Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cruel and degrading treatment

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cruel and degrading treatment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cruel and degrading treatment"

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Haydarov, Jaloliddin. "Qualification of crimes of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment." Tsul legal report 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.lr.3.1./jstf1453.

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The study provides, giving a detailed legal definition of the criminal structure of crimes of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, comparative and legal analysis of national and foreign legislation on liability for torture and related crimes with the usage of international conventions, qualification of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. In addition, clear and detailed proposals have been put forward to improve the legislation, in particular the Criminal Code, through the study of international experience and norms of international law. A number of recommendations have been developed for a fundamental improvement in law enforcement practice, with an analytical and legal analysis of existing shortcomings in the legal system based on the results of data on cases of torture. With this topic it is clarified the composition of crimes related to torture and other illegal treatment or punishment. The subjective and objective sides of the crime and the basis of qualification, as well as its problems on qualifying the crime are clearly defined
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Babatunde, Elkanah. "Torture by the Nigerian Police Force: International Obligations, National Responses and the Way Forward." Strathmore Law Review 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slr.v2i1.99.

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Police brutality has become rife in Nigeria and is regarded by some as a normal part of police operations. This is despite the fact that the Nigerian Constitution provides for the guarantee of the right to dignity and the protection against torture and inhuman or degrading treatment. Nigeria is also party to some international treaties such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights which expressly prohibit torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. This raises the question whether police brutality in Nigeria amounts to torture and / or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and whether the existing legal framework sufficiently prevents and punishes the perpetrators of these acts.
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Başoğlu, Metin, Maria Livanou, and Cvetana Crnobarić. "Torture vs Other Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment." Archives of General Psychiatry 64, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.277.

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Danelius, Hans. "Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment." Nordic Journal of International Law 58, no. 2 (1989): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181089x00046.

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Voichenko, Valerii, Volodymyr Mishalov, Valerii Viun, and Davyd Valyakhmetov. "Forensic medical evaluation manifestations infliction of torture and torture and effective ways of fixation documented in the «Istanbul protocol»." Forensic-medical examination, no. 1 (May 29, 2017): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2017.6.

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In the article the forensic evaluation of certain manifestations of torture and infliction of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading Degrading Treatment or Punishment and effective ways of fixing the documentary under the provisions of «Istanbul Protocol».
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Girfanova, Jelena. "THE PROHIBITION OF TORTURE, CRUEL OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT IN CLOSED INSTITUTIONS." Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no. 91 (December 11, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i89.4411.

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In the paper “The prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment in closed Institutions” the author has examined the obxervasnce of persons’ in detention, custody or imprisonment human rights in the European regional acts and national instruments as well as the provision of health care for detainees and convicted persons alike.All basic human rights’ documents, namely: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the United Nations and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms state that “no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, degrading his or her human dignity”. All persons who have been punished, regardless of the crimes for which they were convicted, have the right to humane treatment and respect for their personality. No actions of people, whatever they may be, justify the inhuman treatment of them or the humiliation of their personality.
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Arcel, Libby Tata. "TORTURE, CRUEL, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING TREATMENT OF WOMEN - Psychological consequences." Psyke & Logos 22, no. 1 (July 31, 2001): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v22i1.8530.

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Artiklen diskuterer køns-specifikke torturformer, tværkulturelt, set fra et Menneskerettighedsperspektiv. Den diskuterer hovedsageligt sexuel tortur og grov, umenneskelig og nedværdigende behandling af kvinder udført af statslige magtudøvere, som politi og fængselsfunktionærer i mange kulturer. De seneste udviklinger i internationale love om kvinders menneskerettigheder som de udtrykkes i FN strategier beskrives og diskuteres. Derudover diskuterer artiklen årsagerne bag den totale straffrihed for udøvere af massiv sexuelt misbrug af kvinder under WW2, og opridser de seneste mentalitetsforandringer i opfattelsen af voldtægt af kvinder fra statslige magtudøveres side. I dag anerkendes voldtægt som tortur ifølge FN’s Konvention mod tortur. De fysiske og psykologiske konsekvenser af sexuelt misbrug opsummeres og artiklen foreslår en række forebyggende foranstaltninger på lovmæssigt, institutionelt, civilsamfunds -og individuelt niveau. Nobody asks a male torture victim whether he has consented to torture but the issue of consent is always present when a woman wants to reveal that she has been sexually abused by an official.
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Ustinchenko, Ihor, Volodymyr Mishalov, and Valerii Voichenko. "Case of victim torture in forensic expert practice." Forensic-medical examination, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2021.11.

