Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crown outline

Academic literature on the topic 'Crown outline'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crown outline"

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Boivin, Frédéric, Alain Paquette, Pierre Racine, and Christian Messier. "A fast and reliable method for the delineation of tree crown outlines for the computation of crown openness values and other crown parameters." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 9 (September 2011): 1827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-107.

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Numerous crown parameters (e.g., leaf area index, diameter, height, volume) can be obtained via the analysis of tree crown photographs. In all cases, parameter values are functions of the position of the crown outline. However, no standardized method to delineate crowns exists. To explore the effect of different outlines on tree crown descriptors, in this case crown openness (CO), and facilitate the adoption of a standard method free of user bias, we developed the program Crown Delineator that automatically delineates any outline around tree crowns following predetermined sensibility settings. We used different outlines to analyze tree CO in contrasting settings: using saplings from four species in young boreal mixedwood forests and medium-sized hybrid poplar trees from a low-density plantation. In both cases, the estimated CO increases when calculated from a looser outline, which had a strong influence on understory available light simulations using a forest simulator. These results demonstrate that the method used to trace crown outlines is an important step in the determination of CO values. We provide a much-needed computer-assisted solution to help standardize this procedure, which can also be used in many other situations in which the delineation of tree crowns is needed (e.g., competition and crown shyness).
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MAHER, KHALID, and SHIREEN MOHAMMED. "Crown Ether Schiff bases and their Complexes: Recent Advances (A Review )." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (August 11, 2018): 1701–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340402.

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In latterly years, an interest in the synthesis of crown ether Schiff bases and their Complexes has been increased, due to the significance and broadly the uses of these compounds in various fields. In the present review paper outline extensive recent advances literature survey on the crown ether including azomethine gathering and their complexes with the tough and easy granter atoms, has been reconsidered. Assertiveness has been done on element complexation with crown ether holding Schiff bases to enable the researchers to procure valuable information of the chelating activity of crown ether containing azomethine gathering and their enforcement.
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Cook, Todd D., Jeffrey G. Eaton, Michael G. Newbrey, and Mark V. H. Wilson. "A New Genus and Species of Freshwater Stingray (Myliobatiformes, Dasyatoidea) from the Latest Middle Eocene of Utah, U.S.A." Journal of Paleontology 88, no. 3 (May 2014): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-046.

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Teeth of a new freshwater dasyatoid ray recovered from the latest middle Eocene Brian Head Formation of southern Utah represent the youngest freshwater stingray so far known in the fossil record of North America. The crown morphology ofSaltirius utahensisn. gen. n. sp. exhibits strong sexual dimorphism, with the presumed males bearing two prominent margino-labial protuberances and a bifid cusp that produces a saltire-like outline. This unique crown separates this genus and species from any known extinct or extant myliobatiform, but does have some resemblance to the crown ofAsterotrygon maloneyifrom the lower Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming. The occurrence ofS. utahensisin the Brian Head Formation provides additional evidence for the persistence of warm subtropical temperatures during the late Eocene in southern Utah.
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Donovan, Stephen K., and Cornelis J. Veltkamp. "Crinoids from the Upper Ashgill (Upper Ordovician) of Wales." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 4 (July 1993): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600002494x.

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A collection of small crinoids and crinoid debris from the Ashgill (Rawtheyan?) of Cnwce, near St. Clears, Dyfed, southwest Wales includes numerous crowns of Aithriocrinus strahani n. gen. and sp. incertae familiae, an indeterminate 10–armed camerate(?) and an indeterminate multiple-armed camerate. Aithriocrinus strahani was previously considered to be a cincinnaticrinid, but it is undoubtedly dicyclic and therefore a cladid. This is the only diverse fauna of complete crinoids known from the Welsh Ashgill.The monobathrid camerate Xenocrinus S. A. Miller is easily recognized from its disarticulated columnals, which are square in outline. Xenocrinus columnals are now recognized from three Hirnantian localities in Wales. Xenocrinus became extinct during the Hirnantian and not at the Rawtheyan–Hirnantian boundary, as has been suggested on the basis of crown material.
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Kozitzky, Emma. "The impact of hybridization on upper first molar shape in robust capuchins (Sapajus nigritus x S. libidinosus)." Dental Anthropology Journal 34, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v34i1.316.

