Dissertations / Theses: 'Crowdsourced last mile delivery'

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Ursulian, Alexander-Albert, and Олександр-Альберт Ігорович Урсулян. "Last mile delivery by drones." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50554.

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1. Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD), Delivering The Goods: 21st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport, 2003, p. 7-17, Available at: https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/03deliveringgoods.pdf 2. Hassanalian, M., & Abdelkefi, A. (2017). Classifications, applications, and design challenges of drones: A review. Progress in Aerospace Science, p. 91. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2017.04.003 3. Goodchild, A., & Toy, J. (2017). Delivery by drone: An evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicle technology in reducing CO2emissions in the delivery service industry. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, p. 61. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.trd.2017.02.017. 4. Singireddy, R. S. R., & Daim, T. U. (2018). Technology Roadmap : Drone Delivery – Amazon Prime Air. In T. Daim & C. L. EJ (Eds.), Infrastructure and Technology Management. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management (pp. 387–412).
Transportation is one of the core foundations of global economies, consisting of a variety of individual networks and their interconnections that are designed to meet people's and goods' mobility needs. Transportation systems are made up of a large number of physical and organizational components and are characterized by a high level of inherent complexity that’s why very often organization infrastructure and logistics of a city can’t always keep up with increased consumer demand. One option of solution would be to use ecologic and effective drones for urban deliveries.
Транспорт є однією з основних основ світової економіки, що складається з різноманітних окремих мереж та їх взаємозв’язків, призначених для задоволення потреб у мобільності людей та товарів. Транспортні системи складаються з великої кількості фізичних та організаційних компонентів і характеризуються високим рівнем властивої їм складності, тому дуже часто організаційна інфраструктура та логістика міста не завжди можуть встигати за зростанням споживчого попиту. Одним із варіантів рішення було б використовувати екологічні та ефективні безпілотники для міських перевезень.

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Болдирєва, Марина Олегівна, and Maryna Olehivna Boldyrieva. "Methods of last mile delivery optimization." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50769.

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1. Research «Last Link: Quantifying the Cost», Cushman & Wakefield. URL: https://www.cushmanwakefield.com.ua/ru/poslednee-zveno] 2. Интернет вещей в логистике: совместный отчет DHL и Cisco 2015. URL: https://json.tv/tech_trend_find/internet-veschey-v-logistike-sovmestnyy-otchet-dhl-i-cisco-20160511113055] 3. Скаков Р., Левкин Г. «Последняя миля» как точка оптимизации при мультимодальных перевозках. Grebennikov Publishing House in Logistics Today, 2020, Volume 1, pp 20-26
The greatest problem and at the same time the key to success is how the supply chain is replenished with goods and passes the «last mile». That is a defined stage where the cost of delivery changes dramatically and innovation should be introduced. The last mile is the final link in the supply chain, which starts from the moment the order is loaded into the vehicle and ends with delivery to the buyer. It is necessary to find cost-effective solutions that will ensure the value of cargo transportation for the end user and operational efficiency for the logistics provider. But, there must be taken care of improving security systems and cargo tracking, so that a quality product is supplied. The Internet of Things can be the first approach to connect the logistics provider to the final consignee using original ways based on the principle of bringing together new dynamic business models. The other available means include tools of reaching the maximum possible transportation system`s optimization.
Найбільшою проблемою і в той же час запорукою успіху є те, як ланцюжок поставок поповнюється товарами і проходить «останню милю». Це визначений етап, коли вартість доставки різко змінюється, і слід впроваджувати інновації. Остання миля - це остання ланка ланцюга поставок, яка починається з моменту завантаження замовлення в транспортний засіб і закінчується доставкою покупцеві. Необхідно знайти економічно ефективні рішення, які забезпечать цінність перевезення вантажів для кінцевого споживача та операційну ефективність для постачальника логістичних послуг. Але слід подбати про вдосконалення систем безпеки та відстеження вантажів, щоб забезпечити якісний товар. Інтернет речей може бути першим підходом для підключення постачальника логістики до кінцевого одержувача, використовуючи оригінальні способи, засновані на принципі об’єднання нових динамічних бізнес-моделей. Інші доступні засоби включають інструменти досягнення максимально можливої оптимізації транспортної системи.

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Hylander, Ruiz Gustavo. "Sustainable delivery vehicle for last mile delivery services." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17714.

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Pollution levels in urban areas continue to rise, with transportation being the number one cause. As cities ban fossil fuel cars access to the city center, this project looks at the delivery of packgaes from internet purchases. A three-wheeled, human-powered and electrically assisted vehicle is designed. This vehicle is dsigned to work together with last-mile logistics. A scientific design process was carried out to define the stakeholders, competition and requirements of the project, among others.The results yielded a semi-finished vehicle, comprising of the frame, general design, FEA analysis, delivery system and an optimization process for the frame. Future work includes economical or social study, design of the brakes and gear system or a design of the frame-cabin connection.

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Lal, Das Jinto, and Victor Dogbeda Fianu. "Last Mile Delivery Dilemma in E-Commerce." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75293.

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E-commerce has been growing in Sweden over the years. It has not only contributed to economy, but also has shaped people’s way of living, especially with the service of home delivery. Consumers enjoy the various choices of products with reasonable prices and the convenience of receiving parcels with a single click on the mouse or by using their phones. Meanwhile, the problem of not-at-home and repeated delivery have caused trouble for both consumers and logistic service providers leading to an increase in delivery cost. Therefore, it takes a lot of cooperation and innovations to come up with solution which will both convenient to customer and 3PL providers, which we call ‘last mile delivery’.This thesis was written with purpose of evaluating the solutions used to address the not at home problem of last mile in e-Commerce. Moreover, the thesis seeks find out which of these solutions are preferred by customers and the impact of these solution on customers. The thesis focuses on the Swedish customers because they have more experience buying online.In this thesis we first established a literature review of E-commerce, E- Shoppers preference of last mile delivery, last mile delivery concept, last mile logistics solution (not at home) which we came up with a theoretical framework by examining the impact of last mile delivery. In order to answer the research questions a focus group discussion and nine interviews were carried out focusing mainly on professional and non professional customers in Sweden. The study identified that apart from home delivery, the customers in Sweden mainly use Collection Points in online shopping. Some other delivery methods such as automated locker banks and controlled home access exist but still in early stage. After analyzing the literature review, current solutions and empirical findings, the study concluded with three potential solutions to solve not at home problem. These solutions are - Secured room at residential building to drop parcel, Automated Locker Bank and Collection Points more closer to residential area.

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Voccia, Stacy Ann. "Stochastic last-mile delivery problems with time constraints." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1924.

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When a package is shipped, the customer often requires the delivery to be made within a particular time window or by a deadline. However, meeting such time requirements is difficult, and delivery companies may not always know ahead of time which customers will need a delivery. In this thesis, we present models and solution approaches for two stochastic last-mile delivery problems in which customers have delivery time constraints and customer presence is known in advance only according to a probability distribution. Our solutions can help reduce the operational costs of delivery while improving customer service. The first problem is the probabilistic traveling salesman problem with time windows (PTSPTW). In the PTSPTW, customers have both a time window and a probability of needing a delivery on any given day. The objective is to find a pre-planned route with an expected minimum cost. We present computational results that characterize the PTSPTW solutions. We provide insights for practitioners on when solving the PTSPTW is beneficial compared to solving the deterministic analogue of the problem. The second problem is the same-day delivery problem (SDDP). The SDDP is a dynamic and stochastic pick-up and delivery problem. In the SDDP, customers make delivery requests throughout the day and vehicles are dispatched from a warehouse or brick and mortar store to serve the requests. Associated with each request is a request deadline or time window. In order to make better-informed decisions, our solution approach incorporates information about future requests into routing decisions by using a sample scenario planning approach with a consensus function. We also introduce an analytical result that identifies when it is beneficial for vehicles to wait at the depot. We present a wide range of computational experiments that demonstrate the value of our approaches.

