les techniques d'ingénierie des matériaux couplées à celles de nanofabrication moderne ont favorisé le perfectionnement de sources d'électrons uniques sur demande. De par leur incroyable précision, elles sont désormais utilisées en métrologie et leur potentiel s'étend au récent domaine de l'optique quantique électronique, notamment à un candidat prometteur pour l’information quantique : le qubit volant électronique. Ces bits quantiques sont créés par de courtes impulsions de tension et la manipulation de leur état quantique se fait à la volée. À ce jour, l’impulsion de tension la plus courte atteint 27 ps, sur puce, dans un environnement cryogénique. Cependant, en raison de l'atténuation et de la dispersion du signal dans les lignes coaxiales, l'accès à des régimes quantiques électroniques d’échelle temporelle plus rapide demeure hors de portée.En revanche, grâce à l'avènement des lasers à impulsions ultracourtes et aux progrès en photonique et plasmonique, la technologie des photocommutateurs peut permettre la génération d'impulsions électromagnétiques de l'ordre de la picoseconde. La large bande passante de ces technologies opto-électroniques THz pourrait venir à bout de la barrière technique à laquelle sont confrontés les équipements électroniques standards. Bien que largement développées dans le cadre d'applications à température ambiante, les démonstrations d'intégration de ces technologies à une architecture quantique en environnement cryogénique restent toujours peu nombreuses. La réalisation d'une telle expérience débloquerait de nouvelles voies de recherche pour l'étude des dynamiques des dispositifs quantiques électroniques en physique du solide.Dans ce manuscrit, nous présentons la mise au point d'une installation expérimentale pouvant générer des impulsions de tension picoseconde en environnement cryogénique pour des applications de qubits volants. Un laser femtoseconde génère des impulsions qui sont injectées dans des fibres optiques intégrées à basse température. Fabriqué à la surface de GaAs basse température (LT-GaAs), un photocommutateur est cointégré au circuit quantique formé à partir d'un gaz d'électrons bidimensionnels (2DEG) à haute mobilité. Du fait de la réponse opto-électronique extrêmement rapide du LT-GaAs, le photocommutateur convertit les impulsions optiques en impulsions de tension d'une durée de quelques picosecondes seulement. Grâce à des guides d'ondes coplanaires (CPW) THz, l'impulsion est acheminée vers le 2DEG, où elle est utilisée comme source d'électrons uniques ultracourts.Pour effectuer la mesure pompe-sonde et résoudre le profil dynamique de telles impulsions, une installation expérimentale originale, impliquant des positionneurs piézo-électriques et des protocoles d'alignement à basses températures, a été mise en place. Comme preuve de concept, nous rapportons d'abord la caractérisation à 300 K d'impulsions électroniques d'une durée de 1.9 ps. Dans un deuxième temps, nous refroidissons le système à 4K, élargissant la preuve de concept aux environnements cryogéniques par la mesure d'impulsions de 2.3 ps. Ensuite, en intégrant une structure 2DEG au circuit THz, des excitations de plasmons THz ont pu être observées dans une cavité Fabry-Pérot. La fréquence de leur mode fondamental a été comparée à un modèle analytique, révélant des informations sur la densité de porteur du gaz électronique sous illumination. Parallèlement, des développements importants ont été menés sur la conception des CPWs dans le but de minimiser les réflexions indésirables du signal ainsi que les pertes par dispersion. Ces travaux ouvriront la voie à l'intégration d'impulsions de tension picoseconde dans les dispositifs quantiques nanoélectroniques et le contrôle de qubits volants électroniques par des grilles électrostatiques THz ultrarapides
The second quantum revolution of the 20th century contributed to a technological expansion in solid-state physics. Modern nanofabrication coupled to material processing techniques have facilitated the development of on-demand single-electron sources. With their remarkable precision, they are currently used for metrology purposes and hold key potential for the recent field of research of electron quantum optics, including a promising candidate for quantum information: the electron flying qubit. These quantum bits are created by short voltage pulses and manipulation of their quantum state occurs on-the-fly. The shortest voltage pulse reported so far attains 27 ps, on-chip, in a cryogenic environment. However, suffering from attenuation and dispersion in coaxial lines, accessibility to electronic quantum regimes at faster time scale remains out-of-reach.On the contrary, empowered by the advent of ultrafast lasers and progress in photonics and plasmonics, photo-conductive-switch technology can allow the generation of electromagnetic pulses with picosecond duration. The large bandwidth of these THz opto-electronic technologies could overcome the technical bottleneck faced by standard electronic equipment. While they have been widely developed for room temperature applications, demonstrations of their integration along-side a quantum architecture in a cryogenic environment are still limited. The realisation of such an experiment would unlock new research directions for studying the dynamics of solid-state electronic quantum devices.In this manuscript, we present the development of an experimental setup to generate picosecond voltage pulses in a cryogenic environment for flying qubit applications. A femtosecond laser generates pulses that are injected into optical fibres and integrated at low temperatures. Fabricated on the surface of Low Temperature grown GaAs (LT-GaAs), a photoconductive-switch is co-integrated to the quantum circuit formed on a high mobility two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG). Owing to the extremely fast opto-electronic response of the LT-GaAs, the photo-conductive device converts optical pulses into voltage pulses with a duration as short as a few picoseconds. Using a THz CoPlanar Waveguide (CPW) circuit, the pulse is conveyed toward the 2DEG, where it is used as an ultra-short single-electron source.To perform pump-probe measurement and resolve the dynamic profile of such pulses, an original experimental setup, involving piezo-electric positioners and alignment protocols at low-temperatures, was implemented. As proof of concept, we first report the characterisation at 300 K of electronic pulses with 1.9 ps duration. In a second step, we cool down the system to 4 K and measure 2.3 ps wide pulses, thus expanding the proof of concept to cryogenic environments. Then, by integrating a 2DEG structure along-side the THz circuit, we were able to excite THz plasmons in a Fabry-Pérot cavity. The characteristic frequency of their fundamental mode was compared to an analytical model that revealed information about the carrier density of the electron gas under illumination. In parallel, extensive developments were carried out on the design of CPWs in order to minimise undesirable signal reflections as well as dispersion losses. Finally, with the prospect of measuring and controlling the propagation of picosecond electron pulse in quantum channels directly with ultrafast THz electrostatic gates, the fabrication of the next generation of devices was initiated. This work will pave the way for on-chip integration of picosecond voltage pulses into quantum nanoelectronics devices and ultrafast control of electronic flying qubits
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Volpe, Angela. "Développement d'un réfrigérateur à dilution en boucle fermée pour expériences d'astrophysique dans l'espace." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993970.