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To better understand the impact of hybridization on development and morphology, I analyze an understudied phenotype in hybrid morphology research: tooth shape. I apply a 2D geometric morphometric approach to compare variation in first upper molar cusp tip positions and crown outline shape among 31 crested capuchins (Sapajus nigritus), 37 bearded capuchins (S. libidinosus), and 44 hybrids (S. nigritus x S. libidinosus). A principal components analysis shows that group membership accounts for a significantly greater proportion of variance along the first major axis of M1 shape variation than does allometry. While most hybrids have S. nigritus-like M1s, several possess a transgressive M1 shape not observed in either parental species. Procrustes distances are greater in hybrids compared to the parental capuchins, and two-block partial least squares analyses show that hybrids exhibit weaker integration between cusp tip positions and crown outline shape. These results demonstrate that hybridization generates novel M1 shapes and support the hypothesis that destabilized development results in elevated phenotypic variance in hybrids. Further studies of dental shape in hybrid primates will generate important data for on-going efforts to detect potential hybrids in the hominin fossil record and to understand the evolutionary outcomes of anthropogenic hybridization.
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Hendrickx, Christophe, Josef Stiegler, Philip J. Currie, Fenglu Han, Xing Xu, Jonah N. Choiniere, and Xiao-Chun Wu. "Dental anatomy of the apex predator Sinraptor dongi (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) from the Late Jurassic of China." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 9 (September 2020): 1127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0231.

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The dental morphology of the holotype of the theropod Sinraptor dongi from the Jurassic Shishugou Formation of China is comprehensively described. We highlight a combination of dental features that appear to be restricted to Sinraptor: (i) crowns with denticulated mesial and distal carinae extending from the root and an irregular surface texture on the enamel; (ii) a D- to salinon-shaped cross-sectional outline at the crown base in mesialmost teeth; (iii) mesial crowns with mesial carinae spiraling mesiolingually and lingually positioned longitudinal groove adjacent to the mesial carina; and (iv) particularly labiolingually compressed lateral teeth with weakly labially deflected distal carinae, flat to concave basocentral surfaces of the labial margins of the crowns, and horizontally elongated distal denticles showing short to well-developed interdenticular sulci. Using cladistic, multivariate, discriminant, and cluster analyses, we demonstrate that the dentition of Sinraptor is relatively similar to that of ceratosaurids, megalosauroids, and other allosauroids and is particularly close to that of Allosaurus. The dental anatomy of Sinraptor and Allosaurus, which differs mainly in the labiolingual compression of the lateral crowns and in the number of premaxillary teeth, shows adaptations towards a predatory lifestyle, including premaxillary teeth capable of enduring tooth-to-bone contact and crowns with widely separated mesial and distal carinae capable of inflicting widely open wounds.
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Benazzi, Stefano, Cinzia Fornai, Laura Buti, Michel Toussaint, Francesco Mallegni, Stefano Ricci, Giorgio Gruppioni, Gerhard W. Weber, Silvana Condemi, and Annamaria Ronchitelli. "Cervical and crown outline analysis of worn Neanderthal and modern human lower second deciduous molars." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 149, no. 4 (October 17, 2012): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22155.

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Fraser, Marie E., Suzanne Fortier, André Rodrigue, and John W. Bovenkamp. "The crystal structures of the 1:2 host:guest complexes of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (isomers A and B) with sodium and potassium phenoxide." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-134.

