Journal articles on the topic 'Crown lands New South Wales'
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1
Shield, Margaret. "Crown Lands Commissioners – Moreton Bay and Darling Downs, 1842–56." Queensland Review 26, no. 01 (June 2019): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2019.7.
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AbstractCommissioners of Crown Lands were the first government officials appointed to the newly declared pastoral districts surrounding Moreton Bay after it was opened to free settlement in 1842. These officers had a significant impact on the formation of regional communities, the administration of justice and the treatment of the Indigenous people but their primary responsibility was the implementation and enforcement of government policies relating to Crown Lands. Commissioners were required to oversee pastoral leases, ensure payment of fees for pastoral and other licences and undertake expeditions to provide the New South Wales government with information regarding the nature of the land and its resources. Extracts from the original correspondence between the Commissioners and the Colonial Secretary indicate that, despite enormous challenges, early Crown Lands Commissioners were largely successful in ensuring the orderly settlement of pastoral districts. Their success however, came at the expense of the Indigenous people, who were systematically driven from their lands without compensation and with scant consideration for their welfare.
2
Thomson, P. "A Symposium on the Dingo. Edited by Chris Dickman and Daniel Lunney. A Review by Peter Thomson." Australian Mammalogy 23, no. 2 (2001): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am01189_br.
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A symposium on the dingo (Canis lupus dingo) was held in Sydney in May 1999 to discuss issues surrounding the conflicting views of the dingo: seen both as a potentially threatened species, and as a species that needs to be controlled because of its predation on livestock. The Symposium was particularly relevant to New South Wales (NSW) because of consideration being given to place the dingo on the schedule of NSW vulnerable species, under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. The potential for conflict was exacerbated by concurrent legislative changes in NSW (Rural Lands Protection Act 1998) requiring the Crown to control pest animals declared under the Act. Despite the obvious focus on the NSW situation, many of the issues discussed have wider relevance to the management and conservation of dingoes across Australia.
3
Kercher, Bruce. "Informal Land Titles: Snowden v Baker (1844)." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 41, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v41i3.5214.
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Snowden v Baker (1844) concerned the judicial recognition of informal land titles. This article compares the treatment of this broad question in Newfoundland and New South Wales, with Snowden v Baker.In Newfoundland and New South Wales, informal titles gained legal recognition. This happened in Newfoundland through judicial creativity, including statutory interpretation. In New South Wales, the formal law was applied more strictly, but was softened when commissioners were appointed to assess whether Crown discretion should be exercised in favour of those dispossessed due to informality.Both methods were used in New Zealand, where the informal titles of British settlers derived from sales by Māori land owners. Titles purchased from Māori owners were declared null and void unless based on Crown grants. As in New South Wales, commissioners were appointed to advise whether such grants should be made. In Snowden v Baker, Martin CJ used statutory interpretation to take a further step, by holding that titles derived from Māori sales had a contingent validity until affirmed or denied by the Crown.
4
Pople, A. R., S. C. Cairns, N. Menke, and N. Payne. "Estimating the abundance of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia." Wildlife Research 33, no. 2 (2006): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05021.
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To provide an estimate of kangaroo numbers for harvest management, a survey was designed for an area of 29 500 km2 encompassing the agricultural and grazing lands of the Braidwood, Cooma, Goulburn, Gundagai and Yass Rural Lands Protection Board (RLPB) districts in south-east New South Wales. An aerial survey using a helicopter was considered more efficient than ground survey because of the size of the area, relatively high relief and dense tree cover, and the need for regular monitoring. Tree cover and landscape relief was used to stratify the five RLPB districts into areas of probable high, medium and low kangaroo density. Kangaroo density estimated from helicopter surveys conducted in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales was used to suggest densities and thereby allocate survey effort in each stratum. A survey comprising 735 km of transect line was conducted in winter 2003 with a target precision of 20%. The survey returned an estimate of 286 600 ± 32 300 eastern grey kangaroos for the whole of the proposed south-east New South Wales kangaroo-management zone. In 2004, a trial harvest of slightly less than 15% of this estimate was taken. Success of the trial will be determined by the impact of harvesting on the population’s dynamics, by landholder and industry participation, and by the capacity to monitor population size, harvest offtake and compliance with regulations.
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Pook, E. W., A. M. Gill, and P. H. R. Moore. "Insect Herbivory in a Eucalyptus maculata Forest on the South Coast of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 46, no. 6 (1998): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97016.
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In most years between 1977 and 1992, insect defoliation was negligible in a regrowth stand of E. maculata Hook. on the south coast of New South Wales. However, leaf consumption by winter–spring infestations of cup moth larvae accounted for c. 6%, 19% and 4% of the total leaf loss from the canopy in 1989–90, 1990–91 and 1991–92, respectively. During the most serious infestation of 1990, cup moth larvae produced 0.56 t ha–1 of frass, equivalent to the consumption of c. 0.8 t ha–1, or c. 0.5 m2 m–2 of eucalypt leaf (c. 12% of winter leaf area index). In early November 1990, shortly after the infestation, an assessment of insect defoliation in the crown of a dominant tree revealed that (i) 47% of the leaf population was damaged, (ii) a larger proportion of older than younger leaves was damaged, (iii) the proportion of damaged leaves increased down the tree-crown profile, and (iv) 13% of the potential leaf area was missing. In the absence of further insect attack, the process of canopy renewal (leaf production and leaf fall) reduced the proportion of damaged leaves to 23% by June 1991.
6
Slack, Jill, and Michael O'Rourke. "The Kamilaroi Lands: North-Central New South Wales in the Early 19th Century." Labour History, no. 79 (2000): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516748.
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Carlsen, Jack. "Economic Evaluation of Recreation and Tourism in Natural Areas: A Case Study in New South Wales, Australia." Tourism Economics 3, no. 3 (September 1997): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300302.
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Provision of information for the purposes of evaluating and monitoring recreation and tourism land use is a conceptually difficult task for economists and land managers. A range of techniques has been developed since the pioneering work of Clawson and Knetsch in the 1960s to estimate the market value of recreation and tourism in natural areas. These techniques involve a number of conceptual and practical difficulties when used for environmental auditing and evaluation purposes. This article outlines the process of evaluating recreation and tourism on public lands in order to provide information for an environmental audit of the Upper North East region of New South Wales. The range of market and non-market values associated with tourism and recreation on public lands is based on existing studies of the region. The values of commercial production, recreation and tourism on public lands are compared within a structural model (input–output) of the regional economy.
8
Turner, R. J., and Peter Smith. "Mistletoes increasing in eucalypt forest near Eden, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 2 (2016): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15253.
