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Journal articles on the topic 'Crowdsourced last mile delivery'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2024

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1

Ghaderi, Hadi, Lele Zhang, Pei-Wei Tsai, and Jihoon Woo. "Crowdsourced last-mile delivery with parcel lockers." International Journal of Production Economics 251 (September 2022): 108549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108549.

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2

Pan, Yan, Shining Li, Qianwu Chen, Nan Zhang, Tao Cheng, Zhigang Li, Bin Guo, Qingye Han, and Ting Zhu. "Efficient Schedule of Energy-Constrained UAV Using Crowdsourced Buses in Last-Mile Parcel Delivery." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448079.

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Stimulated by the dramatical service demand in the logistics industry, logistics trucks employed in last-mile parcel delivery bring critical public concerns, such as heavy cost burden, traffic congestion and air pollution. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are a promising alternative tool in last-mile delivery, which is however limited by insufficient flight range and load capacity. This paper presents an innovative energy-limited logistics UAV schedule approach using crowdsourced buses. Specifically, when one UAV delivers a parcel, it first lands on a crowdsourced social bus to parcel destination, gets recharged by the wireless recharger deployed on the bus, and then flies from the bus to the parcel destination. This novel approach not only increases the delivery range and load capacity of battery-limited UAVs, but is also much more cost-effective and environment-friendly than traditional methods. New challenges therefore emerge as the buses with spatiotemporal mobility become the bottleneck during delivery. By landing on buses, an Energy-Neutral Flight Principle and a delivery scheduling algorithm are proposed for the UAVs. Using the Energy-Neutral Flight Principle, each UAV can plan a flying path without depleting energy given buses with uncertain velocities. Besides, the delivery scheduling algorithm optimizes the delivery time and number of delivered parcels given warehouse location, logistics UAVs, parcel locations and buses. Comprehensive evaluations using a large-scale bus dataset demonstrate the superiority of the innovative logistics UAV schedule approach.
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3

Wang, Weichen. "Crowdsourced Logistics: A Review of Research." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 14, no. 2 (April 6, 2024): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/am20rf79.

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Crowdsourced logistics is a logistics mode developed under the backdrop of the "Internet+" era. In this mode, companies delegate the logistics and distribution tasks, originally performed by employed personnel, to the idle workforce in society. This approach helps companies alleviate the last-mile delivery issue, reduce costs, and facilitate the reallocation of social resources, attracting considerable attention from scholars. This paper provides a brief overview of the research in the field of crowdsourced logistics, summarizing four major research directions and related research findings. It is observed that research in crowdsourced logistics still lacks in addressing service issues, quality evaluation systems, and quality optimization.
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Dupljanin, D., M. Mirkovic, S. Dumnic, D. Culibrk, S. Milisavljevic, and D. Sarac. "Urban Crowdsourced Last Mile Delivery: Mode of Transport Effects on Fleet Performance." International Journal of Simulation Modelling 18, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2507/ijsimm18(3)481.

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Elmay, Feruz, Maha Kadadha, Rabeb Mizouni, Shakti Singh, Hadi Otrok, and Azzam Mourad. "Digital twins and dynamic NFTs for blockchain-based crowdsourced last-mile delivery." Information Processing & Management 61, no. 4 (July 2024): 103756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103756.

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Dunno, Kyle, and Purushottam Chavan. "Measurement and Analysis of Crowdsourced Vehicle Vibration Levels during Last Mile Delivery Segments for Parcel Shipments." Vibration 5, no. 4 (November 8, 2022): 792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration5040046.

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Crowdsourced logistics has emerged as a delivery channel for many single-parcel packages. As a result, this logistics network has introduced personal passenger vehicles as a means to transport parcels during last mile delivery segments. To understand this network’s vibration levels and cargo capacity restraints, four vehicle types (a sedan, sports sedan, compact SUV and full-size SUV) commonly used in crowdsourced logistics deliveries were selected for measurement and analysis. This study shows that the vibration levels were significantly higher in the vertical axis and that the overall vibration energy increased as vehicle speed increased, except in the sedan. The sedan and SUV vehicles showed power spectral density peak frequencies in the low-frequency range, occurring at approximately 2 Hz, matching previous studies using similar vehicles. The vibration levels were greatest in the sports sedan and lowest in the sedan. The recorded vibration events showed a right-skewed heavy-tailed distribution and were non-Gaussian.
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7

Wang, Li, Min Xu, and Hu Qin. "Joint optimization of parcel allocation and crowd routing for crowdsourced last-mile delivery." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 171 (May 2023): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2023.03.007.

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Odeh, Esraa, Shakti Singh, Rabeb Mizouni, and Hadi Otrok. "Crowdsourced auction-based framework for time-critical and budget-constrained last mile delivery." Information Processing & Management 62, no. 1 (January 2025): 103888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103888.

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9

Guo, Xuezhen, Yngrid Jaqueline Lujan Jaramillo, Jacqueline Bloemhof-Ruwaard, and G. D. H. Claassen. "On integrating crowdsourced delivery in last-mile logistics: A simulation study to quantify its feasibility." Journal of Cleaner Production 241 (December 2019): 118365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118365.

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10

Schnieder, Maren. "Visualising Carrier Consolidation and Alternative Delivery Locations: A Digital Model of Last-Mile Delivery in England and Wales." Logistics 8, no. 3 (August 1, 2024): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics8030077.