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The article contains a case of causing violent acts, namely torture, which corresponds to the section «Physical evidence of torture» of the «Istanbul Protocol». The morphological manifestations of bodily injuries are given, which are sufficiently informative for their further assessment by law enforcement agencies as manifestations of torture and torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. Aim of the work. Forensic medical characteristics of morphological manifestations of bodily injury as manifestations of torture and torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. Material and methods. The material of the research was the archival data of the Luhansk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination. Well-known forensic and statistical research methods were used. Results. During the forensic examination of the corpse of gr. There were at least 100 injuries in the form of numerous bruises, bruises, wounds, a strangulation furrow on the neck, and changes in the anus. Conclusion. Revealed during the forensic medical examination of the corpse of gr. M. at least 100 bodily injuries in the form of numerous abrasions, bruises, wounds, a strangulation groove on the neck and changes in the anus were identified by law enforcement agencies as manifestations of torture and torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment in accordance with the section «Physical evidence torture» of the «Istanbul Protocol».
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Wright, Kevin N., and David L. Cingranelli. "Inhumane, cruel, and degrading treatment of criminal prisoners throughout the world." Justice Quarterly 2, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418828500088601.

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Ustinchenko, Ihor. "A case of torture of a victim in forensic practice." Forensic-medical examination, no. 1 (May 29, 2017): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2017.28.

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Speaking about violent actions, torture of other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment under the Istanbul Protocol, we bring a specific case from the practice of forensic medical examination of the Luhansk regional bureau.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cruel and degrading treatment"

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Mokhtari, Ali. "Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82665.

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Is it an activity qualified as torture only when it is carried out for certain purposes? At the heart of the debate lies the question of whether or not corporal punishment is a form of torture. Aspects of corporal punishment remain acceptable according certain religious traditions. An example of this is found in traditional Islamic law, which has banned both torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, when used for the express purpose of obtaining confessions or information. In other circumstances, however, severe corporal punishment is acceptable in Islamic law. As a result, some Islamic states whose domestic law is rooted in traditional Islamic law, justify their use of torture by invoking Islamic traditions: they claim that corporal punishment is derived from God's will. These states tend to consider its use as lawful sanctions, and it is made legal under their domestic law. In this paper, Iran is studied as one such state.
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Welch, Gita B. Honwana. "The prohibition of torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment in international law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358633.

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Prasanna, Tanusri. "Normative underpinnings of the proscription of removals risking torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669705.

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Rudhe, Julia. "Mechanical restraint in psychiatric healthcare facilities : A helpful tool, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in disguise?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-195116.

