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1
Garcia, Celso, Christian Mestre-Runge, Enrique Morán-Tejeda, Jorge Lorenzo-Lacruz, and Dolores Tirado. "Impact of Cruise Activity on Freshwater Use in the Port of Palma (Mallorca, Spain)." Water 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041088.
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Lack of knowledge about freshwater use in ports of tourist destinations hinders accurate assessment of water availability and water planning. In this study, freshwater use in the Port of Palma (Spain) is analyzed by sector (commercial, mixed, navy and recreational) for the period 2007–2018. This study shows the dynamics of consumption and evaluates the effects of increased cruise tourism from 2007 to 2018 in the port. Water data supplied by the Port Authority of the Balearic Islands for each sector, together with water volumes recharged by ships, allow a detailed analysis of the water used by merchants and cruise lines. Results reveal a significant increase in freshwater withdrawals by cruise ships in the Port of Palma in the last ten years, closely related to the boom of cruise activity. Water use and recharge by cruise ships increased in both the high and low tourist seasons. Homeport cruises have a significant effect on the increase of freshwater withdrawals, as each homeport cruise ship recharged a mean volume of 628 m3 per mooring. This paper proposes a water withdrawal indicator of liters loaded per passenger at the port. Given the current lack of restriction on the number of cruise ships per day docking in the Port of Palma, cruise activity may well become a threat to water availability during drought episodes and another environmental cost to add to the already questioned cruise tourism activity of the island.
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Brewster, Rebecca K., Alexander Sundermann, and Corey Boles. "Lessons learned for COVID-19 in the cruise ship industry." Toxicology and Industrial Health 36, no. 9 (September 2020): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233720964631.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created widespread disruption in individuals’ personal and occupational lives all around the world. Vacationers and tourism, recreation, and leisure employees were among those who experienced substantial disruption. Cruise ships, especially, faced turmoil on a global scale for both their customers and workers. COVID-19 outbreaks were reported on cruise ships beginning in February 2020, presenting new and unique challenges for the industry. Conditions on cruise ships, including close and frequent contact between passengers and crew members, use of common areas, the confined nature of the vessels, and gathering of passengers from different countries, aided in transmitting the disease both onboard and in the community. As the pandemic evolved, federal and state governments and industries worldwide, including cruise ship companies, developed response plans. In this article, we provide a high-level overview of the US government and cruise ship industry’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a brief commentary on lessons learned, and recommendations for the cruise ship sector going forward. The outlined suggestions may be used as a starting point to increase emergency preparedness and to inform outbreak response plans in the event of future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Cashman, David. "Music and (Touristic) Meaning on Cruise Ships: The Musicscape of the MV Carnival Paradise as a Semiotic Tourism Product." IASPM Journal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5429/ij.v4i2.685.
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The cruise industry is a part of the ‘post-tourism’ sector that, in contrast to cultural tourism, does not seek to represent culture for consumption by the tourist, but fabricates it, creating a hyperreal tourist experience. The music is a core aspect of the cruise experience. This paper investigates the music performed on a 2009 cruise of the MV Carnival Paradise and considers how touristic meaning (as opposed to inherent meaning) is infused in the music. It finds that the music of cruise ships is used to construct a cultural cocoon which mediates and protects guests from interaction with the cultures through which they travel. It turns attention inwards, constructing the fabricated geography and culture of the ship as the destination. In so doing, it encourages consumption on the ship itself and thereby contributes to the overall profitability of the ship.
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Anagnostopoulos, Lemonia, Leonidas Kourentis, Antonios Papadakis, and Varvara A. Mouchtouri. "Re-Starting the Cruise Sector during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece: Assessing Effectiveness of Port Contingency Planning." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 13262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013262.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks on board cruise ships early in the pandemic highlighted gaps worldwide in public health emergency contingency plans (PHECPs) for responding to unknown threats. To restart cruise operations in 2021 and respond to potential COVID-19 outbreaks, a major tourist-based Greek island port (Port A) developed a COVID-19 PHECP. We assessed plan effectiveness by reviewing epidemiological data and monitoring outcomes, followed by an intra-action review (IAR) analyzing three event responses. From May to December 2021, 118 calls from 23 cruise ships with 119,930 passengers were recorded, with 29 COVID-19 cases in 11 cruises on board 7 ships. No outbreak was recorded during the study period. Strengths of the introduced PHECP included commitment of senior management; a core multi-disciplinary team of local authorities/ship agents involved in design and execution; interoperability agreements for port and ships’ PHECPs; cruise industry commitment to compliance; and pre-existing scenarios considering capacity needs. Central government coordination for preparedness planning at local ports is essential for successful responses. Monitoring local and country level response capacities is critical to inform planning, risk assessment, and decision-making. Immediately recording ports’ response actions provides the basis to capture lessons and improve contingency plans. To facilitate communication and common response protocols between European and non-European ports, IARs should be conducted between countries.
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PIOCH, Joanna, Mariusz CHMIELEWSKI, Renata PŁOSKA, and Karol ŚLEDZIK. "COVID-19 Anchor for Cruise Tourism. An analysis of Gdańsk’s and Gdynia's Cruise Tourism in the 2017-2020 Period." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.1(57).24.
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In many Member States, European regions and cities, tourism is a key factor in the economic and social structure. The COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in 2020 caused significant losses in the tourism sector area in all European Union (EU) countries. This applies in particular to one of the elements of the tourism sector of any economy with access to the sea - the possibility of accepting cruise ships. This cruise tourism sector has also been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The aim of this paper is to estimate the number of selected expenditures of passengers and cruise ship crews entering the ports of Gdańsk and Gdynia, which are a source of revenue for the region, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on limiting the growth of this tourism segment. Our study takes a holistic approach by estimating the amount of revenue generated by tourists arriving in the two ports in the Gulf of Gdańsk capable of handling large cruise ships. Based on the number of arriving tourists in 2017-2020, the study estimates the income of tourism enterprises that receive a direct cash inflow from offering services to arriving tourists.
The tourism sector that was particularly affected by the pandemic was cruise tourism. In 2020, this sector recorded an over 5-fold decrease in the number of cruise ship passengers. The conclusions of the study show that the number of cruise ships arriving in the analysed ports in 2020 decreased significantly compared to the previous year, similarly to other ports in the region. At the same time, the number of passengers visiting the analysed ports decreased substantially. Nevertheless, the dynamic growth of cruise tourism in the Baltic Sea basin, which began before the COVID-19 pandemic, allows for conclusions about further development of this tourism segment and its potential impact on the region’s economy after the crisis which occurred in 2020.
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Perucic, Doris. "THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN THE CRUISE INDUSTRY." Tourism and hospitality management 13, no. 3 (2007): 665–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.13.3.13.
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The paper investigates how globalization processes have reshaped the de-territorialisation of capital, labor and the tourist destination. The fact that cruises as a form of tourism supply are not tied to just one destination has contributed to a more rapid development of globalization processes in the cruise industry. The growth in demand and the economy of scale have caused the appearance of gigantism. Ships have become floating hotels or destinations similar to on-land resorts, and the ports visited have become part of the program offered onboard. Today, ships that carry few thousand people including passengers and crew, and offer a multitude of facilities, can be viewed as a global microcosms, considering that the passengers and crew come from various countries around the world. The multinational atmosphere onboard is frequently marketed as part of the cruise experience. This is further strengthened by the fact that a ship does not usually sail under the flag of its country of domicile, but rather under a flag of convenience that allows the company to lower considerably their running costs and access to global laborforce markets. Today, cruising is worldwide, demands show high growth rate, new markets are emerging, new cruise regions are developing, and the profile of cruise passengers is changing. Multinational companies cover almost all cruise regions, and the sector is dominated by three corporations that control more than 75% of the market.
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Adams, Sheree-Ann, Xavier Font, and Davina Stanford. "All aboard the corporate socially and environmentally responsible cruise ship." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-11-2016-0061.
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Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the relative importance of corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSER) in comparison to standard, price, duration, destination, brand and disruption using choice-based conjoint analysis (CBC). Design/methodology/approach CBC was used as the data collection survey technique, and counts analysis for preference and hierarchical Bayes estimation (HB) for importance levels data analysis methods, from Sawtooth Software Inc. Findings Results show that 2:1 Royal Caribbean Cruise Line cruise consumers prefer companies with CSER policies and practices. However, their actual product choice selection of cruise package attributes revealed that consumers overall placed less importance on CSER when choosing cruises. Experienced consumers were more brand image-conscious than those new to cruising, and consumers who were less price-sensitive were most willing to choose companies with CSER policies and practices. Research limitations/implications The information provided is specifically on “what” cruise consumer preferences and importance attributes are but does not explicitly explain “why” the respondents made the choices they did. This was at the time a limitation of the software used to conduct the study. Practical implications The Conjoint Analysis CBC Sawtooth Software pre-2014 version choice simulators do not facilitate questions that provide answers as to “why” respondents make the choices they do in the market simulations. Social implications The knowledge contribution is of value to both academia and industry, as the quantitative statistical data on the cruise consumers’ choice preferences are of value in understanding and identifying solutions/approaches towards “opening the bottleneck” that exists between private sector sustainable development practices and consumer lifestyle changes. Originality/value This was the first time that CBC/HB was applied within academia to examine the cruise consumers’ choice preferences in a UK context and also the first time that CSER was applied as a direct variable in a cruise package to determine the preference and important values of a brand in a consumer behaviour decision-making context.
