Journal articles: 'Cryogenic carbon capture'

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Scholes, Colin A., Minh T. Ho, Dianne E. Wiley, Geoff W. Stevens, and Sandra E. Kentish. "Cost competitive membrane—cryogenic post-combustion carbon capture." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 17 (September 2013): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.05.017.

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Khandaker, Tasmina, Muhammad Sarwar Hossain, Palash Kumar Dhar, Md Saifur Rahman, Md Ashraf Hossain, and Mohammad Boshir Ahmed. "Efficacies of Carbon-Based Adsorbents for Carbon Dioxide Capture." Processes 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060654.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas, capture has recently become a crucial technological solution to reduce atmospheric emissions from fossil fuel burning. Thereafter, many efforts have been put forwarded to reduce the burden on climate change by capturing and separating CO2, especially from larger power plants and from the air through the utilization of different technologies (e.g., membrane, absorption, microbial, cryogenic, chemical looping, and so on). Those technologies have often suffered from high operating costs and huge energy consumption. On the right side, physical process, such as adsorption, is a cost-effective process, which has been widely used to adsorb different contaminants, including CO2. Henceforth, this review covered the overall efficacies of CO2 adsorption from air at 196 K to 343 K and different pressures by the carbon-based materials (CBMs). Subsequently, we also addressed the associated challenges and future opportunities for CBMs. According to this review, the efficacies of various CBMs for CO2 adsorption have followed the order of carbon nanomaterials (i.e., graphene, graphene oxides, carbon nanotubes, and their composites) < mesoporous -microporous or hierarchical porous carbons < biochar and activated biochar < activated carbons.

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Babar, M., M. A. Bustam, A. S. Maulud, and A. H. Ali. "Optimization of cryogenic carbon dioxide capture from natural gas." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 50, no. 3 (March 2019): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201800202.

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Font-Palma, Carolina, David Cann, and Chinonyelum Udemu. "Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications." C 7, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7030058.

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Our ever-increasing interest in economic growth is leading the way to the decline of natural resources, the detriment of air quality, and is fostering climate change. One potential solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from industrial emitters is the exploitation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Among the various CO2 separation technologies, cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) could emerge by offering high CO2 recovery rates and purity levels. This review covers the different CCC methods that are being developed, their benefits, and the current challenges deterring their commercialisation. It also offers an appraisal for selected feasible small- and large-scale CCC applications, including blue hydrogen production and direct air capture. This work considers their technological readiness for CCC deployment and acknowledges competing technologies and ends by providing some insights into future directions related to the R&D for CCC systems.

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Kotowicz, Janusz, and Sylwia Berdowska. "The influence of selected parameters on the efficiency and economic charactersistics of the oxy-type coal unit with a membrane-cryogenic oxygen separator." Archives of Thermodynamics 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2016-0005.

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AbstractIn this paper a 600 MW oxy-type coal unit with a pulverized bed boiler and a membrane-cryogenic oxygen separator and carbon capture installation was analyzed. A membrane-cryogenic oxygen separation installation consists of a membrane module and two cryogenic distillation columns. In this system oxygen is produced with the purity equal to 95%. Installation of carbon capture was based on the physical separation method and allows to reduce the CO2emission by 90%. In this work the influence of the main parameter of the membrane process – the selectivity coefficient, on the efficiency of the coal unit was presented. The economic analysis with the use of the break-even point method was carried out. The economic calculations were realized in view of the break-even price of electricity depending on a coal unit availability.

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Susanti, Indri. "Technologies and Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture." Science Education and Application Journal 1, no. 2 (October 5, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/seaj.v1i2.147.

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This paper was aims to review the technologies and materials for CO2 capture. Carbon dioxide is one of the triggers for the greenhouse effect and global warming. Some methods to reduce CO2 are separation technologies include air capture, CO2 Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) and CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. CCS technology have several systems namely post-combution, pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion. Post-combution systems can be done in various systems including absorption, adsorption, membrane, and cryogenic. Adsorption proses for CO2 capture applied with porous material such us mesopore silica, zeolite, carbon, MOF dan COF. This review was described the advantages and disadvantages of each technology for CO2 capture. Materials for CO2 adsorption also descibed in this review.

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Scholes, Colin, Minh Ho, and Dianne Wiley. "Membrane-Cryogenic Post-Combustion Carbon Capture of Flue Gases from NGCC." Technologies 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies4020014.

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Cormos, Calin-Cristian. "Techno-Economic Evaluations of Copper-Based Chemical Looping Air Separation System for Oxy-Combustion and Gasification Power Plants with Carbon Capture." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113095.

