Academic literature on the topic 'Cryogenic carbon capture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cryogenic carbon capture"
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Scholes, Colin A., Minh T. Ho, Dianne E. Wiley, Geoff W. Stevens, and Sandra E. Kentish. "Cost competitive membrane—cryogenic post-combustion carbon capture." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 17 (September 2013): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.05.017.
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Khandaker, Tasmina, Muhammad Sarwar Hossain, Palash Kumar Dhar, Md Saifur Rahman, Md Ashraf Hossain, and Mohammad Boshir Ahmed. "Efficacies of Carbon-Based Adsorbents for Carbon Dioxide Capture." Processes 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060654.
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Carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas, capture has recently become a crucial technological solution to reduce atmospheric emissions from fossil fuel burning. Thereafter, many efforts have been put forwarded to reduce the burden on climate change by capturing and separating CO2, especially from larger power plants and from the air through the utilization of different technologies (e.g., membrane, absorption, microbial, cryogenic, chemical looping, and so on). Those technologies have often suffered from high operating costs and huge energy consumption. On the right side, physical process, such as adsorption, is a cost-effective process, which has been widely used to adsorb different contaminants, including CO2. Henceforth, this review covered the overall efficacies of CO2 adsorption from air at 196 K to 343 K and different pressures by the carbon-based materials (CBMs). Subsequently, we also addressed the associated challenges and future opportunities for CBMs. According to this review, the efficacies of various CBMs for CO2 adsorption have followed the order of carbon nanomaterials (i.e., graphene, graphene oxides, carbon nanotubes, and their composites) < mesoporous -microporous or hierarchical porous carbons < biochar and activated biochar < activated carbons.
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Babar, M., M. A. Bustam, A. S. Maulud, and A. H. Ali. "Optimization of cryogenic carbon dioxide capture from natural gas." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 50, no. 3 (March 2019): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201800202.
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Font-Palma, Carolina, David Cann, and Chinonyelum Udemu. "Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications." C 7, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7030058.
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Our ever-increasing interest in economic growth is leading the way to the decline of natural resources, the detriment of air quality, and is fostering climate change. One potential solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from industrial emitters is the exploitation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Among the various CO2 separation technologies, cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) could emerge by offering high CO2 recovery rates and purity levels. This review covers the different CCC methods that are being developed, their benefits, and the current challenges deterring their commercialisation. It also offers an appraisal for selected feasible small- and large-scale CCC applications, including blue hydrogen production and direct air capture. This work considers their technological readiness for CCC deployment and acknowledges competing technologies and ends by providing some insights into future directions related to the R&D for CCC systems.
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Kotowicz, Janusz, and Sylwia Berdowska. "The influence of selected parameters on the efficiency and economic charactersistics of the oxy-type coal unit with a membrane-cryogenic oxygen separator." Archives of Thermodynamics 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2016-0005.
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AbstractIn this paper a 600 MW oxy-type coal unit with a pulverized bed boiler and a membrane-cryogenic oxygen separator and carbon capture installation was analyzed. A membrane-cryogenic oxygen separation installation consists of a membrane module and two cryogenic distillation columns. In this system oxygen is produced with the purity equal to 95%. Installation of carbon capture was based on the physical separation method and allows to reduce the CO2emission by 90%. In this work the influence of the main parameter of the membrane process – the selectivity coefficient, on the efficiency of the coal unit was presented. The economic analysis with the use of the break-even point method was carried out. The economic calculations were realized in view of the break-even price of electricity depending on a coal unit availability.
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Susanti, Indri. "Technologies and Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture." Science Education and Application Journal 1, no. 2 (October 5, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/seaj.v1i2.147.
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This paper was aims to review the technologies and materials for CO2 capture. Carbon dioxide is one of the triggers for the greenhouse effect and global warming. Some methods to reduce CO2 are separation technologies include air capture, CO2 Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) and CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. CCS technology have several systems namely post-combution, pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion. Post-combution systems can be done in various systems including absorption, adsorption, membrane, and cryogenic. Adsorption proses for CO2 capture applied with porous material such us mesopore silica, zeolite, carbon, MOF dan COF. This review was described the advantages and disadvantages of each technology for CO2 capture. Materials for CO2 adsorption also descibed in this review.
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Scholes, Colin, Minh Ho, and Dianne Wiley. "Membrane-Cryogenic Post-Combustion Carbon Capture of Flue Gases from NGCC." Technologies 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies4020014.
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Cormos, Calin-Cristian. "Techno-Economic Evaluations of Copper-Based Chemical Looping Air Separation System for Oxy-Combustion and Gasification Power Plants with Carbon Capture." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113095.
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Energy and economic penalties for CO2 capture are the main challenges in front of the carbon capture technologies. Chemical Looping Air Separation (CLAS) represents a potential solution for energy and cost-efficient oxygen production in comparison to the cryogenic method. This work is assessing the key techno-economic performances of a CLAS system using copper oxide as oxygen carrier integrated in coal and lignite-based oxy-combustion and gasification power plants. For comparison, similar combustion and gasification power plants using cryogenic air separation with and without carbon capture were considered as benchmark cases. The assessments were focused on large scale power plants with 350–500 MW net electricity output and 90% CO2 capture rate. As the results show, the utilization of CLAS system in coal and lignite-based oxy-combustion and gasification power plants is improving the key techno-economic indicators e.g., increasing the energy efficiency by about 5–10%, reduction of specific capital investments by about 12–18%, lower cost of electricity by about 8–11% as well as lower CO2 avoidance cost by about 17–27%. The highest techno-economic improvements being noticed for oxy-combustion cases since these plants are using more oxygen than gasification plants.