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Oka, I. Made Darma. "THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT OF BALINESE LABOR WORKING ON CRUISE SHIP." Journal of Business on Hospitality and Tourism 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v2i1.46.
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As one of the most popular destinations for international tourists, Bali has attracted a sizeable and growing labor force in the tourism sector of the economy. This fact has triggered Balinese labor force to participate in such a service industry. As a supplier of tourism labor force Bali has been increasingly successful in promoting the number of workers to be employed in cruise tourism industry. The participation rate of Balinese labor in cruise tourism industry over the last years has dramatically increased. The growth of Balinese labor who works on cruise ships in the past four years reached more than 18 percent. It is happening because they have been prepared themselves in accordance to the competencies and qualifications needed in cruise tourism industry. The Balinese labor’s participation in cruise tourism industry employment has brought major implications for their life and culture. The present study aimed to analyze the multiplier effect of Balinese labor works in cruise tourism industry overview from economic and socio-cultural perspective. The research subjects were Balinese labor who used to or were still working in the cruise tourism industry. This research used qualitative data. The collected data started from one Balinese labor having experience in the cruise tourism industry and then spread to the other workers. To answer the research questions, data collection was conducted through observation and deep interviews. The data were analyzed by qualitative analysis. In analyzing the data of economic and socio-cultural perspective of Balinese labor who work in the cruise tourism industry in the environment of life, it was done through the processing and interpretation of the data which is a series of periodic review, grouping, systematization, interpretation and reification of data so that a phenomenon has social academic and scientific value. The data analysis was conducted to find the hidden reasons behind the actions of the perpetrators of social action or geared towards social significance of social phenomena. The focus is to find what kind of mindset that glows behind a social phenomenon or to find the rationality that lies behind the social phenomena. The multiplier effect of Balinese labor working in cruise tourism industry was overviewed from economic and socio-cultural perspectives. The economic perspective likes: Balinese labor working on cruise ship able to improve the family economy, and employment for the community directly or indirectly in the cruise tourism industry. The socio-cultural perspective likes: by working on cruise ships able to motivate the other Balinese labor to works on cruise ships, with working on cruise ships can open the horizons and the way of thinking society, increase the personal discipline, make clean and healthy in their live, and then improve the science and technology in tourism especially at cruises, able to strengthen the unity of nation, anticipation for disintegration, and growth the awareness to conserve the cultural after seeing the variety of cultures in the word. Based on the conclusions above, the following suggestion can be made: the government should pay attention to the existence of Balinese labor, who work in cruise ships, to the protection of their rights as well as the relevant acts should be made clear, knowing that they serve as ambassadors of the nation that generate income for the country; and the government should provide support to Balinese laborers in accordance with their potential
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McWay, Ryan. "Cruising Through School: General Equilibrium Effects of Cruise Ship Arrivals on Employment and Education." American Economist 67, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/05694345211054515.
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Cruise tourism is the fastest-growing branch of the tourism sector, and many have turned to it as a development strategy despite little systematic evidence of its equilibrium effects. I match 10.6 million automatic identification system (AIS) locations from 517 cruise ships arriving in 265 port destinations to 355,463 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) women’s surveys in 23 countries to estimate cruise tourism’s relationship with women’s labor market participation and educational attainment. Using fixed effects to identify changes in tourism over time, I estimate that doubling cruise ship arrivals is associated with a 4.9-percentage point increase in labor participation and one-quarter more years of education. These results would be consistent with port cities offering more job opportunities for older women and increased opportunity and available income for education, possibly in anticipation of improved employment prospects. JEL Classifications: D50, I00, J21, O12, Z32
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Wiacek, Aldona, Li Li, Keane Tobin, and Morgan Mitchell. "Characterization of trace gas emissions at an intermediate port." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 19 (October 1, 2018): 13787–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13787-2018.
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Abstract. Growing ship traffic in Atlantic Canada strengthens the local economy but also plays an important role in greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions in this coastal environment. A mobile open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR; acronyms defined in Appendix A) spectrometer was set up in Halifax Harbour (Nova Scotia, Canada), an intermediate harbour integrated into the downtown core, to measure trace gas concentrations in the vicinity of marine vessels, in some cases with direct or near-direct marine combustion plume intercepts. This is the first application of the OP-FTIR measurement technique to real-time, spectroscopic measurements of CO2, CO, O3, NO2, NH3, CH3OH, HCHO, CH4 and N2O in the vicinity of harbour emissions originating from a variety of marine vessels, and the first measurement of shipping emissions in the ambient environment along the eastern seaboard of North America outside of the Gulf Coast. The spectrometer, its active mid-IR source and its detector were located on shore while the passive retroreflector was on a nearby island, yielding a 455 m open path over the ocean (910 m two-way). Atmospheric absorption spectra were recorded during day, night, sunny, cloudy and substantially foggy or precipitating conditions, with a temporal resolution of 1 min or better. A weather station was co-located with the retroreflector to aid in the processing of absorption spectra and the interpretation of results, while a webcam recorded images of the harbour once per minute. Trace gas concentrations were retrieved from spectra by the MALT non-linear least squares iterative fitting routine. During field measurements (7 days in July–August 2016; 12 days in January 2017) AIS information on nearby ship activity was manually collected from a commercial website and used to calculate emission rates of shipping combustion products (CO2, CO, NOx, HC, SO2), which were then linked to measured concentration variations using ship position and wind information. During periods of low wind speed we observed extended (∼9 h) emission accumulations combined with near-complete O3 titration, both in winter and in summer. Our results compare well with a NAPS monitoring station ∼1 km away, pointing to the extended spatial scale of this effect, commonly found in much larger European shipping channels. We calculated total marine sector emissions in Halifax Harbour based on a complete AIS dataset of ship activity during the cruise ship season (May–October 2015) and the remainder of the year (November 2015–April 2016) and found trace gas emissions (tonnes) to be 2.8 % higher on average during the cruise ship season, when passenger ship emissions were found to contribute 18 % of emitted CO2, CO, NOx, SO2 and HC (0.5 % in the off season due to occasional cruise ships arriving, even in April). Similarly, calculated particulate emissions are 4.1 % higher during the cruise ship season, when passenger ship emissions contribute 18 % of the emitted particulate matter (PM) (0.5 % in the off season). Tugs were found to make the biggest contribution to harbour emissions of trace gases in both cruise ship season (23 % NOx, 24 % SO2) and the off season (26 % of both SO2 and NOx), followed by container ships (25 % NOx and SO2 in the off season, 21 % NOx and SO2 in cruise ship season). In the cruise ship season cruise ships were observed to be in third place regarding trace gas emissions, whilst tankers were in third place in the off season, with both being responsible for 18 % of the calculated emissions. While the concentrations of all regulated trace gases measured by OP-FTIR as well as the nearby in situ NAPS sensors were well below maximum hourly permissible levels at all times during the 19-day measurement period, we find that AIS-based shipping emissions of NOx over the course of 1 year are 4.2 times greater than those of a nearby 500 MW stationary source emitter and greater than or comparable to all vehicle NOx emissions in the city. Our findings highlight the need to accurately represent emissions from the shipping and marine sectors at intermediate ports integrated into urban environments. Emissions can be represented as pseudo-stationary and/or pseudo-line sources.
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Óskarsson, Gunnar, and Irena Georgsdóttir. "Marketing communication towards cruise ship passengers: the implications of market segmentation." Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24122/tve.a.2017.14.1.3.
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Tourism in Iceland has been growing incredibly fast during the past years; for example, the cruise industry has grown at a rapid rate, as Iceland continues to gain popularity as a cruise destination. Although a certain amount of research has been conducted in this sphere, it does not cover all of the important issues, including a better insight into clustering of cruise ship passengers, who differ from other tourists in a number of ways, and marketing communication towards them regarding product and services offered at the point of destination. The main objective of this research is to examine factors that have an impact on potential segmentation of cruise ship passengers coming to Iceland and learn about marketing communication practices used by local companies offering them products and services. Qualitative research was used as an approach and personal interviews chosen as a means of collecting information. Interviews were taken with 10 people from different companies who interact with cruise passengers on a regular basis at their workplace. The main findings reveal that participants note the strongest difference between cruise passengers of different nationalities, passengers coming on different ships (size and type), and passengers arriving at different times of the year. Concerning marketing communication towards cruise passengers, the results indicate that it is almost exclusively carried out through the Internet; a reliable website, search engine optimization and word-of-mouth. This research provides a contribution by deepening understanding of approaches that may be effective in market segmentation in this particular section of the tourism industry and identifying effective ways to reach potential customers. This research thus provides a significant addition to marketing knowledge for an increasingly important sector of the tourist industry.