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The crystal structures of the 1:2 host:guest complexes of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (isomer B) with potassium phenoxide and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (isomer A) with sodium phenoxide have been determined. The potassium phenoxide complex crystallizes in space group [Formula: see text] with a = 10.023(2), b = 11.238(2), c = 7.546(2) Å, α = 95.73(2), β = 103.04(2), γ = 92.03(2)°, and Z = 1. The sodium phenoxide complex crystallizes in space group P21/n with a = 19.185(12), b = 13.266(5), c = 13.038(5) Å, β = 96.55(4)°, and Z = 4. Both structures were solved by direct methods and refined by full matrix least-squares calculations to a residual, R, of 0.035. The host conformation as well as the metal cation coordination differ considerably in the two structures. In the potassium phenoxide complex, the two cations are related by symmetry and have, consequently, the same chemical environment. Each potassium is located approximately halfway between the plane formed by the crown ether oxygens and the phenoxide anions and is coordinated to four of the crown oxygens and to two phenoxide oxygens. The oxygens of the crown are found to outline an elliptical cavity and to lie approximately in a plane. In the sodium phenoxide complex, the two sodiums have different crystallographic and chemical environments. One sodium is coordinated to the six hexaether oxygens, with distances ranging from 2.36to2.84 Å, and to one of the phenoxide oxygens. The other sodium is coordinated to only one of the crown oxygens and to three of the phenoxide oxygens. The hexaether adopts a highly irregular conformation.
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Weinstein, Ben G., Sergio Marconi, Stephanie Bohlman, Alina Zare, and Ethan White. "Individual Tree-Crown Detection in RGB Imagery Using Semi-Supervised Deep Learning Neural Networks." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11 (June 1, 2019): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111309.

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Remote sensing can transform the speed, scale, and cost of biodiversity and forestry surveys. Data acquisition currently outpaces the ability to identify individual organisms in high resolution imagery. We outline an approach for identifying tree-crowns in RGB imagery while using a semi-supervised deep learning detection network. Individual crown delineation has been a long-standing challenge in remote sensing and available algorithms produce mixed results. We show that deep learning models can leverage existing Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)-based unsupervised delineation to generate trees that are used for training an initial RGB crown detection model. Despite limitations in the original unsupervised detection approach, this noisy training data may contain information from which the neural network can learn initial tree features. We then refine the initial model using a small number of higher-quality hand-annotated RGB images. We validate our proposed approach while using an open-canopy site in the National Ecological Observation Network. Our results show that a model using 434,551 self-generated trees with the addition of 2848 hand-annotated trees yields accurate predictions in natural landscapes. Using an intersection-over-union threshold of 0.5, the full model had an average tree crown recall of 0.69, with a precision of 0.61 for the visually-annotated data. The model had an average tree detection rate of 0.82 for the field collected stems. The addition of a small number of hand-annotated trees improved the performance over the initial self-supervised model. This semi-supervised deep learning approach demonstrates that remote sensing can overcome a lack of labeled training data by generating noisy data for initial training using unsupervised methods and retraining the resulting models with high quality labeled data.
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Nandakumar, K., and T. Roshna. "Anterior Esthetic Gingival Depigmentation and Crown Lengthening: Report of a Case." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 6, no. 3 (2005): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-6-3-139.

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Abstract Excessive gingival display space and gingival hyperpigmentation are major concerns for a large number of patients visiting the dentist. Melanin hyperpigmentation usually does not present a medical problem, but patients usually complain of dark gums as unaesthetic. This problem is aggravated in patients with a “gummy smile” or excessive gingival display while smiling. Esthetic periodontal plastic surgery is especially rewarding in such individuals with compromised esthetics. A case is reported here on the cosmetic correction of “black gums” and “gummy smile.” Periodontal plastic surgery combining gingival depigmentation and esthetic crown lengthening was performed in a single appointment using scalpel surgical technique. The outline of steps involved in the surgical procedure is demonstrated and a brief review of the various gingival depigmentation techniques is depicted here. Citation Roshna T, Nandakumar K. Anterior Esthetic Gingival Depigmentation and Crown Lengthening: Report of a Case. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 August;(6)3:139-147.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crown outline"

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BUTI, LAURA. "Nuove prospettive di indagine tassonomica di denti decidui usurati attraverso analisi di immagine e tecnologie tridimensionali." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/799880.