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Veldman, Ronald. "Light electric freight vehicles in last-mile delivery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122252.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 56-67).
In previous decades the postal sector experienced drastic changes. Liberalization and digitization resulted in a continuous mail market decline. Simultaneously the rise of Internet resulted in a booming e-commerce parcel delivery market. To cope with these ongoing market developments Postal Operators (POs) need to rigorously restructure their delivery networks frequently in order to reduce distribution cost. Moreover, POs are searching for synergy opportunities between the mail and parcel delivery network. A recent development in the postal sector is the use of light electric freight vehicles (LEFV) in urban and suburban areas as a sustainable and cheaper solution for last-mile delivery. Limited research has been performed regarding the impact of LEFV on distribution cost and network design. This thesis introduces a two echelon location routing model for POs to determine the optimal network configuration for mail and parcel delivery in order to minimize total distribution costs using LEFV in their vehicle portfolio. A mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) is proposed including a multi-depot VRP for the first tier and continuous approximation techniques (CA) for the second tier. Using a real-world application at the Dutch PO - PostNL - the impact of merging the mail and parcel network as well as the impact of introducing LEFV was established. Results suggest that adding LEFV to the vehicle fleet leads to a distribution cost saving of 3% in the separate mail and parcel network. LEFV are a worthy alternative to vans in dense city areas, due to their high speed on short distances and their maneuverability in city areas. While merging the parcel and mail network with the current vehicle fleet leads to a distribution cost reduction of 1%, the inclusion of LEFV in a merger scenario leads to a saving of 5%. Therefore, adding LEFV to the vehicle fleet enables POs to seize synergy opportunities between the distribution networks.
by Ronald Veldman.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management
M.Eng.inSupplyChainManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program

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Arouk, Sabah, and Murtadha Al-Shammari. "SMEs Last Mile Delivery Practices in Sweden : An explanatory study of the environmental aspects of last mile delivery for e-tailers." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53946.

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Unquestionably the COVID-19 pandemic has helped to accelerate the transition from store-based to internet-based retailing. Consequently, this transaction has put more pressure and challenges on online retailers to provide the best variety of options to their customers regarding the last mile delivery while at the same time maintaining a sustainable way of delivery. This paper will examine the increased number of deliveries and their impact on the environment and how the e-tailers are responding to this situation. The problem will be tackled from the companies and the customers point of view. Purpose: the purpose of the study is to explore e-commerce last mile delivery practices in Sweden from an environmental perspective and examine how they meet consumer environmental requirements. Method: The researchers used a deductive approach to carry out the study. The empirical data was collected through quantitative survey and website observations. Findings: the study showed the current situation of the last mile delivery practices for the SMEs e-tailers in Sweden. After conducting the analysis, both strengths and weaknesses aspects of the current situation have been identified regarding the sustainability of those practices. The e-tailer promoted the Solitary C&C delivery option to the customer by providing it almost in all the companies and making it the cheapest option in comparison to the other delivery modes. The Solitary C&C is the eco-friendliest delivery mode in comparison to the home delivery. The velocity also played an important role in making the Solitary C&C more attractive because the velocity was almost the same for both and sometimes it is faster for C&C. On the other hand, the e-tailers failed to communicate the sustainability of their delivery modes to their customers. The majority did not show or marked the eco-friendly delivery option and as a result they did not take advantage of the willingness of the customer to contribute to more eco-friendly deliveries that had been studied in many papers. Finally, the price differentiation of the delivery fee was not efficient enough in the favor of the Solitary C&C compared to HD. When the delivery fee existed, the price was almost the same for both is so many cases and this is something the e-tailer should take into consideration. Implications: The paper contributed to the limited number of research on SMEs, especially in the last mile delivery field of study. The paper large scale quantitative study on SME firms in Sweden. The large scale consists of 50 SME e-tailers located in Sweden and ranked in the top 100 SMEs in the e-commerce market. The finding of the study will advise managers to design their last mile delivery practices more sustainably while maintaining their competitive advantages. Limitation: the study examined the Swedish e-tailers. Thus, it’s geographically limited to Sweden. Furthermore, the study only investigated the environmental aspects of the last mile delivery. Keywords: last mile delivery, e-commerce, Sustainability, Delivery mode, Velocity.

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Finnman, Peter. "Applying Revenue Management to the Last Mile Delivery Industry." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246079.

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The understanding of what motivates a customer to pay more for a product or service has al-ways been a fundamental question in business. To the end of answering this question, revenue management is a business practice that revolves around using analytics to predict consumer behavior and willingness-to-pay. It has been a common practice within the commercial airline and hospitality industries for over 30 years, allowing adopters to reach their service capacity with increased proﬁt margins. In this thesis, we investigated the possibility to apply revenue management to the last mile delivery industry, an industry that provides the service of delivering goods from e-commerce companies to the consumer’s front door. To achieve this objective, a revenue management framework was conceived, detailing the interaction between the customer and a dynamic pricing model. The model itself was a product of a machine learning model, intended to segment the customers and predict the willingness-to-pay of each customer segment. The performance of this model was tested through a quantitative study on synthetic buyers, subject to parameters that inﬂuence their willingness-to-pay. It was observed that the model was able to distinguish between diﬀerent types of customers, yielding a pricing policy that increased proﬁts by 7.5% in comparison to ﬁxed price policies. It was concluded that several factors may impact the customer’s willingness-to-pay within the last mile delivery industry. Amongst these, the convenience that the service provides and the disparity between the price of the product and the price of the service were the most notable. However, the magnitude of considering these parameters was never determined. Finally, em-ploying dynamic pricing has the potential to increase the availability of the service, enabling a wider audience to aﬀord the service.
Vad som motiverar en kund att betala mer för en tjänst eller en produkt har länge varit ett centralt koncept inom aﬀärslivet. Intäktsoptimering är en aﬀärspraxis som strävar efter att besvara den frågan, genom att med analytiska verktyg mäta och förutse betalningsviljan hos kunden. Intäktsoptimering har länge varit framträdande inom ﬂyg- och hotellbranschen, där företag som anammat strategin har möjlighets att öka försäljningsvinsten. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi möjligheten att applicera intäktsoptimering på sista milen industrin, en industri som leverar köpta produkten hem till kunden. För att uppnå detta har vi tagit fram ett ramverk för informationsﬂöden inom intäktsoptimering som beskriver hur kunder interagerar med en dynamisk prissättningsmodell. Denna prissättningsmodell framställs genom maskininlärning med avsikt att segmentera kundbasen, för att sedan förutse betalningsviljan hos varje kundsegment. Modellens prestanda mättes genom en kvantitativ studie på syntetiska kunder som beskrivs av parametrar som påverkar betalningsviljan. Studien påvisade att modellen kunde skilja på betalningsviljan hos olika kunder och resulterade i en genomsnittlig vinstökning på 7.5% i jämförelse med statiska prissättningsmodeller. Det ﬁnns mänga olika faktorer som spelar in på kundens betalningsvilja inom sista milen industrin. Bekvämlighet och skillnader i priset på produkten som levereras och tjänsten att leverera produkten är två anmärkningsvärda faktorer. Hur stor inverkan faktorerna som beskrivs i detta examensarbete, har på betalningsviljan, förblev obesvarat. Slutligen uppmärksammades möjligheten att, med hjälp av dynamisk prissättning, öka tillgängligheten av tjänsten då ﬂera kunder kan ha råd med en prissättning som överväger deras betalningsvilja.