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Mistletoe proliferation has contributed to eucalypt decline in rural lands in south-eastern Australia, but has seldom been recorded within forests. We report here on mistletoes increasing deep inside extensive eucalypt forest near Eden. Mistletoes (chiefly Amyema pendula (Sieber ex Spreng.) Tiegh., some Muellerina eucalyptoides (DC.) Barlow) were counted in 180 plots in various logging and burning treatments within a long-term experimental area. In 141.4 ha, there were 516 mistletoes in 1990–1991, and 1478 mistletoes in 2004–2006. The number of trees with mistletoes increased (doubling in logged coupes and almost tripling in unlogged coupes), and the number of mistletoes per tree increased (by ~30%). However, mistletoe prevalence remained low in 2004–2006 (2.7% of trees in logged coupes and 3.7% in unlogged coupes). Intensive logging limited the increase in mistletoe-bearing trees, probably because there were fewer trees available in logged coupes, but had no significant effect on the increase in mistletoes per tree. Low-intensity prescribed burns had no significant effect on mistletoe numbers, even with a high frequency of burning, probably because of their low scorch heights. We suggest that the observed increase in mistletoes in this forest, rather than indicating an ecological imbalance, is part of a natural cycle of boom and bust, with populations crashing in severe wildfires.
9
Gray, Jonathan M., Greg A. Chapman, and Brian W. Murphy. "Land management within capability: a new scheme to guide sustainable land management in New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 53, no. 6 (2015): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14196.
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A new evaluation scheme, land management within capability (LMwC), used to guide sustainable land management in New South Wales (NSW), is presented. The scheme semi-quantitatively categorises the potential impacts of specific land-management actions and compares these with the inherent physical capability of the land in relation to a range of land-degradation hazards. This leads to the derivation of LMwC indices, which signify the sustainability of land-management practices at the scale of individual sites up to broader regions. The LMwC scheme can be used to identify lands at greatest risk from various land-degradation hazards. It can help to guide natural resource agencies at local, regional and state levels to target priorities and promote sustainable land management across their lands. Few other schemes that assess the sustainability of a given land-management regime in a semi-quantitative yet pragmatic manner are found in the literature. The scheme has particular application for regional soil-monitoring programs and it was applied in such a program over NSW in 2008–09. The results suggested that the hazards most poorly managed across the state are wind erosion, soil acidification and soil organic carbon decline. The LMwC scheme, or at least its underlying concepts, could be readily applied to other jurisdictions.
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Freeman, Clive, Julie Freeman, and Michelle C. Langley. "Gymea and the Fishing Technologies of the New South Wales Coast, Australia." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 31, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774320000396.
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Stories are important to all modern peoples, and this behaviour was no doubt also the case during the deep past. Consequently, it is important that archaeologists understand that artefacts made and discarded thousands of years ago were woven with stories by the peoples who produced them. In some regions of the world, these stories remain accessible by collaborating with the Traditional Owners of the lands from which they were recovered, while in others such an approach is impossible. Nevertheless, researchers need to remember that items carried meaning usually invisible to those outside communities—a principle often taught and cited, but possibly not fully appreciated. Here we tell the Yuin (coastal New South Wales, Australia) story of Gymea and her connection to fishing technologies. This story is told in order to demonstrate the depth of information that is not accessible to archaeologists if Indigenous collaborators are not sought out or available.
11
Dye, Alan, and Sumner La Croix. "The Political Economy of Land Privatization in Argentina and Australia, 1810–1850: A Puzzle." Journal of Economic History 73, no. 4 (November 15, 2013): 901–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050713000831.
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In early public land privatization, governments in New South Wales and Buenos Aires provided for de jure transfer of public lands. In New South Wales the government lost control; squatters rushed out unlawfully and seized de facto frontier claims. But in Buenos Aires privatization was accomplished by de jure transfers. Why did British settlers reject de jure transfers from a government, most able to secure property rights and rule of law, while settlers of the pampa frontier, where property-rights security was doubtful, complied with de jure transfers? We find that the revenue objective and violence on the frontier explain this puzzle.
12
Lunney, Daniel, and Alison Matthews. "The contribution of the community to defining the distribution of a vulnerable species, the spotted-tailed quoll, Dasyurus maculatus." Wildlife Research 28, no. 5 (2001): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00018.
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Community-based wildlife postal surveys, which included the spotted-tailed quoll, were undertaken in Eden, Port Stephens, Bellingen and Iluka. This resulted in 68 records for spotted-tailed quolls for Eden, 40 for Port Stephens, 39 for Bellingen and 7 for Iluka. Such a high number of records from coastal New South Wales, with many on private lands, identifies postal surveys as a major source of previously overlooked sightings. Spotted-tailed quolls have declined in range by as much as 50–90% since European settlement, which has seen them listed as a nationally vulnerable species. There have been few surveys of spotted-tailed quolls in New South Wales due to their difficulty of detection using standard field survey techniques, such as cage trapping and hair tube sampling. Their unique appearance makes them an ideal species to include in community-based surveys. Future use of these surveys has the potential to contribute significantly to conservation programs of spotted-tailed quolls that involve private lands and local support.
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Klein, TA, LW Burgess, and FW Ellison. "Survey of the incidence of whiteheads in wheat crops grown in northern New South Wales, 1976-1981." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 5 (1990): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900621.
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The incidence of whiteheads in wheat in the northern areas of the wheat belt in New South Wales was surveyed from 1976 to 1981. Whiteheads were associated with plants affected by crown rot and were common in wheat crops in the survey areas, although the incidence was low (<5%) in most crops. There was a high incidence of whiteheads (>5%) in a small number of crops in each year. The mean incidence of whiteheads was highest in 1977 and was generally higher in the western, lower rainfall areas than in the other areas each year. The predominant crown rot pathogen Fusarium graminearum Group 1 was isolated from 97% of 1450 stem bases collected from plants with whitehead symptoms. A fallow of 18 months was not always associated with a reduction in the incidence of whiteheads.
14
Jenkins, Philip. "Old and New Catholics in Stuart Wales: The Carne Family of Glamorgan." Recusant History 17, no. 3 (May 1985): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200001187.
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When James II began looking in Wales for Catholics who could be appointed to the Bench and lieutenancy, he found very few potential supporters in most Welsh counties. What Catholics there were tended to be minor figures, or outsiders who happened to hold Welsh lands. Monmouthshire had a strong contingent of recusants; but the greatest surprise came in Glamorgan, where there came forward a series of apparently recent converts from the Carne and Stradling families. Three Carne brothers served as enthusiastic Catholic Justices, all the more valuable because they held their position by their own prestige and ancestry in addition to political orthodoxy. In 1688, they were virtually the only family in south Wales to attempt serious (indeed, threatening) resistance to the Protestant coup.