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Despite the general increase in digital techniques for dental morphometric analyses, only a few methods are available to study worn teeth. Moreover, permanent dentitions are studied much more frequently than deciduous teeth. In this study we address both issues by providing a taxonomic classification of Neanderthal and modern human lower second deciduous molars (dm2s) through the analysis of crown and cervical outlines. Crown and cervical outlines were obtained from a three-dimensional (3D) digital sample of uniformly oriented dm2s. Both outlines were centered on the centroid of their area and represented by 16 pseudolandmarks obtained by equiangularly spaced radial vectors out of the centroid. We removed size information from the oriented and centered outlines with a uniform scaling of the pseudolandmark configurations to unit Centroid Size. Group shape variation was evaluated separately for the dm2 crown and cervical outlines through a shape – space principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) of a subset of principal components was used to classify the specimens. In addition, we selected a further sample of modern dm2s and we compared both crown outlines detected from occlusal photographic images and the same profile obtained by 3D digital models in order to assess whether the two procedures provide consistent results. Our results demonstrate that both cervical and crown outline successfully separate the two groups. Crown Outline properly discriminates the 92% of individuals while cervical outline allows 96% of correct attribution. Neanderthals showed a buccodistal expansion and convex lingual outline shape, whilst modern humans have buccodistal reduction and straight lingual outline shape. Therefore, we confirmed that the cervical outline represents an effective parameter for distinguishing between the two taxa when dealing with worn or damaged dm2s. Finally, the results achieved with the outlines digitized on photographic images are consistent with those obtained by using 3D models, which stands up for the reproducibility of the photographic protocol, faster and cheaper than the one based on the 3D digital models.
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Books on the topic "Crown outline"

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Queensland. Dept. of Lands., ed. Crown land management reform in Queensland: A white paper which outlines principles for Crown land legislation. [Brisbane]: Dept. of Lands, Queensland Govt., 1992.

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Clark, Nicola. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784814.003.0001.

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The Introduction outlines the historiographical context for this study and introduces the Howards. It argues that we need to appreciate the importance of the Howard women, but that we can only fully understand this by placing them in their many contexts: at court as well as at home, as sisters and cousins as well as wives and mothers; and by appreciating the interaction and intersection of their full kaleidoscope of identities, as Howards, as evangelical, conservative, or otherwise in religion, as subjects of the crown, as both patronesses and petitioners. None of these categories is sufficient explanation of their role taken in isolation, and all need to be seen side by side. This highlights the ongoing need to integrate women into sixteenth-century political historiography, and also a need to nuance our understanding of the triangular relationship between elite women, the aristocratic dynasty, and the early modern state.
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Lee, Francis L. F., and Joseph M. Chan. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190856779.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 introduces the background of the Umbrella Movement, a protest movement that took hold in Hong Kong in 2014, and outlines the theoretical principles underlying the analysis of the role of media and communication in the occupation campaign. It explicates how the Umbrella Movement is similar to but also different from the ideal-typical networked social movement and crowd-enabled connective action. It explains why the Umbrella Movement should be seen as a case in which the logic of connective action intervenes into a planned collective action. It also introduces the notion of conditioned contingencies and the conceptualization of an integrated media system.
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Warner, Keith. “And One for Mahler”. Edited by Robert Gordon. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391374.013.0014.

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The chapter gives an outline of Sondheim’s shows performed in the subsidized theater in Europe and their history up until 2010. Government-funded theaters were once a natural place for experiment, now lack of subsidy prompts the question: are Sondheim’s shows being exploited to be “respectable” crowd pleasers by the up-market venues, or can they retain some of their challenging, conceptual origins? Should they be performed by opera houses at all? (If not there, then where should they be performed?) Is Sondheim’s work a barometer for our theatrical times? In the future, how can theaters retain the real artistic quest of these works by delving more deeply, more challengingly into their conceptual framework? Will the values of commercial theater and financial conservatism dictate how these pieces are produced?
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Ware, Susan. 3. The challenges of citizenship, 1848–1920. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199328338.003.0004.

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‘The challenges of citizenship, 1848–1920’ outlines the pressing issues of American life from the Civil War through to World War I. The activism of women such as Ida Wells-Barnet describes the struggle for African Americans to find political and economic justice after emancipation. Jim Crow segregation and hardening racial attitudes made free life for African Americans very difficult. The Civil War also acted as an important spur to industrialization. Immigration and female wage labor was central to this surge. The growth of higher education was an important precondition for women's new public engagement. The final push for suffrage, which was part of the larger Progressive era reform movement, is also described.
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Carrington, Margaret Irvin. Ab-Sa-Ra-Ka, Home of the Crows: Being the Experience of an Officer's Wife on the Plains ... with Outlines of the Natural Features and Resources of the ... Gathered from Observation and Other Rel. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.