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Babar, Muhammad, Mohamad Azmi Bustam, Abulhassan Ali, Abdulhalim Shah Maulud, Umar Shafiq, Ahmad Mukhtar, Syed Nasir Shah, Khuram Maqsood, Nurhayati Mellon, and Azmi M. Shariff. "Thermodynamic data for cryogenic carbon dioxide capture from natural gas: A review." Cryogenics 102 (September 2019): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.07.004.
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Mat, Norfamila Che, and G. Glenn Lipscomb. "Global sensitivity analysis for hybrid membrane-cryogenic post combustion carbon capture process." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 81 (February 2019): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.12.023.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cryogenic carbon capture"
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Jensen, Mark. "Energy Process Enabled by Cryogenic Carbon Capture." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5711.
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Global climate change concerns help shape current environmental regulations, which increasingly seek to reduce or capture CO2 emissions. Methods for capturing CO2 emissions from energy processes have been the focus of numerous studies to provide support for those seeking to reduce the environmental impact of their processes. This research has (1) simulated a baseline case of energy-storing cryogenic carbon capture for implementation on a 550 MWe coal fired power plant, (2) presented a novel cryogenic carbon capture process for removing CO2 from natural gas down to arbitrary levels, (3) presented a natural gas liquefaction process that has the ability to be highly CO2 tolerant, and (4) developed theoretical models and their experimental validation of CO2 capture predictions for all aforementioned processes.
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Nielson, Bradley J. "Cryogenic Carbon Capture using a Desublimating Spray Tower." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3721.
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Global warming is becoming ever increasing concern in our society. As such the likelihood of a carbon tax in the US is becoming increasingly likely. A carbon tax will be expensive enough that coal-based power plants will either have to install carbon capture technology or close. The two front runner technologies for carbon capture are amine scrubbing, and oxyfuel combustion. The downside is that both of these technologies increase power generation cost in a new plant by about 80% and have up to a 30% parasitic load, which reduces the cycle efficiency, that is, the power production per unit fuel consumed, by the same 30%. Retrofitting existing plants by either of these technologies is even more expensive and inefficient since it requires major modifications or replacement of the existing plant in addition to the new capture technology. Sustainable Energy Solutions (SES) has developed a carbon capture technology named cryogenic carbon capture (CCC). CCC is a process by which the flue gas cools to the point that CO2 desublimates. This process is more efficient, cheaper, and has about half of the parasitic load of other technologies, approaching the theoretical minimum in CO2 separation within heat exchanger and compressor efficiencies. This thesis conceptually describes, experimentally characterizes, and theoretically models one desublimating heat exchanger as an integral part of the CCC process. A spray tower conceptually developed by SES and theoretically and experimentally explored in previous work at lab scale is developed at bench scale in this work with accompanying major modifications to the theoretical model. It sprays a cold contact liquid to cool warm gas (relative to the contact liquid) that travels up the tower. Nominal operating temperatures are around -120 to -130 °C for 90% and 99% capture, respectively. Once the flue gas cools enough, CO2 desublimates on the liquid droplet surfaces and forms a slurry with the contact liquid. This spray tower can achieve arbitrarily high CO2 capture efficiency, depending on the temperature of the exiting gas and other operational variables. The experimental data outlined here varied these operational parameters over broad ranges to achieve capture efficiencies of 55% to greater than 95%, providing a robust data set for model comparison. The operational parameters explored include liquid temperature, liquid flow rate, gas flow rate, and droplet size. These data validated a transport and design model that predicts capture for future scale-up and design of the project. The data and model indicate expected behaviors with most of these variables and a dependence on internal droplet temperature profiles that may be higher than expected. This project significantly advanced the experimental database and the model capabilities that describe the spray tower.
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Russell, Christopher Stephen. "Carbon Capture and Synergistic Energy Storage: Performance and Uncertainty Quantification." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7414.
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Energy use around the world will rise in the coming decades. Renewable energy sources will help meet this demand, but renewable sources suffer from intermittency, uncontrollable power supply, geographic limitations, and other issues. Many of these issues can be mitigated by introducing energy storage technologies. These technologies facilitate load following and can effectively time-shift power. This analysis compares dedicated and synergistic energy storage technologies using energy efficiency as the primary metric. Energy storage will help renewable sources come to the grid, but fossil fuels still dominate energy sources for decades to come in nearly all projections. Carbon capture technologies can significantly reduce the negative environmental impact of these power plants. There are many carbon capture technologies under development. This analysis considers both the innovative and relatively new cryogenic carbon capture™ (CCC) process and more traditional solvent-based systems. The CCC process requires less energy than other leading technologies while simultaneously providing a means of energy storage for the power plant. This analysis shows CCC is effective as a means to capture CO2 from coal-fired power plants, natural-gas-fired power plants, and syngas production plants. Statistical analysis includes two carbon capture technologies and illustrates how uncertainty quantification (UQ) provides error bars for simulations. UQ provides information on data gaps, uncertainties for property models, and distributions for model predictions. In addition, UQ results provide a discrepancy function that can be introduced into the model to provide a better fit to data and better accuracy overall.