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Plusieurs missions sur satellite sont proposées pour résoudre un grand nombre de questions sans réponse concernant l'univers. Les instruments sur certaines de ces missions nécessitent des températures inférieures à 0,1 K pour fonctionner efficacement. Cette exigence signifie que la chaîne de refroidissement est un élément crucial de la conception du satellite. Les spécifications cryogéniques de ces futures missions sont plus exigeantes que l'état de l'art actuel : elle auront besoin d'une puissance frigorifique plus élevée à une température inférieure et avec à une durée de vie prolongée de 5 à 10 ans. Cela a motivé le développement d'un réfrigérateur à dilution 3He-4He en boucle fermée. Cette conception est basée sur le réfrigérateur à dilution à cycle ouvert utilisé sur le satellite Planck, dont la durée de vie et la puissance frigorifique ont été limitées par la quantité d'3He et d'4He à bords, le mélange étant éjecté dans l'espace après le processus de dilution . Pour surmonter ces limitations, le cycle a été fermé par la séparation des isotopes de l'hélium à basse température avant de les réinjecter dans le réfrigérateur . Cette thèse décrit les progrès réalisés dans le développement et dans la compréhension de ce nouveau système, et montre que les exigences de refroidissement (1 µW à 50 mK) peuvent être satisfaites dans les conditions requises. Ce travail tente également de résoudre un problème lié à la micro-gravité : la séparation de phase liquide-vapeur dans le bouilleur. Nos résultats expérimentaux montrent que le confinement du liquide dans le bouilleur dans les conditions requises et en gravité négative est possible. Ces résultats ont guidé la conception d'un nouveau bouilleur non-sensible à la gravité, dernière étape du développement d'un réfrigérateur à dilution en boucle fermée adapté à la micro-gravité.
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Florea, Ovidiu. "Développement d'un magnétomètre nanofabriqué très basse température (30 mK) et fort champ magnétique (16 T) : étude de nouveaux états magnétiques apparaissant dans les nanoaimants frustrés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY061/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse était de développer un magnétomètre à force de Faraday pour mesurer des valeurs absolues de l'aimantation à très basse température (30 mK) et fort champ magnétique (16 T) avec une haute sensibilité (10-5 emu). Ce magnétomètre sera principalement utilisé pour sonder les propriétés induites sous champ dans les systèmes magnétiques frustrés.Dans une première partie, je détaille le développement de ce magnétomètre. Cela comprend l'optimisation du réfrigérateur à dilution et de bobines de gradient de champ ainsi que le développement d'une détection capacitive avec un étage amplificateur à froid pour améliorer la sensibilité de la mesure. Les mesures magnétiques préliminaires sont présentées. Les changements nécessaires pour rendre le magnétomètre opérationnel sont discutés.Dans une seconde partie, je présente l'étude expérimentale de systèmes magnétiques frustrés: des grenats de Gadolinium, décrits par des spins classiques, et des composés moléculaires frustrés à base de Cuivre, pour sonder les effets quantiques. Ces mesures ont été réalisées entre 70 mK et 300 K sur les magnétomètres existant à l'Institut Néel.Dans Gd3Ga5O12, nous avons complété le diagramme de phases H-T. Nous avons montré la robustesse de ce diagramme de phases par notre étude sur le composé isomorphe GGd3Al5O12. Nous avons mis en évidence la convergence de toutes les phases observées en un unique point dans les deux systèmes.Dans les systèmes quantiques, nous avons réalisé des études préliminaires sur des clusters Cu44 à base de tétraèdres, et un système triangulaire Cu3. Bien que prometteuses, nous n'avons pas approfondi ces études à cause de problèmes d'échantillons
The objective of this work was to develop a Faraday force magnetometer to measureabsolute values of the magnetization at very low temperatures (30 mK) andhigh applied magnetic fields (16 T) with a high sensitivity (10-5 emu). This magnetometer will be especially dedicated to the study of the field induced properties of frustrated magnets.In a first part, I present the development of this magnetometer. It involves the optimization of the dilution refrigerator and field gradient coils, and the development of a capacitive detection with a cold amplifier stage to improve the measurement sensitivity. Preliminary magnetic measurements are shown. The changes in the design required to make the magnetometer operational are discussed.In a second part, I focus on experimental studies of frustrated magnets: Gadolinium garnets, described by classical spins, and Copper based frustrated molecular compounds, to probe quantum effects. These measurements were performed from 70 mK to 300 K, with the existing magnetometers at the Institut Neel.In Gd3Ga5O12, we have complemented the H-T phase diagram. This phase diagram was proven to be robust by our study on the isomorphous compound, Gd3Al5O12. We evidence the convergence of all the observed phases to a unique point in both samples.In quantum systems, we performed preliminary studies on Cu44 clusters with tetrahedral motives, and on a triangular system Cu3. Although promising, these studies were not pursued due to sample problems
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Rabhi, Abdelali. "Fabrication et caracterisation de jonctions sis dans un recepteur a 110 ghz." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066593.