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Darity, William A. Jr, and A. Kirsten Mullen. From Here to Equality. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654973.001.0001.

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Racism and discrimination have choked economic opportunity for African Americans at nearly every turn. At several historic moments, the trajectory of racial inequality could have been altered dramatically. Perhaps no moment was more opportune than the early days of Reconstruction, when the U.S. government temporarily implemented a major redistribution of land from former slaveholders to the newly emancipated enslaved. But neither Reconstruction nor the New Deal nor the civil rights struggle led to an economically just and fair nation. Today, systematic inequality persists in the form of housing discrimination, unequal education, police brutality, mass incarceration, employment discrimination, and massive wealth and opportunity gaps. Economic data indicates that for every dollar the average white household holds in wealth the average black household possesses a mere ten cents. In From Here to Equality, William Darity Jr. and A. Kirsten Mullen confront these injustices head-on and make the most comprehensive case to date for economic reparations for U.S. descendants of slavery. After opening the book with a stark assessment of the intergenerational effects of white supremacy on black economic well-being, Darity and Mullen look to both the past and the present to measure the inequalities borne of slavery. Using innovative methods that link monetary values to historical wrongs, they next assess the literal and figurative costs of justice denied in the 155 years since the end of the Civil War. Finally, Darity and Mullen offer a detailed roadmap for an effective reparations program, including a substantial payment to each documented U.S. black descendant of slavery. Taken individually, any one of the three eras of injustice outlined by Darity and Mullen--slavery, Jim Crow, and modern-day discrimination--makes a powerful case for black reparations. Taken collectively, they are impossible to ignore.
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Carrington, Margaret Irvin. Ab-Sa-Ra-Ka, Home of the Crows: Being the Experience of an Officer's Wife on the Plains ... with Outlines of the Natural Features and Resources of the Land, Tables of Distances, Maps, and Other Aids to the Traveler; Gathered from Observation and Other Rel. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Carrington, Margaret Irvin. Ab-Sa-Ra-Ka, Home of the Crows: Being the Experience of an Officer's Wife on the Plains ... with Outlines of the Natural Features and Resources of the Land, Tables of Distances, Maps, and Other Aids to the Traveler; Gathered from Observation and Other Rel. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Ab-Sa-Ra-Ka, Home of the Crows: Being the Experience of an Officer's Wife on the Plains ... with Outlines of the Natural Features and Resources of the Land, Tables of Distances, Maps, and Other Aids to the Traveler; Gathered from Observation and Other Rel. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crown outline"

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Anumba, Dilly OC. "Pregnancy Dating Guidance." In Evidence Based Global Health Manual for Preterm Birth Risk Assessment, 25–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04462-5_4.

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AbstractAccurate estimation of pregnancy duration is crucially important for the definition of term and preterm birth and informs care provision throughout pregnancy. However, this remains a challenge in many resource-limited context largely because the reliability of recall of the last menstrual period is low, and access to early ultrasound to measure foetal crown-rump length and other foetal biometry is highly limited. This chapter outlines a practical simplified approach to estimating pregnancy duration early following engagement with ANC. This forms the basis of subsequent care provision to correctly identify preterm labour/birth, improve epidemiological data on preterm low birth weight incidence, and enable proper triaging of care and its provision.
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Ben Kalifa, Mohamed, Rebeca P. Díaz Redondo, Ana Fernández Vilas, Rafael López Serrano, and Sandra Servia Rodríguez. "Is There a Crowd? Experiences in Using Density-Based Clustering and Outlier Detection." In Mining Intelligence and Knowledge Exploration, 155–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13817-6_16.

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Baker, John. "Pleas of the Crown." In Introduction to English Legal History, 562–78. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812609.003.0030.

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This chapter examines how principles of substantive criminal law emerged, given that the mechanisms which brought about the development of civil law were absent in criminal cases until modern times. Lectures in the inns of court were significant, supplemented from Tudor times by treatise writers and by occasional discussions among the judges in Serjeants’ Inn. Some general principles of liability evolved from medieval times in relation to mens rea, particularly the capacity of infants and the insane, the liability of accessories, and the position of those involved as principals in common enterprises. The second part traces in outline the history of treason, murder, chance medley, manslaughter, burglary and larceny.
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"1 An Outline of Scottish Settlement in the Polish Crown." In The Great Immigration: Scots in Cracow and Little Poland, circa 1500-1660, 7–27. BRILL, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004303102_003.

