Academic literature on the topic 'CRUSH (Group)'
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Journal articles on the topic "CRUSH (Group)"
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Kim, Hyun Ryang. "A study on the ‘Girl Crush Style of 4th Generation Girl Group’." Korea Institute of Design Research Society 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46248/kidrs.2022.4.9.
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Girl crush is defined as a woman's desire to cheer and actively support women, such a phenomenon, or a strong affinity to see a wonderful woman. Recently, girl crush has become a remarkable cultural phenomenon and has emerged as a strong trend in girl group style, establishing itself as one of the popular culture strategies that draw their likes through women's tastes. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the girl crush style of the 4th generation girl group, and the research method collected and analyzed data through previous studies, professional books, and SNS articles. Based on the brand reputation index of the girl group reputation report analyzed by the Korea Corporate Reputation Institute from January to July 2022, the data were compiled and selected from 1st to 50th, and 16 fourth-generation girl groups included in the ranking were selected as the final subjects. The study found that the girl crush styles of the fourth-generation girl groups were punk style, athletic style, military style, school girl style, futurist style, and goth style. In addition, the girl crush style is largely divided into girl crush and teen crush, and it is expressed in the style of a free-spirited girl and a strong and confident woman who visits the self according to music concepts and strategies within each style type.
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Renno, Waleed M., Ludmil Benov, and Khalid M. Khan. "Possible role of antioxidative capacity of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment in morphological and neurobehavioral recovery after sciatic nerve crush injury." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 27, no. 5 (November 2017): 593–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.10.spine16218.
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OBJECTIVEThis study examined the capacity of the major polyphenolic green tea extract (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to suppress oxidative stress and stimulate the recovery and prompt the regeneration of sciatic nerve after crush injury.METHODSAdult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: 1) Naïve, 2) Sham (sham injury, surgical control group), 3) Crush (sciatic nerve crush injury treated with saline), and 4) Crush+EGCG (sciatic nerve crush injury treated with intraperitoneally administered EGCG, 50 mg/kg). All animals were tested for motor and sensory neurobehavioral parameters throughout the study. Sciatic nerve and spinal cord tissues were harvested and processed for morphometric and stereological analysis. For the biochemical assays, the time points were Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, and Day 28 after nerve injury.RESULTSAfter sciatic nerve crush injury, the EGCG-treated animals (Crush+EGCG group) showed significantly better recovery of foot position and toe spread and 50% greater improvement in motor recovery than the saline-treated animals (Crush group). The Crush+EGCG group displayed an early hopping response at the beginning of the 3rd week postinjury. Animals in the Crush+EGCG group also showed a significant reduction in mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia latencies and significant improvement in recovery from nociception deficits in both heat withdrawal and tail flick withdrawal latencies compared with the Crush group. In both the Crush+EGCG and Crush groups, quantitative evaluation revealed significant morphological evidence of neuroregeneration according to the following parameters: mean cross-sectional area of axons, myelin thickness in the sciatic nerve (from Week 4 to Week 8), increase of myelin basic protein concentration and gene expression in both the injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord, and fiber diameter to axon diameter ratio and myelin thickness to axon diameter ratio at Week 2 after sciatic nerve injury. However, the axon area remained much smaller in both the Crush+EGCG and Crush groups compared with the Sham and Naïve groups. The number of axons per unit area was significantly decreased in the Crush+EGCG and Crush groups compared with controls. Sciatic nerve injury produced generalized oxidative stress manifested as a significant increase of isoprostanes in the urine and decrease of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the blood from Day 7 until Day 14. EGCG-treated rats showed significantly less increase of isoprostanes than saline-treated animals and also showed full recovery of TAC levels by Day 14 after nerve injury. In spinal cord tissue analysis, EGCG-treated animals showed induced glutathione reductase and suppressed induction of heme oxygenase 1 gene expression compared with nontreated animals.CONCLUSIONSEGCG treatment suppressed the crush-induced production of isoprostanes and stimulated the recovery of the TAC and was associated with remarkable alleviation of motor and sensory impairment and significant histomorphological evidence of neuronal regeneration following sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. The findings of this study suggest that EGCG can be used as an adjunctive therapeutic remedy for nerve injury. However, further investigations are needed to establish the antioxidative mechanism involved in the regenerative process after nerve injury. Only upregulation of glutathione reductase supports the idea that EGCG is acting indirectly via induction of enzymes or transcription factors.
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Wang, Jinxiang, Zhiguo Chen, Shike Hou, Ziquan Liu, and Qi Lv. "TAK-242 Attenuates Crush Injury Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Rats." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 6 (September 24, 2020): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20001132.
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AbstractBackground:To investigate if toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways mediated crush injury induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats, and if TAK-242 (a specific inhibitor of TLR4) attenuates the injury through inhibiting the signaling pathways.Methods:This study was divided into two parts: (1) Establish the crush injury model: 50 rats were randomly divided into control group and four crush injury groups (n = 10/group). Crush injury groups were given 3kg pressure for eight hours and were sacrificed at the time points of 0h, 6h, 12h, and 24h after relieving pressure. And (2) Select the most obvious injury group (12h group) for drug intervention group. Thirty rats were randomly divided into control group, 12h group, and 12h+TAK-242 group (n = 10/group). Two parts detection were as follows: pathological changes of kidney tissues were observed in Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), myoglobin (Mb), and blood potassium were examined by automatic biochemical analysis instrument. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The TLR4 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), TLR4, and P65 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, immunohistochemistry staining.Results:Compared with the control group, kidney tissues were damaged in crush injury groups, and most obvious in the 12h group. The level of serum creatinine, BUN, Mb, blood potassium, IL-6, TNF-α, and TLR4mRNA were increased in the crush injury groups and significantly increased in the 12h group (P <.05). The TLR4 and P65 were significantly increased in the 12h group (P <.05). Compared with the 12h group, kidney tissue damage was significantly reduced in the TAK-242 group (P <.05). The level of serum creatinine, BUN, Mb, blood potassium, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR4mRNA, TLR4, and P65 in the TAK-242 group were significantly reduced (P <.05).Conclusion:The present findings conclude that TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways mediated crush injury induced AKI in rats, and TAK-242 attenuates the injury through inhibiting the signaling pathways.
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Adam Sheikh, Omar, and Ahmed Mead. "LONG TERM EFFECTS OF ALLANTOIN ON PERIPHERAL NERVE HEALING: AN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 01 (January 31, 2022): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14053.
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Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a common health problem resulting in a decreased quality of life. Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is complex and depends on location, intensity, and type of nerve injury. Allantoin is an antioxidant found in plants that enhance wound healing. It promotes the proliferation of cells by improving peripheral nerve function. This study aimed to investigate the long term effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of allantoin on peripheral nerve healing in an experimental sciatic nerve crush in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control (Cont) Group did not receive any special protocol for 60 days. Crush (Cr) Group was induced to crush. Allantoin (A) Group received 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. Crush + Allantoin (Cr+A) Group was induced to crush and given 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. After 60 days all rats were sacrificed following electromyography (EMG). Results: Allantoin was revealed to enhance the peripheral nerve function in terms of amplitude and latency. Conclusion: The i.p. administration of allantoin may have a positive effect on peripheral nerve healing.