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Energy and economic penalties for CO2 capture are the main challenges in front of the carbon capture technologies. Chemical Looping Air Separation (CLAS) represents a potential solution for energy and cost-efficient oxygen production in comparison to the cryogenic method. This work is assessing the key techno-economic performances of a CLAS system using copper oxide as oxygen carrier integrated in coal and lignite-based oxy-combustion and gasification power plants. For comparison, similar combustion and gasification power plants using cryogenic air separation with and without carbon capture were considered as benchmark cases. The assessments were focused on large scale power plants with 350–500 MW net electricity output and 90% CO2 capture rate. As the results show, the utilization of CLAS system in coal and lignite-based oxy-combustion and gasification power plants is improving the key techno-economic indicators e.g., increasing the energy efficiency by about 5–10%, reduction of specific capital investments by about 12–18%, lower cost of electricity by about 8–11% as well as lower CO2 avoidance cost by about 17–27%. The highest techno-economic improvements being noticed for oxy-combustion cases since these plants are using more oxygen than gasification plants.

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Babar, Muhammad, Mohamad Azmi Bustam, Abulhassan Ali, Abdulhalim Shah Maulud, Umar Shafiq, Ahmad Mukhtar, Syed Nasir Shah, Khuram Maqsood, Nurhayati Mellon, and Azmi M. Shariff. "Thermodynamic data for cryogenic carbon dioxide capture from natural gas: A review." Cryogenics 102 (September 2019): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.07.004.

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Mat, Norfamila Che, and G. Glenn Lipscomb. "Global sensitivity analysis for hybrid membrane-cryogenic post combustion carbon capture process." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 81 (February 2019): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.12.023.

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11

Songolzadeh, Mohammad, Mansooreh Soleimani, Maryam Takht Ravanchi, and Reza Songolzadeh. "Carbon Dioxide Separation from Flue Gases: A Technological Review Emphasizing Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/828131.

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Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2in the atmosphere is a global warming. Human activities are a major cause of increased CO2concentration in atmosphere, as in recent decade, two-third of greenhouse effect was caused by human activities. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a major strategy that can be used to reduce GHGs emission. There are three methods for CCS: pre-combustion capture, oxy-fuel process, and post-combustion capture. Among them, post-combustion capture is the most important one because it offers flexibility and it can be easily added to the operational units. Various technologies are used for CO2capture, some of them include: absorption, adsorption, cryogenic distillation, and membrane separation. In this paper, various technologies for post-combustion are compared and the best condition for using each technology is identified.

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Safdarnejad, Seyed Mostafa, John D. Hedengren, and Larry L. Baxter. "Plant-level dynamic optimization of Cryogenic Carbon Capture with conventional and renewable power sources." Applied Energy 149 (July 2015): 354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.100.

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13

Yu, Zhitao, Franklin Miller, and John M. Pfotenhauer. "Numerical modeling and analytical modeling of cryogenic carbon capture in a de-sublimating heat exchanger." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 278 (December 2017): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/278/1/012032.

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Shafiee, Alireza, Mobin Nomvar, Zongwen Liu, and Ali Abbas. "Automated process synthesis for optimal flowsheet design of a hybrid membrane cryogenic carbon capture process." Journal of Cleaner Production 150 (May 2017): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.151.

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15

Tan, Yuting, Worrada Nookuea, Hailong Li, Eva Thorin, and Jinyue Yan. "Cryogenic technology for biogas upgrading combined with carbon capture - a review of systems and property impacts." Energy Procedia 142 (December 2017): 3741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.270.

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Fazlollahi, Farhad, Alex Bown, Edris Ebrahimzadeh, and Larry L. Baxter. "Transient natural gas liquefaction and its application to CCC-ES (energy storage with cryogenic carbon capture™)." Energy 103 (May 2016): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.109.

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Ali, Abulhassan, Khuram Maqsood, Ali Redza, Karen Hii, Azmi B. M. Shariff, and Saibal Ganguly. "Performance enhancement using multiple cryogenic desublimation based pipeline network during dehydration and carbon capture from natural gas." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 109 (May 2016): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2016.01.020.

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18

Chorowski, Maciej, and Wojciech Gizicki. "Technical and economic aspects of oxygen separation for oxy-fuel purposes." Archives of Thermodynamics 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2015-0011.

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Abstract Oxy combustion is the most promising technology for carbon dioxide, originated from thermal power plants, capture and storage. The oxygen in sufficient quantities can be separated from air in cryogenic installations. Even the state-of-art air separation units are characterized by high energy demands decreasing net efficiency of thermal power plant by at least 7%. This efficiency decrease can be mitigated by the use of waste nitrogen, e.g., as the medium for lignite drying. It is also possible to store energy in liquefied gases and recover it by liquid pressurization, warm-up to ambient temperature and expansion. Exergetic efficiency of the proposed energy accumulator may reach 85%.

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Alqaheem, Yousef, Abdulaziz Alomair, Mari Vinoba, and Andrés Pérez. "Polymeric Gas-Separation Membranes for Petroleum Refining." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4250927.