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The use of mechanical restraint is a common practice in psychiatric care, often defended by medical necessity but seldom questioned from a human rights perspective. The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate under which circumstances mechanical restraint by bed through belt fixation could amount to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Persons with psychosocial disabilities are in a particularly vulnerable situation and as the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is the most comprehensive rights framework for this group, it has been discussed whether the CRPD sets out additional safeguards in relation to restraint.  A legal doctrinal approach is the basic methodology used in order to outline the current international and European legal framework on torture and other ill-treatment and disability rights. A survivor-controlled research methodology has been applied and to amplify other voices of persons with firsthand experience of being mechanically restrained, interviews have been conducted with persons from Sweden and Spain. Healthcare professionals have also been interviewed. A feminist perspective on the law is applied.  Different international conventions and bodies of the United Nations have diverse interpretations on what acts or omissions that amount to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, although there is an aim and will to streamline the conventions. It is clear that the use of mechanical restraint can create such intense mental or physical suffering required to reach the common criterion of seriousness. However, some people do not experience the required levels of suffering for it to be considered torture, meaning that it might not amount to torture but rather other ill-treatment. The threshold for being considered torture according to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) seems to be somewhat higher than that of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). In this thesis it was found that the most critical element for this is the requirement of intent. Intent can however be implied under certain circumstances if the practice is of discriminatory nature. If a person has a psychosocial disability, intent might be presumed if States do not provide appropriate health care. In the case of girls and women, intent might also be presumed since they seem to have a higher risk of getting restrained for unlawful reasons.  The main conclusion in this thesis is that mechanical restraint by bed through belt fixation could amount to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment according to the UNCAT, ICCPR and ECHR.
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Ackermann, Marilize. "An assessment of South Africa's obligations under the United Nations Convention against torture." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2638.

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Magister Legum - LLM
I attempt to analyze South Africa's legal position pertaining to torture, in relation to the international legal framework. Since it has been established that torture and cruel inhuman and degrading treatment (CIDT) usually occur in situations where persons are deprived of personal liberty, I examine legislation, policies and practices applicable to specific places of detention, such as correctional centres, police custody, repatriation centers, mental health care facilities and child and youth care centers. I establish that although South Africa has ratified the UNCAT and is a signatory to the OPCAT, our legal system greatly lacks in structure and in mechanisms of enforcement, as far as the absolute prohibition and the prevention of torture and other forms of cruel and degrading treatment or punishment are concerned. I submit that South Africa has a special duty to eradicate torture, since many of its citizens and several of its political leaders are actually victims of torture, who suffered severe ill treatment under the apartheid regime. I argue that the South African legal system is sufficiently capable of adopting a zero-tolerance policy toward torture and to incorporate this with the general stance against crime. In many respects, South Africa is an example to other African countries and should strongly condemn all forms of human rights violations, especially torture, since acts of torture are often perpetrated by public officials who abuse their positions of authority. I conclude by making submissions and recommendations for law reform, in light of the obstacles encountered within a South African context.
South Africa
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Saffrey-Mayger, Richard George. "An assessment of the United Kingdom's implementation of the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16008.

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This thesis will assess the United Kingdom’s implementation of the United Nations Convention Against Torture and other Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment. It will first focus on a contextual analysis of the problem of torture, examining the circumstances in which it has historically been used, philosophical and theoretical perspectives on the practice and the political aspects of torture, including its effect on international relations. This will illustrate the circumstances in which torture is used, the motivation behind it and the way in which it affects its victims. The argument will then be made that, in view of the uniquely grave nature of the practice of torture, it is insufficient for States to merely criminalise it and punish the offenders. They must actively seek to eradicate it from society and ultimately prevent it from occurring. It is against this aim that the thesis will examine the compliance of the United Kingdom with its obligations under the Convention. This examination will look first at the international regime for the prevention of torture, focusing on the work of the United Nations Committee Against Torture. The engagement of the United Kingdom with this body will be explored in detail and the argument made that more needs to be done in order to ensure that the Committee’s recommendations are put into effect and that treatment contrary to the Convention is prevented from taking place. The final part of the thesis will assess the United Kingdom’s State practice with a focus on key institutions of the State including the courts and the legislature. This part of the thesis will seek to explore the extent to which the practices of these institutions is consistent with an overall aim of preventing torture and the extent to which they show awareness of the Convention and its requirements of the Convention in the discharge of their functions. The conclusion will be drawn that, while the Human Rights Act has gone some way towards improving compliance, more needs to be done to insure a complete implementation by the United Kingdom of its obligations under the Convention and full prevention of torture. The State must actively engage with the Committee and the organs of the State must consider the Convention Against Torture in the discharge of all of their functions to ensure that these aims are achieved.
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Mukherjee, Amrita. "The United Nations charter and treaty based monitoring mechanisms in relation to the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment : a study of two states, the United Kingdom and the Republic of India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415863.