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Background: Various innovations have been proposed to improve the efficiency and sustainability of last-mile delivery in urban and rural environments. Notable examples of innovative delivery solutions are parcel lockers, cargo bicycles, crowdsourced delivery, and so on. Methods: This study contributes to the ongoing research by developing a large-scale digital model of England and Wales to evaluate a new generation of solutions for last-mile delivery challenges being faced in both rural areas and cities. The two innovations chosen for comparison in this study are (i) carrier consolidation and (ii) alternative delivery locations (i.e., delivery to the workplace instead of the home). As well as the effect on any individual locations, the digital model evaluates both the benefits for England and Wales as a whole. Furthermore, the influence of the market share on the results, as well as the effect of changing the number of depots, is assessed. Results: By delivering to the customer’s workplace instead of the home, the vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) reduce slightly (less than 10%). Carrier consolidation shows significant potential in reducing the overall VKT (up to 53%). When looking at individual areas in isolation, the consolidation option reduces the VKT or changes it up and down all within tolerance. Naturally, the first option causes a significant shift in delivery activity across England and Wales. Areas of central London would see in-excess of a 10-fold increase in the number of parcels delivered, whereas the demand for parcels in rural areas is further, and significantly reduced. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of large-scale and detailed digital models that not only calculate the overall benefits of an innovation but also their effect on each individual area.
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11

Karakikes, Ioannis, and Eftihia Nathanail. "Assessing the Impacts of Crowdshipping Using Public Transport: A Case Study in a Middle-Sized Greek City." Future Transportation 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp2010004.

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Crowdsourced deliveries or crowdshipping is identified in recent literature as an emerging urban freight transport solution, aiming at reducing delivery costs, congestion, and environmental impacts. By leveraging the pervasive use of mobile technology, crowdshipping is an emerging solution of the sharing economy in the transport domain, as parcels are delivered by commuters rather than corporations. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impacts of crowdshipping through alternative scenarios that consider various levels of demand and adoption by public transport users who act as crowdshippers, based on a case study example in the city of Volos, Greece. This is achieved through the establishment of a tailored evaluation framework and a city-scale urban freight traffic microsimulation model. Results show that crowdshipping has the potential to mitigate last-mile delivery impacts and effectively contribute to improving the system’s performance.
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12

He, Yinying, and Csaba Csiszár. "Model for Crowdsourced Parcel Delivery Embedded into Mobility as a Service Based on Autonomous Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 3042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113042.

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Faced promising development of autonomous vehicles, the concept Mobility as a Service embraces AVs. The autonomous delivery has also been arising and tested for last-mile solution. Accordingly, passenger transportation and delivery service are to be jointly coordinated in the future MaaS. The research niche is summarized as how to embed crowdsourced parcel delivery into MaaS based on AVs. Electricity powered vehicles are to be applied considering energy consumption and air emission. Research questions are identified as what this novel service is and how it works, especially focusing on task coordination and the related information management. The system engineering process-oriented approaches, matching theory, and numerical method have been applied. The service concept has been elaborated, which contains information system architecture model and functional model. The matching condition of this service is summarized. As the embedded delivery can partially share the demand of traditional delivery service, the calculation scenarios of energy savings and emission decrease per parcel delivery are presented. The results facilitate service planning and development.
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Song, Xingshuo, Shiyong Li, Hengli Liu, and Guoping Zhao. "Pricing Models for Crowdsourced Logistics Platforms: A Two-Sided Market Perspective." Systems 12, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12040119.

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The application of the crowdsourcing model to instant delivery has achieved remarkable success. Various crowdsourced logistics platforms have successfully addressed the challenges of last-mile delivery in urban areas by eliciting the active involvement of the public. This study takes a dual-market perspective and, considering the high requirements of instant delivery for timeliness, introduces two crucial factors: platform subsidies and the degree of public involvement. We establish a pricing model based on the Hotelling model and conduct in-depth research on the platform’s maximum profit and equilibrium pricing under different user attribution conditions. This study reveals that when the dispatching party has a single attribution, the platform can increase profits by reducing the intensity of cross-network externalities or increasing user transfer costs. In cases where the dispatching party has partial multiple attributions and the receiving party has a single attribution, lowering network externalities, increasing platform subsidies, enhancing public involvement, improving platform technical matching rates, and increasing the expected order quantity of the dispatching party all effectively increase the platform’s maximum profit. When both sides of users have partial multiple attributions, increasing public involvement increases the platform’s maximum profit. This research provides new theoretical support for the pricing strategy of crowdsourced logistics platforms.
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14

Wang, Wenjie, and Yulu Yin. "The Antecedents of Courier Continuance Participation Intention: A Dyadic Analysis of Courier–Customer Interactions in Crowdsourcing Delivery." Systems 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2024): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12110496.

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Crowdsourcing delivery has emerged as an innovative solution for last-mile delivery in the sharing economy era. However, enhancing courier continuance participation intention is an increasing challenge for crowdsourcing delivery platforms due to the independence of crowdsourced couriers. Given that couriers and customers are subject to interdependencies and may influence each other in delivery service systems, this paper utilizes a dyadic analysis to examine how courier–customer interactions may influence the continuance participation intention of couriers. Specifically, we investigate the influence mechanism of customer satisfaction and courier job satisfaction, as well as the mediating role of courier pay satisfaction, drawing upon the balance theory and distributive justice theory. The empirical results of 261 courier–customer dyads indicate that the customer side impacts the courier side in both direct and indirect ways. There is a direct satisfaction transmission in courier–customer delivery service interactions. Meanwhile, satisfied customers indirectly enhance courier job satisfaction via the mediator of courier pay satisfaction, which in turn strengthens courier continuance participation intention. Our study offers novel insights for administrators on the influence of courier–customer interactions and pay satisfaction on courier continuance participation intention, contributing to decreasing couriers’ turnover in the fluid crowdsourcing labor market.
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15

Fan, Xiaoyi, Jiangchuan Liu, Zhi Wang, Yong Jiang, and Xue Steve Liu. "CrowdNavi: Demystifying Last Mile Navigation With Crowdsourced Driving Information." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 13, no. 2 (April 2017): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2016.2616107.

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16

Risher, Jeffrey J., Dana E. Harrison, and Stephen A. LeMay. "Last mile non-delivery: consumer investment in last mile infrastructure." Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 28, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2020.1787846.

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17

Blagojević, Mladenka, Dragana Šarac, and Katarina Mostarac. "Selecting the Flexible Last-Mile Delivery Models Using Multicriteria Decision-Making." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 35, no. 5 (October 30, 2023): 635–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v35i5.292.