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Polymeric gas-separation membranes were commercialized 30 years ago. The interest on these systems is increasing because of the simplicity of concept and low-energy consumption. In the refinery, gas separation is needed in many processes such as natural gas treatment, carbon dioxide capture, hydrogen purification, and hydrocarbons separations. In these processes, the membranes have proven to be a potential candidate to replace the current conventional methods of amine scrubbing, pressure swing adsorption, and cryogenic distillation. In this paper, applications of polymeric membranes in the refinery are discussed by reviewing current materials and commercialized units. Economical evaluation of these membranes in comparison to traditional processes is also indicated.

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Fazlollahi, Farhad, Alex Bown, Edris Ebrahimzadeh, and Larry L. Baxter. "Design and analysis of the natural gas liquefaction optimization process- CCC-ES (energy storage of cryogenic carbon capture)." Energy 90 (October 2015): 244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.139.

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Safdarnejad, Seyed Mostafa, John D. Hedengren, and Larry L. Baxter. "Dynamic optimization of a hybrid system of energy-storing cryogenic carbon capture and a baseline power generation unit." Applied Energy 172 (June 2016): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.03.074.

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22

Babar, Muhammad, Mohamad Azmi Bustam, Abulhassan Ali, and Abdulhalim Shah Maulud. "Optimization of Cryogenic Carbon Dioxide Removal from CO₂-CH₄ System by Response Surface Methodology." Materials Science Forum 997 (June 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.997.103.

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The presence of high CO2 content in natural gas reservoirs is one of the significant threats to the environment. Cryogenic CO2 capture technology is amongst the emerging technologies used for natural gas purification before customer use. In this research work, the binary CO2-CH4 mixture having 75% CO2 content is studied. Aspen Hysys simulator with Peng Robinson property package is used for the prediction of phase equilibrium data for the binary mixture. The data obtained through the Aspen Hysys simulator is optimized for the S-V two-phase region for maximum CO2 capture. Response surface methodology is used for the optimization of the predicted data. Optimization of the pressure and temperature conditions is done to obtain maximum CH4 in the top stream and minimum CO2 with minimum energy requirement. In this research work, the pressure and temperature ranges selected from the predicted phase equilibrium data for the optimization are 1 to 20 bar and-65 to-150 °C respectively. At atmospheric pressure and-123.50 °C, the desirability value is maximum, which is 0.843. under these conditions, the CO2 and CH4 in the top product stream are 1070.72 Kg/hr and 152.04 Kg/hr respectively with an energy requirement of 2.087 GJ/hr.

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Atsonios, K., K. D. Panopoulos, A. Doukelis, A. Koumanakos, and E. Kakaras. "Cryogenic method for H2 and CH4 recovery from a rich CO2 stream in pre-combustion carbon capture and storage schemes." Energy 53 (May 2013): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.02.026.

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Jensen, Mark J., Christopher S. Russell, David Bergeson, Christopher D. Hoeger, David J. Frankman, Christopher S. Bence, and Larry L. Baxter. "Prediction and validation of external cooling loop cryogenic carbon capture (CCC-ECL) for full-scale coal-fired power plant retrofit." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 42 (November 2015): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.04.009.

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Chiesa, Paolo, Thomas G. Kreutz, and Giovanni G. Lozza. "CO2 Sequestration From IGCC Power Plants by Means of Metallic Membranes." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 1 (September 6, 2005): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181184.

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This paper investigates novel IGCC plants that employ hydrogen separation membranes in order to capture carbon dioxide for long-term storage. The thermodynamic performance of these membrane-based plants are compared with similar IGCCs that capture CO2 using conventional (i.e., solvent absorption) technology. The basic plant configuration employs an entrained-flow, oxygen-blown coal gasifier with quench cooling, followed by an adiabatic water gas shift (WGS) reactor that converts most of CO contained in the syngas into CO2 and H2. The syngas then enters a WGS membrane reactor where the syngas undergoes further shifting; simultaneously, H2 in the syngas permeates through the hydrogen-selective, dense metal membrane into a counter-current nitrogen “sweep” flow. The permeated H2, diluted by N2, constitutes a decarbonized fuel for the combined cycle power plant whose exhaust is CO2 free. Exiting the membrane reactor is a hot, high pressure “raffinate” stream composed primarily of CO2 and steam, but also containing “fuel species” such as H2S, unconverted CO, and unpermeated H2. Two different schemes (oxygen catalytic combustion and cryogenic separation) have been investigated to both exploit the heating value of the fuel species and produce a CO2-rich stream for long term storage. Our calculations indicate that, when 85vol% of the H2+CO in the original syngas is extracted as H2 by the membrane reactor, the membrane-based IGCC systems are more efficient by ∼1.7 percentage points than the reference IGCC with CO2 capture based on commercially ready technology.