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Grigoriadis, Achilleas, Sokratis Mamarikas, and Leonidas Ntziachristos. "Emission performance of major ship classes: An estimation based on a new set of emission factors and realistic activity profile data." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 899, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/899/1/012005.
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Abstract The maritime sector significantly contributes on the major environmental problems that humanity is being confronted with their consequences. The Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emitted from the sector, which are responsible for the global phenomenon of climate change, are estimated in 2,89% of total anthropogenic GHGs. Ships are also an important source of local air-quality degradation in coastal areas by emitting major quantities of pollutants such as Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Sulphur Oxides (SOx) and Particulate Matter (PM). The overall emitted quantities of the sector seem not to be equally allocated to the major ship classes (containers, dry and liquid bulk carriers, cruise ships, ro-ro ships etc.), even though the engine technologies that are being used in these classes are approximately the same (slow speed, medium speed, high speed diesel engines). A factor of differentiation among the ship types is the activity profile. Depending on the ship type, engines (main, auxiliary, boilers) present different power needs and therefore are being operated at different load points which among others are related with the sailing profile (cruising, maneuvering, hoteling), the cargo type and weight conditions (laden, ballast). In this context the target of the present paper is to evaluate the emission performance of the major ship classes. This evaluation is performed by using a new set of engine load-dependent Emission Factors for ships, which have been derived by a statistical analysis of emission rates found in literature, in combination with average activity profiles per ship type as these are found in dedicated shipping inventory databases and in literature. These activity data concern a global scale of consideration. Results aim to highlight the differences and similarities in the emission performance of ship types, enhancing the understanding of policy makers and ship operators, on the principle of tackling pollutants especially at ports, close to cities.
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Lindstad, Elizabeth, and Agathe Rialland. "LNG and Cruise Ships, an Easy Way to Fulfil Regulations—Versus the Need for Reducing GHG Emissions." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2020): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052080.
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Liquified natural gas (LNG), with its low sulphur content, its favorable hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, and the lower nitrogen oxide emission when combusted compared to conventional fuels, fulfils all International Maritime Organization (IMO) air emission regulations. For the cruise industry, with their large number of customers and their high public visibility, LNG has therefore become a tempting option for new cruise ships. However, larger well-to-tank (WTT) emissions for the LNG supply chain as well as un-combusted methane (CH4) from the ship’s engine might more than nullify any greenhouse gas (GHG) gains. Previous studies have shown very different GHG impacts from the use of LNG as a ship fuel. With climate change potentially being the largest threat to mankind, it is important that decisions with an impact on future GHG emissions are based on the best available knowledge within a sector and across sectors. The motivation for this study has therefore been to establish comparable GHG estimates for well-to-wake (WTW) emissions for LNG and traditional fuels in a transparent way. The results show that there is a need for adopting policies that can reduce the broader GHG emissions of shipping instead of CO2 only, including the well-to-tank emissions of ship fuels. If not, we might end up with a large number of ships with GHG savings on paper only, while the real GHG emissions increases.
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Lasserre, Frédéric, and Pierre-Louis Têtu. "The cruise tourism industry in the Canadian Arctic: analysis of activities and perceptions of cruise ship operators." Polar Record 51, no. 1 (July 23, 2013): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247413000508.
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ABSTRACTWith the melting of sea ice in the Arctic, the potential for higher shipping access has markedly changed. Shipping activity in the Arctic is increasing, including tourism and exploration activities, underlining the need for reliable communication and monitoring. This article examines the interactions between climate and sea ice change, the patterns of cruise ship tourism through Arctic Canada and the interest of operators to increase their activities in the cruise tourism market in the region. Since 1995, the melting of the summer pack ice in the offers the possibilities of increased shipping in this region while encouraging speculation regarding the potential of the northwest passage (NWP) and the Canadian Arctic to become a major cruise maritime highway. Integrating research from both human and transport geography, this article presents an analysis of vessel movements. It also analyses perceptions of charters and cruise ship operators and of their interests in the cruise tourism market. Discussion is focused on issues associated with the lack of available vessels and maritime infrastructure, regulations in the Canadian arctic waters, security and search and rescue. This research could prove useful for communities, and policy makers, as well as the cruise sector itself, with regard to response to change in these remote locations.
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Yu, Yanan, Marcin Lorenc, and Yude Shao. "Legal Challenges in Protecting the Rights of Cruise Ship Crew at the Post COVID-19 Pandemic Era." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 9875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169875.
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The unexpected outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the shipping industry, especially the cruise sector. During this period, the cruise crew, as a neglected subject, experienced great work, life and psychological pressures. However, many states, including China, do not pay enough attention to the legal protection of their rights. The legal literature on this issue is insufficient, and this paper attempts to fill the gap. This paper aims to give a legal suggestion for how to protect the legal rights of cruise crews in ways that are both responsible and effective in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. To achieve the goal, this paper adopts legal research methods to analyze the application of international conventions and Chinese laws and regulations. The paper discusses the legal limitations on the rights’ protection of cruise crews in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the research results are legal considerations and suggestions for the protection of the cruise crew. In addition to taking reasonable measures to reduce the impact of the epidemic on cruise crews, the legitimate rights and interests of all cruise crew individuals should be realized as much as possible under existing international conventions and domestic laws. It is important for states to further improve crew and labour legislation and strengthen international cooperation to deal with the impact of the global pandemics on the cruise.
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Yoon, Yeohyun. "Improving Cruise Crew Competency and Cultivating Global Citizenship: A Sustainable Development Approach for the Cruise Industry." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (September 2, 2023): 13208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713208.
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In our increasingly interconnected world, the idea of global citizenship has taken center stage, especially in alignment with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, the cruise sector, in its resurgence after the COVID-19 setback, is facing workforce equilibrium issues. This study delves into career guidance, specifically concerning cruise staff roles. The focus is on how global citizenship perceptions, work-related values, service-oriented attitudes, competencies, and career self-concepts interplay among emerging service professionals. Initially, the global perspective of these professionals considerably boosts their work values, attitudes, and competencies related to cruise ship roles. Furthermore, a positive service attitude enhances work values and competencies. Also, work values appear to augment both skill sets and career self-awareness among cruise staff. The skills of cruise staff significantly amplify their career self-concept. Moreover, both the service mindset and skill set of cruise staff serve as intermediaries in the nexus between global citizenship, work values, and career identity. Lastly, the service perspective, abilities of cruise staff, and job values are pivotal links between global citizenship views, occupational values, and career recognition. The findings underline the significance of fostering a global outlook, emphasize the alignment of job selections with work values, and accentuate the importance of building service mindsets and capabilities for robust career self-awareness. A dual approach, incorporating global citizenship teachings and skill-building for cruise roles, can help bridge the workforce gap in the cruise sector. In essence, these findings can enlighten cruise companies as they evaluate the community involvement facet of their ESG directives.
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Espinet-Rius, Josep Maria, Modest Fluvià-Font, Ricard Rigall-Torrent, and Anna Oliveras-Corominas. "Cruise tourism: a hedonic pricing approach." European Journal of Management and Business Economics 27, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-11-2017-0053.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect on price of different cruise industry characteristics from the point of view of actual prices. The analysis is carried out from the supply side but taking into account the real prices paid by customers. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the hedonic price methodology. To develop this research, a database of more than 36,000 prices paid by cruise passengers and different characteristics of ships in 2013 was built. To obtain the results, ten models have been developed with significant adjusted R2 of between 0.85 and 0.93 making the models and results robust. Findings The results show that the main attributes affecting prices are the number of nights of the itinerary, the departure date, the number of days before departure the booking is made, the accommodation type and some facilities, such as casinos, cinemas and swimming pools. The results also yield a ranking of ship companies based on price and quality dimensions. Finally, the authors suggest some implications for management and new research. Originality/value This paper offers a new approach in the academic literature of the cruise industry in two respects. First, in its use of a broad database of actual prices paid by passengers – more than 36,000 observations. Second, in the application of the hedonic pricing methodology, widely used in the tourism sector (see the Methodology and Database section) but until now not in the cruising segment.
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Barsocchi, Paolo, Erina Ferro, Davide La Rosa, Atieh Mahroo, and Daniele Spoladore. "E-Cabin: A Software Architecture for Passenger Comfort and Cruise Ship Management." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 4978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224978.