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James, David William. "Failing Drop CO2 Deposition (Desublimation) Heat Exchanger for the Cryogenic Carbon Capture Process." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2930.
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Cryogenic carbon capture removes CO2 and other pollutants from flue and waste stream gases produced from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil and the production of cement. A transient, 1-dimensional numerical model was developed to study the temperature profile within a counter-current surface CO2 desublimation-falling liquid or solid heat exchanger. Effects of desublimation heat and mass transfer as well as convective and conductive heat transfer relationships were taken into account. Experiments show that CO2 can be captured on a falling spherical particle when appropriate column operating conditions are met.
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Dingilian, Kayane Kohar. "Homogeneous Nucleation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in Supersonic Nozzles." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1607019789125519.
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Safdarnejad, Seyed Mostafa. "Developing Modeling, Optimization, and Advanced Process Control Frameworks for Improving the Performance of Transient Energy-Intensive Applications." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6057.
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The increasing trend of world-wide energy consumption emphasizes the importance of ongoing optimization of new and existing technologies. In this dissertation, two energy–intensive systems are simulated and optimized. Advanced estimation, optimization, and control techniques such as a moving horizon estimator and a model predictive controller are developed to enhance the profitability, product quality, and reliability of the systems. An enabling development is presented for the solution of complex dynamic optimization problems. The strategy involves an initialization approach to large–scale system models that both enhance the computational performance as well as the ability of the solver to converge to an optimal solution. One particular application of this approach is the modeling and optimization of a batch distillation column. For estimation of unknown parameters, an L1-norm method is utilized that is less sensitive to outliers than a squared error objective. The results obtained from the simple model match the experimental data and model prediction for a more rigorous model. A nonlinear statistical analysis and a sensitivity analysis are also implemented to verify the reliability of the estimated parameters. The reduced–order model developed for the batch distillation column is computationally fast and reasonably accurate and is applicable for real time control and online optimization purposes. Similar to estimation, an L1-norm objective function is applied for optimization of the column operation. Application of an L1-norm permits explicit prioritization of the multi–objective problems and adds only linear terms to the problem. Dynamic optimization of the column results in a 14% increase in the methanol product obtained from the column with 99% purity. In a second application of the methodology, the results obtained from optimization of the hybrid system of a cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) and power generation units are presented. Cryogenic carbon capture is a novel technology for CO2 removal from power generation units and has superior features such as low energy consumption, large–scale energy storage, and fast response to fluctuations in electricity demand. Grid–level energy storage of the CCC process enables 100% utilization of renewable power sources while 99% of the CO2 produced from fossil–fueled power plants is captured. In addition, energy demand of the CCC process is effectively managed by deploying the energy storage capability of this process. By exploiting time–of–day pricing, the profit obtained from dynamic optimization of this hybrid energy system offsets a significant fraction of the cost of construction of the cryogenic carbon capture plant.
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Fazlollahi, Farhad. "Dynamic Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Processing with Energy Storage Applications." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5956.
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The cryogenic carbon capture™ (CCC) process provides energy- and cost-efficient carbon capture and can be configured to provide an energy storage system using an open-loop natural gas (NG) refrigeration system, which is called energy storing cryogenic carbon capture (CCC-ES™). This investigation focuses on the transient operation and especially on the dynamic response of this energy storage system and explores its efficiency, effectiveness, design, and operation. This investigation included four tasks.The first task explores the steady-state design of four different natural gas liquefaction processes simulated by Aspen HYSYS. These processes differ from traditional LNG process in that the CCC process vaporizes the LNG and the cold vapors return through the LNG heat exchangers, exchanging sensible heat with the incoming flows. The comparisons include costs and energy performance with individually optimized processes, each operating at three operating conditions: energy storage, energy recovery, and balanced operation. The second task examines steady-state and transient models and optimization of natural gas liquefaction using Aspen HYSYS. Steady-state exergy and heat exchanger efficiency analyses characterize the performance of several potential systems. Transient analyses of the optimal steady-state model produced most of the results discussed here. The third task explores transient Aspen HYSYS modeling and optimization of two natural gas liquefaction processes and identifies the rate-limiting process components during load variations. Novel flowrate variations included in this investigation drive transient responses of all units, especially compressors and heat exchangers. Model-predictive controls (MPC) effectively manages such heat exchangers and compares favorably with results using traditional controls. The last task shows how an unprocessed natural gas (NG) pretreatment system can remove more than 90% of the CO2 from NG with CCC technology using Aspen Plus simulations and experimental data. This task shows how CCC-based technology can treat NG streams to prepare them for LNG use. Data from an experimental bench-scale apparatus verify simulation results. Simulated results on carbon (CO2) capture qualitatively and quantitatively agree with experimental results as a function of feedstock properties.
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Broman, Nils. "Värdeskapande av koldioxid frånbiogasproduktion : En kartläggning över lämpliga CCU-tekniker för implementeringpå biogasanläggningar i Sverige." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171793.