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Tan, Yuting, Worrada Nookuea, Hailong Li, Eva Thorin, and Jinyue Yan. "Evaluation of viscosity and thermal conductivity models for CO 2 mixtures applied in CO 2 cryogenic process in carbon capture and storage (CCS)." Applied Thermal Engineering 123 (August 2017): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.124.

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Kim, Jeongdong, Jinwoo Park, Meng Qi, Inkyu Lee, and Il Moon. "Process Integration of an Autothermal Reforming Hydrogen Production System with Cryogenic Air Separation and Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Liquefied Natural Gas Cold Energy." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 60, no. 19 (May 7, 2021): 7257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06265.

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Elhenawy, Salma, Majeda Khraisheh, Fares AlMomani, and Mohamed Hassan. "Key Applications and Potential Limitations of Ionic Liquid Membranes in the Gas Separation Process of CO2, CH4, N2, H2 or Mixtures of These Gases from Various Gas Streams." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 4274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184274.

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Heightened levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) have prompted research into techniques for their capture and separation, including membrane separation, chemical looping, and cryogenic distillation. Ionic liquids, due to their negligible vapour pressure, thermal stability, and broad electrochemical stability have expanded their application in gas separations. This work provides an overview of the recent developments and applications of ionic liquid membranes (ILMs) for gas separation by focusing on the separation of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), or mixtures of these gases from various gas streams. The three general types of ILMs, such as supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), ionic liquid polymeric membranes (ILPMs), and ionic liquid mixed-matrix membranes (ILMMMs) for the separation of various mixed gas systems, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, issues, challenges, computational studies and future perspectives for ILMs are also considered. The results of the analysis show that SILMs, ILPMs, and the ILMMs are very promising membranes that have great potential in gas separation processes. They offer a wide range of permeabilities and selectivities for CO2, CH4, N2, H2 or mixtures of these gases. In addition, a comparison was made based on the selectivity and permeability of SILMs, ILPMs, and ILMMMs for CO2/CH4 separation based on a Robeson’s upper bound curves.

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Canducci, Chiara, Paolo Bartolomei, Giuseppe Magnani, Antonietta Rizzo, Angela Piccoli, Laura Tositti, and Massimo Esposito. "Upgrade of the CO2 Direct Absorption Method for Low-Level 14C Liquid Scintillation Counting." Radiocarbon 55, no. 2 (2013): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200057362.

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A new system for CO2 absorption and liquid scintillation counting (LSC) was designed and developed along with its inherent measurement protocol for radiocarbon analysis in gaseous emissions, fuels, and biobased products. CO2 is chemically trapped as a carbamate in a suitable absorbing solution (3-methoxy-propyl-amine), gravimetrically measured, and analyzed by LSC (using a QuantulusTM 1220) to determine the 14C content. The use of cryogenic traps and a pressure transducer in the system prevents the need for closed-loop recirculation or additional steps to maximize CO2 capture in a short amount of time. The choice of PTFE vials used both for CO2 pretreatment and subsequent LSC analysis provides the opportunity to significantly reduce the background counting down to 40% with respect to the low-40K glass vials. This upgrade resulted in improving the maximum detectable age back to 36,000 yr BP in routine measurements. This method therefore turns out to be flexible enough to be applied for 14C dating as well as to differentiate between modern and fossil carbon.

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Mehrpooya, Mehdi, Reza Esfilar, and S. M. Ali Moosavian. "Introducing a novel air separation process based on cold energy recovery of LNG integrated with coal gasification, transcritical carbon dioxide power cycle and cryogenic CO2 capture." Journal of Cleaner Production 142 (January 2017): 1749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.112.

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31

Sukor, Norhasyima Rahmad, Abd Halim Shamsuddin, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, and Md Faudzi Mat Isa. "Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Capture Technologies in Offshore Natural Gas Field: Implications to Carbon Capture and Storage in Malaysia." Processes 8, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030350.

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Growing concern on global warming directly related to CO2 emissions is steering the implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). With Malaysia having an estimated 37 Tscfd (Trillion standard cubic feet) of natural gas remains undeveloped in CO2 containing natural gas fields, there is a need to assess the viability of CCS implementation. This study performs a techno-economic analysis for CCS at an offshore natural gas field in Malaysia. The framework includes a gas field model, revenue model, and cost model. A techno-economic spreadsheet consisting of Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PBP), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is developed over the gas field’s production life of 15 years for four distinctive CO2 capture technologies, which are membrane, chemical absorption, physical absorption, and cryogenics. Results predict that physical absorption solvent (Selexol) as CO2 capture technology is most feasible with IRR of 15% and PBP of 7.94 years. The output from the techno-economic model and associated risks of the CCS project are quantified by employing sensitivity analysis (SA), which indicated that the project NPV is exceptionally sensitive to gas price. On this basis, the economic performance of the project is reliant on revenues from gas sales, which is dictated by gas market price uncertainties.