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A cruise ship is a concentrate of technologies aimed at providing passengers with the best leisure experience. As tourism in the cruise sector increases, ship owners turned their attention towards novel Internet of things solutions able, from one hand, to provide passengers with personalized and comfortable new services and, from the other hand, to enable energy saving behaviors and a smart management of the vessel equipment. This paper introduces the E-Cabin system, a software architecture that leverages sensor networks and reasoning techniques and allows a customized cabin indoor comfort. The E-Cabin architecture is scalable and easily extendible; sensor networks can be added or removed, rules can be added to/changed in the reasoner software, and new services can be supported based on the analysis of the collected data, without altering the system architecture. The system also allows the ship manager to monitor each cabin status though a simple and intuitive dashboard, thus providing useful insights enabling a smart scheduling of maintenance activities, energy saving, and security issues detection. This work delves into the E-Cabin’s system architecture and provides some usability tests to measure the dashboard’s efficacy.
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De Lorenzo, Giuseppe, Rosario Marzio Ruffo, and Petronilla Fragiacomo. "Preliminary Design of the Fuel Cells Based Energy Systems for a Cruise Ship." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 9 (September 18, 2023): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14090263.
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Over the years, attention to climate change has meant that international agreements have been drawn up and increasingly stringent regulations aimed at reducing the environmental impact of the marine sector have been issued. A possible alternative technology to the conventional and polluting diesel internal combustion engines is represented by the Fuel Cells. In the present article, the preliminary design of two energy systems based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) fed by bio-methane was carried out for a particular cruise ship. The SOFC systems were sized to separately supply the electric energies required for the ship propulsion and to power the other ship electrical utilities. The SOFC systems operate in nominal conditions at constant load and other electrical storage systems (batteries) cover the fluctuations in the electrical energy demand. Furthermore, the heat produced by the SOFCs is exploited for co-/tri-generation purposes, to satisfy the ship thermal energy needs. The preliminary design of the new energy systems was made using electronic spreadsheets. The new energy system has obtained the primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions reductions of 12.74% and 40.23% compared to the conventional energy system. Furthermore, if bio-methane is used, a reduction of 95.50% could be obtained in net CO2 emissions.
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Khodadadi, Masood. "The emergence of cruise tourism in Iran." Journal of Tourism Futures 4, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-04-2018-0012.
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Purpose Iran is a country with substantial tourism potential. Iran’s tourism industry, however, was side-lined for decades due to international sanctions. The election of President Hassan Rouhani and the subsequent deal on Iran’s nuclear programme (reached on 14 July 2015) has resulted in softening of nuclear-related international sanctions and brought much needed relief to a struggling tourism industry in Iran. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the emergence of cruise tourism—as an attractive option for both domestic and international markets—with the introduction of the Iran’s first cruise ship, named “Sunny”, since the 1979 revolution. Design/methodology/approach This study is a short viewpoint piece based on the author’s interpretation of cruise tourism development in Iran and its future opportunities and challenges. Findings Following the nuclear deal, Iran has seen a substantial growth in inbound tourist numbers and attracted considerable investment in tourism-related infrastructure such as air transport and the hospitality sector. While cruise tourism is and remains an emerging phenomenon in Iran, it is evident that the country has a vested interest in developing this lucrative sector due to the country’s strong domestic market and potential to serve the international market. Originality/value This is an original topic which has never been investigated before. Cruise tourism is an emerging market in Iran and this study sheds new light on this new development. The paper focuses on the historical, current and future development of the tourism industry in Iran with a specific emphasis on cruise tourism.
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Gianni, Marco, Andrea Pietra, and Rodolfo Taccani. "Outlook of future implementation of PEMFC and SOFC onboard cruise ships." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123804004.
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According to third IMO GHG Study shipping is responsible of about 2, 6% of world CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) emissions. The dangerous effect on people is increased because emissions are concentrated in coastal areas. IMO and other bodies are engaged in imposing measures to reduce GHG emissions and improve the overall ship’s energy efficiency. There are many technical and operational improvements that can help to reach these goals, but hydrogen and fuel cells remain one of the best candidates to substantially reduce emissions and fuel consumption. This paper gives an outlook of possible fuel cells applications in the marine sector and analyses the potential of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) for the on-board installation. The analysis shows the advantages that fuel cells can give in terms of emissions reductions and fuel saving, but also highlights some challenges that designers will face when implementing these technologies on a cruise ship. Both PEMFC and SOFC application in the marine sector suffer of the lack of standards and regulations from IMO and Classification Societies and high acquisition cost. While PEMFC are ready for marine application, SOFC are still in a study phase for on-board implementation. Also, the type of fuel used by these generators and the possibility of heat recovery can influence their application on-board cruise ships.
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Bertagna, Serena, Ivan Kouznetsov, Luca Braidotti, Alberto Marinò, and Vittorio Bucci. "A Rational Approach to the Ecological Transition in the Cruise Market: Technologies and Design Compromises for the Fuel Switch." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010067.
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Supporting policies to achieve a green revolution and ecological transition is a global trend. Although the maritime transport of goods and people can rightly be counted among the least polluting sectors, much can be done to further reduce its environmental footprint. Moreover, to boost the ecological transition of vessels, a whole series of international regulations and national laws have been promulgated. Among these, the most impactful on both design and operational management of ships concern the containment of air-polluting emissions in terms of GHG, NOx, SOx and PM. To address this challenge, it might seem that many technologies already successfully used in other transport sectors could be applied. However, the peculiar characteristics of ships make this statement not entirely true. In fact, technological solutions recently adopted, for example, in the automotive sector must deal with the large size of vessels and the consequent large amount of energy necessary for their operation. In this paper, with reference to the case study of a medium/large-sized passenger cruise ship, the use of different fuels (LNG, ammonia, hydrogen) and technologies (internal combustion engines, fuel cells) for propulsion and energy generation on board will be compared. By imposing the design constraint of not modifying the payload and the speed of the ship, the criticalities linked to the use of one fuel rather than another will be highlighted. The current limits of application of some fuels will be made evident, with reference to the state of maturity of the relevant technologies. Furthermore, the operational consequences in terms of autonomy reduction will be presented. The obtained results underline the necessity for shipowners and shipbuilders to reflect on the compromises required by the challenges of the ecological transition, which will force them to choose between reducing payload or reducing performance.
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Bardi, Andrea, Luca Mantecchini, Denis Grasso, Filippo Paganelli, and Caterina Malandri. "Flexible Mobile Hub for E-Bike Sharing and Cruise Tourism: A Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 2, 2019): 5462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195462.
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Bike sharing is no longer a novelty in transportation and has now become a mobility solution in its own right. This study investigated the potential scope of application of e-bike sharing solutions for a niche sector such as cruise tourism, the importance of which is growing, with the aim of improving sustainability and reducing pollution levels in cruise ports. A revealed preference survey was administered to cruise tourists, who chose a pilot e-bike service once they had disembarked from the ship to visit the nearby city center, to investigate the main variables affecting satisfaction with the service under investigation. An ordered probit model was specified and calibrated to identify the relationship among the variables influencing e-bike sharing usage by cruise tourists and their satisfaction. Subsequently, the marginal effect of each significant factor was evaluated to quantify its actual impact on the related e-bike sharing satisfaction level. The results obtained are consistent with the literature, but interesting interpretations are provided in terms of the relative importance of significant variables.
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Aureli, Selena, Renato Medei, Enrico Supino, and Claudio Travaglini. "Sustainability disclosure and a legitimacy crisis: Insights from two major cruise companies." European Journal of Tourism Research 17 (October 1, 2017): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v17i.299.
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The main aim of this paper is to analyse company sustainability disclosure in case of a legitimacy crisis. This work sets out to investigate how the negative externalities of an event reported widely in the media, such as the sinking of the Costa Concordia class cruise ship, have affected sustainability communication, for not only Carnival Corporation & PLC (the parent company of Costa) but also its most direct competitor Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. The paper relies on text analysis focusing on the sustainability reports of the two major companies (in terms of market share) in the cruise sector. Authors compared the reports of Carnival Corporation & PLC and its most direct competitor for a five-year period using text mining techniques. Results indicate that an event with social and environmental negative externalities, dominating international media and capable to bring discredit in the eyes of stakeholders, generates a change in the sustainability communication of both companies. Thus, repercussions are larger than one might suppose. Companies reduced the amount of information disclosed as a strategy to influence the perception of their audience, demonstrating that the provision of justifications, explanations and announcements of new sustainable policies (which increase the quantity of information) is not a predictable reaction. This paper undertakes empirical research on the sustainability reports of cruise line companies - which have been largely overlooked - and contributes to better understand company sustainability reporting praxis after an industrial disaster.