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Postal service providers can reorganize the last-mile delivery process within the scope of universal service and apply some of the flexible models for the organization of the delivery process. In this paper, the question of the selection of Flexible Last-Mile Delivery Models (FLMDM) is treated using multicriteria decision-making. We have identified four different sustainable models of last-mile delivery with an emphasis on the number of delivery workers. One postal service provider from Europe was selected, where proposed FLMDM are tested. The proposed last-mile delivery models are ranked using Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) technique. In this context, MCDA techniques are used to make a comparative assessment of alternatives. This paper aims to find the optimal delivery costs in each variant of the delivery model - an optimal number of workers for the last-mile delivery. The obtained results suggest the AB delivery model as the optimal choice for the last-mile delivery. Also, results ensure the complete allocation of the required number of technological workers in the delivery (the number of delivery workers), by applying the originally proposed, flexible solution (models) for the organization of last-mile delivery.
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18

Zeng, Yuxiang, Yongxin Tong, and Lei Chen. "Last-mile delivery made practical." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13, no. 3 (November 2019): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3368289.3368297.

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19

Funk, Kristin. "Last Mile." Advances in Social Work 21, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24844.

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This critical review of literature evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on health and mental health care delivery in rural Indiana, specifically the move to increased telehealth services. Telehealth has been a mostly positive experience for patients and providers. However, many Indiana residents are without the option of telehealth due to underdeveloped infrastructure that is necessary to support broadband access. This disparity is evidence of a larger social and health justice issue and illuminates a call to action for social workers on all levels to collaborate with community members, government agencies, and local programs to push the issue towards the public health arena and to promote broadband access as a human right.
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20

ZAINUDDIN, NIZAMUDIN, NORITA DERAMAN, DANUSHA RAMAN, and LOGASHA GANESAN. "EFFICIENCY OF LAST MILE DELIVERY OF LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDERS (LSPS) IN MALAYSIA: POST-COVID." Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v3i6.197.

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Several studies have researched on numerous areas about last mile delivery over the past years however, studies focusing on factors influencing efficiency of last mile delivery of logistics service providers (LSPs) is still fragmented and yet to be examined vigorously particularly during post-covid era. To fill the unanswered gaps of last mile delivery efficiency, this research aims to investigate the factors that influence efficiency of last mile delivery of logistics service providers (LSPs) in Malaysia in post-covid era. As a result, this research assists logistics service providers (LSPs) in identifying essential elements and focusing on these aspects in order to successfully improve and execute their last mile delivery services. Perhaps as a consequence, the authors think that this research will guarantee that the hurdles to achieving optimal last-mile delivery are addressed, ensuring the quality of transportation operations and a positive customer experience. This research was conducted in a quantitative approach and the method of data collection was conducted using the physical and online survey questionnaire to obtain responses from major LSPs involved in B2C e-commerce in Malaysia (Pos Malaysia, J&T Express, GDex, Ninjavan) using a non-probability sampling method. A total of 300 respondents participated in the survey from which all of them were taken from around LSPs situated in Malaysia. In accordance with analysis from regression, it is seemed issues from customer side factor seems the stronger influence in the efficiency of last mile delivery during the post covid era, followed by cost of last mile delivery and then by customer expectation. These variables should drive LSPs' strategies and dynamic attempts to enhance last mile delivery efficiency.
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Li, Feng, Zhi-Ping Fan, Bing-Bing Cao, and Hai-Mei Lv. "The Logistics Service Mode Selection for Last Mile Delivery Considering Delivery Service Cost and Capability." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 8080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198080.

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The last mile delivery service is an important part in the logistics service process of express enterprises. How to select a suitable logistics service mode for last mile delivery to maximize the delivery service capacity and minimize delivery service cost is a noteworthy problem, but studies on this problem are still lacking. In this paper, we first analyze three potential logistics service modes for last mile delivery, i.e., self-run mode, outsourcing mode, and alliance mode, and then propose a selection framework of logistics service mode for last mile delivery based on a two-dimensional matrix decision model according to the two dimensions of delivery service cost advantage and delivery service capability advantage. Next, we give the calculation formulas for the delivery service cost and delivery service capability. Furthermore, we propose a method for logistics service mode selection for last mile delivery according to delivery service costs and delivery service capabilities of three potential logistics service mode. Finally, we show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method by a case analysis.
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22

Kim, Yun-Jin, and Yong-Jeong Kim. "An Exploratory Study on the Supply Chain Structure of the Last Mile Delivery Industry Using Inter-Industry Analysis." Korean Logistics Research Association 32, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17825/klr.2022.32.5.65.

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The purpose of the study is to identify the degree of production induction effects and industrial synergy effects of the last mile delivery service industry. It also connects the industrial linkage structure of the last mile delivery industry with the concept of the supply chain. Ultimately, it identifies the structure of the service supply chain centered on the last mile delivery. It approaches research problems from a service science perspective. The philosophical basis of the study is the concept of service dominant logic. In addition, the research methodology is an inter-industry analysis of economics, and WIOD is used for analysis data. Petroleum product manufacturing and warehousing are the backward industries of the last mile delivery industry. And it seems clear that wholesale and retail industry are forward industries. Therefore, the last mile delivery industry plays a role in connecting the relationship between the supply industry, the manufacturing industry, and the distribution industry on the supply chain. In addition, the supply chain architecture of the last mile delivery service is significantly different from the existing manufacturing-oriented supply chain structure. Academically, the concept of a traditional manufacturing-oriented supply chain has been expanded to the service sector. And it identified the supply chain structure of the last mile delivery service. In practice, if a strategic industry is selected with limited resources, it will be an important indicator for determining investment priorities.
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D'agostini, Enrico. "Evaluating the Selection Factors for Vietnamese Last-Mile Delivery Service Providers using Best Worst Method." International Journal of Supply Chain Management 12, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.59160/ijscm.v12i2.6166.