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Chestnut, H., D. P. Siegel, J. L. Burns, and Y. Talmon. "A temperature-jump technique for time-resolved cryo-transmission Electron Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 742–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155682.

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Transmission electron microscopy of rapidly-frozen, hydrated specimens (cryo-TEM) is a powerful way of examining labile microstructures. This technique avoids some artifacts associated with conventional preparative methods. Use of a controlled environment vitrification system (CEVS) for specimen preparation reduces the risk of unwanted sample changes due to evaporation, and permits the examination of specimens vitrified from a defined temperature. Studies of dynamic processes with time resolution on the order of seconds, in which the process was initiated by changes in sample pH, have been conducted. We now report the development of an optical method for increasing specimen temperature immediately before vitrification. Using our method, processes that are regulated by temperature can be initiated in less than 500 msec on the specimen grid. The ensuing events can then be captured by plunge-freezing within an additional 200 msec.Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes, produced by extrusion, were used as test specimens. DMPC undergoes a gel/liquid crystalline transition at 24°C, inducing a change in liposome morphology from polyhedral to spherical. Five-μl aliquots of DMPC dispersions were placed on holey-carbon-filmed copper grids mounted in the CEVS environmental chamber, and maintained at 6-8°C and 80% relative humidity. Immediately before the temperature jump most of the sample was blotted away with filter paper, leaving a thin specimen film on the grid. Upon pressing the trigger, an electronic control circuit generated this timed sequence of events. First, a solenoid-activated shutter was opened to heat the specimen by exposing it for a variable time to the focused beam of a 75W Xenon arc lamp. Simultaneously, a solenoid-activated cryogen shutter in the bottom of the CEVS was opened. Next, the lamp shutter was closed after the desired heating interval. Finally, a solenoid-activated cable release was used to trigger a spring-loaded plunger in the CEVS, propelling the sample into a reservoir of liquid ethane. Vitrified samples were subsequently transferred to a Zeiss EM902 TEM, operated in zero-loss brightfield mode, for examination at −163°C.

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Ambrose, J. L., Y. Zhou, K. Haase, H. R. Mayne, R. Talbot, and B. C. Sive. "A gas chromatographic instrument for measurement of hydrogen cyanide in the lower atmosphere." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 1229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1229-2012.

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Abstract. A gas-chromatographic (GC) instrument was developed for measuring hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the lower atmosphere. The main features of the instrument are (1) a cryogen-free cooler for sample dehumidification and enrichment, (2) a porous polymer PLOT column for analyte separation, (3) a flame thermionic detector (FTD) for sensitive and selective detection, and (4) a dynamic dilution system for calibration. We deployed the instrument for a ∼4 month period from January–June, 2010 at the AIRMAP atmospheric monitoring station Thompson Farm 2 (THF2) in rural Durham, NH. A subset of measurements made during 3–31 March is presented here with a detailed description of the instrument features and performance characteristics. The temporal resolution of the measurements was ~20 min, with a 75 s sample capture time. The 1σ measurement precision was <10% and the instrument response linearity was excellent on a calibration scale of 0.10–0.75 ppbv (±5%). The estimated method detection limit (MDL) and accuracy were 0.021 ppbv and 15%, respectively. From 3–31 March 2010, ambient HCN mixing ratios ranged from 0.15–1.0 ppbv (±15%), with a mean value of 0.36 ± 0.16 ppbv (1σ). The approximate mean background HCN mixing ratio of 0.20 ± 0.04 ppbv appeared to agree well with tropospheric column measurements reported previously. The GC-FTD HCN measurements were strongly correlated with acetonitrile (CH3CN) measured concurrently with a proton transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), as anticipated given our understanding that the nitriles share a common primary biomass burning source to the global atmosphere. The nitriles were overall only weakly correlated with carbon monoxide (CO), which is reasonable considering the greater diversity of sources for CO. However, strong correlations with CO were observed on several nights under stable atmospheric conditions and suggest regional combustion-based sources for the nitriles. These results demonstrate that the GC-FTD instrument is capable of making long term, in-situ measurements of HCN in the lower atmosphere. To date, similar measurements have not been performed, yet they are critically needed to (1) better evaluate the regional scale distribution of HCN in the atmosphere and (2) discern the influence of biomass burning on surface air composition in remote regions.

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Hoeger, Christopher, Stephanie Burt, and Larry Baxter. "Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ Technoeconomic Analysis." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3820158.

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Baxter, Larry, Christopher Hoeger, Kyler Stitt, Stephanie Burt, and Andrew Baxter. "Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ (CCC) Status Report." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3819906.