15
Akinsanmi, O. A., V. Mitter, S. Simpfendorfer, D. Backhouse, and S. Chakraborty. "Identity and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. isolated from wheat fields in Queensland and northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 1 (2004): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03090.
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To establish the identity of Fusarium species associated with head blight (FHB) and crown rot (CR) of wheat, samples were collected from wheat paddocks with different cropping history in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales during 2001. CR was more widespread but FHB was only evident in northern NSW and often occurred with CR in the same paddock. Twenty different Fusarium spp. were identified from monoconidial isolates originating from different plant parts by using morphology and species-specific PCR assays. Fusarium pseudograminearum constituted 48% of all isolates and was more frequently obtained from the crown, whereas Fusarium graminearum made up 28% of all isolates and came mostly from the head. All 17 Fusarium species tested caused FHB and all 10 tested caused CR in plant infection assays, with significant (P < 0.001) difference in aggressiveness among species and among isolates within species for both diseases. Overall, isolates from stubble and crown were more aggressive for CR, whereas isolates from the flag leaf node were more aggressive for FHB. Isolates that were highly aggressive in causing CR were those originating from paddocks with wheat following wheat, whereas those from fields with wheat following maize or sorghum were highly aggressive for FHB. Although 20% of isolates caused severe to highly severe FHB and CR, there was no significant (P < 0.32) correlation between aggressiveness for FHB and CR. Given the ability of F. graminearum to colonise crowns in the field and to cause severe CR in bioassays, it is unclear why this pathogen is not more widely distributed in Australia.
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Turner, G. W., and R. M. C. Ruffio. "Environmental Auditing for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control in a Region of New South Wales (Australia)." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0431.
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The concept of environmental auditing of point source pollution has been adapted to nonpoint source pollution in rural lands. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other information technologies provide an effective environmental management tool for characterising nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in a regional context and thereby can assist the environmental auditing process. Nonpoint source pollution problems of rural watersheds in Australia, particularly those in the state of New South Wales, and the role of the state's environment protection agency are outlined. A case study that applies an auditing methodology using GIS in a study area within the Lachlan River catchment is presented. The suitability of the approach for land condition evaluation and the review of land use controls for nonpoint source pollution is discussed.
17
Nelson, KE, and LW Burgess. "Effect of rotation with barley and oats on crown rot of wheat in the northern wheat belt of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 6 (1995): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950765.
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We investigated the incidence of Fusarium graminearum Group 1 (infection, stem colonisation) and crown rot in 3-year crop sequences of 1 or 2 years of barley, oats, or mown oats followed by wheat, compared with 3 years of wheat. Seed was sown into the stubble of the previous crop. Stubble production was estimated for each cereal treatment. Plants of each cereal were infected by the crown rot pathogen. Oats were susceptible to infection but did not express symptoms of crown rot in 2 years of the trial. Oats can, therefore, be considered a symptomless host that may contribute to the maintenance of inoculum. The overall mean incidence of infected plants increased from 12% in 1987 to 81% in 1989. The various treatments did not significantly reduce the incidence of infected wheat plants in November of the final year. The incidence of crown rot of wheat in 1989 was greatest after 2 prior wheat crops and lowest after 1 or 2 years of mown oats. The 3 species produced a similar amount of straw by weight; however, mown oats produced significantly less. Oat straw decomposed more rapidly than that of other cereals in controlled conditions.
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Thompson, JA, and PJS Fleming. "The Cost of Aerial Baiting for Wild Dog Management in North-Eastern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 13, no. 1 (1991): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9910047.
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Aerial baitjng for the management of wild dogs in north-eastern New South Wales is carried out in nine Rural Lands Protection Board districts covering coastal and tablelands environments. A survey of participants in the 1988 aerial baiting programme costed the total operation at $106,152. Labour ($36,418) and helicopter hiring charges ($35,693) accounted for over 70 per cent of the costs borne by local and regional control authorities. A total of 24,285 kg of meat (approx. 105,500 baits) valued at $21,018 was used. The average cost of the programme was $4.21 per kg of bait used. Total baiting costs can be accurately predicted from bait quantity. The cost, to individual producers, of aerial baiting for wild dogs, when compared with expected livestock losses without this form of management, suggests that aerial baiting is cost-beneficial.
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Mckenzie, DC, TS Abbott, KY Chan, PG Slavich, and DJM Hall. "The nature, distribution and management of sodic soils in New-South-Wales." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930839.
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Accurate data on the distribution of the various types of sodic soils in New South Wales are not available. However, general observations suggest that large areas are affected by structural instability as a result of sodicity, particularly on grey clays and red-brown earths of the Murray-Darling Basin. There is a strong need for new sodicity surveys because the production of crops and pasture often is well below potential on these lands. Exchangeable sodium data on their own do not adequately describe sodic soil behaviour, so information is also required about related factors such as electrical conductivity, exchangeable magnesium, clay mineralogy, pH, calcium carbonate content, degree of remoulding, and the frequency of continuous stable macropores. Critical limits for sodicity that are used by soil management advisory services need to be redefined. Considerable research into the reclamation and management of sodic soils has occurred in the irrigation areas and rainfed cropping districts of the Murray-Darling Basin in New South Wales. Mined and by-product gypsum, and to a lesser extent lime, have been shown to greatly improve the physical condition and profitability of production from soils with a dispersive surface. However, the responses to these treatments are less likely to be economical when sodicity is confined to the subsoil. Adequate supplies of gypsum and lime are available in New South Wales, but further research is required to determine economically optimal and environmentally acceptable rates and frequencies of application, particle sizes and chemical compositions for different farming systems that utilize the various types of sodic soil.
20
Burgess, Craig. "Pommies and penis gourds in the Antipodes: a personal perspective." Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 2, no. 4 (January 3, 1995): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v2i4.955.
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During the 1990s more and more junior doctors are talking about the great lands 'down under' that have been described as the lands of milk and honey (or is it milk and money?). Curiosity got the better of me and in 1993 I decided to have a taste. I worked for six months in paediatrics and six months in obstetrics and gynaecology in a large teaching hospital in Newcastle, New South Wales, then intermittently as a locum in a country hospital for two months before travelling back. These personal experiences have been broadened by the impressions of fellow Manchester graduates out there.
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Kass, Terry. "False testimony: the surveying career of Robert Hamilton Mathews." Historical Records of Australian Science 32, no. 2 (2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr20016.