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Rodríguez Sánchez, Diego Noé, Luiz Antonio de Lima Resende, Giovana Boff Araujo Pinto, Ana Lívia de Carvalho Bovolato, Fábio Sossai Possebon, Elenice Deffune, and Rogério Martins Amorim. "Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Neuroregeneration in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury." Cell Transplantation 28, no. 1 (October 28, 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689718809045.
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Crush injuries in peripheral nerves are frequent and induce long-term disability with motor and sensory deficits. Due to axonal and myelin sheath disruptions, strategies for optimized axonal regeneration are needed. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising because of their anti-inflammatory properties and secretion of neurotrophins. The present study investigated the effect of canine adipose tissue MSC (Ad-MSC) transplantation in an experimental sciatic nerve crush injury. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham ( n = 8); Crush+PBS ( n = 8); Crush+MSC ( n = 8). Measurements of sciatic nerve functional index (SFI), muscle mass, and electromyography (EMG) were performed. Canine Ad-MSC showed mesodermal characteristics (CD34-, CD45-, CD44+, CD90+ and CD105+) and multipotentiality due to chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. SFI during weeks 3 and 4 was significantly higher in the Crush+MSC group ( p < 0.001). During week 4, the EMG latency in the Crush+MSC groups had better near normality ( p < 0.05). The EMG amplitude showed results close to normality during week 4 in the Crush+MSC group ( p < 0.04). There were no statistical differences in muscle weight between the groups ( p > 0.05), but there was a tendency toward weight gain in the Crush+MSC groups. Better motor functional recovery after crush and perineural canine Ad-MSC transplantation was observed during week 2. This was maintained till week 4. In conclusion, the canine Ad-MSC transplantation showed early pro-regenerative effects between 2–4 weeks in the rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury.
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Loescher, A. R., and P. P. Robinson. "Properties of reinnervated periodontal mechanoreceptors after inferior alveolar nerve injuries in cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.4.979.
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1. The properties of periodontal mechanoreceptors supplying lower canine teeth in cats have been investigated 12 wk after the crushing or sectioning of the inferior alveolar nerve. Forces were applied at right angles to the crown of the tooth and recordings made from filaments dissected from the nerve central to the injury site. Data obtained from 41 units after nerve crush and 65 units after nerve section were compared with those from a series of control animals. 2. The range of directions to which each receptor was sensitive was significantly smaller after both nerve crush and nerve section. There were significantly more rapidly adapting units after both nerve crush (37%) and nerve section (34%) than in the controls (19%). 3. Force thresholds measured at three rates of application (20 N/s, 2 N/s, and 0.25 N/s) were significantly higher after nerve section but not after nerve crush. The maximum frequency of discharge was significantly reduced after both nerve crush and nerve section. 4. Bone was removed from over the roots of the teeth to localize receptors in the underlying periodontal ligament. Seventeen receptors were localized in the nerve crush group and 23 in the nerve section group, and their distribution appeared similar to that found in controls. The conduction velocities of these units were significantly reduced after nerve section but not after nerve crush. One unit in the nerve section group appeared to have branched and innervated receptors in two locations.
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SHAN, Shou-jie, Fei YE, Zhi-zhong LIU, Nai-liang TIAN, Jun-jie ZHANG, and Shao-liang CHEN. "Coronary bifurcation lesions treated with double kissing crush technique compared to classical crush technique: serial intravascular ultrasound analysis." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 7 (April 5, 2013): 1247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20121534.
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Background The double kissing (DK) crush technique is a modified version of the crush technique. It is specifically designed to increase the success rate of the final kissing balloon post-dilatation, but its efficacy and safety remain unclear. Methods Data were obtained from the DKCRUSH-I trial, a prospective, randomized, multi-center study to evaluate safety and efficacy. Post-procedural and eight-month follow-up intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis was available in 61 cases. Volumetric analysis using Simpson's method within the Taxus stent, and cross-sectional analysis at the five sites of the main vessel (MV) and three sites of the side branch (SB) were performed. Impact of the bifurcation angle on stent expansion at the carina was also evaluated. Results Stent expansion in the SB ostium was significantly less in the classical crush group ((53.81±13.51)%) than in the DK crush group ((72.27±11.46)%) (P=0.04). For the MV, the incidence of incomplete crush was 41.9% in the DK group and 70.0% in the classical group (P=0.03). The percentage of neointimal area at the ostium had a tendency to be smaller in the DK group compared with the classical group ((16.4±19.2)% vs. (22.8±27.1)%, P=0.06). The optimal threshold of post-procedural minimum stent area (MSA) to predict follow-up minimum lumen area (MLA) <4.0 mm2 at the SB ostium was 4.55 mm2, yielding an area under the curve of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.61 to 0.92). Conclusion Our data suggest that the DK crush technique is associated with improved quality of the final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI) and had smaller optimal cutoff value of post-procedural MSA at the SB ostium.
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Park, Dong Choon, Hye Kyu Min, Jae Min Lee, Young Il Kim, Sang Hoon Kim, and Seung Geun Yeo. "Increased Expression of Toll-like Receptor 2 mRNA after Facial Nerve Injury in Rat." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2021): 109.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.109.12.
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Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether TLRs mRNA is expressed in the distal facial nerve after facial nerve injury. Methods: The adult male Sprague-Dawley with a body weight of 200–250g underwent injury of unilateral facial nerve. Crush or cutting injury was given at the midpoint between the facial nerve trunk and the facial nerve branch. The whisker movement of vibrissae muscle was examined 4 and 14 days after facial nerve injury. The normal facial nerve on the left side and the damaged facial nerve on the right side were taken under the inhalation anesthesia and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Results: In the whisker movement of vibrissae muscle, the crush group and the cutting group showed worse scores on the 14th day than the 4th scores in each group (p<0.05). On the 4th day of injury, the expression of TLR 7 mRNA was highest in the crush group, and on the 14th day of injury, the expression of TLR 7 mRNA was highest in the cutting group. On the 14th day of injury, the expression of TLR 2 mRNA was significantly higher in the cutting group than in the control group (p<0.05), on the 4th day of injury, the expression of TLR 9, 13 mRNA was significantly lower in the crush and cutting groups than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The expression of TLR 2 mRNA in the distal facial nerve after facial nerve injury in the cutting group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but the expressions of TLR 9 and 13 mRNA in the crush and cutting groups were significantly low. Therefore, TLR mRNA may be involved in facial nerve damage and regeneration.
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Umansky, Daniel, Kathleen M. Hagen, Tak Ho Chu, Rajesh K. Pathiyil, Saud Alzahrani, Shalina S. Ousman, and Rajiv Midha. "Functional Gait Assessment Using Manual, Semi-Automated and Deep Learning Approaches Following Standardized Models of Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice." Biomolecules 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12101355.