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Carbon dioxide from biogas production is currently considered to be without value and isbecause of this released into the atmosphere in the biogas upgrading process. The residualgas is a potential carbon source and can create value in the biogas manufacturing process.By finding a suitable value-creating process that utilizes carbon dioxide, it can be possibleto provide both economic and environmental incentives for companies to develop theiroperations. This project explored the possibility to create value from this CO2. Through anevaluation of the technical maturity of CCU technologies, a recommendation could be givenat the end of the project. An analysis of technical barriers, such as pollutants in the gas, aswell as barriers in the form of competence and corporate culture were examined in orderto provide a reasoned recommendation. The project mapped which value-creating systemswould be suitable for biogas producers in a Swedish context. This included established methaneand carbon dioxide upgrading techniques currently in use and suitable CCU techniquesthat can interact with the selected upgrading processes and serve as value creators. Based onthis survey, it was then possible to identify common, critical variables for these systems. Thereafter,a recommendation of an appropriate CCU technology could be given depending onthe CO2 composition produced. One conclusion from the study was that carbon dioxide concentrationsfrom the residual gas was often high (approx. 97-98 %) and did not contain anycorrosive or toxic components, and that this largely depends on how the digestion reactor ishandled in the production process. Thus, questions were raised about what the actual limitationsof the CCU are, as they did not seem to be technical. CCU techniques that proved to beof particular interest were pH regulation of sewage plants, CO2 as a nutrient substrate for thecultivation of microalgae, and manufacturing of dry-ice for refrigerated transports. All of thesetechnologies currently have a sufficiently high degree of technical maturity to be installedalready today. Other CCU techniques, such as "’Power to gas”, require a high CO2 concentrationand were discarded as the literature review did not suggest the economic potential forthem as they require additional CO2 upgrading steps. Instead, CCU techniques were chosenthat could be implemented directly with the existing CO2 quality. Furthermore, it was concludedthat one reason why CCU technologies have not been widely implemented is internalbarriers between distributors and manufacturers (or users) of CCU technologies. Thus, theuse of carbon dioxide from biogas production and implementation of CCU technologies canbe promoted by eliminating barriers in companies, such as a lack of both knowledge andfinancial incentives.Koldioxid från biogasproduktion betraktas i dagsläget som utan värde och släpps ut i atmosfärenvid uppgradering av biogas. Restgasen är en potentiell kolkälla och kan vara värdeskapandeför biogasprocessen. Genom att finna en lämplig värdeskapande process som utnyttjarkoldioxid går det att ge både ekonomiska och miljömässiga incitament till företag att utvecklasin verksamhet. I detta projekt undersöktes möjligheten att skapa värde av denna CO2.Genom en utvärdering av den tekniska mognadsgraden hos CCU-tekniker kunde en rekommendationges vid projektets slut. En analys av tekniska hinder, såsom föroreningar i gassammansättningen,såväl som hinder i form av kompetens och företagskultur undersöktes för attkunna ge en motiverad rekommendation. I projektet kartlades vilka värdeskapande systemsom skulle passa för biogasproducenter i en svensk kontext. Detta inkluderade etableradeuppgraderingstekniker för metan- och koldioxid som används i dagsläget. I projektet undersöktesäven lämpliga CCU-tekniker som kan samverka med de valda uppgraderingsprocessernaoch och agera värdeskapande. Utifrån denna kartläggning kunde det sedan anges vilkagemensamma, kritiska variabler som finns för dessa system. Därefter kunde en rekommendationav lämplig CCU-teknik ges beroende på den producerade CO2 sammansättningen. Enslutsats i projektet var att koldioxid från restgasen ofta var av hög koncentration (ca. 97-98 %)och ej innehöll några korrosiva eller toxiska komponenter, och att detta till stor del beror påhur rötkammaren är hanterad i produktionsprocessen. Således väcktes frågor kring vilka defaktiska begränsningarna för CCU är, då de inte torde vara tekniska. CCU-tekniker som visadesig vara av särskilt intresse var pH-reglering av avloppsverk, CO2 som näringssubstratför odling av mikroalger, samt tillverkning av kolsyreis för kyltransporter. Samtliga dessatekniker har tillräckligt hög teknisk mognadsgrad för att kunna installeras i dagsläget. AndraCCU-tekniker, såsom ”Power to gas”, kräver en hög CO2-koncentration och avfärdades dålitteraturstudien inte talade för den ekonomiska potentialen i dessa eftersom de kräver ytterligareuppgraderingssteg för CO2. Således valdes istället CCU-tekniker som skulle gå attimplementera direkt med den befintliga CO2 kvalitén. Vidare drogs slutsatsen att en anledningtill att CCU-tekniker inte har blivit vida implementerade till stor del är interna hindermellan distributörer och tillverkare (eller utnyttjare) av CCU-tekniker. Således kan användandetav koldioxid från biogasproduktion och implementering av CCU-tekniker främjasgenom att eliminera hinder hos företag. I projektet yttrade sig detta som bristande ekonomiskaincitament och okunskap. Ett ökat användande av CCU-tekniker kan också uppnås genomatt införa lagar och regler som begränsar användandet av föråldrade tekniker som drivs avfossila bränslen, och som kan ersättas av klimatvänliga CCU-tekniker.
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De, Luna Phil. "Computational Simulations to Aid in the Experimental Discovery of Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors and Ultra-Microporous Metal Organic Frameworks." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32982.