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Merchán, Dueñas Daniel Esteban. "Transshipment networks for last-mile delivery in congested urban areas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98637.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-61).
This work develops a systemic approach for enabling transshipment operations in congested urban areas, based on two fundamental city logistics needs: efficient utilization of existing infrastructure and flexibility for logistics operators. Specifically, this research introduces the concept of urban transshipment networks (UTNs), a collection of strategically located urban logistics spaces, for efficient and flexible last-mile delivery operations in congested urban areas. By implementing the UTN framework, logistics operators can select the transshipment locations, vehicle types and operating schedules that best fit specific distribution strategies, and, simultaneously, comply with access restrictions and overcome some of the logistics complexity of dense urban zones. This concept is particularly relevant for retail dynamics observed in large metropolitan areas in the emerging world. A two-echelon location-routing model formulation is proposed to address the UTN design problem. The formulation combines a mixed-integer programing model with a closed-form routing cost approximation. The model was tested through a consumer goods distribution case study in Latin America. Results suggest that, given proper fleet type and capacity, UTNs can significantly improve delivery process efficiency in highly congested districts.
by Daniel Esteban Merchán Dueñas.
S.M.

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Filipsson, Hampus, and Victor Gustafsson. "An Extended Mental Accounting Model for Green Last Mile Delivery." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21952.

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Background. Several technologies are being developed to reduce emissions to make the transportsector greener. Extensive research has been conducted on the supply side of these technologies, but not as much on the demand side. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze end consumers’ preferences for green last mile delivery. Electric roads are used to represent green technologies. The purpose is examined by investigating consumers’ preferences for the last mile delivery attributes delivery fee, delivery speed, delivery point and emission reduction using mental accounting. Methods. A choice-based conjoint analysis is conducted to gather data on 196 Swedish online consumers’ preferences. The choice experiment is conducted in two contexts to examine how these preferences differ between involvement in the product being transported. Data is analyzed with a Hierarchical Bayesian model. Results. The results show that consumers think emission reductions are more important than delivery fee when choosing last mile delivery. Consumers with low purchase frequency have higher preferences for emission reductions than consumers with higher purchase frequency. Also, females prefer higher rates of emission reductions relative to males when choosing last mile delivery for low involvement products, while there are no differences in the high involvement case. Preferences for the green attribute of last mile delivery do not vary between age and income groups, but preferences between these groups differ for other attributes. Conclusions. These findings indicate that consumers use an environmental responsibility account when choosing last mile delivery and that it has high importance relative to a money account but similar importance as the convenience and time accounts. Preferences are different when choosing transport for high and low involvement products and consumers with different characteristics. Implications. Firms offering last mile delivery services could use technologies to make their services greener and gain a competitive advantage since consumers prefer these green options.
Bakgrund. Flera teknologier som kan göra transportsektorn grönare genom att minska utsläpp ärunder utveckling. Tidigare forskning har främst fokuserat på utbudssidan av dessa teknologier och mindre fokus har legat på efterfrågesidan. Syfte. Denna studie har som syfte att analysera konsumenters preferenser för grön transport. Den inriktar sig specifikt på transporten från butiker eller lager till konsumenten. Elvägar används i denna studie som grön teknologi. Syftet undersöks genom att studera konsumenter preferenser för transportattributen, fraktpris, leveranstid, utlämningsplats och utsläppsminskning med hjälp av mental accounting teorin. Metod. En valbaserad conjoint-analys används för att samla in data på 196 svenska onlinekonsumenters preferenser. Valexperimentet utförs med två olika kontexter för att undersöka hur konsumenters preferenser skiljer sig beroende på hur involverade de är i produkten som ska transporteras. Data analyseras sedan med en hierarkisk bayes modell. Resultat. Resultatet visar att konsumenter anser att utsläppsminskning är viktigare än leveransprisvid val av transport. Konsumenter med låg köpfrekvens har högre preferenser för utsläppsminskning jämfört med konsumenter med högre köpfrekvens. Kvinnor har högre preferenser för utsläppsminskning jämfört med män. Denna skillnad gäller enbart vid val av transport för produkter med låg konsumentinvolvering. Det finns inga skillnader mellan olika konsumentgrupper som skapas beroendepå konsumenternas inkomst eller ålder för attributet utsläppsminskning. Grupperingar på dessa konsumentkaraktäristiker visar dock skillnader i preferenser för andra transportattribut. Slutsatser. Resultaten indikerar att konsumenter använder ett mentalt konto för miljövänliga köp vid val av transport. Detta konto är relativt viktigare än deras mentala konto för pengar och är lika viktigt som de mentala kontona för tid och bekvämlighet. Konsumenters preferenser skiljer sig beroende på hur involverade de är i produkten som ska transporteras. Preferenserna skiljer sig även mellan olika konsumentgrupper. Implikationer. Företag som erbjuder frakt kan använda teknologier för att göra deras service grönare och därigenom få konkurrensfördelar eftersom konsumenter har preferenser för gröna alternativ.

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Persson, Emil. "A systematic literature review on drones’ application in last-mile delivery." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för industriell ekonomi, industridesign och maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36733.

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In recent years, companies such as Amazon and DHL have started to develop alternative last-mile delivery options because of the growing trend in e-commerce. Last-mile deliveries refer to the terminal to customer deliveries and have become increasingly challenging to manage, as traffic congestions in cities has risen. Therefore, companies have begun searching for alternative delivery methods, such as autonomous drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The purpose of this thesis is to investigate drones in the current literature on last-mile delivery. First, by conducting a systematic literature review on the current literature available in two major databases. Second, by analyzing the collected literature sample and presenting it through a descriptive analysis focusing on bibliometrics and a thematic analysis that identifies emerging themes for drivers for drones’ application in last-mile delivery, barriers for drones’ application in last-mile delivery, and approaches for implementing drones in last-mile delivery. Drones’ application in last-mile delivery has the potential to reduce cost, decrease delivery time, reduce emissions, and reduce energy consumption. However, barriers that hinder the implementation, such as governmental regulations, need further consideration for the implementation to occur. Some evident gaps can be found related to the barriers. Both managers and researchers might find the thesis useful, as it provides a holistic view on the subject, with theoretical, managerial, and societal implications being presented.

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Zubar, Tymofiy, Тимофій Андрійович Зубар, Olena Volovyk, and Олена Іванівна Воловик. "Big data in logistics: last mile application." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50494.

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1. 3PL Survey - https://www.3plstudy.com/ 2. 5 Examples of How Big Data in Logistics Can Transform The Supply Chain - https://www.datapine.com/blog/how-big-data-logistics-transform-supply-chain
Big data is revolutionizing many business areas, including logistics and business processes in it. The complexity and dynamics of logistics, coupled with the reliance on many movable parts, can cause bottlenecks at any point in the supply chain, making big data application a vital element of effectiveness in logistical processes design and management. For example, big data logistics can be used to optimize routing, simplify factory functions and give transparency to the entire supply chain, from which both logistics companies and shipping companies may benefit. The third-party logistical company and a transportation company may agree on this issue. Though big data require a large number of high-quality information sources to work effectively.
Великі дані зробили революцію в багатьох сферах бізнесу, включаючи логістику та бізнес-процеси в ній. Складність та динаміка логістики в поєднанні з опорою на багато рухомих частин можуть спричинити вузькі місця у будь-якій точці ланцюга поставок, роблячи застосування великих даних важливим елементом ефективності у проектуванні та управлінні логістичними процесами. Наприклад, логістика великих даних може бути використана для оптимізації маршрутизації, спрощення заводських функцій та надання прозорості усьому ланцюжку поставок, від чого можуть виграти як логістичні компанії, так і судноплавні компанії. Стороння логістична компанія та транспортна компанія можуть домовитись щодо цього питання. Хоча великі дані вимагають великої кількості високоякісних джерел інформації для ефективної роботи.