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Objective: To develop a standardized model of stretch–crush sciatic nerve injury in mice, and to compare outcomes of crush and novel stretch–crush injuries using standard manual gait and sensory assays, and compare them to both semi-automated as well as deep-learning gait analysis methods. Methods: Initial studies in C57/Bl6 mice were used to develop crush and stretch–crush injury models followed by histologic analysis. In total, 12 eight-week-old 129S6/SvEvTac mice were used in a six-week behavioural study. Behavioral assessments using the von Frey monofilament test and gait analysis recorded on a DigiGait platform and analyzed through both Visual Gait Lab (VGL) deep learning and standardized sciatic functional index (SFI) measurements were evaluated weekly. At the termination of the study, neurophysiological nerve conduction velocities were recorded, calf muscle weight ratios measured and histological analyses performed. Results: Histological evidence confirmed more severe histomorphological injury in the stretch–crush injured group compared to the crush-only injured group at one week post-injury. Von Frey monofilament paw withdrawal was significant for both groups at week one compared to baseline (p < 0.05), but not between groups with return to baseline at week five. SFI showed hindered gait at week one and two for both groups, compared to baseline (p < 0.0001), with return to baseline at week five. Hind stance width (HSW) showed similar trends as von Frey monofilament test as well as SFI measurements, yet hind paw angle (HPA) peaked at week two. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV), measured six weeks post-injury, at the termination of the study, did not show any significant difference between the two groups; yet, calf muscle weight measurements were significantly different between the two, with the stretch–crush group demonstrating a lower (poorer) weight ratio relative to uninjured contralateral legs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Stretch–crush injury achieved a more reproducible and constant injury compared to crush-only injuries, with at least a Sunderland grade 3 injury (perineurial interruption) in histological samples one week post-injury in the former. However, serial behavioral outcomes were comparable between the two crush groups, with similar kinetics of recovery by von Frey testing, SFI and certain VGL parameters, the latter reported for the first time in rodent peripheral nerve injury. Semi-automated and deep learning-based approaches for gait analysis are promising, but require further validation for evaluation in murine hind-limb nerve injuries.
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Sun, Kyung Hoon, Cheol Hee Choi, Gwang-Won Cho, and Chul Ho Jang. "Effect of Metformin on the Functional and Electrophysiological Recovery of Crush Injury-Induced Facial Nerve Paralysis in Diabetic Rats." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 9 (August 27, 2023): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13091317.
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The impact of metformin on the rat facial nerve following crush injury has only occasionally been documented to date. The purpose of the current investigation was to use functional and electrophysiological evaluations to investigate the effects of metformin administration on recovery following crush injury to the rat facial nerve. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: the nonDM/PBS group (n = 4), the nonDM/metformin group (n = 4), the DM/PBS group (n = 4), and the DM/metformin group (n = 4). Diabetes was generated by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Facial nerve paralysis was induced by a crush injury 7 days after diabetes induction. The blood glucose levels of the DM/PBS and DM/metformin groups were maintained at over 300 mg/dL, whereas the blood glucose levels of the nonDM/PBS and nonDM/metformin groups were maintained at less than 150 mg/dL. There was no significant difference between the two nonDM groups. In comparison to the PBS group, the metformin group’s recurrence of vibrissa fibrillation occurred noticeably sooner over time. The nonDM/metformin group showed the highest recovery rate in the second, third, and fourth weeks post-crush, respectively. The threshold of action potential 4 weeks after crush injury showed that the nonDM/metformin group had a significantly lower mean threshold of MAP compared to other groups. The short-term effect of metformin on the recovery of facial nerve blood flow (FNBF) was significantly increased compared to the DM/PBS group. However, there was no significant difference in FNBF between the nonDM/metformin and nonDM/PBS groups. A diabetic condition promoted a delay in FN regeneration. Metformin is able to accelerate functional recovery in diabetic or nondiabetic FN-injured rats. Further studies using a morphometric or molecular approach are planned to understand the pharmacologic mechanism of metformin.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CRUSH (Group)"
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Engström, Inger. "Young Drivers and Their Passengers : Crash Risk and Group Processes." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17090.
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The overall aim was to elucidate the effects of vehicle passengers on young drivers. This generated two specific aims and four papers. The first aim was to investigate the crash risk for young drivers with passengers and to establish whether such accidents involve any special circumstances compared to those that occur without passengers. This goal was achieved by analysing accident and exposure data from two registers. The second objective was to analyse the group processes that develop between four young men in a vehicle and to ascertain how those interactions affect driving behaviour. Those issues were addressed by performing an observational study of twelve young men driving an instrumented vehicle in real traffic with and without passengers. The interactions between the vehicle occupants were video and audio recorded, and the driving behaviour was registered in various ways. The results show that drivers with passengers have a lower crash risk compared to those driving alone regardless of the driver’s age, although this effect is weaker for young drivers (especially males) than for other age groups. Compared to driving alone, driving with passengers for young drivers is more extensively associated with single-vehicle crashes that occur at night, on weekends, and in rural areas on roads with higher speed limits, and it leads to more severe outcomes. It has also been found that the passengers sometimes try to induce the young drivers to act in either safer or more dangerous ways, although the drivers very often resist urging and coaxing from their passengers. Cohesion is another factor that affect the driver-passenger group: a high level of cohesion, especially task cohesion, is associated with a low number of unsafe driving actions. Consequently, it seems that the presence of passengers is not enough to ensure safe driving—substantial group cohesion is also necessary for such behaviour.Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att studera passagerares effekt på unga förare, vilket genererade två delsyften och fyra delarbeten. Det första delsyftet var att undersöka olycksrisken för unga förare med passagerare och att ta reda på om dessa olyckor skedde under några speciella omständigheter. För att få svar på syftet gjordes en registerstudie där olycks- och exponeringsdata från två olika register analyserades. Det andra delsyftet var att analysera de grupprocesser som utvecklas mellan fyra unga män i en bil och att studera hur dessa interaktioner påverkar körbeteendet. Detta undersöktes med en observationsstudie där tolv unga män fick köra en instrumenterad bil i verklig trafik, både med och utan passagerare. Interaktionerna som uppstod i bilen spelades in med hjälp av videokameror och mikrofoner och körbeteendet registrerades med olika mätinstrument. Resultatet visar att förare med passagerare har en lägre olycksrisk jämfört med förare utan passagerare oavsett förarens ålder. Denna effekt är inte lika stark för unga förare (speciellt inte unga män) som den är för övriga åldersgrupper. Unga förares olyckor med passagerare är också mer vanligt förekommande under speciella omständigheter. Jämfört med olyckor utan passagerare sker de i större utsträckning under nattetid, under veckoslut, i tätbebyggt område, på vägar med hög hastighetsbegränsning, de är oftare singelolyckor och de får mer allvarliga konsekvenser. Vidare visar resultaten att passagerare ibland, på olika sätt, försöker få den unga föraren att köra på ett annat sätt än vad de gör vilket kan betyda ett säkrare eller ett mer trafikfarligt beteende. Det verkar dock som att förarna oftast står emot dessa övertalningsförsök och förolämpningar. En annan faktor som påverkar gruppen är kohesion: en hög grad av kohesion, speciellt uppgiftskohesion, visar sig leda till färre trafikfarliga körbeteenden. Med andra ord verkar det som att blotta närvaron av passagerare inte räcker för att få ett säkert körbeteende; det behövs även en betydande grad av kohesion.