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Sheie, Marc A. "The Evolution of Warfare, the Laws of War, and the Ethical Implications of U.S. Detainee Policy in the Global War on Terror and Beyond." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/55221.

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Approved for public release
The atrocities committed by Americans at Abu Ghraib shocked the collective American moral conscience. Guilty of inhumane treatment of its prisoners there, Abu Ghraib did immeasurable damage to U.S. credibility and made clear that American detainee policy is off-track and needs to comply with objective standards of law, morality, and operational effectiveness. The emotional aftermath of 9/11 created a politically permissive environment within which the military organizational structures was unsuited for the critical tasks assigned to them relative to the context of the Bush Administration’s “new paradigm.” Two issues sit at the forefront of the political context of U.S. detainee policy: war powers and human rights. This thesis will utilize a synthesized decision-making model to analyze the President’s decisions leading to the current detainee policy. Policy alternatives require smaller corrections to bureaucratic process, not a major reorganization of bureaucratic structure. This thesis will provide policy-makers with a moral and legal framework for a corrected detainee policy. Adoption of the full framework of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including U.S. ratification of Additional Protocols I and II (1977), provides the best framework to combat transnational insurgency, while retaining the moral and legal high ground required of the world’s superpower.
Major, United States Air Force
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Kaosala, Vipada. "L'application interne du principe de non-refoulement : exemples français et canadien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1008.

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La France a mis en place en juillet 2015 une réforme en vue de transposer le nouveau « paquet asile » européen alors que le Canada a renforcé depuis décembre 2012 ses procédures d’asile en adoptant des changements ayant essentiellement pour objet de lutter contre les abus du système d’asile canadien. En s’orientant vers des politiques dissimulées visant les expulsions expéditives des demandeurs d’asile déboutés et des personnes indignes de la protection, la France et le Canada, connus en tant que terre d’asile, respectent-ils toujours leur obligation international du non-refoulement ? Cette thèse s’appuie sur les lois en vigueur des deux États notamment le Code de l’entrée et du séjour des étrangers et du droit d’asile (France) et la Loi sur l’immigration et la protection des réfugiés (Canada), les jurisprudences nationales et internationales, et les textes internationaux. Elle met en lumière les pratiques et législations nationales relatives à l’octroi de l’asile et à l’éloignement des demandeurs d’asile et des réfugiés qui peuvent ou pourraient porter atteinte au principe de non-refoulement, tel que consacré par le droit international des réfugiés ainsi que par le droit international des droits de l’homme
In July 2015, France adopted an asylum reform bill in order to transpose the EU asylum legislative package. In comparison, Canada has, since 2012, strengthened its national asylum procedures by introducing a number of changes with the objective of preventing the abuse of Canada’s inland refugee determination system. In moving towards hidden policies aimed at the efficiency of removals of failed refugee claimants and persons unworthy of international protection, are France and Canada, known as safe havens, respecting their international obligations of Non-Refoulement ? This thesis focuses on the laws in force in both States in particular the Code of the Entry and Stay of Foreigners and Asylum Law (France) and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Canada), national and international jurisprudence, and other relevant international documents. The present study aims at highlighting the national legislations and practices relating to the grant of asylum and the expulsion of asylum seekers and refugees which violate or could violate the Principle of Non-Refoulement as enshrined in both International Refugee Law and International Human Rights Law
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Dzurec, David J. III. "“An Entertaining Narrative of…Cruel and Barbarous Treatment”: Captivity, Narrative, and Debate in the Early American Republic 1775-1816." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1210690323.

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Books on the topic "Cruel and degrading treatment"

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Adler, Michael. Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment? Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9.