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Frankman, David, Stephanie Burt, Ethan Beven, Dallin Parkinson, Christopher Wagstaff, William Roberts, and Larry Baxter. "Recent Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ Field Test Results." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3820161.

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Wang, Xiaoxing, and Chunshan Song. "Carbon Capture From Flue Gas and the Atmosphere: A Perspective." Frontiers in Energy Research 8 (December 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2020.560849.

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Climate change has become a worldwide concern with the rapid rise of the atmospheric Co2 concentration. To mitigate Co2 emissions, the research and development efforts in Co2 capture and separation both from the stationary sources with high Co2 concentrations (e.g., coal-fired power plant flue gas) and directly from the atmosphere have grown significantly. Much progress has been achieved, especially within the last twenty years. In this perspective, we first briefly review the current status of carbon capture technologies including absorption, adsorption, membrane, biological capture, and cryogenic separation, and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Then, we focus mainly on the recent advances in the absorption, adsorption, and membrane technologies. Even though numerous optimizations in materials and processes have been pursued, implementing a single separation process is still quite energy-intensive or costly. To address the challenges, we provide our perspectives on future directions of Co2 capture research and development, that is, the combination of flue gas recycling and hybrid capture system, and one-step integrated Co2 capture and conversion system, as they have the potential to overcome the technical bottlenecks of single capture technologies, offering significant improvement in energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

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Rodrigues, Guillaume, Martin Raventos, Richard Dubettier, and Sidonie Ruban. "Adsorption Assisted Cryogenic Carbon Capture: an Alternate Path to Steam Driven Technologies to Decrease Cost and Carbon Footprint." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3820744.

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Osman, Ahmed I., Mahmoud Hefny, M. I. A. Abdel Maksoud, Ahmed M. Elgarahy, and David W. Rooney. "Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review." Environmental Chemistry Letters, November 22, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01133-3.

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AbstractHuman activities have led to a massive increase in $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 emissions as a primary greenhouse gas that is contributing to climate change with higher than $$1\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 1 ∘ C global warming than that of the pre-industrial level. We evaluate the three major technologies that are utilised for carbon capture: pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel combustion. We review the advances in carbon capture, storage and utilisation. We compare carbon uptake technologies with techniques of carbon dioxide separation. Monoethanolamine is the most common carbon sorbent; yet it requires a high regeneration energy of 3.5 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 . Alternatively, recent advances in sorbent technology reveal novel solvents such as a modulated amine blend with lower regeneration energy of 2.17 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 . Graphene-type materials show $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 adsorption capacity of 0.07 mol/g, which is 10 times higher than that of specific types of activated carbon, zeolites and metal–organic frameworks. $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 geosequestration provides an efficient and long-term strategy for storing the captured $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 in geological formations with a global storage capacity factor at a Gt-scale within operational timescales. Regarding the utilisation route, currently, the gross global utilisation of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 is lower than 200 million tonnes per year, which is roughly negligible compared with the extent of global anthropogenic $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 emissions, which is higher than 32,000 million tonnes per year. Herein, we review different $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 utilisation methods such as direct routes, i.e. beverage carbonation, food packaging and oil recovery, chemical industries and fuels. Moreover, we investigated additional $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 utilisation for base-load power generation, seasonal energy storage, and district cooling and cryogenic direct air $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 capture using geothermal energy. Through bibliometric mapping, we identified the research gap in the literature within this field which requires future investigations, for instance, designing new and stable ionic liquids, pore size and selectivity of metal–organic frameworks and enhancing the adsorption capacity of novel solvents. Moreover, areas such as techno-economic evaluation of novel solvents, process design and dynamic simulation require further effort as well as research and development before pilot- and commercial-scale trials.

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Mastropasqua, Luca, Stefano Campanari, and Jack Brouwer. "Electrochemical Carbon Separation in a SOFC–MCFC Polygeneration Plant With Near-Zero Emissions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 140, no. 1 (September 19, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4037639.

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The modularity and high efficiency at small-scale make high temperature (HT) fuel cells an interesting solution for carbon capture and utilization at the distributed generation (DG) scale when coupled to appropriate use of CO2 (i.e., for industrial uses, local production of chemicals, etc.). The present work explores fully electrochemical power systems capable of producing a highly pure CO2 stream and hydrogen. In particular, the proposed system is based upon integrating a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). The use of these HT fuel cells has already been separately applied in the past for carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications. However, their combined use is yet unexplored. The reference configuration proposed envisions the direct supply of the SOFC anode outlet to a burner which, using the cathode depleted air outlet, completes the oxidation of the unconverted species. The outlet of the burner is then fed to the MCFC cathode inlet, which separates the CO2 from the stream. This layout has the significant advantage of achieving the required CO2 purity for liquefaction and long-range transportation without requiring the need of cryogenic or distillation plants. Furthermore, different configurations are considered with the final aim of increasing the carbon capture ratio (CCR) and maximizing the electrical efficiency. Moreover, the optimal power ratio between SOFC and MCFC stacks is also explored. Complete simulation results are presented, discussing the proposed plant mass and energy balances and showing the most attractive configurations from the point of view of total efficiency and CCR.