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Wang, Qing. "Study on crash characteristics and injury severity at roadway work zones." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002924.
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Kolínský, Petr. "Analýza a inverze povrchových vln - aplikace na Český masiv." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296110.
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title: Surface Wave Analysis and Inversion Application to the Bohemian Massif author: Mgr. Petr Kolínský, DiS. author's e-mail address: kolinsky@irsm.cas.cz departments: Department of Geophysics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague V Holešovičkách 2, Praha 8 - 180 00, Czech Republic and Department of Seismology Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic V Holešovičkách 41, Praha 8 - 182 09, Czech Republic supervisor: RNDr. Johana Brokešová, CSc. supervisor's e-mail address: johana.brokesova@mff.cuni.cz consultant: RNDr. Jiří Málek, PhD. consultant's e-mail address: malek@irsm.cas.cz keywords: surface waves, group velocity, phase velocity, frequency-time analysis, multiple filtering, tomography, inversion problems, Earth crust structure, Bohemian Massif An overview of surface wave analysis methods as well as of inversion techniques is given. Special attention is paid to the multiple filtering method for dispersion curve estimation, which is described by two different ways in detail. The isometric method is used for dispersion curve inversion and its description and tests are presented. Described methods are further used in applications. The applications show examples of surface wave analysis and inversion for 1D and 2D...
Books on the topic "CRUSH (Group)"
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1918-, Radhakrishna Bangalore Puttaiya, India. Dept. of Science and Technology., and Geological Society of India, eds. Continental crust of South India: Proceedings of the group discussion held at Bangalore on 26th & 27th July 1991 under DST programme of deep continental studies. Bangalore: Geological Society of India, 1993.
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Crust and Dirt (Group of artists). Crust and Dirt's instant drawing machine. New York, NY: The Drawing Center, 2006.
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Ostick, Stephen. Superman's song: The story of Crash Test Dummies. Kingston, Ont: Quarry Press, 1995.
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Guillerey, Philippe. Crash pour la liberté. Langres: D. Guéniot, 2004.
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Cerrelli, Ezio C. Crash data and rates for age-sex groups of driver, 1990. [Washington, D.C.] (400 7th St., S.W., Washington 20590): [National Center for Statistics & Analysis, Research & Development, 1992.
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Schafer, Steven M. Apache, MySQL, and PHP Weekend Crash Course. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2003.
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Apache, MySQL, and PHP weekend crash course. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub., 2004.
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1970-, Irwin William, ed. Metallica and philosophy: A crash course in brain surgery. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007.
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Mullen, Brendan. Lexicon devil: The fast times and short life of Darby Crash and the Germs. Los Angeles, CA: Feral House, 2002.
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American Association of Retired Persons., ed. The AARP crash course in finding the work you love: The essential guide to reinventing your life. New York: Sterling, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "CRUSH (Group)"
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Koike, Asao, Atsushi Yokoyama, Reika Akita, Yoshiro Sukegawa, Koji Kawamura, and Hiromichi Oohira. "Development of the High Performance FRP Crush Box: A Report of JSAE FRP Working Group Activity. Analysis of Collapse Mechanism of the Trigger Part of FRP Crush Box." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 879–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33835-9_80.
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Schiper, Nicolas, and Fernando Pedone. "Solving Atomic Multicast When Groups Crash." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 481–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92221-6_30.
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Nissim-Sabat, Marilyn. "Richard Wright’s Mission." In The Politics of Richard Wright, 86–104. University Press of Kentucky, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813175164.003.0006.
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Some readers of Wright’s work have criticized him for failing to portray healthy human connection or solidarity. In her chapter, Marilyn Nissim-Sabbat maintains that Wright was deeply aware that people could only live as human beings through meaningful relations with one another. Wright understood both that the human need for solidarity runs deep and that the ability to forge it can be damaged. Without such solidarity, alienation from oneself and others will crush “Bigger” and Bigger-like characters on the South Side of Chicago and globally. Wright therefore championed the healing made possible by qualitatively enlarging our lived-experience of and with one another. Essential to articulating and acting on this need is a critical theory of transcendence that is implicit in Wright’s work. Such a theory emerges in this essay through a critique of Simone de Beauvoir’s views on identity politics and cross-group identity in The Second Sex as contrasted with parallel discussions by Wright in Native Son.
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Karidis, Viron. "Alexandros Ypsilantis and the Greek Insurection in the Danubian Principalities in 1821: A Bicentenary Reappraisal." In 1821 in the History of Balkan Peoples (On the 200th anniversary of the Greek Revolution), 70–88. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Hellenic Cultural Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0469-5.04.
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Why did Alexandros Ypsilantis choose the Danubian Principalities as a geographical area to declare the Greek Revolution? Did he get the consent of the dominant Eterists’ group for his decision? Did the leader of Filiki Eteria believe that his plan could trigger an extensive uprising in the Balkans? Did the Greek-controlled mercenary garrisons in Moldavia and Wallachia take up arms? Did Ypsilantis receive the help he expected from Giorgakis Olympios, the chieftain and “apostle” of the Filiki Eteria in Serbia and a former colonel of the Russian army? What role did the Greek chieftain Yiannis Pharmakis, the local Romanian commander Tudor Vladimirescu, and the former Ottoman warlord Savvas Kaminaris play in the Ypsilantis’ revolt? Why did the attempt of Serbian Prince Milos Obrenovic to support the Ypsilantis’ plan fail? How supportive were the peasant communities in the Principalities towards Greeks’ manifestations of the revolutionary movement, given that part of the local population considered the Phanariots’ rulers to be oppressors? And fi nally, why did Russia give the Ottoman Porte its consent to send powerful troops from Constantinople to crush Ypsilantis and his army? These are some of the questions which we try to answer.
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Holmes, Amy Austin. "CC ا العرص / قاتل انتخبوا# “Sisi is a Killer”/“Elect the Pimp”." In Coups and Revolutions, 139–91. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190071455.003.0006.
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The first year of the counterrevolution under interim President Adly Mansour is covered in chapter 6. In contrast to the period of the Supreme Council of Armed Forces, when men in uniform ruled Egypt, after the ouster of President Mohamed Morsi the authorities created a semblance of civilian rule, installing a civilian interim president, a civilian vice president, and a civilian prime minister. Nonetheless, there was no civilian control of the armed forces. The goal during the first wave of the counterrevolution was not only to eliminate the Muslim Brotherhood from politics but also to crush any group that could mobilize for street protests, regardless of ideology. It was the bloodiest period in modern Egyptian history. After carrying out numerous massacres of the Muslim Brotherhood, the state turned to secular and independent activists next. The Protest Law passed in November 2013 essentially criminalized even small and entirely peaceful protests. The regime was slowly able to regain control of the streets and university campuses. The nature of the coup determined the nature of the crackdown: precisely because it was a “coup from below,” characterized by mass protests that reached deep and wide into Egyptian society, the crackdown had to reach this extent as well.