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The ethnographic recordings of Robert Hamilton Mathews in the late nineteeth and early twentieth centuries have preserved data about Aboriginal language, beliefs, customs, technology and social and family networks. This data has steadily gained increasing respect over more recent decades, and its quality is often attributed to Mathews’ previous career as a property surveyor. Nevertheless, detailed research in the records of the Lands Department of New South Wales held by State Archives of New South Wales reveals a different story—of a man driven to maximise his income using illegal and unethical methods. Official inquiries into Mathews’ conduct by experienced surveyors showed that he often flaunted professional guidelines and practices to such an extent that the influence of Mathew’s surveying career on his ethnographical work should be reconsidered.
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Thorpe, Bill. "Remembering Reserves: The Deebing Creek Aboriginal Mission and Cemetery in Aboriginal History and Memory." Queensland Review 9, no. 2 (November 2002): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002993.
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Eight kilometres south-east of Ipswich, along the banks of Deebing Creek, lies the site of a former Aboriginal mission reserve which, from 1892 to 1915, accommodated Aboriginal people from across Queensland, displaced from their lands by encroaching white settlement and government intervention. Some came from faraway places – Normanton, Burketown, Cooktown, Townsville, Barcaldine, St George, Alpha, Mitchell, Cunnamulla, Roma, and even New South Wales. Others were from regions adjacent to the mission such as Logan, Beaudesert and Boonah and from nearby Ipswich, Purga and Deebing Creek itself.
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Thomson, Robert. "The First Ascent of Mt Lindesay – A Climbing ‘Whodunit’." Queensland Review 8, no. 1 (May 2001): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002336.
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Mt Lindesay lies in the McPherson Range on the border between New South Wales and Queensland. Described by one early twentieth century writer as resembling ‘a crown pumpkin or a huge pudding mould’, its remarkable tiered upper section has long captured the imagination of those who care to gaze upon its vertical cliffs and dramatic lines.
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Downing, BH, and JC Evans. "A survey approach to evaluating the effects of management on semi-arid lands in New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 11, no. 1 (1989): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9890021.
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One hundred and ten paddocks were surveyed to give an overview of the effects of management burning, grazing by cattle, goats and sheep, and protection from livestock, on major vegetation types in the rangelands. A commercial paddock scale was used to complement information previously available on dietary preferences of livestock from a few, small research sites. In this dry period study, estimates of woody and herbaceous cover were not significantly different overall among paddocks subjected to the various kinds of management. However, herbaceous cover in protected or spelled paddocks was better than in the others. Also, no significant relationships were found between woody cover and herbaceous biomass in any treatment. Despite moderate sample sizes, high coefficients of variation occurred throughout the results. These were regarded as being a true reflection of the variability between paddocks in the rangeland. Underlying differences between management types may have been masked by the heterogeneity of the paddocks within each type due to a complex history of rainfall, burning and grazing. Cluster analysis of the 110 paddocks revealed floristic (woody spp.) similarities of mulga, poplar-box, pine and some belah-rosewood woodlands, whereas saltbush and mallee were distinct. Further comparisons of management types were made on mulga woodland alone. Domestic goats were kept in the most heavily wooded paddocks and, in contrast with sheep, checked the growth of woody plants < 2m high. Woody growth recovered in the < 2m stratum several years after burning. Further evaluation of the herbaceous layer and of woody/herbaceous relationships is recommended after a wet summer.
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Quinn, MJ. "Knowing the Rangelands of Western New South Wales: the Past in the Changing Present." Rangeland Journal 19, no. 1 (1997): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9970070.
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There is growing competition for the resources of Australia's rangelands. This competition is spreading from traditional users, like pastoralists, to increasingly include interests in the wider community. The way that the history of the rangelands is represented is important to the way these interests are perceived, articulated and reconciled. Popular (and much academic) writing on the past European use of the rangelands remains bogged in a tradition that stresses simplistic themes of careless destruction. The 1901 New South Wales Royal Commission into the Condition of the Crown Tenants is oftp seen as a seminal document in the history of the understanding of the rangelands. The Royal Commission was not, though, a starting point of sophisticated knowledge of the rangelands. Rather, it was an important articulation of an existing tradition of knowledge. The Commission was, furthermore, a product of widespread local understanding, activism and support for reform in western New South Wales. The European management of the rangelands from its earliest decades has been the result of informed struggle - not wanton ignorance. To clearly see this is to see the possibility that today's competition for resources contains no villains either. Moreover, to accept this past knowledgeability may challenge elements of our modern commitment to accruing knowledge, particularly the assumption that better knowledge will lead to better management.
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Stone, Christine, Gavin Melville, Angus Carnegie, David Smith, Alieta Eyles, and Matthew Nagel. "Crown damage by the aphidEssigella californicain aPinus radiataplantation in southern New South Wales: causality and related management issues." Australian Forestry 76, no. 1 (March 2013): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2013.776928.
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Marcar, N. E., A. K. M. A. Hossain, D. F. Crawford, and A. T. Nicholson. "Evaluation of tree establishment treatments on saline seeps near Wellington and Young in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 1 (2000): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99085.
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The success of tree establishment on both saline and non-saline sites is dependent on the use of appropriate pre- and post-planting procedures. The 4 trials reported here on 2 dryland saline sites, near Wellington and Young in New South Wales, deal with the individual and combined effects of mulch, fertiliser, tree guards and pre-conditioning with salt and waterlogging, alone and in combination, on survival and growth of Acacia stenophylla, Atriplex nummularia, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melaleuca halmaturorum. Each trial included 1 or more of these species. Soil salinity was assessed at the plot level using a hand-held electromagnetic induction device (EM38). Treatments had variable effects, depending on species, site, experiment and treatment combinations. Mulch application significantly improved height in 2 trials and, in combination with plastic guard and fertiliser, produced the best results. Treatments generally increased basal stem diameter or stem diameter at breast height, and crown volume, but the differences were usually not statistically significant. The combined effect of mulch, fertiliser and plastic guard on growth was usually greater than any single treatment.
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Butterworth, Lee. "Investigating death in Moreton Bay: Coronial inquests and magisterial inquiries." Queensland Review 26, no. 01 (June 2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2019.2.