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Description d'un cryogenerateur a 2k, a circuit ferme d'helium, equipe de detecteurs sis (supraconducteur-isolant-supraconducteur) en etain et alliage plomb-bismuth. Leur tension de bande interdite est respectivement 1. 2 mv et 3. 4 mv. Ces jonctions ont ete developpees par lithogravure, en croix et par recouvrement partiel
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8

Grockowiak, Audrey. "Supraconductivité et propriétés physiques du silicium très fortement dopé." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858585.

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Cette thèse expérimentale explore les propriétés supraconductrices du silicium très fortement dopé, en particulier au bore, ainsi que les propriétés physiques anormale observées à plus hautes températures. La supraconductivité de Si:B est obtenue sous 1K, pour des dopages en bore supérieurs à la limite de solubilité du bore dans le silicium. Le Si:B est métallique à ces taux de dopage. Dans une première partie, nous exposons les différentes techniques expérimentales exploitées au cours de cette thèse. Nous expliquons les différentes techniques de dopage hors équilibre identifiées pour doper du silicium au-delà de la limite de solubilité, puis les techniques de caractérisation pour contrôler la qualité des couches dopées obtenues, ainsi que les méthodes de mesures aux très basses températures. Dans une deuxième partie, nous exposons les résultats obtenus sur la supraconductivité de Si:B en faisant varier dans un premier temps le taux de dopage en bore, puis en renouvelant l'étude à différentes épaisseurs de couche dopée. Nous montrons notamment que l'évolution de la Tc avec le couplage électron-phonon $lambda$ ne suit pas une loi de McMillan classique, mais plutôt une loi de puissance comme celle observée dans le cas du diamant supraconducteur. Nous montrons que ce résultat peut être expliqué dans le cadre d'un modèle d'un supraconducteur à deux couches de $lambda$ différents. En étudiant la dépendance en température et angulaire de Hc2, nous montrons que Si:B est un supraconducteur intrinsèquement de type I, mais qui devient de type II sous effet d'impuretés, et que la supraconductivité est à caractère bidimensionnel. Dans une troisième partie, nous présentons des comportements anormaux de certaines caractéristiques physiques mesurées dans certaines séries de Si:B, à partir de 50K et qui persistent jusqu'à au moins 400K. Nous présentons des mesures de magnétotransport, d'effet Hall et de mesures thermoélectriques qui présentent toutes des caractéristiques hautement non linéaires, et donc anormales pour un métal. L'origine de ces anomalies est toujours ouverte. Enfin, nous présentons quelques perspectives de travail, en particulier les premières mesures sur un échantillon avec une géométrie de type SQUID.
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Huisman, Maximiliaan. "Vision Beyond Optics: Standardization, Evaluation and Innovation for Fluorescence Microscopy in Life Sciences." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1017.