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Röding, Carolin, Julia Zastrow, Heike Scherf, Constantin Doukas, and Katerina Harvati. "Crown outline analysis of the hominin upper third molar from the Megalopolis Basin, Peloponnese, Greece." In Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: DFG Center for Advanced Studies, 13–36. Kerns Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51315/9783935751377.001.

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The left upper third molar from the Megalopolis Basin is enigmatic due to its problematic preservation and context. The Megalopolis molar is the only possible human fossil known to date from the Megalopolis Basin. It was found on the surface during geological surveys in 1962-63. Based on the faunal assemblage collected during the same survey, it was proposed to be of Middle Pleistocene age and possibly one of the oldest human fossils in Europe. However, its actual geological age is unknown. In the past, dental crown outline analysis has been successfully used to differentiate between hominin species and populations. We applied the method to upper third molars, attempting to shed light on the affinities of the Megalopolis specimen. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the crown outline shape grouped the Megalopolis molar with our Homo sapiens sample; however, the PCA in form space, including shape plus size, as well as Procrustes distances based on overall shape, grouped it with our Neanderthal comparative sample. We conclude that its most likely identification is as a member of the Neanderthal lineage. However, we urge further analyses with an increased fossil comparative sample to include representatives of Homo heidelbergensis, which is underrepresented in our study. The Megalopolis molar contributes to the scarce Pleistocene human fossil record of Greece and highlights the potential of the Megalopolis Basin for yielding further paleoanthropological finds.
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Sprack, John, and Michael Engelhardt–Sprack. "Prosecutors." In A Practical Approach to Criminal Procedure. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843566.003.0006.

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The English constitutional system has traditionally avoided a centralized ministry of justice on the continental model. Responsibility for investigating crime, commencing prosecutions, and presenting the case at court has been shared amongst a large number of different agencies. In October 1986, however, a major change was made to the system by the introduction of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS). The CPS has assumed a dominant role in the prosecution (but not the investigation) of crime. This Chapter will summarize the roles of the police, the CPS, other prosecuting authorities, and the private individual in the prosecution process. The subject is complex, but, for purposes of understanding criminal procedure in court, it is only necessary to deal with it in outline.
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Hazel, Fox, and Webb Philippa. "Part II The Sources of the Law of State Immunity, 7 English Law: The UK State Immunity Act 1978." In The Law of State Immunity. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198744412.003.0008.

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This chapter reviews the status and general structure of the State Immunity Act 1978 (SIA), and gives an outline of its provisions. The SIA was enacted to codify the restrictive rule of State immunity and bring UK law in line with current international practice, and to enable the UK to ratify the European Convention on State Immunity 1972 (ECSI) and the earlier 1926 Brussels Convention and 1934 Protocol relating to the Immunity of State-owned ships. In addition, it provided for the recognition in the UK of foreign judgments given against the Crown in the courts of States Parties to the ECSI, and it also made provision for the extension to heads of State acting in their private capacity and their families of the privileges and immunities enjoyed by the head of a diplomatic mission and his family.
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Gall, Gregor. "Introduction." In Bob Crow: Socialist, Leader, Fighter. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526100290.003.0001.

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Establishes the case for examining Crow as a significant figure and leader in industrial relations, union and political scenes. This is done through the schema of a) the person, b) the politics, and c) the potential power of RMT members, and defining what the functions of leadership are and what is required to carry them out. The introduction outlines the methodology deployed and the intellectual approach taken. It also sets out context for analysing Crow in terms of the specificity of RMT and the rail industry. Finally, it provides outline of following chapters.
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Hardy, Thomas. "Chapter VIII The malthouse: the chat: news." In Far from the Madding Crowd. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537013.003.0010.

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Warren’s Malthouse* was enclosed by an old wall inwrapped with ivy, and though not much of the exterior was visible at this hour, the character and purposes of the building were clearly enough shown by its outline upon the sky. From the walls...
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Hughes, Brian. "Introduction." In Defying the IRA? Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781382974.003.0001.