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AbstractEnglish common law was applied in the New South Wales penal colony when it was founded by Governor Arthur Phillip in 1788. Phillip’s second commission granted him sole authority to appoint coroners and justices of the peace within the colony. The first paid city coroner was appointed in 1810 and only five coroners served the expanding territory of New South Wales by 1821. To relieve the burden on coroners, justices of the peace were authorised to conduct magisterial inquiries as an alternative to inquests. When the Moreton Bay settlement was established, and land was opened up to free settlers, justices were relocated from New South Wales to the far northern colony. Nonetheless, the administration of justice, along with the function of the coroner, was hindered by issues of isolation, geography and poor administration by a government far removed from the evolving settlement. This article is about death investigation and the role of the coroner in Moreton Bay. By examining a number of case studies, it looks at the constraints faced by coroners, deaths due to interracial violence and deaths not investigated. It concludes that not all violent and unexplained deaths were investigated in accordance with coronial law due to a paucity of legally qualified magistrates, the physical limitations of local conditions and the denial of justice to Aborigines as subjects of the Crown.
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Clews, Lukas L. "Observations on roost use by the yellow-bellied sheathtail-bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris) in northern New South Wales, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 39, no. 1 (2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15048.
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Hollow-bearing trees are recognised as essential habitat features for insectivorous bats and provide sites for mating, the rearing of young, hibernation, protection from predators, and social interaction. The characteristics of hollow-bearing trees used as roosts by insectivorous bats in Australia are poorly known. To help fill this gap, this note presents data on tree roost characteristics for the yellow-bellied sheathtail-bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris) obtained from northern New South Wales, Australia. Of the 19 roost trees observed, most were live Eucalyptus albens trees with an incomplete crown with substantial numbers of dead limbs. Roosts selected were, on average, 9.3 m high with an entrance diameter of 12.7 cm in trees with a mean diameter at breast height of 49.5 cm. All entrance hollows were located at the end of a rotten spout formed when a branch had broken off the tree. These observations are some of the first to document the characteristics of roost trees for this species in New South Wales and this information can be used by land managers to identify and retain suitable roosting habitat for S. flaviventris in the landscape.
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Garnett, Stephen T., Greg Williams, Gillian B. Ainsworth, and Michael O'Donnell. "Who owns feral camels? Implications for managers of land and resources in central Australia." Rangeland Journal 32, no. 1 (2010): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09047.
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This paper reviews the legislation relating to ownership of feral camels in Australia. We find that, as a general proposition, a feral camel is owned by neither the landowner nor the Government (the Crown), unless State or Territory legislation provides otherwise. This occurs in two limited situations and only for New South Wales and South Australia. Relevant State and Territory legislation can prescribe that feral camels cannot be taken or used without a relevant licence or permit, but only Western Australia and Queensland appear to do this. Lack of legislative certainty about ownership of camels has resulted in a clear market failure whereby there is also little or no private incentive to exercise control. This should be corrected by identifying explicitly that ownership is vested in the Crown. Legal analogues exist with respect to disease control and water management that could form the basis of an appropriate legislative framework.
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Garnett, Stephen T., Greg Williams, Gillian B. Ainsworth, and Michael O'Donnell. "Erratum to: Who owns feral camels? Implications for managers of land and resources in central Australia." Rangeland Journal 32, no. 2 (2010): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09047_er.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews the legislation relating to ownership of feral camels in Australia. We find that, as a general proposition, a feral camel is owned by neither the landowner nor the Government (the Crown), unless State or Territory legislation provides otherwise. This occurs in two limited situations and only for New South Wales and South Australia. Relevant State and Territory legislation can prescribe that feral camels cannot be taken or used without a relevant licence or permit, but only Western Australia and Queensland appear to do this. Lack of legislative certainty about ownership of camels has resulted in a clear market failure whereby there is also little or no private incentive to exercise control. This should be corrected by identifying explicitly that ownership is vested in the Crown. Legal analogues exist with respect to disease control and water management that could form the basis of an appropriate legislative framework.
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Klein, TA, LW Burgess, and FW Ellison. "The incidence of crown rot in wheat, barley and triticale when sown on two dates." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 4 (1989): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890559.
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Thirteen bread wheat cultivars, a durum wheat, a barley and a triticale cultivar were assessed in the field for their reaction to crown rot (Fusarium graminearum Group 1), based on the incidence of basal browning. Plots were sown in May and again in July at 2 sites i n northern New South Wales where the incidence of crown rot was high in the previous year. The incidence of infected plants and the incidence of plants with basal browning tended to be higher in all cultivars when sown in May. There was a mean loss in potential yield at 1 site of 35% and 18% at the other site. However, the mean loss in potential yield was unaffected by sowing date.
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Motuz, Mariia. "POSITION OF AMBASSADORS OF THE BELZ VOIVODESHIP AT THE TORUN SEJM OF 1576." Kyiv Historical Studies 11, no. 2 (2020): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2020.2.12.
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The author explores the peculiarities of the functioning of parliamentarism in the Ukrainian lands during their stay in the Commonwealth. The county Sejm of the Belz Voivodeship in the 1570s is used as an example. Particular attention is paid to the activities of representatives of this region at the Toruń Sejm in 1576. As a result of the research, it is established that the Belz ambassadors were consolidating with the representatives of the Ukrainian voivodeships and the crown nobility in the main issues considered during this Sejm. Thus, the nobility demanded the establishment of the Crown Tribunal and the strengthening of the defense of the south-eastern borders of the state. Instead, the newly elected monarch insisted on the need to convene a joint movement to quell the uprising in Gdansk and adopt new taxes. Due to the different positions of the king and the Chamber of Ambassadors, the Sejm ended without the adoption of the Constitution and the Universal Order.
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Stovold, GE, and A. Francis. "Incidence of Colletotrichum trifolii on lucerne in New South Wales, its host range and reaction of lucerne cultivars to inoculation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 2 (1988): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880203.
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Colletotrichurn trifolii, the cause of stem anthracnose and crown rot of lucerne, was detected in all major lucerne growing areas of New South Wales. The disease was more common and more severe in regions north of latitude 33�S. Most outbreaks occurred from February to June. The highest concentrations of spores for inoculations were produced on lima bean agar. Carnation leaf-piece agar was also satisfactory and was used as a routine medium for spore production. Viability of spores declined rapidly in cultures older than 7 days. Isolates of C. trifolii from New South Wales were most virulent on lucerne. Less severe symptoms were produced on other Medicago spp. and some Trifolium spp. Several grain legumes were inoculated but only chickpea showed slight symptoms. Two methods were used to evaluate the reaction of a range of lucerne cultivars and breeder's lines to C. trifolii. The standard inoculation method used in experiments in other countries and in local experiments produced the most severe symptoms and the ratings obtained agreed generally with known field reactions. A germination-inoculation method resulted in less severe symptoms and the ratings were poor indicators of field performance. Several cultivars showed a significantly higher resistance (P< 0.05) to C. trifolii and should prove useful in areas where the disease is endemic.