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Ni, Ming. "Transportation Analytics and Last-Mile Same-Day Delivery with Local Store Fulfillment." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10745024.

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The recent emergence of social media and online retailing become increasingly important and continue to grow. More and more people use social media to share their real life to the digital world, at the same time, browse the virtual Internet to buy the real products. In the process, a huge amount of data is generated and we investigate the data and crowdsourcing for areas of the public transportation and last-mile delivery for online orders in the perspective of data analytics and operations optimization.

We first focus on the transit flow prediction by crowdsourced social media data. Subway flow prediction under event occurrences is a very challenging task in transit system management. To tackle this challenge, we leverage the power of social media data to extract features from crowdsourced content to gather the public travel willingness. We propose a parametric and convex optimization-based approach to combine the least squares of linear regression and the prediction results of the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model to accurately predict the NYC subway flow under sporting events.

The second part of the thesis focuses on the last-mile same-day delivery with store fulfillment problem (SDD-SFP) using real-world data from a national retailer. We propose that retailers can take advantage of their physical local stores to ful?ll nearby online orders in a direct-to-consumer fashion during the same day that order placed. Optimization models and solution algorithms are developed to determine store selections, fleet-sizing for transportation, and inventory in terms of supply chain seasonal planning. In order to solve large-scale SDD-SFP with real-world datasets, we create an accelerated Benders decomposition approach that integrates the outer search tree and local branching based on mixed-integer programming and develops optimization-based algorithms for initial lifting constraints.

In the last part of the dissertation, we drill down SDD-SFP from supply chain planning to supply chain operation level. The aim is to create an optimal exact order ful?llment plan to specify how to deliver each received customer order. We adopt crowdsourced shipping, which utilizes the extra capacity of the vehicles from private drivers to execute delivery jobs on trips, as delivery options, and define the problem as same-day delivery with crowdshipping and store fulfillment (SDD-CSF). we develop a set of exact solution approaches for order fulfillment in form of rolling horizon framework. It repeatedly solves a series of order assignment and delivery plan problem following the timeline in order to construct an optimal fulfillment plan from local stores. Results from numerical experiments derived from real sale data of a retailer along with algorithmic computational results are presented.

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WEI, QU. "Last-mile logistics optimization in the on-demand economy." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2970998.

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Jakobsson, Christoffer, and Aein Nourparvar. "Manufacturer and Omni-channel Retailers Last Mile Delivery in Sweden : A study on the last mile delivery settings of manufacturers and omni-channel retailers compared with the customer’s demand." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54041.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore manufacturer and omni-channel retailers last mile delivery in Sweden. Then to recognize the main customer demand and compare it with the last mile delivery setting of manufacturer and omni-channel retailers last mile delivery Method: To reach the purpose of the study, quantitative approach study and literature review have been conducted. Where the data has been collected through online search observation, document and record analysis and web survey. The companies (omni-channel retailers and manufacturers) that was chosen based on mix of micro, small, medium, and large size enterprise. The quantitative data was analyzed with the theoretical framework to reach the results. Then a web-survey was carried out in order to collect data about the customer demand on LMD. Findings: The findings display that omni-channel companies performed better in a lot of the last mile delivery settings such as velocity, free returns, offers more than one delivery mode, time slot, work with more than one delivery company. While manufacturers and omni-channel performed the same when it comes to last mile delivery mode. The only last mile delivery setting that manufacturer performed better in where the delivery prices towards customers. While overall the omni-channels performed better according to the customer demand than the manufacturers. But both types of companies did not perform well at all when it comes to environmentally sustainable deliveries. There was a high customer demand for freedom to choose last mile delivery mode, free delivery, free returns, and last environmentally sustainable deliveries. Implications: The theoretical implications are towards the academic research about manufacturers last mile delivery practice in Sweden. Since it is one of the first large scale research for manufacturers e-commerce last mile delivery. It is also important to note that the framework developed in this research were evolved from existing research Hübner et al. (2016) and Marchet et al. (2018). The managerial implications are that manufacturers and omni-channels can benchmark themselves within the developed framework in order for them to make relevant decisions within their last mile delivery practice to be able to meet the customer demand. Limitations: This research only focus on manufacturers e-commerce and omni-channel retailers operating in the Swedish market, it does not cover pure e-tailers. The study has not explored any fulfillment strategies or warehouse locations. Key words: Last mile delivery, omni-channel retailer, manufacturer, e-commerce, sustainability, customer demand on last mile delivery.

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Hveem, Anna. "B2C last-mile deliveries : A mapping of the current market." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25711.

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Background: The last-mile logistics of the supply chain is often the most expensive part for an e-commerce retailer. It is also according to Lim and Srai (2018) where the consumers are the most demanding. It is no longer exclusively the e-commerce retailers’ job to choose the delivery method of the parcel they are sending out to their customer. As a consumer in Sweden today, you will often get the option to choose how you want your online order to be delivered. The result of consumers wanting to have more of a say in how their parcel is delivered is that the carrier companies now compete for the opportunity to deliver parcels (Post- och telestyrelsen 2020). Purpose: This master’s thesis has as a purpose to investigate what reasoning there is behindthe choices the actors in B2C last-mile delivery make when it comes to their offerings ofdelivery options, and their chosen strategy. As e-commerce retailing has grown in hugeproportions during the last decades, there will also be a focus on what the industry mightdevelop into, as this will have an impact on the actors in the industry. There is a lack of insightinto the subject of this study, i.e. how e-commerce retailers and parcel carriers tackle theconstantly changing world of last-mile logistics. To help answer the purpose of the master’sthesis, literature on last-mile parcel delivery was compiled together with theories such as agencytheory, co-opetition, dynamic capabilities, and transaction cost analysis. Research questions: What should the different actors in B2C last-mile delivery take intoaccount when developing their parcel delivery strategy? What will the future of B2C parceldeliveries look like according to the different actors in B2C last-mile delivery? Methodology: The study used a qualitative method with an abductive reasoning. Thequalitative method that was used for collecting the data was qualitative semi-structuredinterviews. As this master’s thesis has a focus on the actors in B2C last-mile delivery, theinterviews were conducted with professionals within the e-commerce retailing, parcel carrier,and last-mile logistics industry. Conclusion: The study then concludes that the e-commerce retailer will try to adapt theirdelivery offerings based on what the consumers wish, and to be able to do this, the e-commerceretailer need to be flexible in their offerings. The parcel carriers need to keep in mind that theyhave a dependency towards the e-commerce retailers. The option of co-opetition is alsosomething that they should consider. It is important for the last-mile logistics companies to beaware of all this as they are working with both e-commerce retailers and parcel carriers. Thefindings of the study show that many believe that the future of parcel delivery will be to useparcel lockers. What needs to be kept in mind is that it is important for the consumer to be ableto choose when, where, and how their parcel is delivered. This master’s thesis can be used bye-commerce retailers, parcel carriers, and last-mile logistics companies, to gain insight intowhat the parcel delivery market looks like today, and what is important for all actors on it.

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Ding, Zhe. "Evaluating Different Last Mile Logistics Solutions : A case study of SF Express." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17974.