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This chapter outlines the key themes and concepts that will be at stake in the book. The Irish Revolution (c. 1913–23) has been the subject of a vast and growing historiography. Ambushes and assassinations by IRA guerrillas and reprisals and counter-reprisals by Crown forces have dominated much of the discourse. More recently, the ‘everyday’ acts of violence that characterised so much revolutionary activity in Ireland have found a place in the literature. This book adds to that understanding of experiences at the grass-roots level. In this chapter, some key parameters for the study are outlined and an ‘anatomy of violence’ is developed, ranging from the impersonal threat to the physical attack on the person, to frame and contextualize the nature of the activity under observation. This chapter also explores some precedents for violence and civilian behaviour in revolutionary Ireland found during nineteenth and early twentieth century agrarian agitation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Crown outline"

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Ferreira, C. M., and J. P. Grundling. "Pretoria Dental Laboratory's utilisation of entrepreneurial process and critical capitals: a South African case." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268579621.

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Pretoria Dental Laboratory (PDL), established in 1992, specialises in three disciplines, namely Crown and Bridge, Prosthodontics and Orthodontics. PDL represents an interesting entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation case because of its rapid expansion over a relatively short time span of 16 years moving from a stable but small laboratory to one of the biggest dental laboratories in the Tshwane Metropolitan area of South Africa. The purpose of this paper is to outline the theoretical framework and research methodology to be utilised in order to provide insight on how PDL interact with various stakeholders, respond to environmental changes, utilise various capitals (strategic, economic, cultural and social) through a process of business decision making to recognise, prepare and exploit business opportunities in the dental environment of South Africa. The outcome of the research is intended to enlighten entrepreneurialism and its application in a specific specialised environment of South Africa.
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Harris, John M., Richard J. S. Whitehouse, and James Sutherland. "Marine Scour and Offshore Wind: Lessons Learnt and Future Challenges." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50117.

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The drive for developing marine offshore renewables has led to specific requirements for scour hazard assessment relating to the associated foundation structures and the cabling necessary for in-field transmission and power export. To date within the United Kingdom (UK) a number of demonstrator projects have been constructed covering wind, wave and tidal generation. However, only offshore wind has been developed at large-scale at present as part of two rounds of commercial development of offshore wind farms (OWFs). In June 2008, The Crown Estate, responsible for licensing seabed use, announced proposals for a third round of offshore wind farms to develop an additional 25 GW of energy to the 8 GW already planned for under Rounds 1 and 2. The size of these Round 3 developments will vary, but the largest of these zones will involve the construction of around 2500 seabed foundation structures. Under Round 1 and 2 developments monopile and jacket type foundations have been used, although several other European (non UK) wind farms have been built using gravity base foundations. For a wind turbine the foundations may account for up to 35% of the installed cost. Therefore, one of the future challenges for large volume installation of offshore wind is the control and minimization of these costs. For tidal energy devices one of the principal requirements for many of the devices proposed is their placement in areas of strong tidal energy, and this has implications not only for the stability of the foundation option, but also for the construction methodology. Similarly wave energy devices are designed to be located in shallow, coastal environments as either floating or bottom mounted systems. These devices, by design, are intended to be located in environments with strong wave action. This may be substantial during storm events, which has implications for the integrity of the anchoring system keeping the wave device on station or the design of the device if it is seabed mounted. This paper will explore the lessons learnt from existing offshore wind farm developments as this represents the principal body of collected monitoring data. Using these data the paper will outline some of the challenges facing the offshore renewable industry in respect of the foundation designs and specifically the requirements for scour hazard assessment using the combined experience from those developments currently operational or under construction.
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Wei-Lieh Hsu, Yu-Cheng Wang, and Chih-Lung Lin. "Abnormal crowd event detection based on outlier in time series." In 2014 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2014.7009142.

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Yu, Han, Yang Liu, Xiguang Wei, Chuyu Zheng, Tianjian Chen, Qiang Yang, and Xiong Peng. "Fair and Explainable Dynamic Engagement of Crowd Workers." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/961.