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Felton, W. L., H. Marcellos, C. Alston, R. J. Martin, D. Backhouse, L. W. Burgess, and D. F. Herridge. "Chickpea in wheat-based cropping systems of northern New South Wales. II. Influence on biomass, grain yield, and crown rot in the following wheat crop." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97067.
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Rotational effects of chickpea, an important N2-fixing pulse legume of the northern grains region, on subsequent wheat require quantification of the contribution of the legume to soil N and the N status of the wheat, and of suppression of soil and stubble-borne pathogens, such as crown rot (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe Group 1). Results from selected treatments of 10 experiments in northern New South Wales in which chickpea and wheat in one season were followed by wheat in following seasons indicated generally higher dry matter (DM) and grain yields of wheat after chickpea than after wheat. Responses to chickpea were -0·8 to 3·3 t/ha (shoot DM) and -3 to 39 kg N/ha (shoot N). Responses in wheat grain yields were -0·1 to 1·7 t/ha (mean 0·85 t/ha); grain N responses were -2 to 33 kg/ha (mean 19 kg/ha). Grain protein responses were small (0·6%) and variable. Although these productivity responses could be explained largely in terms of additional nitrate-N following chickpea, we measured reduced incidences of crown rot in wheat after chickpea (range 1-36%, mean of 12%), compared with wheat after wheat (range 5-52%, mean 30%). Modelling the incidence of crown rot indicated highly significant interactions between prior crop and total water (pre-plant soil water plus in-crop rainfall). When wheat followed chickpea, incidence of the disease declined sharply with increasing water. When wheat followed wheat, there was a marginal decline in disease incidence with increasing water. Our results support the strategy of using legumes in rotation with wheat in the northern grains region for enhanced soil-N supply and disease-break effects.
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Bell, Stephen A. J. "Translocation of threatened terrestrial orchids into non‐mined and post‐mined lands in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales, Australia." Restoration Ecology 28, no. 6 (September 30, 2020): 1396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.13224.
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Forknall, Clayton R., Steven Simpfendorfer, and Alison M. Kelly. "Using Yield Response Curves to Measure Variation in the Tolerance and Resistance of Wheat Cultivars to Fusarium Crown Rot." Phytopathology® 109, no. 6 (June 2019): 932–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-18-0354-r.
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The disease crown rot, caused predominantly by the fungal pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum, is a major disease of winter cereals in many regions of the world, including Australia. A methodology is proposed, using response curves, to robustly estimate the relationship between grain yield and increasing crown rot pathogen burdens. Using data from a field experiment conducted in northern New South Wales, Australia in 2016, response curves were derived for five commercial wheat cultivars exposed to six increasing rates of crown rot inoculum, where the rates served to establish a range of crown rot pathogen burdens. In this way, the response curve methodology is fundamentally different from alternate approaches that rely on genetic or environmental variation to establish a range in pathogen burdens over which yield loss relationships are estimated. By manipulating only the rates of crown rot inoculum and, thus, pathogen burden directly, the number of additional confounding factors and interactions are minimized, enabling the robust estimation of the rate of change in yield due to increasing crown rot pathogen burdens for each cultivar. The methodology revealed variation in the rate of change in yield between cultivars, along with the extent of crown rot symptoms expressed by the cultivars. Variation in the rate of change in yield between cultivars provides definitive evidence of differences in the tolerance of commercial Australian wheat cultivars to crown rot caused by F. pseudograminearum, while variation in the extent of crown rot symptoms signifies differences in the resistance of the cultivars to this disease. The response curve methodology also revealed variation in how the different mechanisms of tolerance and resistance act to limit yield losses due to crown rot for different cultivars.
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Coops, N., M. Stanford, K. Old, M. Dudzinski, D. Culvenor, and C. Stone. "Assessment of Dothistroma Needle Blight of Pinus radiata Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery." Phytopathology® 93, no. 12 (December 2003): 1524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.12.1524.
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Dothistroma needle blight is a serious foliar disease in Australian Pinus radiata plantations causing defoliation, decreased productivity and, in extreme cases, tree death. Conventional methods of monitoring forest health such as aerial survey and ground assessments are labor intensive, time consuming, and subjective. Remote sensing provides a synoptic view of the canopy and can indicate areas affected by damaging agents such as pests and pathogens. Hyperspectral airborne remote sensing imagery (CASI-2) was acquired over pine stands in southern New South Wales, Australia which had been ground assessed and ranked on an individual tree basis, according to the extent of Dothistroma needle blight. A series of spectral indices were tested using two different approaches for extracting crown-scale reflectance measurements and relating these to ground-based estimates of severity. Dothistroma needle blight is most severe in the lower crown and statistically significant relationships were found between crown reflectance values and ground estimates using a ‘halo’ approach (which ignored each tree crown's brightest central pixels). Independent accuracy assessment of the method indicated that the technique could successfully detect three levels of Dothistroma needle blight infection with an accuracy of over 70%.
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McKenzie, DC, and HB So. "Effect of gypsum on vertisols of the Gwydir Valley, New South Wales. 1. Soil properties and wheat growth." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 1 (1989): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890051.
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The effect of gypsum on the properties and crop productivity of 6 contrasting vertisols of the Gwydir Valley, New South Wales was investigated in 1978 and 1979. These soils are often used for dryland wheat production, although crop growth is generally restricted by their structural instability. In 2 of the soils used in our study, the surface aggregates were sodic and dispersive (poor soils), 2 were relatively stable when wetted (good soils), whilst the other 2 soils had surface aggregates that were intermediate in behaviour (intermediate soils). The effects of added gypsum at 4 rates (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t ha-1) on soil water profiles, soil properties and the growth of wheat were monitored over a 2 year period. Dryland wheat grain yields were increased by as much as 230% following the application of gypsum. Benefits were most pronounced on clays with sodic topsoils, a high water-holding capacity and adequate nutrition; plant response to gypsum on nearby soils with non-dispersive surfaces was less pronounced. Yield increases were associated with better seedling establishment, greater tiller production, increased grain weight, and lower incidence of 'Crown Rot' disease. Plant response to gypsum was related to improved water penetration into the soil, allowing greater storage of water in the subsoil, rather than loss via evaporation and possibly runoff. Increases as high as 137% in the soil water storage to a depth of 1.2 m were observed. Crop performance was also strongly influenced by rainfall, time of sowing and weed control. Where nitrogen and, to a lesser extent, phosphorus, were deficient in gypsum-treated soil, they had to be added before the extra soil water could be utilised effectively by wheat. On the lighter textured clays, gypsum appeared to aggravate nitrogen deficiency, apparently because of enhanced leaching.