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Fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool in biomedical sciences that allows specific molecules to be visualized in the complex and crowded environment of cells. The continuous introduction of new imaging techniques makes microscopes more powerful and versatile, but there is more than meets the eye. In addition to develop- ing new methods, we can work towards getting the most out of existing data and technologies. By harnessing unused potential, this work aims to increase the richness, reliability, and power of fluorescence microscopy data in three key ways: through standardization, evaluation and innovation. A universal standard makes it easier to assess, compare and analyze imaging data – from the level of a single laboratory to the broader life sciences community. We propose a data-standard for fluorescence microscopy that can increase the confidence in experimental results, facilitate the exchange of data, and maximize compatibility with current and future data analysis techniques. Cutting-edge imaging technologies often rely on sophisticated hardware and multi-layered algorithms for reconstruction and analysis. Consequently, the trustworthiness of new methods can be difficult to assess. To evaluate the reliability and limitations of complex methods, quantitative analyses – such as the one present here for the 3D SPEED method – are paramount. The limited resolution of optical microscopes prevents direct observation of macro- molecules like DNA and RNA. We present a multi-color, achromatic, cryogenic fluorescence microscope that has the potential to produce multi-color images with sub-nanometer precision. This innovation would move fluorescence imaging beyond the limitations of optics and into the world of molecular resolution.
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Olofsson, Joel. "Thermo-mechanical analysis of cryo-cooled electrode system in COMSOL." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353895.

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In the planned linear accelerator called Compact Linear Collider, CLIC, electrons and positrons will be accelerated to velocities near the speed of light. A limiting factor in accelerating structures are vacuum breakdowns, which are electrical discharges from a surface as a result of a large electric field being applied. In the preparatory studies for the CLIC, Uppsala University in collaboration with The European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, is building a DC Spark system to analyze vacuum breakdowns. This system containing large planar electrodes will be cooled down all the way down to around 4 K in order to limit the rate of wich vacuum breakdowns happen. When cooling a system like this, which consists of different components made of different materials there is the question of how the system will be affected. The objective of this project is to investigate how the cooling will affect the stability in terms of stresses and to analyze the cool down time of the system. Another goal is to make a material recommendation for a few parts based on the results. This will be done by simulating the cooling in COMSOL Multiphysics, which is a program that uses finite element analysis to solve complex problems where different branches of physics interact. The conclusion is that the system will most likely be stable as it is and there is no need to redesign it. The choice of recommended material is alumina with the reason being it should cause the least stress and the smallest gap between the electrodes when the cooling is done. There was no big difference in the cool down time between the materials. Further studies and simulations on the system is also recommended since there are many factors not taken into consideration in this study.
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Books on the topic "Cryogenic Instrumentation"

1

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Cryogenic on-orbit liquid depot storage acquisition and transfer (COLD-SAT) experiment subsystem instrumentation and wire harness design report. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Cryogenic on-orbit liquid depot storage acquisition and transfer (COLD-SAT) experiment subsystem instrumentation and wire harness design report. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Power control electronics for cryogenic instrumentation. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Cryogenic on-orbit liquid depot storage acquisition and transfer (COLD-SAT) experiment subsystem instrumentation and wire harness design report. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. Developments on the Horizon. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0013.

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The field of application for solution scattering is broader than we can cover in detail and with new instrumentation, that field is only growing. XFEL sources offer the potential for time resolved studies exquisitely sensitive to rapid structural biological processes while at the same time potentially extending the information beyond that provided by current solution scattering methods. Cryogenic approaches offer the potential to increase signal and/or improve sample demands opening up the technique to a wider array of studies. Finally, use of the atomic scattering properties reveals biological information in the case of nucleic acids and has the potential to provide molecular rulers able to resolve dynamic structural changes as they occur. This chapter provides a glimpse of what is possible and a starting point for further exploration.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cryogenic Instrumentation"

1

Timmerhaus, Klaus D., and Thomas M. Flynn. "Cryogenic Instrumentation." In Cryogenic Process Engineering, 477–551. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8756-5_8.