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Compared to the highly developed logistics industry in USA, the Chinese logistics industry is still underdeveloped because of poor infrastructure and ineffective management capability. In terms of these realities, the most important bottleneck of the Chinese logistics industry is the last mile delivery problem, which holds the highest cost in the whole logistics process. To find ways to solve the problems with last mile delivery has become significant and urgent for Chinese logistics service providers. The purpose of the study is to deepen and enrich the knowledge on last mile logistics in China. This is carried out with the help of the case companies SF Express and Property Management Company together with an investigation of last mile delivery alternatives in China. Related to the research question, a case study was carried out focusing on one business process. The data collection methods used include: interview, telephone or email contact, and survey. Intelligent locker and the pick-up delivery solution could solve last mile logistics problems by different ways, especially with specific limitations in Chinese market. These delivery alternatives are highly possible to be adopted and generalized by different logistics service providers in China if not concerned about the cost or density of orders. The current business mode of supermarket in China cannot fulfill the demand from an overwhelming number of customers. Costs for both pick-up stations are acceptable, and the cost is a positive factor for pick-up station mode. The higher density of orders, the higher possibility of different time-window may require, and high competitive advantage of intelligent locker can be achieved. The high density of orders for intelligent locker is a positive factor. The cost for intelligent locker is a very negative factor, which seriously limits the popularization of this delivery alternative. Keywords: Last mile logistics, Intelligent locker, Pick-up station, Delivery alternatives

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Yoon, Justin J. "The traveling salesman problem with multiple drones : an optimization model for last-mile delivery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117930.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-49).
With the increasingly competitive landscape of e-commerce and omni-channel delivery execution, the last mile has emerged as a critical source of opportunity for cost efficiency. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have historically been utilized for military applications, but they are quickly gaining traction as a viable option for driving improvements in commercial last-mile operations. Although extensive literature currently exists on vehicle routing problems, research integrating drones as a supplement to these routing problems is scarce. This thesis explores the feasibility of deploying drones to the last mile, by modeling the cost of serving customers with one truck and multiple drones in the context of the traveling salesman problem. The model is constructed with mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization and assessed with a sensitivity analysis of several key parameters. We find significant median cost savings over TSP of 30 percent in the base case, and that these effects on savings can diminish to a median 4 percent in the worst case while surging up to 55 percent in the best case.
by Justin J. Yoon.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management

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Söderström, Felicia. "A CRITICAL REVIEW OF SUSTAINABILITY PROJECTS WITHIN LAST MILE DELIVERY FROM AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-418542.

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E-commerce is a continuously growing business that has expanded over the recent years and more people are buying online instead of offline. With online shopping, the demand for home deliveries is increasing along with it. Last mile deliveries, which is the last part of the supply chain from business to customer, operate mainly in urban areas. Most deliveries use fossil fueled vehicles, and this is problematic for the environment, society and the economy. This leads to increasing congestion and air and noise pollution in the cities with serious effects on people and the planet. Sustainability projects within last mile delivery are very important to be able to reach a sustainable future and decrease the negative impacts of home deliveries. There are many projects done by companies, research facilities, local governments and other stakeholders to find better solutions. The present study of three sustainability projects within last mile delivery shows that it is very hard to estimate the sustainability performance within the last mile. This is because they have different starting points locally, are done for different types of deliveries and in different scales. If one would only look at the vehicle used for the projects, cargo bikes would have the least negative impact on the environment but to deliver in all scales and areas the conclusion is that one needs to look at different solutions. The study also shows that all projects are replicable in different areas, but some would require very large investments if replicated in other geographical areas.
E-handel är en ständigt växande verksamhet som har expanderat under de senaste åren och fler handlar online istället för off-line. Med en ökad online shopping så ökar även efterfrågan på hemleveranser. Sista milen leveranser som är den sista delen av leveranskedjan är leveranser från företag till kund och är främst i stadsområden. De flesta leveranser använder fossila fordon och detta är problematiskt för miljön, samhället och ekonomin. Den ökande mängden leveranser ökar trängsel och luft- och bullerföroreningar i städerna som har allvarliga effekter på människor och planeten. Hållbarhetsprojekt inom sista milen leveranser är mycket viktiga för att kunna nå en hållbar framtid och minska de negativa effekterna av hemleveranser. Det finns många projekt som gjorts och görs av både företag, forskningsinstitut, kommuner och andra intressenter för att hitta bättre lösningar. Den nuvarande studien av tre hållbarhetsprojekt inom sista milen leveranser visar att det är mycket svårt att uppskatta hållbarhetsprestanda inom den sista milen. Det beror på att de har olika utgångspunkter lokalt, görs för olika typer av leveranser och i olika skalor. Om man enbart tittar på fordonet som används för projekten skulle last-cyklar ha minst negativ påverkan på miljön men för att leverera i alla skalor och områden är slutsatsen att man måste titta på olika lösningar. Studien visar också att alla projekt kan återskapas i olika områden, men vissa skulle kräva mycket stora investeringar om de ska återskapas i andra geografiska områden.

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Sundström, Emelie, and Emma Södergren. "Going the Extra Mile : Urban Delivery of Large Goods." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300176.

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In light of the growing e-commerce and rising population in cities, along with the ongoing climate crisis, the efforts to improve transportation options are intensifying. Thus, the field of last-mile delivery, i.e., the last stretch of transportation to an end customer, is becoming an increasingly researched topic. Innovative delivery solutions, leveraging novel technology or business concepts, are quickly becoming a necessity to retain customer satisfaction while performing sustainable and cost-efficient deliveries. Facing the challenges associated with the last mile is especially arduous in the context of large goods, i.e., packages which are significantly larger than parcels that would fit in a regular mail or post box, and may include furniture, home appliances and other bulky tools. Despite that large goods delivery comprises a large market, there is limited research on how novel last-mile delivery innovations, mainly discussed for application on parcels, can be deployed for larger items. This thesis is an explorative and qualitative study which starts in a background of important trends in transportation, and moves on to provide an analysis of three cities (Barcelona, San Francisco and Seoul), as well as a fourth city (Stockholm) that is both analyzed and considered for implementation. This is done in the form of a case study where data is collected from a literature review as well as interviews with representatives from the company IKEA. Various last-mile delivery concepts are explained and analyzed with Rogers’ diffusion of innovation framework. The research generated insights on how a mixture of different solutions have emerged on the studied markets, mainly based on social, technological and regulatory factors. Although most of them would be theoretically usable for medium to large goods in the future, there are different obstacles to a commercial-scale adoption today, with technological and regulatory maturity being main hurdles. Parcel deliveries play a part in driving customer expectations forward, forcing large goods retailers to evolve their deliveries in order to not lose business. Ecosystems of delivery solutions are likely to emerge in the future, catering to customers’ flexibility demands. In terms of concrete solutions, e-cargo bikes, pick-up points and neighbourhood deliveries are identified as appropriate for the current market state of Stockholm and related third party agreements, physical properties and platforms are discussed in the context of implementation. Additionally, suggestions for future research is to consider further models for generalizing implementation requirements, along with deepening the analysis of last-mile delivery ecosystems by looking into actors for the suggested solutions.
I och med ökande e-handel och stigande befolkning i städer, i kombination med en pågående klimatkris, intensifieras ansträngningar för att förbättra existerande transportalternativ. Därmed ökar mängden av forskning som fokuserar på last-mile delivery (ungefär sista milen-leverans), med andra ord den sista biten av en transportsträcka innan en vara når slutkunden. Innovativa leveranslösningar, som drar nytta av ny teknik eller nya affärsmodeller, håller snabbt på att bli en nödvändighet för att upprätthålla kundnöjdhet, samtidigt som leveransers kostnadseffektivitet och hållbarhet måste säkerställas. Utmaningarna som är associerade med sista milen är särskilt svårlösta när det kommer till stort gods, vilket är kollin som är signifikant större än vanliga paket som skulle få plats i en brevlåda eller postbox, och inkluderar bland annat möbler, vitvaror och andra skrymmande varor. Trots att leverans av stort gods utgör en omfattande marknad så är den befintliga forskningen begränsad vad gäller hur nya last-mile-innovationer kan användas för stort gods; detta diskuteras framförallt i samband med vanliga paket. Denna uppsats är en explorativ och kvalitativ studie som tar avstamp i en bakgrund som beskriver viktiga transporttrender och vidare analyserar tre städer (Barcelona, San Francisco och Seoul), samt en fjärde stad (Stockholm) som både analyseras och diskuteras för potentiell implementation. Detta utförs i form av en fallstudie där datan inkluderar en litteraturstudie samt intervjuer med representanter från företaget IKEA. Flertalet last-mile-leveranskoncept förklaras och analyseras med Rogers’ teori för innovationers spridning. Studien gav insikter om hur en blandning av olika lösningar har uppkommit på de undersökta marknaderna, i huvudsak beroende av sociala, tekniska och legala faktorer. Fastän de flesta i teorin skulle kunna appliceras på medelstort till stort gods i framtiden så finns det idag olika svårigheter som bromsar införandet av dessa på en kommersiell skala; teknisk och legal mognad verkar vara de huvudsakliga hindren. Paketleveranser spelar en viktig roll i att driva på kundernas förväntningar, vilket tvingar försäljare av stora varor att utveckla sina leveranser för att inte tappa sin omsättning. Ekosystem av leveranslösningar kommer troligen att utvecklas i framtiden för att möta kundernas krav på flexibilitet. Vad gäller konkreta lösningar identifieras elektriska lastcyklar, upphämtningsställen och grannskapsleveranser som passande för dagens Stockholm, och följande tredjepartsavtal, fysiska egenskaper och plattformar diskuteras i implementationssammanhang. Fortsatt föreslås framtida studier att överväga ytterligare modeller för att vidareutveckla och generalisera implementationskrav, samt att fördjupa analysen av ekosystem relaterade till last-mile-leveranser genom att undersöka involverade aktörer för de föreslagna lösningarna.