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Mcdonald, G., TR New, and RA Farrow. "Geographical and Temporal Distribution of the Common Armyworm, Mythimna Convecta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Eastern Australia: Larval Habitats and Outbreaks." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 6 (1995): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950601.
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Surveys for juvenile Mythimna convecta throughout the agricultural and arid regions of eastern Australia were conducted from 1986 to 1989. Armyworm populations north of 33 degrees S were generally dominated by M. convecta, and further south by Persectania ewingii. M. convecta was most widely distributed in spring. Incidence during autumn and winter ranged from very low in Victoria to high in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. Summer infestations were found mostly on the south-east coast where favourable habitats were abundant. Colonised habitats included extremely arid regions, where small numbers of larvae were associated with grasses in temporary watercourses, and the higher-rainfall, eastern regions. The largest infestations occurred in south-east Queensland and north central and north-east New South Wales, particularly after heavy autumn rains. There appeared to be two generations of M. convecta over the autumn/winter period: the first a synchronised event starting on the autumn rains and the second commencing in June/July and comprising a wide spread in age distribution. The progeny of the winter generation are probably the source of most economic outbreaks. Mythimna convecta larvae were collected from subtropical and temperate grasses. In the former, most larvae were found in tussocks, particularly of Dichanthium sericeum and Chloris truncata, which provided a dense, fine-leaf crown and canopy. After good autumn rainfall and vegetative growth, the wiry-stemmed tussocks, including Astrebla spp. and C. ciliaris, were also common hosts. The temperate grasses, particularly Avena fatua and Hordeum leporinum, were the main winter hosts although the greatest densities were found only in thick swards of growth, particularly those that contained dried grass. Two of the largest surveys, in autumn 1987 and 1988, followed periods of heavy rain and provided strongly contrasting results. The 1987 survey of central and south-west Queensland located no M. convecta larvae, indicating that densities were below detection thresholds. The paucity of larvae was attributed to lack of suitable atmospheric conditions to assist moth immigrations and absence of adequate populations in potential source areas. The 1988 survey revealed a major outbreak of M. convecta larvae in south-east Queensland and northern New South Wales. The area received record rains during early April of that year, and the outbreak probably arose from moth migrations from the east and south-east coast. An outbreak of similar scale occurred after further heavy autumn rains in 1989.
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Quinn, Michael. "Committed to Conserve: the Western Lands Act, 1901, and the Management of the Public Estate of the Western Division of New South Wales." Australian Geographical Studies 35, no. 2 (July 1997): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00018.
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Taylor, Jennifer E., Vaughan Monamy, and Barry J. Fox. "Flowering of Xanthorrhoea fulva: the Effect of Fire and Clipping." Australian Journal of Botany 46, no. 2 (1998): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96100.
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Xanthorrhoea fulva (A.Lee) Bedford is a dominant plant of wet heath at Myall Lakes National Park, New South Wales, Australia. As for many other members of the genus, fire is the main stimulus for flowering of X. fulva. The stimulus to flowering provided by fire and by crown removal (clipping) of X. fulva was compared in two different seasons and for two different between-fire intervals. The percentage of X. fulva crowns flowering was greater following: (i) summer disturbance when compared with winter disturbance; (ii) short between-fire intervals (3.75 or 5.25 years) when compared with long between-fire intervals (9.3 or 16.9 years); and (iii) burning when compared with clipping. This demonstrates that the stimulus to floral induction in X. fulva is a combination of a seasonal component and crown removal, a component related to the interval since the last fire, and perhaps some other factor(s) not tested for in this study. This variation in flowering response of X. fulva shows the importance of considering immediate and historic characteristics of fire and other disturbances when management decisions are being made.
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Mo, Matthew. "Red-eared Sliders Trachemys scripta elegans in southern Sydney, including new incursions." Australian Zoologist 40, no. 2 (December 2019): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2018.022.
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The invasive Red-eared Slider Trachemys scripta elegans has spread extensively, forming naturalised populations on all continents except Antarctica. Ranked among the 100 worst invasive species, there are biosecurity concerns that native turtles become outcompeted and displaced, as well as other speculative impacts. The actual ecological impacts in Australia have not been properly studied, however impacts shown in other countries are concerning. Incursions have presented in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. A number of sightings have been reported from southern Sydney, including six sites where more than one slider has persisted. The incursions at Yeramba Lagoon in the Georges River National Park and the Centennial Parklands have been the most documented, whereas incursions in the Lime Kiln Bay Wetland, Rockdale Wetlands Corridor and Audley in the Royal National Park appear to have occurred recently. To date, breeding in southern Sydney has only been confirmed at Yeramba Lagoon. A range of removal techniques have been successfully applied to eradicate isolated incursions in Brisbane and Melbourne. However, these options are difficult to implement in southern Sydney sites where incursions occur in high visitation public lands.
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Kass, Dorothy, and Martin Sullivan. "The New South Wales Teachers Federation, the Conciliation Committee of 1927-1929, and the Formation of the Educational Workers League." History of Education Review 49, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-07-2019-0026.
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Purpose Originally written in the 1990s but unpublished, the paper is now revised; the purpose of this paper is to examine the context of the formation of the Educational Workers League of NSW in 1931 with particular emphasis on the NSW Crown Employees (Teachers) Conciliation Committee and the enactment of its agreement in the worsening economic conditions of the Depression. The aims, reception and possible influence of the League on Federation policy and practice are addressed. Design/methodology/approach Primary source material consulted includes the minutes of the Conciliation Committee’s sittings from September 1927 to July 1929; papers relating to the Educational Workers League held in the Teachers Federation Library; and the Teachers Federation journal, Education. Findings The Conciliation Committee’s proceedings and outcomes had far reaching implications. The resultant salary agreement received a hostile reception from assistant teachers and fuelled distrust between assistants and headmasters. As economic depression deepened, dissatisfaction with the conservative leadership and tactics of the Federation increased. One outcome was the formation of the radical, leftist Educational Workers League by teachers, including Sam Lewis, who would later play key roles within the Federation itself. Originality/value While acknowledging the extensive earlier work of Bruce Mitchell, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of teacher unionism and teacher activism in the 1920s and 1930s. Apart from brief attention by Federation historians in the 1960s and 1970s, there has been no history of the formation, reception and significance of the Educational Workers League.