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Recent trends in supply chain show that last mile delivery is one of the fastest growing segments in logistics yet, it remains one the most challenging ones in terms of reliability, cost, and consumers’ requirements. This study aims to identify the factors directly affecting the competitiveness of logistics companies providing last-mile delivery service under a consumers’ perspective. The study employs a best-worst method (BWM) to assess which alternative and which criteria are the preferred ones when selecting a last-mile service provider in Vietnam. The selected criteria include shipping cost, lead-time, customer service, insurance policy and delivery liability, and the alternative are three last-mile service providers namely GHN, GHTK, JT, the largest logistics companies operating in Vietnam. The study findings reveal that GHTK company is the most competitive last-mile service provider compared to the others due to outstanding intrinsic characteristics and competitive advantage. In particular, the findings of the paper show that customer value "Delivery cost" as the most important criterion in domestic last-mile delivery whilst "Customer Service" is the least important one in the Vietnamese market.
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Turská, Stanislava, Roman Chinoracký, Jana Kurotová, Simona Jaculjaková, and Iwona Rybick. "Delivery Models in Last Mile Logistics." Transport and Communications 6, no. 2 (2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tac.c.2018.2.5.

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In logistics the key problem of last mile is how to deliver goods from distribution hub to end users in cities and built-up areas. The paper deals with an issue of last mile delivery. The main objective of the paper is to analyse possible solutions how to deliver consignments to end customers. To achieve the aim, we realized secondary research in which we identified seven basic delivery models. Some of the delivery models are traditional, but there are delivery models which are a matter of the near future. One of the most appropriate solutions how to enhance effectiveness in the process of last mile delivery is to take advantages of every identified delivery model. Results of the research also imply a comparison of delivery models.
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Cho, Yuh‐Jen, Lin Xue, Shu-Rong Huang, and Zhe-Peng Yang. "Construction and Application of Customer Satisfaction Model with theService Quality of Last-Mile Delivery in Rural Areas." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (April 15, 2021): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.69.

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The backward last-mile delivery infrastructures, the greater difficulties in last-mile delivery due to the scattered residences of rural customers and the lack of logistics professionals in rural areas have emerged as the important factors hindering the improvement of the service quality of last-mile delivery in rural areas. This study combines the classic satisfaction index model and transformation of the SERVQUAL standard scale to draw up the connotations and observation variables of customer expectations, quality perception, perceived value, customer satisfaction, customer complaints and customer loyalty with the service quality of last-mile delivery in rural areas, and takes 460 permanent residents in rural areas as the research objects, then constructs and tests the customer satisfaction model of the service quality of last-mile delivery in rural areas, and deeply analyzes the relationship between customer satisfaction and its influencing factors; by constructing a twodimensional combination potential of entropy weight-satisfaction average value, the in-depth application of the model is discussed, and at the same time, it provides policy suggestions for local governments, logistics companies and other entities to improve the customer satisfaction with the service quality of last-mile delivery in rural areas
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Sina Mohri, Seyed, Hadi Ghaderi, Tom Van Woensel, Mehrdad Mohammadi, Neema Nassir, and Russell G. Thompson. "Contextualizing alternative delivery points in last mile delivery." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 192 (December 2024): 103787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2024.103787.

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Bányai, Tamás, Béla Illés, and Ágota Bányai. "Smart Scheduling: An Integrated First Mile and Last Mile Supply Approach." Complexity 2018 (July 26, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5180156.

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Supply chain management applies more and more Industry 4.0 innovations to increase their availability, elasticity, sustainability, and efficiency. In interconnected logistics networks, operations are integrated from suppliers through 3rd party logistics providers to customers. There are different delivery models depending on the time and cost. In the last few years, a wide range of customers is willing to pay an extra fee for the same delivery or instant delivery. This fact led to the increased importance of the optimized design and control of first mile/last mile (FMLM) delivery solutions. Cyberphysical system-based service innovations make it possible to enhance the productivity of FMLM delivery in the big data environment. The design and operation problems can be described as NP-hard optimization problems. These problems can be solved using sophisticated models and methods based on heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms. This research proposes an integrated supply model of FMLM delivery. After a careful literature review, this paper introduces a mathematical model to formulate the problem of real-time smart scheduling of FMLM delivery. The integrated model includes the assignment of first mile and last mile delivery tasks to the available resources and the optimization of operations costs, while constraints like capacity, time window, and availability are taken into consideration. Next, a black hole optimization- (BHO-) based algorithm dealing with a multiobjective supply chain model is presented. The sensitivity of the enhanced algorithm is tested with benchmark functions. Numerical results with different datasets demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model and validate the usage of Industry 4.0 inventions in FMLM delivery.
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28

Gdowska, Katarzyna, Ana Viana, and João Pedro Pedroso. "Stochastic last-mile delivery with crowdshipping." Transportation Research Procedia 30 (2018): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.09.011.

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29

Patro, Ravindra Kumar, Subhash Chandra, and Janaki Prasad Patro. "Drone Integration in Last-Mile Delivery Operations." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 8, no. 2 (October 13, 2024): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.2286.

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Purpose: This research examines the integration of drone technology into last-mile delivery operations, focusing on its impact on supply chain efficiency, cost reduction, and sustainability. The study explores operational challenges, such as air traffic management, payload limitations, regulatory compliance, and public perception, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drones can reshape last-mile logistics. Methodology: The study employs a multi-faceted approach, combining historical analysis, in-depth case studies, and scenario planning to assess the impact of drone technology on last-mile delivery efficiency, cost optimization, and accessibility. Data is gathered from industry reports, interviews with logistics professionals, and regulatory documents. Thematic analysis is conducted to identify critical patterns, while scenario-based modeling offers insight into the potential outcomes of various integration strategies. A comparative evaluation of existing last-mile delivery methods against drone-based delivery models is also provided. Findings: The research reveals that drone technology offers significant potential for enhancing last-mile delivery efficiency, particularly in urban areas and remote locations, aligning with findings from studies like those by Murray & Chu (2015). However, the study identifies considerable obstacles, including regulatory challenges, limited payload capacities, and public acceptance issues. Solutions such as airspace regulation frameworks, collaborative logistics networks, and advanced battery technologies are highlighted as critical enablers for successful drone integration. Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on drone technology's role in logistics by providing a comprehensive framework for businesses and policymakers to navigate the complexities of drone integration. It recommends actionable steps for integrating drones into last-mile delivery, bridging the gap between theoretical innovation and practical application. It provides policy recommendations for regulatory bodies to develop airspace management systems that support drone operations. For practitioners, the research offers a strategic guide to overcoming operational challenges, facilitating the adoption of drones as a sustainable solution for last-mile delivery.
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Niu, Haohan, Jiyuan Jia, and Yunqi He. "Research on the Optimization Strategy of Last-Mile Distribution under the E-Commerce Logistics Model." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 15, no. 2 (May 27, 2024): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/4h5qvz77.