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Brown, Jay R. "Stochastic and Discrete Green Supply Chain Delivery Models." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1366635130.

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Gojkovic, Jelena, and Mathilda Wikström. "Teknologins betydelse för last mile-leveransen : En kvalitativ studie om hur digitalisering, optimering och hållbarhet påverkar och ställer krav på last mile-leveranser inom e-handeln." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45259.

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E-commerce is growing every year with the number of parcel deliveries and distribution. Home deliveries have been in Sweden for a while but popularity of this service has increased extra in 2020 when it was the year the pandemic of the corona virus took place. Consumers stayed at home for a longer period of time and chose this service both because of safety but also convenience. Many e-retailers offered free delivery, so it may be the price that also made this service attractive. Many courier companies had to adapt their operations quickly in order to deliver all these packages in time. This study will examine the role of IS and IT in streamlining the process and facilitating communication between courier companies, e-retailers and consumers. Furthermore, the process within the last mile delivery will be studied and explained in more detail and what conditions are required for this type of delivery to be successful. The study examines three courier companies that are active in the Swedish market, but all three of them focus on different aspects that they think are important, such as the environment, speed or technology. The study was conducted with interviews of selected courier companies, the respondents came from Budbee, Bring and Postnord who worked at the operational level and had insight into the various delivery processes. To get an insight from e-commerce companies, who are the customers, Chimi eyewear was also interviewed. All respondents believe that home delivery will increase in the future, regardless of whether the pandemic continues or not. It is pointed out by all three companies that IS and IT help enormously, facilitate and streamline all parts of the process, from communications to the scanning of packages to the route optimization. After the study, it could be stated that the increase in e-commerce directly affects courier companies but also e-commerce as consumers become increasingly knowledgeable and demanding when it comes to service, speed and technology, as consumers are constantly connected.Both of them need to think fast and adapt quickly to the situation in society and in the industry. One of the companies sees an advantage in owning their interfaces and IS systems because then they can act quickly and adapt to required developments. As society functions more and more digitally, it can be good to digitize and streamline most processes in the business.
E-handel växer för varje år med det även antal paket leveranser och distribution. Hemleveranser har funnits i Sverige ett tag med popularitet för denna tjänst har ökat extra mycket under 2020 då det var året pandemin av viruset corona ägde rum. Konsumenterna var längre tid hemma och valde denna tjänst både på grund av säkerheten men även bekvämligheten. Många e- handlare erbjöd gratis leverans så det kan hända att även priset gjorde denna tjänst attraktiv. Många budföretag var tvungna att anpassa sina verksamheten snabbt för att hinna leverera alla dessa paket. I denna studie undersöks hur stor roll IS och IT hade i att effektivisera processen och underlätta kommunikation mellan budföretagen, e-handlarna och konsumenterna. Vidare kommer processen inom last mile-leveransen studeras och förklaras närmare samt vilka förutsättningar krävs för att denna typ av leverans ska lyckas. I studien undersöks tre budföretag som är verksamma på den svenska marknaden men alla tre lägger fokus på olika aspekter som de tycker är viktiga såsom miljö, snabbhet eller teknologi. Studien genomfördes med intervjuer av utvalda företag, respondenterna kom från Budbee, Bring och Postnord som jobbade på den operativa nivån och hade inblick i de olika leveransprocesserna. För att få en inblick från e-handelsföretag, dvs kunderna så intervjuades även Chimi eyewear. Alla respondenterna tror att hemleveransen kommer öka i framtiden oavsett om pandemin fortsätter eller inte. Det påpekas av alla tre företag att IS och IT hjälper enormt, underlättar samt effektiviserar alla delar i processen, från kommunikationer till skanningen av paket till ruttoptimeringen. Efter studien kunde det konstateras att ökningen av e-handeln direkt påverkar budföretagen men även e-handlarna då konsumenterna blir allt mer kunniga och krävande när det kommer till service, snabbhet och teknologi, då konsumenter ständigt är uppkopplade. Både, e-handlarna och budföretagen, måste numera tänka snabbt och anpassa sig snabbt till situationen i samhället och i branschen. Ett av företagen såg fördel i att äga sina gränssnitt och IS system för att då kan de agera snabbt och anpassa sig till IT-utveckling som råder. Då samhället fungerar allt mer digitalt kan det vara bra att digitalisera samt effektivisera de flesta processerna i verksamheten.

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Binadam, Zulnasree, and Alexandra Balan. "Last Mile Delivery of Swedish Retailers : A study on Swedish Omni-channel retailers and E-tailers." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54809.