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Suh, J.-Y., G. F. Birch, K. Hughes, and C. Matthai. "Spatial distribution and source of heavy metals in reclaimed lands of Homebush Bay: the venue of the 2000 Olympic Games, Sydney, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 1 (February 2004): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1400-0952.2003.01043.x.
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Williams, N., and R. Johnston. "'not Passing Through': Aboriginal Stakeholders in the Rangelands." Rangeland Journal 16, no. 2 (1994): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9940198.
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Comparison of Aboriginal interests in rangelands in western New South Wales with those in north- western Northern Temtory and the Kimberley of Western Australia reveals little difference in their history, aspirations for land acquisition, or plans for multiple use management. Throughout Australia, Aboriginal people who are traditional owners of rangelands continue to live on or near the land they regard as traditionally theirs. This is true of the more closely settled rangelands as well as remote regions. In all the rangeland areas Aboriginal people now wish (and following the Mabo decision may more realistically expect to gain) some form of freehold title to at least some of their land. Aboriginal people whose traditional lands are located in western New South Wales have access to very little of their land but have maintained their connection to it. They have aspirations of obtaining access to and control over portions of it, with plans to manage it under a multiple use regime that would include small-scale sustainable pastoralism and agriculture, while living in dispersed family groups on the land. Aboriginal people's desire to retain access to their traditional land for non-economic reasons (spiritual, social, historical) is paramount. Should the Commonwealth Land Fund legislation be enacted, cultural imperatives as well as economic viability will need to be taken into account in the purchase of land. Planning for future management should incorporate traditional ecological knowledge and should involve Aboriginal traditional owners and their organisations, such as land councils and resource agencies, in local and regional planning.
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Altic, Mirela. "The Spanish contribution to the exploration and charting of the South Pacific (1770–75): Knowledge exchange in the South Sea." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00126_1.
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This article analyses the Spanish contribution to the exploration and charting of the South Pacific at the time of Captain James Cook. The article focuses on three expeditions conducted in the Age of Enlightenment, reflecting certain changes in the discourse of exploration and dissemination of knowledge. Captain Don Felipe González de Ahedo arrived on Easter Island in 1770, claimed it in the name of the Spanish crown and, with the help of his navigator Juan Hervé, conducted detailed charting of the island. Hervé would play a key role in the next two expeditions sent to the South Pacific by the Viceroy of Peru, Manuel de Amat y Junyent. The two expeditions led by Domingo de Bonechea Andonaegui in 1772–73 and 1774–75 explored and charted Tahiti and the Tuamotu Archipelago. As a result of the expeditions, apart from comprehensive travel logs, a series of some ninety charts appeared, documenting the achievements of Spanish maritime cartography of the South Pacific. In this article, interaction between Spanish and other explorative cartographers will be considered, giving special regard to the influence of Cook. The article presents the Spanish manuscript charts of the South Pacific that are kept in the State Library of New South Wales (Somaglia Collection), the Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid), the Archivo General de Indias (Seville), the Museo Naval de Madrid and Biblioteca Nacional de Chile.
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Fletcher, Ned, and Dame Sian Elias. ""A Collusive Suit to ""Confound the Rights of Property Through the Length and Breadth of the Colony""?: Busby v White (1859) "." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 41, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v41i3.5215.
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In Busby v White, James Busby sought to challenge the validity of the Land Claims Ordinance 1841 which treated his pre-Treaty of Waitangi land purchases as "null and void". He had campaigned against the New South Wales statute which preceded the Ordinance, and throughout the 1840s continued to argue against the legislation through political channels, while maintaining his claim to hold the lands under his "native title". By the 1850s holding by "native title" was increasingly precarious as the Government moved to acquire Busby's lands for the purposes of settlement. Busby was forced to law. His aim was to set up the validity of the legislation as a question of law which could be taken to the Privy Council for authoritative resolution. Busby v White was the second attempt to establish a platform for appeal. As in his earlier claim, Busby v McKenzie, the Supreme Court avoided a determination on the merits, thus thwarting Busby's strategy of appealing to London. Although no substantive decision was delivered, the extensive argument was fully reported in The Southern Cross newspaper, from which the Lost Cases Project has recovered it. Its interest today is in arguments which question the course set by R v Symonds (1847) on the nature of native property in New Zealand and the subsequent relegation of the Treaty of Waitangi to legal limbo in Wi Parata v Bishop of Wellington (1877).
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Backhouse, D. "Forecasting the risk of crown rot between successive wheat crops." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 11 (2006): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04189.
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Published data from long-term trials at Moree, New South Wales (1986–1996), and Billa Billa, Queensland (1986–1993), were analysed to determine the factors that influence the incidence of crown rot, caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, in successive stubble-retained, no-till wheat crops and to examine the feasibility of developing a forecasting system for the disease. Polyetic progress of the epidemics could be described by a form of the logistic growth model with a carrying capacity (K) about 5% higher than the maximum recorded incidence at each site. Infection rate between seasons was positively correlated with yield and in-crop rainfall in the previous season, both of which were indicators of biomass. Infection rate was negatively correlated with rainfall parameters during the summer fallows, which were indicators of conditions favouring residue decomposition. In-crop rainfall, stored soil moisture and temperature parameters were not significantly correlated with infection rates. Multiple regressions based on incidence in the previous season, summer rainfall and either yield or in-crop rainfall in the previous season accounted for 65–81% of the variation in disease incidence at Moree and 86% of the variation in incidence at Billa Billa. Simplified parameters for use in on-farm forecasting systems were explored. The most useful of these was the square root of the product of incidence and either yield or in-crop rainfall, which gave sufficiently accurate predictions at each site to estimate the qualitative risk of crown rot in the following crop. This could be used to decide whether management options such as resistant varieties, rotations or burning were required.
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Hacker, Ronald B., Peter J. Jessop, Warren J. Smith, and Gavin J. Melville. "A ground cover-based incentive approach to enhancing resilience in rangelands viewed as complex adaptive systems." Rangeland Journal 32, no. 3 (2010): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10011.
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Inconsistencies can commonly be expected between the financial goals of rangeland grazing enterprises and public conservation goals such as maintenance of ground cover to reduce erosion. Where the State wishes to promote conservation outcomes, incentive schemes which reward these outcomes on privately managed grazing lands are an option. We describe one such scheme intended to achieve conservation outcomes and support the development of resilience in the complex adaptive (human–environmental) rangeland system through payments related to measured ground cover. A pilot program in western New South Wales has shown that the practical operation of such a program is uncomplicated and that while several theoretical issues could be further refined there is a rationale for extension of the program based on parameters and processes that are agreed by the participants. We suggest that development of such a scheme should be considered as part of the policy mix related to natural resource management and drought assistance.