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In this thesis computational chemistry has been used to accelerate experimental discovery in the fields of ice recrystallization inhibitors for cryopreservation and ultra-microporous MOFs for carbon dioxide capture and storage. Ice recrystallization is one of the leading contributors to cell damage and death during the freezing process. This occurs when larger ice crystal grains grow at the expense of smaller ones. Naturally occurring biological antifreeze molecules have been discovered but only operate up to -4oC and actually exasperate the problem at temperatures lower than this. Recently, the group of Dr. Robert Ben have been successful in synthesizing small organic molecules which are capable of inhibiting the growth of ice crystals during the freezing process. They have built a library of diverse compounds with varying functionalities and activity. Chemical intuition has been unsuccessful in finding a discernible trend with which to predict activity. Herein we present work where we have utilized a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model to predict whether a molecule is active or inactive. This was built from a database of 124 structures and was found to have a positive find rate of 82%. Proposed molecules that had yet to be synthesized were predicted to active or inactive using our method and 9/11 structures were indeed active which is strikingly consistent to the 82% find rate. Our efforts to aid in the discovery of these novel molecules will be described here. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a relatively new class of porous materials which have taken the academic community by storm. These three-dimensional crystalline materials are built from a metal node and an organic linker. Depending on the metals and organic linkers used, MOFs can possess a vast range of topologies and properties that can be exploited for specific applications. Ultra-microporous MOFs possess relatively small pores in the range of 3.5 Å to 6 Å in diameter. These MOFs have some structural advantages compared to larger pored MOFs such as molecular sieving, smaller pores which promote strong framework-gas interactions and cooperative effects between guests, and longer shelf-life due to small void volumes and rigid frameworks. Here we present newly synthesized ultra-microporous MOFs based on isonicotnic acid as the organic linker with Ni and Mg as the metal centre. Despite having such small pores, Ni-4PyC exhibits exceptionally high CO2 uptake at high pressures. Furthermore, Mg-4PyC exhibits novel pressure dependent gate-opening behaviour. Computational simulations were employed to investigate the origin of high CO2 uptake, predict high pressure (>10bar) isotherms, quantify CO2 binding site positions and energies, and study uptake-dependent linker dynamics. This work hopes to provide experimentalists with some explanation to these interesting unexplained phenomena and also predict optimal properties for new applications.
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Haddad, Sylvain. "Etude des transitions contrôlées entre phases Solide-Vapeur de CO2 à partir d’un écoulement contenant du méthane en vue de l’épuration du biogaz." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM069.
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Les systèmes cryogéniques sont l’une des technologies les plus prometteuses et toujours en progrès pour valoriser le biogaz, car elles permettent son épuration sans solvants et possiblement à pression atmosphérique. Dans ce travail, un nouveau concept de récupération de froid par sublimation contrôlée est présenté. Un gaz froid est utilisé en tant que gaz de dégivrage. Il sublimera le givre en utilisant le gradient de pressions partielles entre le givre et la teneur de CO2 dans le gaz au lieu de gaspiller le froid par transfert de chaleur par convection. Avant cette étape, les dépôts de CO2 doivent être étudiés. La formation et la croissance de givre de CO2 sont détaillées et un modèle est présenté pour mieux expliquer comment le CO2 est séparé du biogaz et des dépôts sur une surface froide. Une comparaison entre les configurations de plaque plane et de tube a montré que cette dernière était meilleure pour la capture de CO2 dans un système cryogénique en termes de transfert de chaleur et de masse. Cependant, elle pose un problème de colmatage lorsque le givre augmente à l'intérieur du tube. L'étude de la formation de givre le long du tube a montré un décalage de temps pour le dépôt de givre le long du tube. Un processus d’épuration cryogénique du biogaz et de liquéfaction de biométhane a été présenté avec des calculs pour tous les composants inclus dans le système. Les résultats de la simulation montrent que la récupération de froid est possible par sublimation contrôlée et que la température du tube a atteint des valeurs inférieures à la température initiale, ce qui n'est pas possible par le simple transfert de chaleur par convection. Le concept de vaporisation contrôlée fonctionne mieux pour les faibles concentrations de CO2 dans le biogaz si les phases de givrage et de dégivrage doivent être terminées à durée égale. Enfin, une expérience a été menée pour valider le concept de récupération à froid par sublimation contrôlée. Les résultats montrent que cette technique a le potentiel d’éliminer complètement les utilités froides de certains procédés cryogéniques d’élimination de CO2Cryogenic systems are one of the most promising and still rising technologies for upgrading biogas as it is solvent free and can operate at atmospheric pressure. In this work a new concept for cold recovery by controlled sublimation is presented. A cold gas flow is used as a defrosting gas that will sublimate the frost using the partial pressure gradient between the frost and the gas flow instead of wasting the cold by convective heat transfer. Prior to this step, CO2 deposition should be studied. CO2 frost formation and growth is thoroughly detailed and a model is presented to better explain how CO2 is separated from biogas and deposits on a cold surface. A comparison between the flat plate and the tube configurations showed that the latter was better for CO2 capture in a cryogenic system in terms of heat and mass transfer but it presents a problem of clogging as frost increases inside the tube. The study of frost formation along the tube showed a delay in the starting time of deposition at position further from the biogas inlet. A process for biogas cryogenic upgrading and biomethane liquefaction was presented with calculations for all the components included in the system. Simulation results show that cold recovery is possible by controlled sublimation and the tube temperature reached values lower to the gas flow temperature which is not possible by single convective heat transfer. The concept works best for lower CO2 concentrations in the inlet biogas if the frosting and defrosting phases are to be completed at the same time. Finally, an experiment was conducted to validate the concept of cold recovery by controlled sublimation, for which results have shown the potential to totally avoid cold utilities use in the cryogenic capture of CO2
Book chapters on the topic "Cryogenic carbon capture"
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Wilcox, Jennifer. "Cryogenic Distillation and Air Separation." In Carbon Capture, 219–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2215-0_6.