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Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore last mile delivery practices among large and medium Swedish omni-channel (OC) retailers and e-tailers. Also, the study aims at analyzing what similarities and differences exist between the two types of retailers. Method: A literature review was carried out in order to gain more knowledge about the topic and develop a theoretical framework, used for analyzing data. Also, a quantitative study was conducted through electronic surveys (secondary data) and website observations (primary data). The 100 retailers were large and medium OC retailers and e-tailers and were selected based on a probability sample. Findings: The study has shown that there are plenty of similarities and differences between the two kinds of retailers. Some of the delivery practices and options that OC retailers and e-tailers perform similarly are unattended HD (unattended home delivery), attached C&C (click and collect), drop shipping, free solitary C&C (click and collect). There are also differences between retailers when it comes to attended HD, time slot, eco delivery or LTL-Courier (Less Than Truckload-courier). E-tailers offer more competitive remote deliveries with more free remote delivery options. OC retailers leverage on both store network and remote delivery services. Thus, OC retailers can learn how to cope with e-commerce growth and adapt their delivery services as e-tailers do. Limitations: This study has a geographical focus on Swedish OC retailers and e-tailers. The data that was collected has been limited to the logistics variables: delivery mode, velocity, time slot, slot price differentiation, delivery fee, eco delivery, picking location, delivery area and transport service. Theoretical implications: This study is an important step towards contributing to academic theoretical literature regarding last mile delivery practices. Based on the previous frameworks, new logistical variables were added, such as more velocities, delivery fee, eco delivery and drop shipping. These contributions were helpful in the process of exploring characteristics about retailers and how they differ from each other. Managerial implications: This research is valuable for managers and retailers in order to find the best logistical strategy. It could be beneficial for OC retailers who face challenges that e-commerce brings and compete with e-tailers. Keywords: Last-mile delivery, Retailing, Omni-channel, E-tailers, E-commerce. Paper type: Research paper

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Rautela, Himanshu. "Integrating collection-and-delivery points in the strategic design of last-mile e-commerce distribution networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122256.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 72-75).
The rapid growth in e-commerce volumes, coupled with customer expectations of faster, flexible and cheaper parcel deliveries is increasing the pressure on retailers to design the most efficient delivery network. Collection-and-delivery points (CDPs) allow for the aggregation of demand and enable reductions in travel time and costs. CDPs also help minimize additional tours arising due to failed deliveries or failed pickups for returns. We formulate an optimization model that integrates CDPs in the design of the overall distribution network, including the location of upstream transshipment facilities. The model accounts for changes in demand density due to the placement of CDPs. It considers demand aggregation at the CDP for both forward and return flows, and the impact of failed deliveries and failed return pickups on the routing cost. The model considers multiple different route options and solves them using extended routing cost approximation formulae thus allowing the implementation of the model on large-scale problems. We then apply the model to solve a real-world case study on the last-mile distribution network of a major Brazilian e-commerce retailer. The results demonstrate that failed deliveries and failed return pickups increase both the last-mile cost and the overall cost of distribution, and CDPs effectively reduce these costs by aggregating the demand and minimizing travel time.
by Himanshu Rautela.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management
M.Eng.inSupplyChainManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program

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WESTERLUND, GUSTAV, and DARIN BABAN. "Creating Value from Last Mile Deliveries to First Mile Recycling : A Case Study of an Urban Consolidation Center." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299592.

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This study is a part of the HITS-project at the Integrated Transport Research Lab at KTH. The demand for urban freight transportation has continued to grow during the last decades due to increased urbanization. Road-based freight transport contributes to air pollution, traffic congestion and noise pollution. The dependency of these services and because of their emissions of greenhouse gases there is a need for new sustainable initiatives. To investigate the possibility of consolidating the delivery of parcels and collection of recycling materials, a pilot initiative called Älskade Stad has been implemented in Stockholm. Traditionally, similar initiatives have encountered problems when municipalities have stopped the funding and it has also been difficult to convince companies to cooperate. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate what values that are being created from an urban consolidation center (UCC), as these could be seen as incentives for joining. Furthermore, it will identify what value propositions that are being offered for the city and the involved companies and how these companies capture these values. The thesis is conducted as a qualitative case study and uses the business model approach as a conceptual framework. The result from the study shows that four key resources and activities were related to value creation: a smaller truck which increased the filling rates, exemptions received from the municipality, new garage space utilization, and goods and waste flow consolidation. Furthermore, sustainable value propositions are offered to the companies and the city, such as, more attractive streets, higher profitability on trucks, increased publicity, improved work environment and finally green transportation solutions. This has entailed changes to the value capturing for the involved companies. Changes that are related to savings, revenue, and cost streams. The analysis from the study showed that the implementation of an UCC can help the city when facing urbanization challenges, and lead to a cleaner, safer, and more attractive city.
Denna studie är en del av HITS-projektet vid Integrated Transport Research Lab vid KTH. Efterfrågan på urbana varutransporter har fortsatt att öka under de senaste årtiondena på grund av en ökad urbanisering. Vägbaserad varutransport bidrar till luftföroreningar, köbildning och ljudföroreningar. Vikten av dess tjänster i kombination med dess stora utsläpp av växthusgaser skapar ett behov av nya hållbara initiativ. För att utforska en lösning som konsoliderar varuleveranser och upphämtning av returmaterial, har en pilotstudie med namnet Älskade Stad genomförts i Stockholm. Historiskt sett har liknande initiativ mött problem när finansiering från offentlig sektor tagit slut och dessutom har det varit svårt att övertyga företag att delta i samarbeten. Därför ämnar denna studie att kartlägga vilka värden som faktiskt skapas med hjälp av en urban samlastningscentral, vilket skulle kunna ses som möjliga incitament. Vidare syftar denna studie till att kartlägga vilka värden som erbjuds för staden samt involverade företag och hur dessa värden fångas av företagen. Denna uppsats är genomförd i form av en kvalitativ fallstudie och använder ett affärsmodellsperspektiv som teoretiskt ramverk. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med experter som är involverade i initiativet samt forskare insamlades data. Resultaten från studien påvisar fyra huvudsakliga aktiviteter och resurser kopplat till värdeskapande: en mindre lastbil som ökade fyllnadsgraden, dispenser utdelat från stadsförvaltningen, ny garageanvändning samt godskonsolidering. Utöver detta så uppstår ett hållbart värdeerbjudande till företagen och staden i form av en mer attraktiv gatumiljö, högre lönsamhet på sopbilar, ökad publicitet, förbättrad arbetsmiljö och en grön transportlösning. Detta har medfört förändringar när det gäller företagens värdefångst, förändringar kopplade till besparingar, intäkts- och kostnadsflöden. Analysen från studien visat att en implementering av en urban samlastningscentral kan hjälpa staden att bemöta urbaniseringsutmaningar och bidra till en renare, säkrare och attraktivare stadsmiljö.

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Hinzmann, Jessica, and Katharina Bogatzki. "Acceptance of Autonomous Delivery Vehicles for Last Mile Delivery in Germany : Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model to an Autonomous Delivery Vehicles Acceptance Model." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48879.

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The steady growth of the e-commerce sector and the associated logisticalchallenges in the last mile, as well as the equally increasing expectations ofconsumers for parcel delivery call for innovation in the last mile. Drones androbots seem to be a reasonable alternative delivery option to meet thesechallenges. Before these technologies are used as means of transport in the lastmile, it is necessary to investigate whether it will be accepted by potentialconsumers. This thesis aims to identify the factors influencing conumser’ acceptance ofautonomous delivery vehicles for delivery in Germany. To determine thebehaviour of potential consumers, the Technology Acceptance Model wasextended by several factors from different acceptance models that seemedrelevant from a consumer perspective. In order to investigate consumer acceptance, a quantitative approach wasconducted using questionnaires. The propsed hypotheses were tested usingstructural equation modelling. Further, a multi-group analysis was conducted toindentify sociodemographic differences. The results show that price sensitivity, perceived usefulness, hedonic motivation,and perceived ease of use influence the behavioural intention of consumers inGermany to use autonomous delivery vehicles, whereas privacy security andfacilitating conditions do not have a significant effect. Further no significantdifferences were found in the multigroup analysis.

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Savage, Laura Elizabeth. "Collection-and-Delivery-Points: A Variation on a Location-Routing Problem." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93955.