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Laughlin, Patrick R. "Collective Induction." In Group Problem Solving. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691147918.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses collective induction, the cooperative search for descriptive, predictive, and explanatory generalizations, rules, and principles. As a psychological process induction begins with the perception of some pattern, regularity, or relationship. The two basic processes in induction are hypothesis formation and hypothesis evaluation. This inductive process occurs for both single individuals and cooperative groups such as scientific research teams, auditing teams, securities and intelligence analysts, art experts, or air crash investigators. Theoretically, collective induction is a divisible and complementary group task in which groups may perform better than individuals by dividing the task into subtasks and combining the different insights, understandings, strategies, and other cognitive processes of the group members.
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"Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Pedestrian Crashes." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 122–51. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch006.
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In order to develop effective and targeted safety programs, the location and time-specific influences on vehicle-pedestrian crashes must be assessed. Therefore, spatial autocorrelation was applied to the examination of vehicle-pedestrian crashes in geographic information systems (GISs) to identify any dependency between time and location of these crashes. Spider plotting and kernel density estimation (KDE) were then used to determine the temporal and spatial patterns of vehicle-pedestrian crashes for different age groups and gender types. Temporal analysis shows that pedestrian age has a significant influence on the temporal distribution of vehicle-pedestrian crashes. Furthermore, men and women have different crash patterns. In addition, the results of the spatial analysis show that areas with high risk of vehicle-pedestrian crashes can vary during different times of the day for different age groups and gender types. For example, for the age group between 18 and 65, most vehicle-pedestrian crashes occur in the central business district (CBD) during the day, but between 7:00 pm and 6:00 am, crashes for this age group occur mostly around hotels, clubs, and bars. Therefore, specific safety measures should be implemented during times of high crash risk at different locations for different age groups and gender types, in order to increase the effectiveness of the countermeasures in preventing and reducing the vehicle-pedestrian crashes.
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Tu, Loring W. "A Crash Course in Representation Theory." In Introductory Lectures on Equivariant Cohomology, 222–28. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691191751.003.0027.
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This chapter studies representation theory. In order to state the equivariant localization formula of Atiyah–Bott and Berline–Vergne, one will need to know some representation theory. Representation theory “represents” the elements of a group by matrices in such a way that group multiplication becomes matrix multiplication. It is a way of simplifying group theory. The chapter provides the minimal representation theory needed for equivariant cohomology. A real representation of a group G is a group homomorphism. Every representation has at least two invariant subspaces, 0 and V. These are called the trivial invariant subspaces. A representation is said to be irreducible if it has no invariant subspaces other than 0 and V; otherwise, it is reducible.
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"Contributing Factors on Vehicle-Pedestrian Crash Severity of School-Aged Pedestrians." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 152–63. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch007.
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Every year, about 19% of vehicle-pedestrian crashes in Melbourne metropolitan area, Australia, involve pedestrians less than 18 years of age or school-aged pedestrians. This chapter aims to identify contributing factors on vehicle-pedestrian crash severity of this age group. Reasonable walking distance to schools is applied in geographic information systems (GIS) to identify vehicle-pedestrian crashes around schools. Then boosted decision tree (BDT) and cross-validation (CV) technique are applied to explore significant factors. Results show that the distance of pedestrians from school is a significant factor on vehicle-pedestrian crash severity for this age group. This result could assist in identifying a safe distance and safe zone around schools. Furthermore, public health indicators such as income and commuting type from or to school are found as other contributing factors to this crash type.
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Sornette, Didier. "Hierarchies, Complex Fractal Dimensions, and Log-Periodicity." In Why Stock Markets Crash. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175959.003.0006.
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This chapter describes the concept of fractals and their self-similarity, including fractals with complex dimensions. It shows how these geometric and mathematical objects enable one to codify the information contained in the precursory patterns before large stock market crashes. The chapter first considers how models of cooperative behaviors resulting from imitation between agents organized within a hierarchical structure exhibit the announced critical phenomena decorated with “log-periodicity.” It then examines the underlying hierarchical structure of social networks, critical behavior in hierarchical networks, a hierarchical model of financial bubbles, and discrete scale invariance. It also discusses a technique, called the “renormalization group,” and a simple model exhibiting a finite-time singularity due to a positive feedback induced by trend following investment strategies. Finally, it looks at scenarios leading to discrete scale invariance and log-periodicity.
Conference papers on the topic "CRUSH (Group)"
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Fourney, W. L., X. J. Wang, and R. D. Dick. "Crush zone size dependence on charge size." In Proceedings of the conference of the American Physical Society topical group on shock compression of condensed matter. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.50629.
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Johnson, Nancy L., Dan Q. Houston, Patrick J. Watling, and Larry Lalik. "Generic Tube Crush Program: Crush Tests of Structural Reaction Injection Molded Tubes." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0968.
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Abstract This paper documents the structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) portion of a generic crush study of glass fiber reinforced composite tubes conducted by the Energy Management Working Group of the Automotive Composites Consortium (ACC). Static and dynamic crush tests were performed to evaluate the crush performance of square, circular, and rectangular shaped cross-section tubes. Manufacturing of the tubes for this study required feasible processes for production such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and SRIM, in conjunction with rapid preforming and foam core fabrication. Square (55 × 55 mm), circular (63.5 mm diameter), and rectangular (38.1 mm × 71.1 mm) crush tubes had a nominal wall thickness of either 2.54 or 5.08 mm and a length of 230 mm. Dow Spectrim MM364 resin was used for all the tubes in this portion of the study. Seven different fiber architectures were considered ranging from random chopped mat (RCM) to a tri-axial braid. The principal fiber was E-glass with a limited number of tubes being constructed with S-2 glass. A plug-type initiator was used in combination with a 45° bevel on the outside edge of the lead end of the crush tube to ensure progressive crush. Crush tests were performed at −40°C, room temperature, and 82°C. The tubes tested at high temperature were immersed in distilled water for 24 hours prior to heating. Various fiber architectures, wall thicknesses, and temperatures were evaluated for their effect on energy absorption characteristics during axial crush using plug-type initiators. Principle findings were that different fiber architectures can produce significant differences in tube specific energy absorption (SEA), that SEA increases dramatically with increasing tube wall thickness, and that post-curing can increase the SEA of the tubes. Static tests produced higher values of SEA than those measured in dynamic tests for most fiber architectures at cold and room temperatures, while at elevated temperature / humidity, the opposite effect is seen in that static values were lower than dynamic values of SEA.
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Browne, Alan L., Dan Q. Houston, Patrick J. Watling, and Larry Lalik. "Automotive Composites Consortium Generic Tube Crush Program: Resin Transfer Molded Tubes." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0969.