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Xie, H., R. Lei, C. Ke, H. Wang, Z. Li, J. Zhao, and S. F. Ackley. "Summer sea ice characteristics and morphology in the Pacific Arctic sector as observed during the CHINARE 2010 cruise." Cryosphere 7, no. 4 (July 9, 2013): 1057–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1057-2013.
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Abstract. In the summer of 2010, atmosphere–ice–ocean interaction was studied aboard the icebreaker R/V Xuelong during the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE), in the sea ice zone of the Pacific Arctic sector between 150° W and 180° W up to 88.5° N. The expedition lasted from 21 July to 28 August and comprised of ice observations and measurements along the cruise track, 8 short-term stations and one 12-day drift station. Ship-based observations of ice thickness and concentration are compared with ice thickness measured by an electromagnetic induction device (EM31) mounted off the ship's side and ice concentrations obtained from AMSR-E. It is found that the modal thickness from ship-based visual observations matches well with the modal thickness from the mounted EM31. A grid of 8 profiles of ice thickness measurements (four repeats) was conducted at the 12-day drift station in the central Arctic (~ 86°50´ N–87°20´ N) and an average melt rate of 2 cm day−1, primarily bottom melt, was found. As compared with the 2005 data from the Healy/Oden Trans-Arctic Expedition (HOTRAX) for the same sector but ~ 20 days later (9 August to 10 September), the summer 2010 was first-year ice dominant (vs. the multi-year ice dominant in 2005), 70% or less in mean ice concentration (vs. 90% in 2005), and 94–114 cm in mean ice thickness (vs. 150 cm in 2005). Those changes suggest the continuation of ice thinning, less concentration, and younger ice for the summer sea ice in the sector since 2007 when a record minimum sea ice extent was observed. Overall, the measurements provide a valuable dataset of sea ice morphological properties over the Arctic Pacific Sector in summer 2010 and can be used as a benchmark for measurements of future changes.
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Zamperini, Adriano, Antonella Pittella, Cristina Rizzo, Giulia Marangon, Erika Iacona, and Ines Testoni. "Trauma and Distress on a Cruise during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study with Italian and French Tourists." OBM Neurobiology 07, no. 01 (March 10, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301162.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed our daily lives. One of the sectors most affected was tourism and travel – and, more specifically, cruises, given the prolonged time passengers spend with others within the small spaces of the cruise ship. While finding well-organised entertainment opportunities on cruises is possible, emergency conditions may cause panic. On such occasions, reactions can be highly stressful or even traumatic. This research explores the events and emotions experienced by passengers during a cruise ship quarantined for COVID-19. The empirical materials consist of interviews with 15 passengers. The analyses show four thematic areas: fear of contagion, feelings of discrimination, cooperation between passengers and relationship with the crew. The problems during a cruise ship quarantine presented by the passengers in this study reveal the need for psychological preparation for the crew and security personnel. Finally, we suggest that telemedicine and telepsychology are key elements to improve the efficiency of behavioral control on cruise ships and to mitigate the COVID-19 effects on tourists' well-being during a quarantine.
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Ahmad, Sara Mouliza Binti, Nazariah Nazariah, Cut Yusnidar, and Evi Maulida Yanti. "Analisis Return on Equity (ROE) dan Earning Per Share (EPS) Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Sektor Barang Konsumen non primer E512 Sub Sektor Hotel, Resor, dan Kapal Pesiar Di BEI Periode 2017-2021." Jurnal Manajemen STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.35906/jurman.v9i2.1817.
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AbstractThe study aims to examine Return on Equity (ROE) and Earning Per Share (EPS) on stock prices. The population in this study are all companies in the sector of non-primary Consumer Goods E512 in the Hotel, Resort, and Cruise Ship Sub Sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. The sumpling technique used is the non-primary Consumer Goods E512 in the Hotel, Resort, and Cruise Ship Sub Sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period and which publishes financial reports annually. Based on criteria used, the number of symples taken werw 14 companies. This study uses multiple liniear analysis using the SPSS ver.26 application. The results of the study show that: 1) Return on Equity (ROE) has no significant negative effect on stock prices; 2) Earning Per Share (EPS) has no significant negative effect on stock prices; 3) Return on Equity (ROE) and Earning Per Share (EPS) hav no significant negative effect on stock prices. The coeficienct of determination of 0.038 or 3.8% indicates that the dependent variable is stock prices, While the rest 96.2% is influenced by other factors which are considered fixed and not included into this research.Keywords: Return on Equity, Earning Per Share and Stock Prices.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji Return on Equity (ROE) dan Earning Per Share (EPS) terhadap harga saham. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sektor Barang Konsumsi non primer E512 Sub Sektor Hotel, Resort, dan Kapal Pesiar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2021. Teknik sumpling yang digunakan adalah Barang Konsumsi non primer E512 Sub Sektor Hotel, Resort, dan Kapal Pesiar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2021 dan menerbitkan laporan keuangan setiap tahunnya. Berdasarkan kriteria yang digunakan, jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 14 perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis linier berganda dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS ver.26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Return on Equity (ROE) berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap harga saham; 2) Earning Per Share (EPS) berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap harga saham; 3) Return on Equity (ROE) dan Earning Per Share (EPS) tidak berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap harga saham. Koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,038 atau 3,8% menunjukkan bahwa variabel terikatnya adalah harga saham, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 96,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang dianggap tetap dan tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini.Kata Kunci: Return on Equity, Earning Per Share, dan Harga Saham.
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Andrade, Amalina, and Karen A. Smith. "Tourism distribution in small island destinations: the case of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 3, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhti-04-2019-0060.
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Purpose This paper investigates tourism distribution channels in a small island destination with capacity constraints and contributes to understanding distribution in an emerging economy. Using the case of Fernando de Noronha in Brazil, the structures and factors underlying channel choice behaviour of tourism suppliers and intermediaries were investigated. Design/methodology/approach 41 in-depth interviews were conducted with the private sector (tourism suppliers based on Fernando de Noronha and intermediaries, based on the island as well as mainland Brazil) as well as governmental organisations. A stratified purposeful sample was taken to select suppliers and data were examined based on thematic analysis. Findings Both direct and indirect distribution channels are used, with limited airline tickets influencing the suppliers' choice of channels in this small island and capacity-constrained destination. Many suppliers focused on relationships with destination-based ground operators. These local intermediaries are important and extremely relevant to small island destinations building an effective business network to connect the destination to geographically distant markets and intermediaries. Research limitations/implications Limitations include the absence of air and cruise operators as interviewees. Originality/value The paper provides a comprehensive representation of the structures and analysis of tourism distribution channels in fragile small island destinations, specifically, in an emerging country context. This includes emphasising previously unexplored indirect channels of cruise ship operators and supplier's associations.
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S, Thangalakshmi, and Sivasami K. "WASTE-TO-ENERGY: A PROMISING MARITIME TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 6, no. 3 (May 21, 2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v6.i3.2022.327.
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Everything in the world, including the shipping industry, is powered by energy. There are numerous advanced energy-generation strategies, but it would be greatly valued if energy could be consistently derived from ship waste. Waste disposal is a difficult task in the shipping industry, so many studies are being conducted to find better ways to dispose of waste. According to regulatory agencies, India has a large source of both industrial and urban organic waste. The shipping industry, like any other, necessitates massive amounts of energy. On a daily basis, a massive amount of waste is generated, ranging from small crafts to ultra-large vessels (aerobic as well as anaerobic). So, there is a significant opportunity for capturing the energy from these waste, and both the difficulty of waste disposal and the depletion of conventional energy sources can be effectively addressed concurrently. This paper examines various means of generating energy from waste. Furthermore, the current state of Waste-to-Energy (WTE) in our country and around the world is discussed. Motivation/Background: There is a perennial need for energy in all industry. This energy is pivotal in marine sector. There is huge amount of waste disposal into sea and IMO is keen on pollution control and de-carbonization. So, converting the waste serves two purposes viz. pollution control and green energy generation. Method: Various techniques for generating energy from waste had been discussed. Results: Waste-To-Energy is still a relatively unexplored technology in the shipping industry. Large cruise ships generate massive quantities of waste. This in and of itself represents a large avenue for WTE as a source of renewable energy on board ships. There are very few manufacturers venturing into the WTE segment to create power from ship waste. Scanship, a Norwegian ship waste management system manufacturer, has established a system that uses microwave-assisted pyrolysis to transform carbon-based waste generated on ships into biofuels. Conclusions: WTE is also a relatively new concept in the shipping industry. Countries such as Norway, which is successfully operating WTE plants on land, are progressively migrating the technology and paving the way for others. More initiatives like these can radically decrease the amount of waste that ships discharge into the sea, resulting in a more comprehensive ecosystem for all life forms.