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With the rapid development of e-commerce, last-mile delivery, as a key link in e-commerce logistics, is essential to provide efficient and punctual delivery services. This study aims to explore the optimization strategy of last-mile delivery under the e-commerce logistics model to improve delivery efficiency, reduce costs, and provide a better user experience. This study adopts the method of literature review and case analysis, combined with the actual e-commerce logistics operation, to conduct an in-depth study on the problem of last-mile delivery.
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Myslimi, Olta, Paul Muinde Maweu, and Premilla Padayachee. "ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION ON ENHANCING THE LAST-MILE DELIVERY AND ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION SUSTAINABILITY POST COVID-19." International Journal of Business Management and Economic Review 07, no. 05 (2024): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35409/ijbmer.2024.3616.

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The purpose of the study was to assess the role technology on enhancing the last-mile delivery and environment conservation sustainability. Specifically, it focused on providing answers to the following questions: Is technology enhancing last mile deliveries post Covid-19 pandemic? Are businesses using technology solutions to mitigate last mile delivery challenges? Is use of technology in last mile delivery helping in environment conservation sustainability? Does technology enhance effective B2B and B2C deliveries? The study adopted desktop research design and used secondary data based on analysing published scientific papers through platforms; Web of Science, Scopus and Emerald with majority of information derived from journals or conference proceedings not more than three years after covid-19 i.e. 2023 from the internet sources. The study found that technology enhanced last mile delivery, due to the accelerating pace of digital innovation, increased online participation, rapid growth in data analytics and transmission, and platforms facilitating innovation. The sampled papers proved that new technological development increased the efficiency, visibility, transparency of inventory levels, demand forecasting, production processes, and logistics which emphasized the role of technology as a facilitator of supply chain. The findings showed that, Technology on e-commerce experienced a massive growth within the years after Covid-19 and more and more businesses headed to the online system to sell their products and services and more customers turned to online due to convenience of the online purchase system. The results showed that, technology use in last mile delivery enhanced environmental conservation sustainability by reducing traffic in roads since orders for one location can be delivered by one truck. The study also, found challenges of last-mile delivery and presented a detailed understanding on the technology innovative solutions to mitigate the challenges. As depicted by the sampled researches last mile delivery challenges included delivery inefficiency, high costs, delayed deliveries, low-visibility, outdated technology, inaccurate route planning. Therefore, modern technology proved to be a main facilitator in addressing these challenges by providing faster deliveries, higher visibility and better quality and environment conservation sustainability. The study recommended increase of use of modern technology to enhance further last mile delivery and environment conservation sustainability.
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Mogire, Eric, Peter Kilbourn, and Rose Luke. "THE LAST MILE DELIVERY PROBLEM: A KENYAN RETAIL PERSPECTIVE." Acta logistica 09, no. 04 (December 31, 2022): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v9i4.329.

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The article aims to determine the last mile delivery challenges faced by online retailers in Kenya. This is based on the online retailing sub-sector’s contribution to the country’s economy. Despite its significant contribution to the country’s economy, little is known about the challenges facing online retailers during last mile delivery. In other countries such as China and South Africa, that are doing better in online retailing, extensive research has been done to determine unique challenges facing their online retailers during last mile delivery. It is important for the online retailers and relevant government agencies in Kenya to understand the last mile delivery factors that hinder the growth e-commerce. A qualitative research design using face-to-face interviews was used to collect data from seven online retail managers in Nairobi. The findings revealed there are a variety of last mile delivery challenges facing online retailers. These include the lack of a good national addressing system, traffic concerns, security concerns, high cost of delivery, postal service unreliability, and unconducive county government by-laws. The lack of a good national addressing system was found to be the most common last mile delivery challenge facing online retailers in Nairobi. It is recommended that retailers request their customers to share location details via online map applications such as Google Maps to overcome this challenge. The use of other delivery options, such as customer pick-up points of convenience can also be considered.
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Lim, Stanley Frederick W. T., and Matthias Winkenbach. "Configuring the Last-Mile in Business-to-Consumer E-Retailing." California Management Review 61, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 132–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008125618805094.

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Fulfillment strategies that offer consumers a consistent shopping experience across different channels and devices through a variety of last-mile delivery options have emerged as a powerful engine for growth in the retail sector. To thrive in this new environment, retailers need to (re)configure their last-mile supply networks to achieve better alignment between delivery responsiveness, product variety, and convenience. This article reviews multiple case studies of leading retailers across geographical regions, maps these retailers’ network configurations, and conducts consumer surveys to examine how retailers operate their last-mile distribution to cope with omnichannel demands. This study develops a typology consisting of four ideal forms of last-mile supply networks differentiated by the speed of delivery responsiveness and level of product variety. It proposes a set of prescriptive guidelines for retailers to undertake reconfiguration of their last-mile distribution.
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Borghetti, Fabio, Claudia Caballini, Angela Carboni, Gaia Grossato, Roberto Maja, and Benedetto Barabino. "The Use of Drones for Last-Mile Delivery: A Numerical Case Study in Milan, Italy." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031766.