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Years of rural-urban migration has resulted in a significant population in China seeking ad-hoc work in large urban centres. At the same time, many businesses face large fluctuations in demand for manpower and require more efficient ways to satisfy such demands. This paper outlines AlgoCrowd, an artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered algorithmic crowdsourcing platform. Equipped with an efficient explainable task-worker matching optimization approach designed to focus on fair treatment of workers while maximizing collective utility, the platform provides explainable task recommendations to workers' personal work management mobile apps which are becoming popular, with the aim to address the above societal challenge.
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Taylor, Christine, and Suresh K. Sitaraman. "Crowd-Funding for Inspiring Graduate Students to Educate K12 Students About STEM." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40039.

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Often when people who are not in the field hear about electronic packaging, they immediately presume that it is exclusive to electrical engineering; however, electronic packaging has opportunities for many different Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) areas. Many projects in micro- and nanotechnology are interdisciplinary in nature, and thus, a broad background of various disciplines is needed to conduct research and development in these areas. At the Georgia Institute of Technology, an initiative called the Meindl Legacy project has been created to use crowd funding to help graduate students in the nanotechnology area to create “teachable moments.” The intention of the teachable moment is to broaden the research to younger audiences, so that they are inspired to take the necessary background classes needed to pursue a STEM career path. The use of crowd-funding allows for industry partners and the general public to become involved with research that is currently ongoing at the Georgia Institute of Technology and to educate K-12 students. The “teachable moment” outlined in this paper was created to demonstrate how different materials’ coefficients of thermal expansion can affect the interfaces and potentially lead to cracking damage in an electronic package.
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Crofts, John G. "The Original “Silken Valley”: How and Why the Derwent Valley Became the Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33134.

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The paper outlines the history of the extraction of power from the River Derwent in Derbyshire, England, a source of abundant, reliable and vigorous water flow; and how this renewable power source provided power for the industrialization of what were formerly cottage occupations. The Romans introduced Water Wheels to Britain in the 1st century, which were used in the Derwent Valley to grind grist, mine lead, power iron forges and pump water. The prototype factories of the Industrial Revolution were built here, utilizing water power technology to drive textile mills. Cotchett’s Silk Mill, built in Derby in 1702, was followed by Lombe’s Silk Mill nearby in 1717, Then followed the cotton industry, led by Arkwright and Strutt in Cromford, the first “modern” mill, with 200 hands and round-the-clock operations, in 1771. After this success, Strutt built a larger mill in 1782 at Belper, powered by eleven 21 ft diameter water wheels. Samuel Slater, apprenticed during the building of this mill, emigrated secretly to America, where he enabled the first successful U.S cotton mill to be built in Pawtucket, R.I. The skills and traditions remain in the area, in such notable companies as Rolls-Royce and the Royal Crown Derby Porcelain works.
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Liu, M., and C. Cross. "Subsea Pipeline UHB Design: An Improved Analysis Approach." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54253.

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A subsea pipeline operating at temperature and pressure may buckle both vertically and laterally. For a trenched and buried pipeline, the propensity to upheaval buckling (UHB) is a major design concern. Predictive UHB design is typically required at the outset to determine both trenching and backfilling requirements. Additional rockdump schedule can be established by analysing post pipelay OOS survey data incorporating appropriate safety factors based on a structural reliability analysis. The normal approach is to examine the pipeline imperfection survey statistics and data accuracy. The structural reliability analysis and load factor calculation is typically performed a priori based on the assumed imperfections using the methodology outlined in ref [1]. The additional rockdump schedule is derived from the crown of the pipeline imperfections regardless of adjacent profiles and overall backfill data. A new pseudo energy method for UHB and OOS is proposed and discussed in this paper based on the variational principle and modal analysis. The approach takes into account the effects of varying effective axial force, trench imperfections and vertical uplift resistance, by combining both axial friction and lateral resistance methods into a unified model. A new concept, effective uplift resistance and associated load is also introduced to deal with non-uniform backfill cover. Adjacent imperfections and backfill profiles are considered in detail. An FE model is developed to consist of 3-noded quadratic pipe elements using ABAQUS Ver 6.12 and iterations of FE analyses are performed to demonstrate the tangible benefits of the approach specifically for UHB OOS design in relation to target trenching and backfilling, leading to improved reliability and potential cost saving in UHB OOS design and rockdump installation.
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