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Cerveny, Lee K., Anna Miller, and Scott Gende. "Sustainable Cruise Tourism in Marine World Heritage Sites." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020611.
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Cruise-ship tourism is one of the fastest growing industry sectors, with itineraries that regularly visit marine parks and protected areas. UNESCO Marine World Heritage (MWH) Sites feature some of the world’s most exceptional ecosystems, resulting in some cruise lines targeting these sites. To understand the extent of cruise ship visitation and determine perceptions of cruise ship sustainability within and across environmental, economic, and sociocultural dimensions, we conducted an online survey of 45 (out of 50) sites. The survey included responses about the characteristics of cruise ship visitation, strategies for sustainably managing ships, and ideas for encouraging sustainable practices. Among the 45 respondents, 30 (67%) indicated that their MWH site hosts cruise ships or cruise ship passengers, and 25 sites have cruise ships that enter the protected area marine waters. Most sites (62%) indicated an increase in cruise visitation over the last three years. While most sites regulate ballast water (73%) and wastewater (73%) discharge, common concerns focused on ship air emissions and wildlife interactions. Lack of funds generated by cruise ships toward community infrastructure was noted. MWH site managers expressed interest in developing site networks to facilitate sharing of ideas as a first step for increasing sustainability across all sites.
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Peručić, Doris, and Marijana Greblički. "Key Factors Driving the Demand for Cruising and Challenges Facing the Cruise Industry in the Future." Tourism 70, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37741/t.70.1.6.
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Cruises were the fastest growing sector in the travel industry. The rapid growth in demand was created originally by demand from North America, more recently Europe, and finally the rest of the world, China and Australia in particular. One of the main reasons for the rapid development and growth in popularity of cruises is that the cruise lines were successfully adapting to new travel trends delivering cruise ships with facilities and experiences tailored to the needs of travellers from all market segments. The corona crisis hit the cruise industry heavily and disrupted all plans, schedules and forecasts. This paper aims to analyze which factors were driving the demand for cruising on the world's leading source markets and the challenges facing the industry in a post-pandemic world. The findings show that the rapid growth in demand of cruise tourism was due to several factors, including the long-term growth in consumers’ disposable income, the adaptation of products to the requirements of new source markets and different market segments, more cruise capacity in new regions, and the development of national cruise brands.
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Purnama, Ridwan, and Alfania Riska Pralina. "PENGARUH DIRECT MARKETING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DI RESTORAN THE CENTRUM BANDUNG." Journal : Tourism and Hospitality Essentials Journal 6, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/thej.v6i1.2008.
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The tourism industry is one sector of the economy, is also part of the national development of a nation. Tourism has an effect on the economy of the tourist destination. Indonesia is an archipelago with attractive tourism resources, both natural beauty and variety cultural. Bandung is a city that is always visited by tourists. With the number of tourists coming necessarily have to be balanced with adequate supporting tourism facilities as well as restaurants. The Centrum is one restaurant that has a feel like a cruise ship, to be able to compete with other restaurants The Centrum strive to meet the wishes and needs of guests. The number of purchases at the restaurant The Centrum experiencing fluctuating so does the amount of income. Strategies under taken in improving the purchasing decision one of them is Direct Marketing. This study aimed to obtain findings on direct marketing, purchasing decisions and influence between the two at the restaurant The Centrum. This type of research is descriptive and verification method used is explanatory survey. The sample of 100 respondents with a sampling technique that is systematic random sampling. Data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The independent variable in this study is face to face selling (X1), telemarketing (X2) and online marketing (X3) while the dependent variable is the purchase decision (Y). The results showed that the respondents about direct marketing is generally considered high. There biggest influence on online marketing while telemarketing received the lowest ratings. Responder regarding the purchasing decisions rated. The indicator that received the highest score is the method of payment and that got the lowest score is the number of purchases. Based on testing SPSS 20 shows a correlation between the partial simultaneous and direct marketing to the purchase decision.
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Di Micco, Simona, Mariagiovanna Minutillo, Antonio Forcina, Viviana Cigolotti, and Alessandra Perna. "Feasibility analysis of an innovative naval on-board power-train system with hydrogen- based PEMFC technology." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 07009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131207009.
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The maritime transportation sector is one of the main contributors to global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), hazardous air pollutants, NOX and SOX. In particular, it is estimated that the CO2 emissions in this sector are about 1 Gt every year. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted stringent emission limits in its Tier III regulation, most notably on NOX and SOX emissions and pledged to reach a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from international shipments by at least 50% by the year 2050, compared to 2008 emissions. For emission control areas (ECAs) these requirements are particularly strict and will be difficult to meet with traditional diesel engines and bunker fuels. Therefore, ship owners need to adopt solutions to bring emissions within these and other future limits by means of environmentally friendly fuels and high efficiency propulsion technologies. In this context, hydrogen and fuel cells play a crucial role, thanks to their low criteria pollutant and GHG emission. This paper presents a techno-economic feasibility study for replacing the conventional diesel engine powertrain, usually employed in Ro-Pax ferries, with an innovative system based on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology. The ferry is actually powered by four diesel engines, which deliver a total output of 37.8 MW. The ferry also has two auxiliary engines which give an output of 4.0 MW and also two 2.0 MW bow thrusters for its manoeuvring. The energy analysis has allowed to define the hydrogen consumption for each cruise, as well as the optimal size of the innovative propulsion system. In particular, The PEMFC powertrain is sized at the same maximum power output as the main diesel engine and, thanks to the modular architecture of fuel cells and their flexible performance at partial load, the auxiliary engines are not contemplated. Moreover, in order to identify the best solution in terms of ship’s weight and space requirements, two hydrogen storage solutions based on compressed hydrogen technology and liquefied hydrogen technology, have been analyzed and compared. The economic assessment has been carried out by estimating the CAPEX and OPEX for each H2 storage technology by considering short-term, mid-term and long-term scenarios (from 2020 to 2050).
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Vega-Muñoz, Alejandro, Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda, Nicolás Contreras-Barraza, and Lorena Araya-Silva. "Port Governance and Cruise Tourism." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094877.
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Cruise activities, until 2020, have presented a significant increase in revenue, as well as number of cruises and passengers transported, and it has become a challenge for ports to respond to this demand for services. In response to this, the world’s ports have implemented different governance models. In this context, in this paper, we aim to review the different governance models, as well as port cooperation, competition, and stakeholders. For this purpose, using science metric meta-analysis, an article set is extracted that strictly refers to the governance model of two databases integrated into the Core Collection Web of Science, whose selection process is polished with the PRISMA guidelines, establishing the eligibility criteria of studies using PICOS tool, to which a qualitative meta-analysis is applied. A limited studies set is identified, that includes governance model implementations, private strategies and internalization patterns in the port sector and cruise ships, patterns of port cooperation and governance, governance models in cruise ports, structures and strategies, and changes in the cruise market. Finally, various governance model forms are determined, all documented in the scientific research worldwide, discussing the various components of study topics.
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HANENE, Khouadjia Samiha. "THE COMMITMENT OF CRUISE TOUR OPERATORS TO THE TOURIST SAFETY AND SECURITY IN THE ALGERIAN LAW (COMPARATIVE STUDY)." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 06 (July 1, 2021): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.6-3.7.
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Marine transport has developed worldwide. As a result, the design of passenger ships has improved since they are considered the main residence location of passengers and tourists. Thus, ships have become floating hotels, where recreational activities, leisure and celebrations are found. This has turned cruise tours have into a lucrative business. Alongside the boom that marine tourism has witnessed as one of the most dynamic sectors in the tourism industry, tragic events, that cannot be ignored, took place. One of these events was the sinking of the Costa Concordia cruise ship in 2012 that caused many deaths and injuries among passengers and tourists on board. This event evokes the question of the responsibility of cruise tour operators, its range and its limits. In contrast with the Egyptian and French laws that distinguish between the responsibility system of the tour operator and that of the marine transporter, the Algerian law does not make any distinction between the two systems, resulting in legal shortcomings in the case of damage that affects tourists. This latter is subject to the marine transporter legal system concerning commitment and responsibility, where the damage must be in relation to the use of the ship, which implies that bodily and material damages are not included, resulting in the decrease in the protection expectation level of the tourist consumer. In addition to the above, the lack of a distinction between the two responsibility systems leads to the multiplication of law sources and to the difficulty of its legal characterization that helps in determining the responsibility of the professionals held responsible for the tourist safety and committed to their security.
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Sprague-Silgado, Jeb. "The Caribbean Cruise Ship Business and the Emergence of a Transnational Capitalist Class." Journal of World-Systems Research 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 93–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2017.623.