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Amnesty International. United Kingdom: Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment : detention of Róisín McAliskey. London: Amnesty International, 1997.

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Section, Amnesty International Dutch, and Codesria, eds. Monitoring and investigating torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and prison conditions. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Amnesty International, 2000.

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Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office., ed. Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. London: H.M.S.O., 1985.

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Human Rights Commission of Pakistan., ed. UN convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment. Lahore: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, 1996.

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Geraldine, Van Bueren, ed. Childhood abused: Protecting children against torture, cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment and punishment. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1998.

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Canada. Dept. of External Affairs. Human rights: Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of punishment. S.l: s.n, 1989.

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights., ed. Combating torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment: The role of the OSCE. Warsaw, Poland: OSCE/ODIHR, 1998.

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National Human Rights Commission (Bangladesh), ed. The convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment: A study on Bangladesh compliance. Dhaka: National Human Rights Commission, Bangladesh, 2013.

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Instrucción general para la investigación del delito de tortura, Ministerio Publico de Guatemala; protocolo de Estambul; convención contra la tortura y otros tratos crueles, inhumanos o degradanted; convención interamericana para prevenir y sancionar la tortura. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala: Instituto de Estudios Comparados en Ciencias Penales de Guatemala, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cruel and degrading treatment"

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Adler, Michael. "Introduction." In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_1.

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Adler, Michael. "Benefit Sanctions and the Rule of Law." In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 129–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_10.

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Adler, Michael. "What, if anything, can be done about Benefit Sanctions?" In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 137–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_11.

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Adler, Michael. "Conclusion." In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 149–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_12.

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Adler, Michael. "Benefit Sanctions as a Matter of Public Concern." In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 9–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_2.

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Adler, Michael. "The Historical Development of Benefit Sanctions in the UK." In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 21–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_3.

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Adler, Michael. "Changes in the Scope, Severity and Incidence of Benefit Sanctions." In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 45–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_4.

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Adler, Michael. "Conditionality and the Changing Relationship between the Citizen and the State." In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 63–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_5.

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Adler, Michael. "The Impact and Effectiveness of Benefit Sanctions." In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 73–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_6.

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Adler, Michael. "Benefit Sanctions and Administrative Justice." In Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment?, 87–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cruel and degrading treatment"

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Semchuk, Natalia, Sofiia Lykhova, and Diana Maistro. "Comprehensive Analysis of Innovations in the Criminal Legislation of Ukraine on the Protection of Animals from Cruel Treatment." In International Conference on Social Science, Psychology and Legal Regulation (SPL 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211218.037.

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Cristiean, Victoria. "Prohibition of Torture and Punishment or Inhuman or Degrading Treatment in Criminal Law." In Proceedings of the 10th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (RAIS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rais-18.2018.19.

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Sandaruwani, Ayesha, Chathushki Kumarasinghe, Dasuni Samarakoon, Thilini U. Ariyadasa, and S. H. P. Gunawardena. "Investigation of the Efficiency of Dairy Wastewater Treatment Using Lipid-Degrading Bacterial Strains." In 2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon.2018.8421973.

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Alabdulmuhsin, Ali, Abdulrahman Almulhim, Alfredo Lopez, Oscar Araujo, and Mohamed Zeghouani. "Self-Degrading Particulates Improving Proppant Placement in High Temperature-High Permeable Sandstone Formation." In SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215645-ms.