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The increasing use of e-commerce introduces major challenges for last-mile delivery, which is critical to ensure smooth functioning of supply chains. Besides the speed and cost of delivery, which are the most important factors for last-mile logistics, environmental and social sustainability factors are taking on an increasingly important role, especially in urban areas. In this perspective, last-mile delivery by drones could be a good choice both in terms of transport speed and sustainability. Being electrically powered, drones can reduce environmental impact; moreover, they enable the reduction of road congestion since they do not interfere with land infrastructures. The goal of this study is to analyse the viability of drones for last-mile delivery in the Italian city of Milan. A stated preference survey was carried out to assess end-user propensity towards drones. Using these results, a goods delivery service by drones was designed. Furthermore, a preliminary financial analysis was performed to evaluate the benefits for a company that would provide such a transport service. Findings show that last-mile delivery by drones can be successfully used to deliver small and light packages, reducing environmental and social impacts, and ensuring profits for the transport provider.
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Eskandaripour, Hossein, and Enkhsaikhan Boldsaikhan. "Last-Mile Drone Delivery: Past, Present, and Future." Drones 7, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7020077.

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Sustainable green products and services garner more attention from companies and enterprises that aim to succeed and grow in highly competitive markets by imposing less harms on the environment and ecosystems. Last-mile delivery from local distribution centers to customers plays an essential role in the retail business. Retail companies are leaning towards implementing green, efficient transportation methods, such as drones, in their last-mile delivery operations for reasons of ecological conservation. Accordingly, researchers have documented numerous research findings on last-mile drone delivery in recent years. This literature review selected a collection of articles mostly from 2011 to 2022 and reviewed them in terms of key technical challenges, such as routing, cargo distribution optimization, battery management, data communication, and environmental protection. These challenges are interrelated in a sense of achieving eco-friendly, efficient, lean, last-mile drone delivery. The selection of these technical challenges is based on the top challenges discussed in the literature.
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Ko, Seung, Sung Cho, and Chulung Lee. "Pricing and Collaboration in Last Mile Delivery Services." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 4560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124560.

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Recently, last mile delivery has emerged as an essential process that greatly affects the opportunity of obtaining delivery service market share due to the rapid increase in the business-to-consumer (B2C) service market. Express delivery companies are investing to expand the capacity of hub terminals to handle increasing delivery volume. As for securing massive delivery quantity by investment, companies must examine the profitability between increasing delivery quantity and price. This study proposes two strategies for a company’s decision making regarding the adjustment of market density and price by developing a pricing and collaboration model based on the delivery time of the last mile process. A last mile delivery time function of market density is first derived from genetic algorithm (GA)-based simulation results of traveling salesman problem regarding the market density. The pricing model develops a procedure to determine the optimal price, maximizing the profit based on last mile delivery time function. In addition, a collaboration model, where a multi-objective integer programming problem is developed, is proposed to sustain long-term survival for small and medium-sized companies. In this paper, sensitivity analysis demonstrates the effect of delivery environment on the optimal price and profit. Also, a numerical example presents four different scenarios of the collaboration model to determine the applicability and efficiency of the model. These two proposed models present managerial insights for express delivery companies.
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Bányai, Tamás. "Impact of the Integration of First-Mile and Last-Mile Drone-Based Operations from Trucks on Energy Efficiency and the Environment." Drones 6, no. 9 (September 11, 2022): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6090249.

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Supply chain solutions are based on first-mile and last-mile deliveries; their efficiency significantly influences the total cost of operation. Drone technologies make it possible to improve first-mile and last-mile operations, but the design and optimization of these solutions offers new challenges. Within the frame of this article, the author focuses on the impact of integrated first-mile/last-mile drone-based delivery services from trucks, analyzing the impact of solutions on energy efficiency, the environmental impact and sustainability. The author describes a novel model of drone-based integrated first-mile/last-mile services which makes it possible to analyze the impact of different typical solutions on sustainability. As the numerical examples and computational results show, the integrated first-mile-last-mile drone-based service from trucks could lead to a significant reduction in energy consumption and a reduction in virtual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which would lead to a more sustainable logistics system. The numerical analysis of the scenarios shows that the increased application of drones and the integration of first-mile and last-mile delivery operations could decrease energy consumption by about 87%. This reduction in energy consumption, depending on the generation source of electricity, significantly increases the reduction in greenhouse gas emission.
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Jiang, Xiaohong, Huiying Wang, Xiucheng Guo, and Xiaolin Gong. "Using the FAHP, ISM, and MICMAC Approaches to Study the Sustainability Influencing Factors of the Last Mile Delivery of Rural E-Commerce Logistics." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 19, 2019): 3937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143937.

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The development of rural e-commerce has rapidly driven the development of rural logistics in China. Improving the service quality of the last mile delivery is an important measure to promote the sustainable development of rural e-commerce logistics. However, such work is challenging because the current rural last mile delivery is inefficient and unsustainable and is influenced by a set of interacting factors. It is necessary to explore the relationships among the sustainability influencing factors of rural last mile delivery. A total of 15 sustainability influencing factors are selected. The improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is used to assign the weights of the factors and then the interpretative structural model (ISM) is used to determine the hierarchical structure of each factor. The driving force-dependency quadrant graph is constructed by cross-impact matrix multiplication (MICMAC). The research results show that four factors, including “convenience of returning goods”, “integrity of goods”, “advance reservation of goods pickup”, and “delivery costs”, are the most basic factors affecting the sustainability of rural last mile delivery and are the deepest and most indispensable factors. This research provides valuable information for decision makers to develop proactive strategies and reinforcement policies to improve the service quality of rural last mile delivery, which could promote the sustainable development of rural logistics.
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Nik Hussin, Nik Syuhailah, Zuraimi Abdul Aziz, Nurnaddia Nordin, Nurhaiza Nordin, and Dzulkifli Mukhtar. "UNRAVELLING CHALLENGES IN ENSURING PARCEL SAFETY IN LAST MILE DELIVERY FOR THE POSTAL AND COURIER INDUSTRY." Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs 6, no. 20 (June 24, 2024): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.620012.