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This paper will provide an overview of the fundamental changes that the cruise ship business has undergone with the emergence of capitalist globalization and in the context of the Caribbean region. Rising profits and investments in tourism during the later decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century have been an important part of the globalizing economy. This has been a consequence of both the major technological and organizational developments of global capitalism, but also, and most importantly, of the global system’s changing social and class relations. The shifting social relations and productive activities that undergird the cruise ship business have meant gains for some involved, most especially, transnational capitalists, and exploitative and contradictory dynamics for many others. Annually millions of tourists from high consuming sectors worldwide partake in brief holiday escapes aboard cruise ship vessels. At the same time, the cruise ship business has become an oligopoly, controlled by a handful of large companies, that has driven many competitors out of business or acquiried them. Labor in the business has become more flexibilized, with low-wage workers (from a variety of nationalities) whose activities are increasingly standardized, monitored and micro-managed. While moving away from indicative development planning (with an eye to national goals), state policymakers in the Caribbean, for their own social reproduction, increasingly promote the interests of transnational capital such as with the cruise ship business. Importantly, labor and environmental protections have been stymied as the cruise ship companies, adept at public relations and skirting regulations, remain largely unaccountable.
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Yoon, Yeohyun, and Kyoung Cheon Cha. "A Qualitative Review of Cruise Service Quality: Case Studies from Asia." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 8073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198073.
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Although the cruise sector is considered an ‘unreplaceable’ form of tourism, with the cruise industry recording steady growth over the years, there is a lack of research and analysis on cruise ships themselves. Accordingly, this study sought to determine whether service quality differences among ships operating in the Asian market could suggest broader implications for the sustainability of the cruise industry. We chose the SERVQUAL framework for the analysis; we also employed the multiple case study method and topic synthesis to compare the service quality of three ships. Of the ships investigated—the Costa Victoria, Diamond Princess, and Superstar Virgo—the Diamond Princess had the highest service quality. Based on the results, we outlined suggestions for improving the quality of cruise services, including introducing the latest large ships and high-tech facilities, complying with the departure and arrival times of sailing schedules, improving the ratio of crew members per passenger, establishing a cruise personnel training system, and expanding membership program operations.
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Uran Maravić, Maja, Daniela Gračan, and Željko Zirdum. "Assessing impact of cruising tourism in Slovenia." Pomorstvo 31, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.31.1.5.
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This paper aims at presenting cruise tourism in Slovenia. Slovenia has a small coastal strip (46 km), which is the reason why there are only a limited number of ports. The only passenger terminal for large cruise ships is located in the Port of Koper. Cruise tourism started in Slovenia in 2015. Since the beginning, the number of cruise ships has grown substantially. The aim of the study is to investigate the impacts of cruise tourism in the city of Koper, as perceived by local tourism stakeholders. The results have shown that there is still a strong support to develop this sector of tourism.
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Savchenko, Alexander, and Tatiana Borodina. "The Role of Cultural Tourism in Development of Depressed Regions in Russia: The Case of Plyos, Ivanovo Region." European Countryside 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 384–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0021.
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AbstractThe article analyzes the impact of cultural tourism on the development of municipalities in depressed regions through case-study of the small town Plyos in Ivanovo oblast in Russia. The town-planning composition of Plyos is determined by the Volga river and the complex highly rugged relief. The unique combination of architecture and natural landscape makes the town and its surroundings attractive for cultural tourism development. The connection between the development of culture and tourism in Plyos has been noted since the beginning of the 1970s. Since then, from decade to decade, these spheres have constantly strengthened each other’s development. A number of market factors have been identified for effective involvement of historical heritage and cultural landscape in various types of cultural tourism and their transformation into a resource for sustainable development of the settlement. These market factors can be summarized into three groups: marketing, institutional and investment. The bet on market-based and diversified development of cultural tourism made by the authorities of the municipality and the region in 2005 has produced significant positive results by 2020. The structure of cultural tourism in Plyos has changed qualitatively, and the importance of event and creative tourism has grown significantly. Over the past 4–5 years, the tourist flow has changed radically in the direction of a significant increase in the share of individual and most solvent categories of tourists. Increasing the duration of cruise ship stay and lengthening the period of attendance in Plyos for individual tourists provides an increase in the load of tourist infrastructure in the summer season, and the boom in expensive seasonal real estate and the expansion of the offer of services for types of tourism related to cultural, contribute to leveling the seasonal load. However, these successes have a downside, when Plyos is an “island of prosperity” in the “economic desert” of its depressed regional environment. There are several ways in which it is possible to influence the development of a depressive surroundings. For the Ivanovo region, Plyos acts as a “point of entry” for investments in the tourism sector, a promoter of all-Russian events in the field of cultural tourism and a market place for products of local producers, including products of world-famous art crafts.
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Suárez, Esperanza, Lourdes Susaeta, and Frank Babinger. "Organization and Challenges of the Human Resources Function in a Cruise Ship Company." Tourism in Marine Environments 15, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427320x15833208921145.
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Since the Maritime Labor Convention (MLC) came into force, cruise line companies have been required to make human resource (HR) organizational changes in order to comply with the corresponding rules on employees' rights. This article offers an overview of the role and organization of HR in the Spanish cruise line company Pullmantur. This research suggests that cruise HR managers face greater challenges, compared to those of other sectors, not only because of the specific regulations affecting cruise line companies, but also because of the complexity of the processes from recruitment to incorporation. Pullmantur's case illustrates a particular way of organizing the HR planning and assignment of its personnel, reflected in their Crew Cycle Life (CCL). After having reviewed different documents as well as interviews carried out with Pullmantur's HR management, this article describes and examines the different positions, functions, and responsibilities of HR "on ship and shore." It concludes that HR's function within a cruise ship company is more stressful and complex, but at the same time, more vibrant and challenging than in other industries.
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Galiy, V. A., S. N. Ivanischev, and V. N. Bukriy. "Mathematical Model for Solving Problem of Target Allocation of Antiaircraft Fire Weapons in AD Contour of Surface Ship (in AD System of Group of Ships) in Case of Attack Threat and Repelling Attacks of Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles." Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M.T. Kalashnikova 25, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2022-2-23-33.
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The improvement of the algorithms of processing information and controlling of weapons systems in combination with their automation, which can significantly reduce time from the moment of detection of air targets to their destruction, is a promising direction in organizing of building and effective combat use of such complex systems as the contour of antiaircraft defense (AD) of a single surface ship and the AD system of a group of the surface ships. The transition to the creation and use of the precision-guided long-range munition, e.g. anti-ship missiles (AShM), allows to destroy ships from remote lines without entering the zone of the fighter aircraft action and reach of the antiaircraft missile system. When repelling attacks of anti-ship cruise missiles, a poor-quality solution of the problem of the target allocation of the antiaircraft fire weapons of a ship (group of ships) does not allow to realize the combat capabilities of the AD contour (system) as a whole, which leads to a loss of combat capability of the ship (ships). The main difference between the proposed mathematical model for solving the target allocation problem and those implemented in the combat information and controlling systems of the surface ships is the fact that it provides the possibility of evaluating own antiaircraft fire weapons and enemy’s AShM when developing an optimal target allocation plan based on a detailed account of the AShM detection range, coordination of the destruction zones, sectors of fire, lines of the implementation of the AShM tasks, mutual security measures, electromagnetic compatibility of the electronic means, i.e. taking into account the existing zones of the destruction of the antiaircraft fire weapons, as well as solving the problem of the target allocation in time. The solution of the task is carried out both directly during the antiaircraft combat, and in the case of the attack threat of the AShM. In its turn, the last one makes it possible to optimize building of the antiaircraft fire covering system and the AD system of both a single surface ship and the group of the surface ships as a whole, and to optimize the solution of the target allocation problem, in particular. The presented mathematical model and the algorithm and program developed on its basis can be recommended after appropriate modification for inclusion in both automated combat control systems and respectively combat information and control systems of connections of surface ships and single ships, that allows to solve the problem of the target allocation on a time scale close to real.
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PAPADOPOULOU, Georgia. "Motivational Attributes and Factors Affecting Spending of Cruisers in the Greek Islands." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 6 (September 13, 2020): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v11.6(46).01.
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This paper focuses on the motivational attributes of Europeans and North Americans experiencing a cruise trip to Greece and the factors affecting spending at the transit ports and on the cruise ship. Tourists from Europe and North America are motivated to cruise in Greece for various reasons. Some of the motivational factors that influence cruise touring destinations included pricing, self-fulfillment, shopping, security, culture, and the availability of social and economic amenities. The tourism industry is one of the critical sectors that directly impact the international economy, not counting the economy of the preferred destinations. Other attributes that motivate the European and North American cruising tourists to experience a cruising trip in Greece included fair pricing of the commodities, availability of social, recreational, and economic amenities that improves the quality of life of the travelers. Local authorities are encouraged to invest more in projects that support cruising in Greece and security to ensure that the foreign tourists are more motivated to cruise in Greece.