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Bhander, Gurbakhash, Chun Wai Lee, and Matthew Hakos. "Perspective Analysis of Emerging Natural Gas-based Technology Options for Electricity Production." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 20, no. 5 (October 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2019-0034.

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Abstract The growing worldwide interest in low carbon electric generation technologies has renewed interest in natural gas because it is considered a cleaner burning and more flexible alternative to other fossil fuels. Recent shale gas developments have increased natural gas production and availability while lowering cost, allowing a shift to natural gas for electricity production to be a cost-effective option. Natural gas generation in the U.S. electricity sector has grown substantially in recent years (over 31 percent in 2012, up from 17 percent in 1990), while carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the sector have generally declined. Natural gas-fired electrical generation offers several advantages over other fossil (e. g. coal, oil) fuel-fired generation. The combination of the lower carbon-to-hydrogen ratio in natural gas (compared to other fossil fuels) and the higher efficiency of natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants (using two thermodynamic cycles) than traditional fossil-fueled electric power generation (using a single cycle) results in less CO2 emissions per unit of electricity produced. Furthermore, natural gas combustion results in considerably fewer emissions of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM). Natural gas is not the main option for deep de-carbonization. If deep reduction is prioritized, whether of the electricity sector or of the entire economy, there are four primary technologies that would be assumed to play a prominent role: energy efficiency equipment, nuclear power, renewable energy, and carbon capture and storage (CCS). However, natural gas with low carbon generation technologies can be considered a “bridge” to transition to these deep decarbonization options. This paper discusses the economics and environmental impacts, focusing on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, associated with alternative electricity production options using natural gas as the fuel source. We also explore pairing NGCC with carbon capture, explicitly examining the costs and emissions of amine absorption, cryogenic carbon capture, carbonate fuel cells, and oxy-combustion.

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Gambini, Marco, and Michela Vellini. "Oxygen Transport Membranes for Ultra-Supercritical (USC) Power Plants With Very Low CO2 Emissions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 134, no. 8 (June 19, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4006482.

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Coal combustion for electric power generation is one of the major contributors to anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are currently intensively investigated in order to mitigate CO2 emissions. The technique which is currently the most pursued is post combustion scrubbing of the flue gas, due to the potential to retrofit post combustion capture to existing power plants. However, it also comes with a substantial energy penalty. To reduce the energy demand of CO2 processing, the so-called oxyfuel technology presents an option to increase the concentration of CO2 in the flue gas. Here, the coal is burned in a mixture of oxygen and recycled flue gas. Hence, the flue gas primarily consists of CO2 and water vapor, which can be easily condensed. In general, there are two different techniques for oxygen production in oxyfuel power plants: cryogenic air separation (it is a method which can be easily implemented since it is already well established in industry) and a mixed metal oxide ceramic membrane (ITM or OTM) operating at high temperatures (it is a new process for O2 production, which is under development). In the last ten years, efforts in the efficient utilization of energy and reduction of emissions have indirectly stimulated research in mixed conducting membranes. In fact, the presently available cryogenic air separation process consumes a significant fraction of the generating plant’s output and reduces its efficiency. Oxygen transport membrane (OTM) integration with an ultra-supercritical (USC) power plant is, indeed, considered a promising technology that will lead to economic and energy savings compared to the previous solution. In this paper, we discuss the actual potentialities and limits of OTM and their integration in USC power plants.

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Ferguson, Suzanne, and Anthony Tarrant. "Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells for 90% Post Combustion CO2 Capture From a New Build CCGT." Frontiers in Energy Research 9 (July 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.668431.

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This paper presents the findings of the techno-economic assessment undertaken by Wood for the UK Government Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on the large-scale deployment of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) for post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a new build combined cycle gas turbine power plant for the generation of low carbon electricity. The findings are compared with a state of the art proprietary amine scrubbing technology. Based on a new build power plant to be installed in the North East of England, with a power train comprising two trains of H-class gas turbines each with a dedicated steam turbine, the configuration presented utilises MCFCs between the gas turbine exhausts and their heat recovery steam generators and cryogenic separation for unconverted fuel recycle and CO2 purification. It was found that the proposed configuration could achieve 92% CO2 capture from the overall power plant with MCFCs while achieving 42% of additional new power production with only 2.6 %-points of thermal efficiency penalty compared to a conventional proprietary amine benchmark. While the total project capital cost increased by 65%, the high overall thermal efficiency and additional power generated resulted in a Levelised Cost of Electricity almost identical to the benchmark at £70/MWh (US$97/MWh). A number of areas are identified for potential further improvement in this scheme. It is concluded that use of MCFC technology, which also has the capability to be tailored for hydrogen production and combined heat and power services, shows significant potential to be competitive with, or exceed, the cost and technical performance of current state of the art technologies for post-combustion CO2 capture.