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There are several difficulties in the logistics chain's last-mile delivery phase, especially when it comes to guaranteeing package safety. The present study aims to provide a thorough analysis of the complex problems that affect package security in the final leg of delivery to different kinds of customers, recipients, and other users. Using a quantitative methodologies research methodology, the study seeks to identify the challenges associated with meeting the distinct needs of various demographic groups. The objective of this study is to investigate challenges in ensuring parcel safety during last-mile delivery. The research design in this study is quantitative. A quantitative research design involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to understand and quantify consumer experiences with last-mile parcel delivery. A total sample about 245 questionnaires was collected and the analysis using SPSS software. The results of the investigation will provide insight into the variables affecting package security and the general calibre of last-mile delivery services. Through the identification and comprehension of these challenges, we aim to provide significant insights into the postal and courier industry. This will facilitate the creation of focused strategies and solutions that aim to improve parcel safety in a variety of demographic contexts, ultimately maximizing the effectiveness and dependability of last-mile delivery services.
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Strubelt, Henning. "Sidewalk autonomous delivery robots for last-mile parcel delivery." Advanced Logistic Systems - Theory and Practice 18, no. 1 (April 12, 2024): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32971/als.2024.004.

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The dynamics of e-commerce, combined with the growing number of users and the increasing volume of last-mile consignments, are driving current developments in logistics. As online commerce continues to grow, so does the need for active service providers to deliver courier, express, and parcel (CEP) shipments on time. Autonomous last-mile delivery is said to have the potential to transform the way we receive goods. As these autonomous delivery technologies continue to develop and become more widespread, it is possible to foresee a future where autonomous delivery vehicles seamlessly navigate our roads and sidewalks, bringing our online orders to our doorsteps faster and more efficiently than ever. After a general classification of sidewalk autonomous delivery robots (SADRs), this paper examines how far the development and implementation of these vehicles have progressed and which developments offer the greatest opportunities for ecological and economic use in the future.
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Li, Feng, Zhi-Ping Fan, Bing-Bing Cao, and Xin Li. "Logistics Service Mode Selection for Last Mile Delivery: An Analysis Method Considering Customer Utility and Delivery Service Cost." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010284.

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Last mile delivery is an important part in the logistics service process of express enterprises since it can directly contact with the customer and affect customer satisfaction. How to select a suitable logistics service mode for last mile delivery with the objectives of lower delivery service cost and higher customer satisfaction is a noteworthy research topic. In this paper, we focus on the analysis method for logistics service mode selection for last mile delivery considering customer utility and delivery service cost. First, we conduct the market survey of customer needs and discuss the market segmentation, and then we propose a customer utility value calculation model based on utility theory. Next, we propose a delivery quantity prediction method based on the time series prediction and customer selection probability calculation. Furthermore, we construct a cost accounting model to determine the delivery service cost. On this basis, we show the selection of the suitable logistics service mode for last mile delivery according to the analysis results of customer utility and delivery service cost. Finally, we show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method by a case analysis.
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Kurochkina, A. A., E. V. Shevchuk, and T. V. Bikezina. "Transformation of last-mile delivery as a method of improving customer experience in the Russian Federation." Economics and Management 29, no. 2 (March 7, 2023): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-2-159-168.

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Aim. The presented study aims to analyze transformations that last-mile delivery has undergone during the years of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in the Russian Federation, considering that, on the one hand, the final stage of delivery is considered the most problematic part of the delivery process, and on the other — the last mile is often a factor determining the customer’s choice and satisfaction when interacting with the company.Tasks. The authors identify problems that companies face due to changes in customer behavior and experience; search for possible solutions to these problems; analyze how satisfaction with the quality of last-mile delivery affects the customer’s decision to order goods from a particular supplier.Methods. This study uses the method of descriptive literature review, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization.Results. Today, customer experience is as important an element of brand perception as product offering. Customers constantly seek more personalized, convenient, and secure ways to receive delivery services. Research shows that many buyers consider efficient and fast delivery a priority when making a purchase, not the price of goods. The increasing customer demand for quality of service and the boom in e-commerce have led to the development of new last-mile delivery methods that optimize the quality of customer service and contribute to building a strong relationship between the customer and the brand.Conclusions. Improving the quality of customer service through last-mile logistics can be a powerful tool in the competition, as delivery often turns out to be a key factor influencing the consumer’s purchase decision. The result of this study is the formation of an idea about the possible future development and prospects of last-mile delivery.
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Mattew Chinedu Ijeh. "Streamlining last-mile delivery in Delta State: Enhancing logistics management for efficient distribution." International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 6, no. 6 (June 5, 2024): 1885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v6i6.1191.

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This study investigates the challenges and potential solutions of last-mile delivery experienced by customers purchasing from online and physical stores in Delta State, Nigeria. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, data were collected from a sample size of 349 participants, comprising customers of both online and physical retail outlets. Quantitative data analysis involved the examination of contingency tables and the calculation of chi-square statistics to determine the significance of differences in last-mile delivery challenges between online and physical stores. Additionally, qualitative data were obtained through open-ended survey questions and thematic analysis to explore potential strategies for addressing identified challenges. The findings reveal that customers encounter similar challenges in last-mile delivery across both online and physical stores. While there may be variations in the frequencies of these challenges between the two types of stores, statistical analysis in this study indicates that these differences are not significant. Furthermore, findings reveal that the identified challenges have a substantial impact on customer satisfaction and purchasing behavior, particularly in online stores. Strategies were identified to address these challenges such as the integration of seamless payment options, address verification technology, involvement of locals in the delivery process, among others. These recommendations emphasizes the importance of implementing tailored strategies to improve last-mile delivery services and enhance the overall shopping experience for customers in Delta State. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the challenges and potential solutions of last-mile delivery in the context of both online and physical retail environments. The findings offer practical implications for logistics management and customer service strategies, guiding retailers in addressing common challenges and driving business growth in the competitive retail landscape of Delta State. Keywords: Last-Mile Delivery, Route Optimization, Innovative Delivery Models, Delivery Tracking Mechanism, Operational Efficiency, Customer Satisfaction
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Kim, Junsu, and Hosang Jung. "Robot Routing Problem of Last-Mile Delivery in Indoor Environments." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 9111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189111.