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Abstract This paper provides a brief summary of the major findings of the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) portion of a generic tube crush study conducted by the Energy Management Working Group (EMWG) of the Automotive Composites Consortium (ACC). A total of 147 crush tests were performed on 55 × 55 mm square hollow tubes using plug-type crush initiators. The principal fiber was E-glass and the resin used was Dow Derakane 411-C50 vinylester. Parameters considered were tube fiber architecture and wall thickness, test crush rate — static vs. dynamic —, and test temperature/humidity. Principle findings were that fiber architecture, tube wall thickness, and whether the test was a static or dynamic crush test all can produce significant differences in tube crush force and specific energy absorption (SEA); also that both tube quality and postcuring are strongly linked to the quality and generality of the information gathered/conclusions that can be drawn.
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HALUZA, RUDY T., J. MICHAEL PEREIRA, TRENTON M. RICKS, ROBERT K. GOLDBERG, CHARLES E. BAKIS, and KEVIN L. KOUDELA. "SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC CRUSHING BEHAVIOR OF SIMULATED CARBON/EPOXY STANCHIONS USING MAT58 AND MAT213 IN LS-DYNA." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Eighth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc38/36669.
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Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have shown promise as a material for structures designed to absorb energy in crush-style impact loading. However, simulating the behavior of CFRP structures in dynamic, crushing-style impact loading is challenging because of the many damage and failure modes that are essential to capture in the model. For the present investigation, CFRP stanchions were tested using a crash sled experimental test rig. The stanchions were designed by the Composite Materials Handbook-17 (CMH-17) Crashworthiness Working Group for the purpose of comparing experimental crash sled tests to corresponding simulations of the tests. The stanchions are C-channel shaped and represent a geometry common in the interior of aerospace vehicle structures. Explicit simulations in LS- DYNA were performed using a well-established composite material model (MAT58) and a next-generation material model (MAT213). Simulating the crushing of the stanchions occurred in two phases. First, the material models were calibrated using flat specimens that were manufactured with the same layup as the stanchions. While the original goal was calibration of material-related properties, mesh- dependent behavior was observed in simulations with both material models, and an unstructured mesh was therefore selected to remediate undesirable mesh-dependent failure modes. Additionally, for both the MAT58 and MAT213 models, it was found that either the crush force or the failure mode could be modeled accurately, but no set of parameters could be identified to optimize both results in the same model. Once satisfactory calibration was achieved, the same material parameters were applied to the stanchion crush simulations. The stanchion simulations showed that MAT213 more accurately predicted the experimentally determined crush force, and both material models predicted key aspects of the experimentally observed failure modes.
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Ryu, Jooyoung, Hangil Woo, Chaeyoung Nam, Youngik Yoo, Namgyu Park, and Seungjae Lee. "Study on the Spacer Grid Dynamic Crush Strength According to Cell Sizes." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16149.
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Abstract A spacer grid is one of the primary components of the PWR nuclear fuel. Spacer grid maintains proper pitches between the fuel rods and enables the fuel rod to cool down by providing coolant flow path. However, when the nuclear fuel is subjected to an unexpected excessive load during shipping, handling, manufacturing and operating, it could lead to fuel failure such as spacer grid buckling and cladding tube deformation. The most limiting load acting on the spacer grid is the lateral impact load during seismic/loss-of-coolant accidents. Dynamic crush strength of the spacer grid greatly contributes to the nuclear fuel integrity throughout the fuel lifetime [1]. This buckling strength tends to become weak in end of life (EOL) condition. KEPCO NF (KNF) carried out dynamic crush tests of the spacer grid and analyzed its characteristics. Spacer grids were prepared with three groups that have different cell sizes according to beginning of life (BOL), EOL and enlarged EOL simulated conditions. In addition, two kinds of dynamic crush tests were performed. One is pendulum impact test that drops a hammer to the grid in a short time. And the other is hydraulic long-pulse test that pushes impact plate to the grid in longer time. These tests and analysis results were compared in each group and discussed to explore key factors for improving crush strength of the spacer grid. In this paper, the spacer grid manufactured by additive manufacturing (AM) technology [2] is also introduced to verify the buckling performance. AM is a method to make designed shape with metal powder and built-up technology that is different from conventional manufacturing. Through the study, it could be a good alterative solution that the new manufacturing method might be helpful to improve dynamic impact characteristics.
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Muhlanger, Michelle, Daniel Parent, Kristine Severson, and Benjamin Perlman. "Development of Performance Requirements for a Rail Passenger Workstation Table Safety Standard." In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42031.
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The American Public Transportation Association’s (APTA) Construction and Structural committee, a railroad industry group, with the support of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), is creating an industry safety standard for an energy absorbing table. Workstation tables in passenger trains are an increasingly popular seating configuration both in the United States and abroad. Although a well-attached table can provide convenience and compartmentalization for the occupant, there is a risk of abdominal injury during a rail accident. In Fact, there have been several accidents in the United States in which impacts with workstation tables have severely or fatally injured occupants. In 2006, in response to these injuries, an FRA sponsored program developed a prototype table that distributed load over a wider area of the abdomen and absorbed energy during a collision. This table design was tested with specialized anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) instrumented to measure abdominal impact response and was shown to decrease injury risk compared to a baseline table design. Building on the knowledge gained in the development of the prototype table, the proposed standard requires force to the abdomen be limited while energy is absorbed by the table. Since manufacturers do not have access specialized ATDs, researchers proposed a two part testing requirement. The first part is a quasi-static test which measures the energy absorption capacity of the table with a maximum force level determined from testing with specialized abdominal ATDs. The second part is a sled test with a standard Hybrid III 50th percentile (HIII) ATD to assess compliance with occupant protection standards of compartmentalization and ATD injury assessment reference values (IARVs). This paper discusses the research performed to develop the performance requirement in the draft standard. Current injury measures, originally developed for the automotive industry, were examined to assess their applicability to workstation table impacts. Multiple Mathematical Dynamic Models (MADYMO) model simulations show the estimated injuries during a simulated sled test scenario. Several force-crush parameters were examined, including the initial stiffness of the force-crush curve, the plateau force and the target energy absorbed by the table, to determined the force-crush design characteristics of a table that are likely to reduce injury risk. The results of this study, combined with testing of the current prototype table described in a companion paper [1], led to a draft standard that will greatly improve the safety of workstation tables in passenger rail cars.
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Leão, Arthur Ventura Martins, Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira, and Luciana Politti Cartarozzi. "Neuroprotection by memantine after compressive spinal root lesion." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.383.
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Introduction: Compressive root lesions are characterized by changes in the spinal cord microenvironment, which include motoneuron chromatolysis and degeneration, chronic gliosis, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Since excessive NMDAr stimulation by glutamate leads to neuronal degeneration, the use of NMDAr antagonists has been proposed as a promissing treatment central and peripheral nerve injuries. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of memantine, following compressive spinal root axotomy. Methods: Adult C57BL/6J mice were subjected to unilateral ventral root crush (VRC) and divided into four groups: VRC+Vehicle, VRC+Memantine 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg. The treatment was administered orally for 14 days, starting immediately after injury. Twenty-eight days after the lesion, lumbar intumescences were collected and processed for motoneuron counting (toluidine blue staining), together with astrogliosis and microglial reaction assessment (immunohistochemistry for GFAP and Iba-1, respectively). The protocols for animal use and handling were approved by the local ethical committee (CEUA/UNICAMP, protocol no 5740-1). Results: Memantine rescued spinal motoneurons at all the studied doses when compared with the vehicle counterpart, being the 45 mg/kg group the most effective (P < 0.001). Memantine also downregulated microglial reactions at the doses of 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg (P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively). Astrogliosis also decreased in all treated groups as compared to the control (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The memantine has a significant antiinflammatory effect on glial cells, coupled with neuroprotection of motoneurons, indicating a possible translation to the clinic.