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Abstract In proppant stimulation treatments, when high fluid leak-off and low fluid efficiency is encountered, typically the first measure taken in job redesign is to increase the PAD volume and pumping rate to mitigate fracture width reduction. These measures will adversely affect the job treatment cost and increase the water load on the formation. High fluid leak-off and low fluid efficiencies could be due to high permeability formation and/or presence of Natural Fractures (NF). In an effort to prevent permanent formation or proppant pack damage, this paper discusses the use of self-degrading multiple particle sizes while pumping. When these particles were used, it allowed to successfully seal off the width near the fracture's tip, controlling excessive leak-off and improving proppant placement volume. Permeability and NF could be identified during pre-frac injection tests; however, in some formations when diagnostic injection is conducted at lower rate, NF might not be easily identified and could be opened-up unexpectedly during main fracture treatment as long as the net pressure increases, leading into an uncontrolled leak-off, early flush or screen-out. A comprehensive well data analysis performed during design stage along with an effective diagnostic injection test before main treatment can identify low fluid efficiency. This paper presents results from extensive testing and application of self-degradable particulates as a leak-off material for the first time in the middle east. The Novel approach of this method allowed for controlled stimulation operations with the opportunity of limiting the high leak-off. This would ultimately increase the chance of proppant placement and avoid screen-out scenarios.
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Trif, V. Cosmin, V. Aurelian Ganea, and I. Foidas. "Experimental Study of Self-Degrading Diverting Agent Particles Used for Improving Hydraulic Fracture Placement." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217860-ms.

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Abstract Fluid placement is essential to obtain a successful stimulation treatment. Formation heterogeneity, varying stress distribution among formations and irregular fluid injectivity via perforations may lead to uneven fracture propagation along the formation net thickness. Isolation techniques provide solutions to such issues and can range from using mechanical restrictions that redirect the fluid flow, up to the use of specially designed particles placed in the flow stream to divert the treatment. Mechanical methods can include packers, bridge plugs and sand plugs which are used to mechanically separate the stimulation process into multiple stages pumped along the wellbore path. Ball sealers are part of the same category, designed to seal individual perforations during the pumping process and completely isolate a section of the wellbore to divert the injected fluid to subsequent zones. Another method that is widely used in large pay zones is coiled tubing in which accurate frac generation and fracture growth adjustments can be monitored in real time. Non-mechanical isolation designs consist of soluble or insoluble particles, with different sizes and compositions, mixed within the stimulation fluid that accumulate at the wellbore wall to form a low permeability cake, forcing fluid flow into areas with lower injectivity. Such particles are known as diverting agents and dissolve as a function of temperature and type of the injected or produced fluids. The study presents the main isolation techniques used during multi-stage fracturing operations and the laboratory investigation results affecting the selection of solid diversion agents such as material chemistry, particle size, particle shape, particle size distribution, temperature and type of carrier fluid.
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Cesário, Maria Italicia Bezerra, and Rafaela Maria de Araújo Valença. "From torture to penal humanization: Brazilian legislation in contrast with the reality of the country's prisons and the legacy of Cesare Beccaria." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-224.

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Obtaining confessions through torture or degrading treatment is widely recognized as ineffective and susceptible to producing false statements. In addition, each person has different levels of resistance and sensitivity, which means that even an innocent and highly sensitive person can be led to confess under torture. Therefore, these methods of coercion not only violate ethical principles, but are also unreliable.
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Coma, Silvia, Jillian Cavanaugh, James Nolan, Jeremy Tchaicha, Karen McGovern, Everett Stone, John Blazeck, et al. "Abstract B008: Treatment of IDO1 and TDO2 positive tumors with a kynurenine-degrading enzyme: A highly differentiated approach from IDO1 inhibition." In Abstracts: Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 30 - October 3, 2018; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-b008.

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Canelli, Greta, Isabelle Kuster, Luc Jaquenod, Patricia Murciano Martinez, Zhen Rohfritsch, Fabiola Dionisi, Paolo Nanni, Christoph Bolten, and Alexander Mathys. "Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Enhances Lipid Bioaccessibility While Preserving Oxidative Stability in Chlorella Vulgaris." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/shze8701.