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Rackley, Stephen A. "Cryogenic and Distillation Systems." In Carbon Capture and Storage, 195–205. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-636-1.00009-2.
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Pellegrini, Laura A., Giorgia De Guido, and Stefania Ingrosso. "Thermodynamic Framework for Cryogenic Carbon Capture." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 475–80. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823377-1.50080-x.
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Padungwatanaroj, Orakotch, and Kitipat Siemanond. "Optimization of Cryogenic Carbon Capture and LNG process by Mathematical programming." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 337–42. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64235-6.50062-0.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cryogenic carbon capture"
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Sayre, Aaron, Dave Frankman, Andrew Baxter, Kyler Stitt, and Larry Baxter. "Field Testing of Cryogenic Carbon Capture." In Carbon Management Technology Conference. Carbon Management Technology Conference, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7122/486652-ms.
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Safdarnejad, Seyed M., Lindsey Kennington, Larry L. Baxter, and John D. Hedengren. "Investigating the impact of Cryogenic Carbon Capture on power plant performance." In 2015 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2015.7172120.
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Kim, Min Jae, Dong Hyeok Won, and Tong Seop Kim. "Performance Improvement of a Micro Gas Turbine Adopting Exhaust Gas Recirculation for CO2 Capture by Integration With Liquid Air Energy Storage." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75901.
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Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) can be applied to a micro gas turbine (MGT) for the efficient removal of CO2 using post-combustion capture. The EGR increases the CO2 concentration of the exhaust gas for the capture process, which augments the capture rate. However, the performance penalty of the MGTs caused by the rise in the compressor inlet temperature due to the EGR is a drawback. In this research, we investigated the integration of an MGT, adopting EGR with liquid air energy storage (LAES), an emerging energy storage technology. LAES stores electric energy from renewables or the power grid in the form of cryogenic liquid air. The liquefied air is pressurized and regasified to generate electricity during peak demand hours. In our proposed system, a portion of the cryogenic air is injected into the MGT’s compressor inlet. The purpose of the injection is twofold. Firstly, it decreases the compressor inlet air temperature, which enhances the MGT performance, especially the power output. Secondly, it increases the carbon dioxide composition of the exhaust gas, which enhances the carbon capture performance. An MGT system, equipped with a post-combustion capture and integrated with the cryogenic air injection, was analyzed. The analysis shows that the system power, system efficiency, and CO2 capture rate were improved, with the heat duty of the carbon capture process reduced in accordance with the increase in cryogenic flow rate, as expected. Moreover, the heat duty of the carbon capture process decreased significantly due to the increase in temperature and O2 concentration in the cryogenic air.
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Font-Palma, Carolina, George Lychnos, Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei, Paul Willson, and Mohsen Assadi. "Comparison of Performance of Alternative Post Combustion Carbon Capture Processes for a Biogas Fueled Micro Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15558.
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Abstract The urgent need to decrease greenhouse gases (GHG) has prompted countries such as the UK and Norway to commit to net zero emissions by 2050 and 2030, respectively. One of the sectors contributing to GHG emissions is agriculture, by approximately 10% in the EU in 2017. GHG reductions in the production side should involve avoidance at source, reduction of emissions and/or removal of those emissions, with the potential for negative emissions by carbon capture. This paper focuses on the utilisation of agricultural waste that can be converted into biogas, such as livestock and crops residues which represent around 37% of GHG emissions by agriculture in the EU. The biogas can be used to produce electricity and heat in a micro gas turbine (MGT). Then, the exhaust gases can be sent to a carbon capture plant. This offers the potential for integration of waste into energy for in-house use in farms and fosters a circular-bioeconomy, where the captured CO2 could be used in greenhouses to grow vegetables. This could even allow the integration of other renewable technologies, since the MGT offers flexible operation for rapid start-up and shut down or intermittency of other technologies such as solar or wind. Current carbon capture processes are very costly at the smaller scales typical of remote communities. The alternative A3C (advanced cryogenic carbon capture) process is much more economical at smaller scales. The A3C separates CO2 from process gas that flows counter-currently with a cold moving bed, where the CO2 desublimes on the surface of bed material as a thin layer of frost. This allows enhanced heat transfer and avoids heavy build-up of frost that reduces severely the heat transfer. The phase change separation process employed by A3C and the large thermal inertia of the separation medium gives good flexibility of capture for load changes and on-off despatch. This study integrates a combined heat and power MGT, Turbec T100, of 100 kWe output. This include developed models for the MGT using characteristics maps for the compressor and turbine and for the cryogenic carbon capture plant, using two software tools, IPSEpro and Aspen Plus, respectively.
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Moore, J. Jeffrey, Hector Delgado, and Timothy Allison. "Qualification Testing of a Liquid CO2 Turbopump for Carbon Capture and Sequestration Applications." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45912.