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Espinasse, Philippe. "Deepsea Pilot SMS Mining System for Harsh Environments." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20477.
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Following the trend of oil and gas production in deep waters, ore mining is about to start in the deep waters of the Pacific Ocean. If the first system will most probably be installed in the quiet though deep waters of Papua New Guinea, other prospects lie in the more turbulent areas of New Zealand and the Tongas. The ore accumulations to be mined are high grade hydrothermal mineral deposits rich in copper, gold, zinc, lead and silver located directly on the seabed. However, the excavation techniques need to be quite different from what had been envisaged for manganese nodules due to the morphology of the deposits. Based on its deep water construction experience, Genesis France, a company of the Technip Group has been contracted to perform a screening study of the various technologies to be applied to cut, crush, lift to the surface and pre-process the massive seabed sulphide deposits in a safe, efficient and profitable manner while minimizing the environmental impact of such work. This paper presents the conceptual screening study, the systems that have been evaluated, the selection criteria and the resulting operating system.
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Eshraghi, Shaun, Kristine Severson, David Hynd, and A. Benjamin Perlman. "Finite Element Model Validation of the Hybrid-III Rail Safety (H3-RS) Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD)." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87736.
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The Hybrid-III Rail Safety (H3-RS) anthropomorphic test device (ATD), also known as a crash test dummy, was developed by the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), DeltaRail (now Resonate Group Ltd.), and the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) in the United Kingdom between 2002 and 2005 for passenger rail safety applications [1]. The H3-RS is a modification of the standard Hybrid-III 50th percentile male (H3-50M) ATD with additional features in the chest and abdomen to increase its biofidelity and eight sensors to measure deflection. The H3-RS features bilateral (left and right) deflection sensors in the upper and lower chest and in the upper and lower abdomen; whereas, the standard H3-50M only features a single unilateral (center) deflection sensor in the chest with no deflection sensors located in the abdomen. Additional H3-RS research was performed by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) under the direction of the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research, Development, and Technology. The Volpe Center contracted with TRL to conduct a series of dynamic pendulum impact tests [2]. The goal of testing the abdomen response of the H3-RS ATD was to develop data to refine an abdomen design that produces biofidelic and repeatable results under various impact conditions with respect to impactor geometry, vertical impact height, and velocity. In this study, the abdominal response of the H3-RS finite element (FE) model that TRL developed is validated using the results from pendulum impact tests [2]. Results from the pendulum impact tests and corresponding H3-RS FE simulations are compared using the longitudinal relative deflection measurements from the internal sensors in the chest and abdomen as well as the longitudinal accelerometer readings from the impactor. The abdominal response of the H3-RS FE model correlated well with the physical ATD as the impactor geometry, vertical impact height, and velocity were changed. There were limitations with lumbar positioning of the H3-RS FE model as well as the material definition for the relaxation rate of the foam in the abdomen that can be improved in future work. The main goal of validating the abdominal response of the dummy model is to enable its use in assessing injury potential in dynamic sled testing of crashworthy workstation tables, the results of which are presented in a companion paper [3]. The authors used the model of the H3-RS ATD to study the 8G sled test specified in the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) workstation table safety standard [4]. The 8G sled test is intended to simulate the longitudinal crash accleration in a severe train-to-train collision involving U.S. passenger equipment. Analyses of the dynamic sled test are useful for studying the sensitivity of the sled test to factors such as table height, table force-crush behavior, seat pitch, etc., which help to inform discussions on revisions to the test requirements eventually leading to safer seating environments for passengers.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Semjons Ivanovs, Hristo Beloev, Oleksandra Trokhaniak, Mykola Klendii, Anatoliy Bondarchuk, and Adolfs Rucins. "Synthesis of tillage machines and experimental research on agro technological indicators for tillage quality." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf162.
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An important issue in the design of tillage machines is the search for improved machine designs to achieve high levels of productivity and quality of tillage operations, as well as the expansion of technological capabilities. One way of solving the problem of creating new machine designs for soil tillage is to implement progressive methods of searching for new technical solutions in the early stages of design preparation of production. This can be achieved by using morphological analysis, which in the fourth step involves the synthesis of object variants, which, based on the morphological matrix compiled, produces the full number of solutions. The article presents a synthesis of tillage mechanisms and machines using morphological analysis, which has led to improvements in the design of tillage machines. Hierarchical group synthesis using morphological analysis generated workable designs for alternative tillage machine variants. A method of structuring machine design for tillage and a method of their improvement based on the study of the properties of their structure elements, according to the theory of synthesis of hierarchical groups using morphological analysis, are proposed. To determine the agro-technological efficiency of the harrow with helical working tools, we conducted field tests of a rotary tool BDN-1,3 and an experimental sample of a harrow. The article presents the results of comparative tests of the disc harrow BDN-1,3 and the harrow with screw working tools. According to the results of studies, it was found that the density of the cultivated soil with the proposed helical working tools meets agricultural requirements and is 1.21 g·сm-3, which is 4.0% less than the variant with a disc harrow, and 36.3% less, compared to the agricultural background. According to the results of studies, it was found that the density of the cultivated soil with the proposed helical working tools, meets agricultural requirements and is 49.8 kN·m-2, which is 15.2% less compared to the disc harrow tillage, and 43.0% less compared with the background and the standard value. The volumetric crush coefficient of the proposed harrow variant is 51.4% lower than the background and the standard value, which varies between 1...2 N·сm-3 (for a plowed field).
Reports on the topic "CRUSH (Group)"
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Regis, D., and M. Sanborn-Barrie. Delimiting the extent of 'Boothia terrane' crust, Nunavut: new U-Pb geochronological results. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330703.
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The Boothia Peninsula - Somerset Island region of north-central Nunavut is a frontier region (70-74°N, 94°W) long considered as part of Rae craton. Recent field mapping and acquisition of isotopic (U-Pb, Sm-Nd) data as part of the GEM-2 Boothia-Somerset project allowed this region's exposed Precambrian bedrock to be better characterized with respect to petrology and litho-geochemistry, and to be more extensively and more precisely time-calibrated. The discovery of unique, possibly exotic, basement characterized by a ca. 2.55-2.51 Ga TTG suite overlain by ca. 2.5 Ga metasedimentary rocks, cut by 2.49- 2.48 Ga plutons, are all atypical components of the Archean Rae crust. This new knowledge and the hint of similar 'Boothia terrane' crust south of Boothia Peninsula (Ryan et al., 2009), east of the Queen Maud block (Davis et al., 2014) in central Nunavut, and in northernmost Saskatchewan (Cloutier et al., 2021), raised the possibility this terrane may extend &gt;1600 km across north-central Canada. During the foundational year of GEM-GeoNorth, the extent of Boothia terrane crust was explored through legacy samples collected during the 2012 GEM Frontiers' transect across mainland Nunavut. As part of this new study, field descriptions, photographic records and legacy samples were examined, and new U-Pb zircon geochronology was acquired. The new data and knowledge were used to: i) identify new components of Boothia terrane on the mainland southwest of Boothia Peninsula; ii) further distinguish this crust from that of Rae affinity; and iii) better constrain the depositional age of Sherman Group metasedimentary rocks.