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Sarwinski, Raymond E. "Cryogenic Requirements for Medical Instrumentation." In A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication, 87–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9874-5_11.

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Talley, D. H., and C. S. Bordelon. "Instrumentation for the Saturn Liquid Hydrogen Experiment." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 509–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0516-4_53.

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Rao, M. G., and R. G. Scurlock. "Cryogenic Instrumentation with Cold Electronics — a Review." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1211–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_135.

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Ige, O. O., Y. Iwasa, and H. Fujita. "Acoustic Emission Instrumentation for a Superconducting Dipole." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 303–8. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_34.

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Buchanan, D. S., D. Paulson, and S. J. Williamson. "Instrumentation for Clinical Applications of Neuromagnetism." In A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication, 97–106. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9874-5_12.

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Zichy, J. A. "Review of Instrumentation for Superconducting Magnets." In A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication, 1053–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9874-5_127.

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McGuire, K., J. Strait, M. Kuchnir, and A. McInturff. "Cryogenic Instrumentation of an SSC Magnet Test Stand." In A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication, 1063–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9874-5_128.

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Scurlock, R. G., and R. Webb. "Instrumentation of Cryogenic Systems and Plant to Accuracy of 0.01% Using Cold Electronics." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1013–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_123.

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Kneisel, P. "Superconducting Radio-Frequency Technology: Understanding and Improvements of Limitations Through Application of Cryogenic Instrumentation." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 53–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9047-4_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cryogenic Instrumentation"

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Garcia Peris, Miguel Angel. "Cryogenic Instrumentation at ProtoDUNE." In 40th International Conference on High Energy physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.390.0131.

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Hopkins, Richard A., Paul T. Finley, Russell B. Schweickart, and Stephen M. Volz. "Cryogenic/thermal system for the SIRTF cryogenic telescope assembly." In Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, edited by John C. Mather. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.461788.

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Vauthier, N., R. Avramidou, Ch Balle, J. Casashyphen;Cubillos, M. Ciechanowski, G. Fernandez-Penacoba, E. Fortescue-Beck, et al. "FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH THE LHC CRYOGENIC INSTRUMENTATION." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference - CEC, Vol. 52. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2908695.

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Serrano, Javier, Javier Moreno Raso, David González de María, Heribert Argelaguet Vilaseca, Mikel Lamensans, David López Justo, and Violeta Sanz Puig. "Cryogenic submicron linear actuator." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.856266.

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Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, Harald Baumeister, Monica Ebert, Norbert Munch, and Vianak Naranjo. "Cryogenic actuators in ground-based astronomical instrumentation." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Joseph Antebi and Dietrich Lemke. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.551114.

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Gennari, Sandro, Filippo Mannucci, and Leonardo Vanzi. "Cryogenic stepper motors for infrared astronomical instrumentation." In Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, edited by Albert M. Fowler. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.158712.

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Kegley, Jeff, Mark Baker, Jay Carpenter, Ron Eng, Harlan Haight, William Hogue, Jeff McCracken, Kevin Russell, Richard Siler, and Ernie Wright. "Improved cryogenic testing capability at Marshall Space Flight Center's X-ray Cryogenic Facility." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by John C. Mather, Howard A. MacEwen, and Mattheus W. M. de Graauw. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.672096.

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Jedamzik, R., and T. Westerhoff. "ZERODUR TAILORED for cryogenic application." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Ramón Navarro, Colin R. Cunningham, and Allison A. Barto. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2055086.

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Hofmann, Reiner, Holger Mandel, Walter Seifert, Andreas Seltmann, Niranjan A. Thatte, Daigo Tomono, and Harald Weisz. "Cryogenic MOS-unit for LUCIFER." In Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, edited by Masanori Iye and Alan F. M. Moorwood. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.460892.

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Bree, B. v., H. Janssen, S. Paalvast, and R. Albers. "Cryogenic actuator for subnanometer positioning." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Ramón Navarro, Colin R. Cunningham, and Eric Prieto. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.925351.

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Reports on the topic "Cryogenic Instrumentation"

1

McGuire, K., J. Strait, M. Kuchnir, and A. McInturff. Cryogenic Instrumentation of an SSC Magnet Test Stand. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151467.

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Markley, D. D-Zero Cryogenic System VLPC & Solenoid Vacuum System Instrumentation, Control, and Logic. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1032118.

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