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In order to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere, significant progress has been made in developing technology to sequester CO2 from power plants and other major producers of greenhouse gas emissions. The compression of the captured carbon dioxide stream requires a sizeable amount of power, which impacts plant availability, capital expenditures and operational cost. Preliminary analysis has estimated that the CO2 compression process reduces the plant efficiency by 8% to 12% for a typical power plant. The goal of the present research is to reduce this penalty through development of novel compression and pumping processes. The research supports the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) objectives of reducing the energy requirements for carbon capture and sequestration in electrical power production. The primary objective of this study is to boost the pressure of CO2 to pipeline pressures with the minimal amount of energy required. Previous thermodynamic analysis identified optimum processes for pressure rise in both liquid and gaseous states. At elevated pressures, CO2 assumes a liquid state at moderate temperatures. This liquefaction can be achieved through commercially available refrigeration schemes. However, liquid CO2 turbopumps of the size and pressure needed for a typical power plant were not available. This paper describes the design, construction, and qualification testing of a 150 bar cryogenic turbopump. Unique characteristics of liquid CO2 will be discussed.
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Akram, Muhammad, Simon Blakey, and Mohamed Pourkashanian. "Influence of Gas Turbine Exhaust CO2 Concentration on the Performance of Post Combustion Carbon Capture Plant." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42454.
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As a result of increased concern over Greenhouse Gas emissions, capture of CO2 from stationary power sources is a topic under discussion throughout the world. The most developed technology for the application is post combustion carbon capture using liquid solvents. However, due to very low concentration of CO2 in the gas turbine emitted flue gas, energy penalty caused by the capture process is relatively high. One of the methods to increase CO2 concentration is the recycling of flue gas (also termed as EGR) in which part of the flue gas is sent back to join the air stream entering the compressor. This paper presents results of an experimental campaign carried out at the Pilot Scale Advanced Capture Technology (PACT) facilities of the UK Carbon Capture and Storage Research Centre (UKCCSRC). A Turbec T100 microturbine of 100kWe is integrated with a post combustion carbon capture plant of 1TPD (Ton per day) CO2 capture capacity. The microturbine is very lean combustion system and produces a flue gas having only 1.5% CO2. Therefore, in order to simulate EGR on industrial gas turbines which produce around 4–5% CO2 in the exhaust stream, CO2 from a cryogenic storage tank was injected into the slip stream of the gas turbine exhaust. The impact of different CO2 concentrations (representing EGR) on the post combustion carbon capture process is experimentally evaluated. It is observed that the energy penalty caused by the capture process is considerably reduced at higher CO2 concentration in the absorber inlet flue gas stream. EGR also has a negative impact on the produced power from the gas turbine as well as the combustion process. However, it has positive impact on the power output from steam turbine. Optimum recycle ratio for maximum power output from combined cycle gas turbine is discussed. Performance of the absorption column as indicated by rich and lean solvent CO2 loadings is discussed. Moreover, emissions of solvent and some of the degradation products with the exhaust gas from the capture plant are monitored and reported.
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Elhoshee, Sara, Fatima Taqi, Amna Alabdullah, Mohamed Hassan, and Azza Abouhashem. "Fabrication and Testing of Polymeric Membranes for Energy-Efficient Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gas." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0046.
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One of the major problems the world is facing nowadays is Global Warming. The main ten Green House Gases (GHGs) include water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The most abundant and dominant greenhouse gas is water vapor but concentration of water vapor depends on temperature and other meteorological conditions, and not directly upon human activities. CO2 is the second-most important one and that is why reduction of CO2 emissions is a vital area of research. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a major strategy that can be used to reduce GHGs emission. CCS divides into three methods: pre-combustion capture, oxy-fuel process, and post-combustion capture. Among them, post-combustion capture is the most important one because it offers flexibility and it can be easily added to the operational units. For CO2 capture, various technologies are used which include: absorption, adsorption, cryogenic distillation, and membrane separation. Our research focuses on one of the technologies for post-combustion capture, which is membrane separation. In this research, we fabricated four samples of polymeric membranes with different proportions of the components and then tested them for thermal stability, tensile strength, selectivity and permeability. The membrane can be modified by trying different mixtures of the forming polymers with different percentages. The separated carbon dioxide gas can be used in different applications like fire extinguishers, carbonated beverages or cooling systems. For the future recommendations finding more applications for the use of the separated carbon dioxide gas will benefit the environment and will make this project more successful. The same techniques could be used to fabricate membranes for purifying the methane gas. Further studies must be done to ensure the effectiveness of these membranes when used in the industry.
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Carapellucci, Roberto, Roberto Cipollone, and Davide Di Battista. "MCFC-Based System for Active CO2 Capture From Flue Gases." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86881.