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The green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is a source of valuable nutrients, whose bioaccessibility is limited by the structurally complex cell wall. There is growing demand for gentle technologies to improve the lipid bioaccessibility (BA) of C. vulgaris biomass while preserving cell integrity and therefore oxidative stability. Pulsed electric field treatment (PEF, 5 μs at 20 kV cm−1, 31.8 kJ kg−1sus) led to an enhancement in lipid BA from 4-7.8% (untreated) to 18.7-20.9%. To reach such a level of BA, incubation in buffer after the treatment (12 h at 25/37 °C, 48 h at 4 °C) was required. As hypothesised, PEF preserved cell integrity, as shown by particle size and scanning electron microscopy analyses, as well as oxidative stability of the biomass over 3 months at 40 °C. With a proteome analysis we identified four proteins that may be involved in the cell wall lytic activity during incubation after PEF. Future work should focus on further understanding the mechanism behind the incubation after PEF and studying the potential effect played by endogenous cell wall degrading enzymes.*Greta Canelli, Processing Division Student Award Winner*
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Snyder, Lawrence B., John J. Flanagan, Yimin Qian, Sheryl M. Gough, Monica Andreoli, Mark Bookbinder, Gregory Cadelina, et al. "Abstract 44: The discovery of ARV-471, an orally bioavailable estrogen receptor degrading PROTAC for the treatment of patients with breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-44.

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Malladi, Avinash, Seeniappan Kaliappan, L. Natrayan, and V. Mahesh. "Effectiveness of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Jute Fibers under Different Chemical Treatment for Automotive Interior Trim." In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-5008.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the quest for sustainable materials for automotive interior trim, jute fiber is gaining traction due to its characteristics, which align with other renowned natural fibers. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate as a treatment for jute fibers in comparison to conventional alkaline treatments. Both treated and untreated fibers were examined. Results showed that alkali-processed fibers demonstrated enhanced crystallization, thermal resistance, and surface quality relative to untreated ones. Specifically, alkali-treated jute fibers exhibited a degradation onset at 261.23°C, while those treated with sodium bicarbonate began degrading at 246.32°C. Untreated fibers had a degradation onset at 239.25°C. Although both treatments improved the thermal stability of the fiber, sodium bicarbonate processing, while beneficial, was slightly less effective than the traditional alkaline method. Overall, the research underscores the potential of sodium bicarbonate as an alternative treatment for fibrous materials, even if its efficacy is somewhat lesser than traditional methods. The findings offer insights into optimizing jute fiber for automotive interior trim applications.</div></div>
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Reports on the topic "Cruel and degrading treatment"

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Rohwerder, Brigitte. The Right to Protection of Forcibly Displaced Persons During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.052.

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The unprecedented shutdown of borders and restrictions on migration in response to the Covid-19 pandemic have put the core principles of refugee protection to test and resulted in the erosion of the right to asylum and violations of the principle of non-refoulment (no one should be returned to a country where they would face torture; cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; or punishment and other irreparable harm). Covid-19 is being used by some governments as an excuse to block people from the right to seek asylum and implement their nationalist agendas of border closures and anti-immigration policies.
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Sun, Lina, Yanan Han, Hua Wang, Huanyu Liu, Shan Liu, Hongbin Yang, Xiaoxia Ren, and Ying Fang. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0027.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to systematically review the clinical studies regarding miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease and assess the overall diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs. Condition being studied: The symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are highly variable. The diagnosis of IBD must be made through medical history, physical, laboratory, radiologic, endoscopic, and histological examinations. However, these diagnostic techniques are not specific and sometimes even equivocal. Therefore, reliable biomarkers are urgently needed in the diagnosis of IBD. Several clinical and preclinical researches have shown that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in IBD development. miRNAs, as single-stranded noncoding RNAs that contain 22-24 nucleotides, can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by blocking mRNA translation or degrading target mRNAs. miRNAs are widely involved in physiological and pathological cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Besides, they are stable, noninvasive, and resistant to degradation by ribonucleases, making them valuable targets in the diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and treatment of diseases. To date, inconsistent results have been found about miRNA expression profiling in the patients with IBD. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs for IBD has not been reported in any meta-analysis.
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