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With the development of robot technology, trials adopting robots for last-mile delivery are continuing, and the final destination of last-mile delivery is further expanding into indoor environments. Unlike existing studies conducted for robot-based last-mile delivery in outdoor environments, two main issues must be solved to enable last-mile delivery in indoor environments using robots. First, it is necessary to reasonably and realistically estimate the robot travel time considering horizontal and vertical movement segments within a given building. Second, optimizing the robot routing problem based on the estimated robot travel time is necessary. In this paper, we proposed a new method to estimate the robot travel time considering robot movement characteristics and an elevator in a building. In addition, we developed a mathematical model of the robot routing problem and problem-specific heuristic based on a genetic algorithm to quickly solve the proposed mathematical model. It obtained the exact solutions when the problem size was small and near-optimal solutions in the medium- and large-sized problems (average optimality gap: 0.11% and 0.18%, respectively). Through extensive experiments assuming various building structures, it was determined that the proposed model and heuristic can quickly yield realistic solutions for indoor robot-based last-mile delivery.
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Chandramouli, Arun. "Optimizing Last-Mile Delivery Operations: Leveraging Predictive Analytics, Technology Integration, and Sustainable Practices." Journal of Mathematical & Computer Applications 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jmca/2023(2)145.

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In the contemporary landscape of e-commerce and retail industries, the optimization of last-mile delivery operations emerges as a pivotal element for sustaining customer satisfaction and operational efficiency. This study delves into a comprehensive exploration of various strategies aimed at refining the last-mile delivery process, a segment known for its significant challenges, including high costs, inefficiencies, and environmental concerns. By integrating predictive analytics, this research goes beyond traditional logistics methods to forecast delivery needs and driver performance accurately, allowing for pre-emptive adjustments that enhance reliability and efficiency. Furthermore, the investigation into technology integration sheds light on how advanced software solutions, such as route optimization algorithms and real-time tracking systems, can drastically reduce delivery times and operational costs while simultaneously increasing customer satisfaction levels. Additionally, the paper emphasizes sustainable practices within last-mile delivery operations, exploring eco-friendly approaches that not only mitigate environmental impact but also potentially lower delivery costs through fuel savings and efficiency gains. Through the analysis of real-world data and illustrative case studies, this research articulates a holistic framework aimed at improving last-mile delivery. Such a framework is indispensable for companies seeking to maintain a competitive edge in the fast-paced and ever-evolving retail sector. The findings of this study underscore the importance of embracing technological advancements and sustainable practices to address the multifaceted challenges of last-mile delivery, ultimately leading to improved service levels and operational excellence.
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Muñoz-Villamizar, Andrés, Elyn L. Solano-Charris, Lorena Reyes-Rubiano, and Javier Faulin. "Measuring Disruptions in Last-Mile Delivery Operations." Logistics 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics5010017.

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The rapid growth of urbanisation and e-commerce has increased the number of home deliveries that need to be made in retail operations. Consequently, there is also an increase in unexpected incidents, such as adverse traffic, unavailability of parking space, and vehicle breakdowns. These disruptions result in delays, higher costs, and lower service levels in the last-mile delivery operation. Motivated by free, innovative, and efficient tools, such as the Google application programming interface (API) and Google OR, we built a model to measure the impact of disruptions in the last-mile delivery operation. Our model considers customers’ geographic information, speed estimation between nodes, routing optimisation, and disruption evaluation. Disruptions are considered here as external factors such as accidents and road works that imply the closure of or slow access to certain roads. Computational experiments, based on a set of real data from three different cities around the world, which contrast in size and characteristics (i.e., Boston, US; Bogotá, Colombia; and Pamplona, Spain), were conducted to validate our approach. The tests consider 50 different instances of up to 100 customers per city and analyse the impact of disruptions in terms of travelled time and distance. Our results provide managerial insights for key stakeholders (i.e., carriers, consumers, and government) to define policies and development plans that improve the resilience and capabilities of cities’ transportation systems.
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Galkin, Andrii, Larysa Obolentseva, Iryna Balandina, Euvgen Kush, Volodymyr Karpenko, and Paula Bajdor. "Last-Mile Delivery for Consumer Driven Logistics." Transportation Research Procedia 39 (2019): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.06.009.

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Cosmi, Matteo, Gaia Nicosia, and Andrea Pacifici. "Scheduling for last-mile meal-delivery processes." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 13 (2019): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.117.

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Yu, Wooyeon, Eunhye Kim, Dohyun Kim, and Jaekyung Yang. "Unmanned Last Mile Delivery Technology Level Analysis." Journal of Society of Korea Industrial and Systems Engineering 45, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11627/jksie.2022.45.4.225.

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50

Šperka, Adrián, Martin Vojtek, Jaromír Široký, and Juraj Čamaj. "Improvement of the Last Mile-Specific Issues in Railway Freight Transport." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 10154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310154.

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The last mile is characterized as the last step of delivery to the customer from the logistics point of view. It is necessary to aim and fulfill all customers’ needs mainly during the process of the last mile, because it is directly connected to them. Customer orientation can cause many complications that must be solved according to their will. This part of the supply chain is currently under pressure. Nowadays, trends have changed the last mile into a more ecological process mostly in the transport field. Railway transport is considered as an ecological transport mode therefore the last mile should be done by the railway transport. Preconditions for doing the last mile by the railway transport is the existence of siding (special purpose tracks) at the place of delivery. Our research focuses on minimizing the negative impacts of the last mile to customers in the context of using sidings. This research is based on the real conditions of the Slovak rail network, and on consultation with some experts from freight transport companies.
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