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Carbon dioxide emissions reduction in the atmosphere is the major driver of technological innovations, in particular in energy and industrial sectors. Those sectors are dominated by the use of fossil fuels whose main concern on the combustion gases is the presence of CO2. Their emission in atmosphere accumulates Carbon, the main cause of global warming. The only way to continue to make reference to fossil fuel in the medium-long term and to avoid the carbon accumulation in the atmosphere is to use technologies capable to capture and sequester the carbon in the flue gases (CCS). In the sector of electricity production, several technologies have been proposed for the capture CO2, including absorption, adsorption, cryogenic distillation or membrane separation. All of them offer flexibility and easiness of application, but they need external energy to operate. On the other hand, particular interest is reversed to those technological options that are able to remove CO2 without energy consumption; even more attention is reserved to those technologies which, suitably integrated with other conversion systems, can produce electrical energy at the same time, so increasing the electricity production with respect to the original plant. They are defined active systems and one of these is represented by Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs). In fact, MCFCs are fuel cell capable to concentrate CO2 at anode exhaust, making easier its capture, separation and storage and in parallel to contribute to the electricity production. In this paper, a comprehensive model of the MCFC is used to assess the opportunity related to its use as a CO2 remover from a flue gas as a CCS active device, without energy penalties related to traditional carbon capture methods (MEA, pre and post-combustion, oxy-combustion, etc.). Hence, it has been integrated in a wider system with auxiliary components: compressors to overcome pressure drops, steam generator (also using heat recovered from MCFC exhausts) for fuel dilution, fresh air integration in cathode inlet section, heat exchangers for thermal management and recovery. A CO2 compression and drying section has been considered and represented as a multi-step intercooled compression. The so-defined system can be used as a plug-in device able to be coupled to flue gases with different compositions and thermodynamic operating parameters (temperature, pressure, flow rates). Finally, it has been applied to a case study (a Natural Gas Combined Cycle power plant - NGCC) and the performance of the MCFC in terms of CO2 removal capacity, electrical power generation and size have been evaluated as well the energetic and environmental impact on the reference NGCC power plant.
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Sander, Frank, Sebastian Foeste, and Roland Span. "Model of an Oxygen Transport Membrane for Coal Fired Power Cycles With CO2 Capture." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27788.
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Greenhouse gas emissions from power generation will increase in future if the demand for electrical energy does not subside. Therefore capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) will become important technologies for lowering the rate of increase of global CO2 emissions, or even reducing them. A promising technology for coal fired power cycles is the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), where CO2 is separated from the syngas coming from the gasifier before the syngas is combusted in a more or less conventional gas turbine. But oxygen is required for the gasification process to achieve a high carbon conversion rate. The energy demand for the cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) lowers the net power output of the IGCC cycle. An alternative way of producing the oxygen could eliminate this disadvantage of the IGCC cycle. Oxygen transport membranes (also known as mixed conducting membranes – MCM) show a high potential for such applications in power cycles. In this paper results of an investigation on an IGCC cycle with CO2 capture and an integrated oxygen transport membrane (OTM) reactor are reported. The operating conditions of the membrane reactor have been analyzed; the feed inlet temperature and the pressure differences between permeate and retentate sides of the membrane reactor have been varied. The impact on the overall IGCC cycle has been discussed. The most optimistic assumptions give an overall net efficiency close to the case without CO2 capture. In this case the net efficiency is reduced by only 3 percentage points compared to an IGCC process without CO2 capture. But these assumptions lead to very challenging conditions for the membrane reactor. A pressure difference of 14.5 bar is assumed. Less severe operating conditions for the OTM reactor, which seem closer to realization, show less promising results. For sweep stream pressures of 10 and 15 bar the net efficiency ranges from 36% to 39%. This is in the range of an IGCC process with cryogenic ASU which achieves a net efficiency of 37% to 38%. It can be concluded that the integration of an OTM reactor into the IGCC cycle is an option with good prospects if the membrane is capable of bearing the challenging operating conditions. Calculations of investment costs have not been investigated in the frame of this work. Both the total capital costs and the durability are very important aspects for the membrane technology to be realized in power cycles such as IGCC.
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Ahmad Zuhdi, M. Faizan, F. Hadana Rahman, Hamid Shahjavan, M. Azlan Mas’od, R. Suhaib Salihuddin, N. Ashikin Zulkepli, Azila Alias, M. Yazid Jalani, and Tan Kin Yiin. "Feasibility Study of Offshore Hybrid Technology for High CO2 Gas Field Monetization." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21220-ms.
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Abstract The CO2 capture technology is well understood in the oil and gas industry. However, to unlock the Hydrocarbon from an ultra-high CO2 offshore field (more than 70% mol), special attention is needed to capture CO2 for a field development to be economically attractive. Therefore, the current technology inventory needs to be studied to achieve project goals and at the same time achieving Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) requirements. A hybrid of multiple carbon capture technology will help to improve the hydrocarbon (HC) loss, reduce both operational and capital cost and minimize overall auto consumption. The hybrid of cryogenic distillation (CryoD), membrane and supersonic gas separation (SGS) was studied to explore its feasibility. To enable ease of CO2 transport and handling, CO2 is preferred to be in liquid form. In order to achieve this, CryoD technology is the preferred solution for bulk removal. CryoD is also able to cater to the feed gas fluctuation and becomes a robust candidate for high variance feedstock. However, being dependant on sub zero working temperatures, the system will require larger equipment footprint and tonnage. The focus of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity impact of an operating condition on the Hybrid configuration of CryoD + membrane (CM) and CryoD + SGS (CS. Areas of focus will be equipment tonnage and footprint, power consumption and eventually cost (CAPEX & OPEX). The monetization of ultra-high CO2 gas field is then made feasible by using hybrid Acid Gas Removal Unit (AGRU) to meet sales gas specification. The CryoD + membrane technology is the preferred solution for offshore system.
Reports on the topic "Cryogenic carbon capture"
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Baxter, Larry L., Andrew Baxter, Ethan Bever, Stephanie Burt, Skyler Chamberlain, David Frankman, Christopher Hoeger, et al. Cryogenic Carbon Capture Development Final/Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1572908.
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