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Nezdoyminov, S. G., and O. I. Milashovska. "River travel as a direction for the development of tourism in Ukraine." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, no. 1 (April 21, 2019): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111916.
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This article explores the present state of the functioning of the market of water travel, which influences the development of the sphere of recreation and tourism in Ukraine. The internal connections between problems of modernization of the river transport sector and processes of activation of the operation of tourism business entities are revealed. It is established that in Ukraine tourist transportation by river is declining within the boundaries of the country and the freight market of cruise ships of Ukrainian shipping companies is shrinking. There is a decrease in passenger traffic in the tourist market of Zaporizhzhya, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Odessa regions and in Ukraine as a whole, compared to 2005, by almost seven times. It is determined that the market of European cruise services increases the volume of tourist trips by inland waterways due to the construction of river liners and investment in port infrastructure. The main factors that negatively influence the development of river travel in Ukraine are analyzed; the most important are the lack of budgetary financial resources and foreign investments aimed at modernizing the tourist infrastructure by the construction of a river cruise and smalltonnage passenger fleet. Future directions of development of river trips and cruise tourism on the main waterways of Ukraine are proposed. The emphasis is placed on the necessity to develop a set of measures that ensure the activation of tourist traffic in river transport enterprises in the regions of Ukraine, the formation of an attractive climate for investment in the market for river cruises. It is determined that the introduction of modern instruments for managing tourist traffic on water transport requires the development of program measures for the revival of river passenger transport, modernization of tourist infrastructure. Development of river tourist trips in Ukraine will be facilitated by the development of a strategy for modernization of river ports and the construction of modern river passenger transport, the development of the freight market, attracting investment by international cruise companies and Ukrainian tour operators on the basis of public-private partnership. It is necessary to provide state support to domestic companies that carry out modernization and construction of new-generation passenger ships and small-tonnage passenger fleets to provide regional water transportation of tourists, their recreational services, to develop tourist trips and transportation on the Dnieper and the Danube, as well as water tourist routes between coastal tourist centres of the Black Sea.
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GONZÁLEZ, ANITA. "Megaship Economies and Transnational Maritime Performance." Theatre Research International 39, no. 3 (September 16, 2014): 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883314000467.
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Maritime performance inherently links to economies of commerce. Its history and practices reorient theatre within broad frames of transnationalism. Maritime performances – theatre, music and dance activities on ships, along shipping routes or within port environments – immerse participants in interactive cultural play. This article uses the lens of the cruise industry as a microcosmic study of identity formation through maritime performance praxis. Performances at sea enable roleplaying of passengers and crewmembers, activating all sectors of the ship. Collectively sea acts pass time, provide a forum for recognition of talent, and allow for cultural exchanges across social boundaries. The maritime subject considers the port as a temporary layover point before the next long journey. For maritime performers, notions of voyage and destination invert. Knowledge travels in circles when performers ride ocean currents and old histories resurface within contemporary practices. Megaships support performance economies where the voyage dominates even as economies of power persist.
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Verma, Bhumika, and Sameer Sharma. "IMPROVING THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF CRUISE TERMINALS IN INDIA." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27124.
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India's potential for cruise tourism is obvious, given its 7,000 kilometres of coastline and extensive network of lakes and rivers that remain unexplored. However, India is relatively low on the global cruise tourist map due to a lack of infrastructure. The explanations are numerous and frequently covered at all travel conferences. The government has made grand statements about its infrastructure expenditures, but the nation's cruise sector believes there has been little real commitment. For the cruise industry to flourish, infrastructure is crucial. Sadly, according to Vivian Peres, Director of Ventours International Travel, a cruise tourist tour provider, India does not have it. "In major ports like Mumbai, the infrastructure will collapse if two ships call there each day. In terms of the infrastructure amenities for cruise passengers, cruise terminals compete with one another on a global scale. We still have a long way to go as a nation," said Peres. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the necessary infrastructure improvements for cruise terminals in the context of India, with the ultimate goal of developing both cruise terminals and cruise tourism in the country. The main areas of infrastructure development that could be taken into consideration for cruise terminals in India are outlined in this paper.
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Gračan, Daniela. "The Role Of Strategic Management In The Cruising Tourism Market Offer." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 51, no. 1 (March 2016): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2016.51.07.
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In the mid-70s of the last century, due to changes in the marketing strategy and repositioning of the entire sector on the market, the demand for cruise tourism experienced growth. One of the reasons for the relatively rapid development of the market of cruise tourism was conquering new segments of consumers and the development of new concepts of cruise that offers rest and relaxation with a variety of activities and entertainment on board. Cruising has evolved into a major worldwide corporate business, and the dynamic changes in the reorganization of major cruise corporation went up with the high growth rates in demand on the world cruise market. The main objective of the reorganization of these large corporations is contained in adapting to the needs of tourists on cruise ships, trying to adjust the offer to growing demand - to its multi-functional and multi-disciplinary nature. Today, the dominating business and scientific-economic concept is a marketing approach in which the consumer-tourist is in the center of attention.
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Arranz, Alfonso. "Initial Approach to Safety on Cruises Ships: Structure of the Sector." TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 12, no. 4 (2018): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.12.04.15.
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Kotrikla, Anna Maria, and Evangelia Chortatsiani. "Environmental Sustainability in the Cruise Industry." Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 9, no. 4. S2 (December 20, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s212.
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Cruise shipping is currently one of the fastest growing segments in the tourism sector and creates a significant environmental impact. The aims of this study are a) to investigate what are the main environmental issues faced by the cruise ships and which measures are taken or foreseen to address the problems, b) to explore the passengers’ attitudes towards environmental protection and the companies’ drivers to adopt pro-environmental measures. Data were collected by reviewing the sustainability reports of the main cruise companies and by interviewing three environmental officers that work at the industry. The results showed that there is a trend in employing LNG to address climate change and air pollution. The energy efficiency is further improved with measures such as shore-side electricity, gas-turbines, waste-heat recovery, air lubrication etc. A substantial percentage of ships is equipped with EGCS to address SO2 and PM emissions. Campaigns to reduce single use plastics and saving water and the use of Advanced Wastewater System are also measures to reduce the environmental footprint of cruise shipping. The passengers are informed about the rules and regulations and generally comply with them. According to EO’s opinion, they probably would not pay more for a cruise to support a green program. Also, the companies adopt pro-environmental measures to fully comply with regulations but also to protect the local environment (i.e. flora, fauna), the health of the locals and the local economy.
Received: 21 September 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
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Lütkenhaus, Carolin. "Work–Life Balance on Board Cruise Ships: A Survey on Crew Members' Well-being." Tourism in Marine Environments 15, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427320x15833169859482.
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The cruise industry is a still-growing tourism sector in need for many personnel. However, criticism regarding the working and living conditions on board cruise vessels is a frequently seen topic in the news as well as in research literature. The well-being of the people running the floating hotel resorts is a critical success factor for the industry. Recently, the topic of employee well-being is bonded to concepts of work–life balance. There is rarely any literature on this topic with regard to the cruise industry. This research aims at examining whether the concept of work–life balance is applicable to working and living on board, as well as finding out the extent to which the critically discussed characteristics of this unique environment relate to well-being. To meet the aim of this study an online survey was conducted. It was spread on social networks to reach former and current employees of different cruise lines and was closed with a sample of 212 respondents. The study revealed that all chosen factors, including the ones often criticized, are related to the work–life balance of crew members on board. The only factor that was not a significant predictor of well-being was the multicultural environment employees are living and working in. The overall work–life balance on board was positively rated by the survey's participants.
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Nolich, Massimiliano, Daniele Spoladore, Sara Carciotti, Raol Buqi, and Marco Sacco. "Cabin as a Home: A Novel Comfort Optimization Framework for IoT Equipped Smart Environments and Applications on Cruise Ships." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 2, 2019): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051060.
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The international tourism competition poses new challenges to the cruise sector, such as the achievement of the tourists’ satisfaction and the increase in on board comfort. Moreover, the growing sophistication of tourists’ needs leads to a more user-centric touristic offer. Consequently, a personalized cabin environment, which fits the users’ activities and their characteristics, could be a plus value during the cruise vacation. These topics, however, are strictly connected with the diffusion of digital technologies and dynamics, which represent the tools to achieve the goal of a customized on-cruise experience. This paper presents E-Cabin, a novel Internet of Things (IoT) framework architecture that has at its core a reasoning system tuned on data gathered from the environment and from each specific passenger and the activities he/she performs. The framework leverages on knowledge representation with ontologies and consists of a publisher–subscriber communication framework that allows all of the IoT applications to use the reasoner and the provided ontologies. The paper demonstrates the proposed system in a demo cruise cabin where, by using the E-Cabin application, it is possible to set various atmospheres based on the users and activities occurring in the cabin.