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Nakatani, Tamotsu, Atsushi Yokoyama, Koji Kawamura, Tadashi Uozumi, Manabu Ushiro, Asao Koike, Yasuo Yamane, et al. Development of High-Performance FRP Crash Boxes~FRP Working Group Activity Report on the Evaluation of Energy Absorption Performance. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0519.
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Tarko, Andrew P., Mario Romero, Cristhian Lizarazo, and Paul Pineda. Statistical Analysis of Safety Improvements and Integration into Project Design Process. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317121.
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RoadHAT is a tool developed by the Center for Road Safety and implemented for the INDOT safety management practice to help identify both safety needs and relevant road improvements. This study has modified the tool to facilitate a quick and convenient comparison of various design alternatives in the preliminary design stage for scoping small and medium safety-improvement projects. The modified RoadHAT 4D incorporates a statistical estimation of the Crash Reduction Factors based on a before-and-after analysis of multiple treated and control sites with EB correction for the regression-to-mean effect. The new version also includes the updated Safety Performance Functions, revised average costs of crashes, and the comprehensive table of Crash Modification Factors—all updated to reflect current Indiana conditions. The documentation includes updated Guidelines for Roadway Safety Improvements. The improved tool will be implemented at a sequence of workshops for the final end users and preceded with a beta-testing phase involving a small group of INDOT engineers.
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Reeher, Lauren J. Interim Geologic Map of the Kamas Quadrangle, Summit and Wasatch Counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-763.
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The Kamas 7.5′ quadrangle is in the Wasatch back valleys about 30 miles (50 km) east of Salt Lake City, Utah. The quadrangle is centered over the north-south-trending Kamas Valley and contains the cities of Kamas and Oakley, and the town of Peoa. Kamas Valley is situated between the foothills of the Uinta Mountains to the east and the West Hills of the Keetley volcanic f ield to the west. The Kamas region is part of the Middle Rocky Mountains physiographic province, located at the juxtaposition of several key tectonic features. A major tectonic trend known as the Cheyenne Belt runs east-west along the northern margin of the Uinta Mountains and separates the Archean continental crust of the Wyoming Province to the north and Paleoproterozoic continental crust of the Yavapai-Mazatzal province to the south (Bryant and Nichols, 1988; Houston et al., 1993). This ancient suture zone has influenced the structural development of Uinta region since its formation. During Neoproterozoic time (~770 to 740 Ma), this weak suture zone formed the northern boundary of a faulted rift basin which accumulated up to 23,000 feet (7000 m) of Uinta Mountain Group sediment consisting of gravel, sand, and mud (Bryant and Nichols, 1988). The Neoproterozoic Uinta Mountain Group consists of the Red Pine Shale, Formation of Hades Pass, and Formation of Mount Watson in the western Uinta Mountains. These rocks are exposed 4 miles (6.5 km) east of the Kamas quadrangle (Bryant, 1990). The Proterozoic rift basin was subsequently inverted with episodic uplift during Phanerozoic time resulting in the east-west-trending structural high of the Uinta arch (Crittenden, 1976; Bruhn et al., 1986; Yonkee et al., 2014). The Uinta arch is part of a large structural zone that extends across the length of the Uinta Mountains, west through the Cottonwood canyons of the Wasatch Range, and continues westward through Tooele, Utah (Clark et al., 2020). The Uinta-Tooele structural zone (Clark, 2020) is marked by a suture in the Precambrian basement, a zone of tertiary igneous rocks extending west from the Kamas quadrangle, and localized uplifts during the Phanerozoic (Yonkee et al., 2014; Clark et al., 2020). Kamas Valley is positioned at a relative structural low between the Uinta and Cottonwood arch segments of the Uinta-Tooele structural zone, with the Uinta arch segment plunging west beneath the valley and the Cottonwood arch segment plunging east beneath the valley. This structural saddle is obscured by a blanket of Cenozoic volcanics and Neogene basin fill (Bradley and Bruhn, 1988; Bryant and Nichols, 1988).
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Manor, M. J., and S. J. Piercey. Whole-rock lithogeochemistry, Nd-Hf isotopes, and in situ zircon geochemistry of VMS-related felsic rocks, Finlayson Lake VMS district, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328992.
Full textAbstract:
The Finlayson Lake district in southeastern Yukon is composed of a Late Paleozoic arc-backarc system that consists of metamorphosed volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary rocks of the Yukon-Tanana and Slide Mountain terranes. These rocks host &gt;40 Mt of polymetallic resources in numerous occurrences and styles of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineralization. Geochemical and isotopic data from these rocks support previous interpretations that volcanism and plutonism occurred in arc-marginal arc (e.g., Fire Lake formation) and continental back-arc basin environments (e.g., Kudz Ze Kayah formation, Wind Lake formation, and Wolverine Lake group) where felsic magmatism formed from varying mixtures of crust- and mantle-derived material. The rocks have elevated high field strength element (HFSE) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, and evolved to chondritic isotopic signatures, in VMS-proximal stratigraphy relative to VMS-barren assemblages. These geochemical features reflect the petrogenetic conditions that generated felsic rocks and likely played a role in the localization of VMS mineralization in the district. Preliminary in situ zircon chemistry supports these arguments with Th/U and Hf isotopic fingerprinting, where it is interpreted that the VMS-bearing lithofacies formed via crustal melting and mixing with increased juvenile, mafic magmatism; rocks that were less prospective have predominantly crustal signatures. These observations are consistent with the formation of VMS-related felsic rocks by basaltic underplating, crustal melting, and basalt-crustal melt mixing within an extensional setting. This work offers a unique perspective on magmatic petrogenesis that underscores the importance of integrating whole-rock with mineral-scale geochemistry in the characterization of VMS-related stratigraphy.
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.
Full textAbstract:
Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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Evidence Update for Clinicians: Treatment Options for People with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/eu9.2019.9.
Full textAbstract:
A recent update of a systematic review, supported by PCORI through a research partnership with AHRQ, informs clinicians on psychological and pharmacological treatments for PTSD in adults. The review reports on 207 articles from 193 studies published before 2018, updating a 2013 review. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects about 6% of US adults. It is more common in groups including women, younger people, and those who did not complete high school or who have lower incomes. PTSD can affect military personnel serving in combat, but it may also develop after a person experiences or witnesses intimate partner violence, sexual violence, physical abuse or assault, a motor vehicle crash, natural disaster, violent crime, or other traumatic event.