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Campanari, Stefano, and Matteo Gazzani. "High Efficiency SOFC Power Cycles With Indirect Natural Gas Reforming and CO2 Capture." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4029425.

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Driven by the search for the highest theoretical efficiency, several studies have investigated in the last years the adoption of fuel cells (FCs) in the field of power production from natural gas with CO2 capture. Most of the proposed power cycles rely on high temperature FCs, namely, solid oxide FCs (SOFCs) and molten carbonate FCs (MCFCs), based on the concept of hybrid FC plus gas turbine cycles. Accordingly, high temperature FCs are integrated with a simple or modified Brayton cycle. As far as SOFCs are concerned, CO2 can be separated downstream the FC via a range of available technologies, e.g., chemical or physical separation processes, oxy-combustion, and cryogenic methods. Following a literature review on promising plant configurations, this work investigates the potential of adopting an external natural gas conversion section with respect to the plant efficiency. As a reference plant, we considered a power cycle proposed by Adams and Barton (2010, “High-Efficiency Power Production From Natural Gas With Carbon Capture,” J. Power Sources, 195(7), pp. 1971–1983), whose performance is the highest found in literature for SOFC-based power cycles, with 82% LHV electrical efficiency. It is based on a prereforming concept where fuel is reformed ahead the SOFC, which thus works with a high hydrogen content fuel. After reproducing the power cycle with the ideal assumptions proposed by the original authors, as second step, the simulations were focused on revising the power cycle, implementing a complete set of assumptions about component losses and more conservative operating conditions about FC voltage, heat exchangers minimum temperature differences (which were previously neglected), maximum steam temperature (set according to heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) practice), turbomachinery efficiency, component pressure losses, and other adjustments. The simulation also required to design an appropriate heat exchangers network, which turned out to be very complex, instead of relying on the free allocation of heat transfer among all components. Considering the consequent modifications with respect to the original layout, the net electric efficiency changes to around 63% LHV with nearly complete (95%+) CO2 capture, a still remarkable but less attractive value. On the other hand, the power cycle requires a complicated and demanding heat exchangers network and heavily relies on the SOFC performances, not generating a positive power output from the gas turbine loop. Detailed results are presented in terms of energy and material balances of the proposed cycles. All simulations have been carried out with the proprietary code GS, developed by the GECOS group at Politecnico di Milano.

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Manzolini, G., S. Campanari, P. Chiesa, A. Giannotti, P. Bedont, and F. Parodi. "CO2 Separation From Combined Cycles Using Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4005125.

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This paper presents an analysis of advanced cycles with limited CO2 emissions based onthe integration of molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) in natural gas fired combined cycles (NGCC) in order to efficiently capture CO2 from the exhaust of the gas turbine. In the proposed cycles, the gas turbine flue gases are used as cathode feeding for a MCFC, where CO2 is transferred from the cathode to anode side, concentrating the CO2 in the anode exhaust. At the anode side, the MCFCs are fed with natural gas, processed by an external reformer which is thermally integrated within the FC module; the corresponding CO2 production is completely concentrated at the anode. The resulting anode exhaust stream is then sent to a CO2 removal section which is based on a cryogenic CO2 removal process, based on internal or external refrigeration cycles, cooling the exhaust stream in the heat recovery steam generator and recycling residual fuel compounds to the power cycle. In all cases, a high purity CO2 stream is obtained after condensation of water and pumped in liquid form for subsequent storage. The possibility to arrange the MCFC section with different configurations and operating parameters of the fuel cell modules is investigated, and the option to include two fuel cell modules in series connection, with intermediate cooling of the cathode stream, in order to enhance the plant CO2 separation effectiveness, is also examined. The MCFC section behavior is simulated taking into account Ansaldo Fuel Cells experience and reference data based on a dedicated simulation tool. Detailed energy and material balances of the most promising cycle configurations are presented; fuel cell and conventional components’ working parameters are described and discussed, carrying out a sensitivity analysis on the fuel cell CO2 utilization factor. The plant shows the potential to achieve a CO2 avoided fraction approaching 70–80%, depending on the CO2 concentration limit at cathode outlet, with overall electric efficiency only 1–2% points lower than the reference combined cycle. The plant power output increases by over 40%, thanks to the contributions of the MCFC section which acts as an active CO2 concentrator, giving a potentially relevant advantage with respect to competitive carbon capture technologies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cryogenic carbon capture'

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