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Missed deliveries are a major issue for package carriers and a source of great hassle for the customers. Either the carrier attempts to redeliver the package, incurring the additional expense of visiting the same house up to three times, or they leave the package on the doorstep, vulnerable to package thieves. In this dissertation, a system of collection-and-delivery-points (CDPs) has been proposed to improve customer service and reduce carrier costs. A CDP is a place, either in an existing business or a new location, where the carrier drops any missed deliveries and the customers can pick the packages at their convenience. To examine the viability of a CDP system in North America, a variation on a location-routing problem (LRP) was created, a mixed-integer programming model called the CDP-LRP. Unlike standard LRPs, the CDP-LRP takes into account both the delivery truck route distance and the direct customer travel to the CDPs. Also, the facilities being placed are not located at the beginning and ending of the truck routes, but are stops along the routes. After testing, it became clear that, because of the size and complexity of the problem, the CDP-LRP is unable to be solved exactly in a reasonable amount of time. Heuristics developed for the standard LRP cannot be applied to the CDP-LRP because of the differences between the models. Therefore, three heuristics were created to approximate the solution to the CDP-LRP, each with two different embedded modified vehicle routing problem (VRP) algorithms, the Clark-Wright and the Sweep, modified to handle the additional restrictions caused by the CDPs. The first is an improvement heuristic, in which each closed CDP is tested as a replacement for each open CDP, and the move that creates the most savings is implemented. The second begins with every CDP open, and closes them one at a time, while the third does the reverse and begins will only one open CDP, then opens the others one by one. In each case, a penalty is applied if the customer travel distance is too long. Each heuristic was tested for each possible number of open CDPs, and the least expensive was chosen as the best solution. Each heuristic and VRP algorithm combination was tested using three delivery failure rates and different data sets: three small data sets pulled from VRP literature, and randomly generated clustered and uniformly distributed data sets with three different numbers of customers. OpenAll and OpenOne produced better solutions than Replacement in most instances, and the Sweep Algorithm outperformed the Clark-Wright in both solution quality and time in almost every test. To judge the quality of the heuristic solutions, the results were compared to the results of a simple locate-first, route-second sequential algorithm that represents the way the decision would commonly be made in industry today. The CDPs were located using a simple facility location model, then the delivery routes were created with the Sweep algorithm. These results were mixed: for the uniformly distributed data sets, if the customer travel penalty threshold and customer density are low enough, the heuristics outperform the sequential algorithm. For the clustered data sets, the sequential algorithm produces solutions as good as or slightly better than the sequential algorithm, because the location of the potential CDP inside the clusters means that the penalty has less impact, and the addition of more open CDPs has less effect on the delivery route distances. The heuristic solutions were also compared to a second value – the route costs incurred by the carrier in the current system of redeliveries, calculated by placing additional customers in the routes and running the Sweep algorithm – to judge the potential savings that could be realized by implementing a CDP system in North America. Though in some circumstances the current system is less expensive, depending on the geographic distribution of the customers and the delivery failure rate, in other circumstances the cost savings to the carrier could be as high as 27.1%. Though the decision of whether or not to set up a CDP system in an area would need to be made on a case-by-case basis, the results of this study suggest that such a system could be successful in North America.
Doctor of Philosophy
Missed deliveries are a major issue for package carriers and a source of great hassle for the customers. Either the carrier attempts to redeliver the package, incurring the additional expense of visiting the same house up to three times, or they leave the package on the doorstep, vulnerable to package thieves. In this dissertation, a system of collection-and-delivery-points (CDPs) has been proposed to improve customer service and reduce carrier costs. A CDP is a place, either in an existing business or a new location, where the carrier drops any missed deliveries and the customers can pick the packages at their convenience. To examine the viability of a CDP system in North America, a mathematical programming model was created called the CDP-LRP. Because of the size and complexity of the problem, it is unable to be solved exactly in a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, three heuristics were created to approximate the solution to the CDP-LRP, each with two different embedded modified vehicle routing problem (VRP) algorithms. For all the heuristics, a penalty is applied if the customer travel distance is too long. Each heuristic and VRP algorithm combination was tested using different data sets: three small data sets pulled from VRP literature, and randomly generated clustered and uniformly distributed data sets with three different numbers of customers. To judge the quality of the heuristic solutions, the results were compared to the results of a simple locate-first, route-second sequential algorithm that represents the way the decision would commonly be made in industry today. These results were mixed: for the uniformly distributed data sets, if the customer travel penalty threshold and customer density are low enough, the heuristics outperform the sequential algorithm. For the clustered data sets, the sequential algorithm produces solutions as good as or slightly better than the sequential algorithm, because the location of the potential CDP inside the clusters means that the penalty has less impact, and the addition of more open CDPs has less effect on the delivery route distances. The heuristic solutions were also compared to a second value – the route costs incurred by the carrier in the current system of redeliveries – to judge the potential savings that could be realized by implementing a CDP system in North America. Though in some circumstances the current system is less expensive, depending on the geographic distribution of the customers and the delivery failure rate, in other circumstances the cost savings to the carrier could be as high as 27.1%. Though the decision of whether or not to set up a CDP system in an area would need to be made on a case-by-case basis, the results of this study suggest that such a system could be successful in North America.

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JOHNNER, OLIN ANTON, and TAREK PENSER. "Light electric freight vehicle concept : A pedal assist trike designed for urban last mile deliveries." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299839.

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In recent years there has been a shift in the way consumer products are being purchased shifting from physical in-store shopping to online shopping. A vast amount of goods, express deliveries and simple returns have led to the need for new tools and methods for the delivery industry. At the same time, the environmental crisis is ongoing, and preventive regulations are being implemented in countries worldwide, directly affecting the urban transport sector. One step that has been taken by the urban transportation sector is the implementation of different types of electric vehicles for last mile deliveries of goods. The Swedish motorcycle manufacturer Cake launched their first motorcycle in 2017 and have since then launched other models. More recently Cake has brought products to the market that aim toward business to business. As a part of this effort, Cake was interested in the development of a concept within the last mile delivery sector. The purpose of the project was to investigate last mile deliveries in urban environments to learn what requirements there were on light electric freight vehicles being used. The goal was to define and develop a light electric freight vehicle concept for Cake. Following the double diamond methodology, research was conducted on state of theart, stakeholder needs and EU regulations leading to user insights and a requirements specification. Based on the insights and requirements, concepts were developed through an iterative process, leading to a final concept. The final concept was a 800mm wide trike operated by pedal assist, with the capability to transport cargo that has the area of an EUR pallet behind the driver while still being allowed in bicycle lanes. The concept was validated by building a full scale prototype and conducting tests on it against the insights and requirements specification.
De senaste åren har beteenden kring köp av konsumentprodukter fundamentalt förändrats, där handeln stadigt går från butikshandel till onlinehandel. Till följd av de stora godsmängder som cirkulerar, i kombination med att tjänster så som expressleveranser och snabba returer blir allt vanligare, så har leverans branschens behov av nya verktyg och metoder ökat. Samtidigt har den pågående miljökrisen lett till att många länder i världen implementerar en allt hårdare miljöpolitik som direkt påverkar den urbana transportsektorn. Ett steg som tagits av den urbanatransportsektorn är att implementera av olika typer av elektriska fordon ämnade för leveranser i urbana miljöer, så kallat “last mile deliveries”. Svenska motorcykeltillverkaren Cake lanserade deras första motorcykel 2017. Sedan dess har de släppt ett flertal modeller samt lanserat produkter ämnade för företagsverksamheter, även kallat“business to business”. Som en del av utvecklingen mot “business to business” var Cake intresserade av att utveckla ett koncept riktat mot “last mile deliveries”. Syftet med projektet var att undersöka “last mile deliveries” i stadsmiljöer för att förstå vilka krav som finns på lätta elektriska fraktfordon inom branschen. Målet med projektet var att definiera och utveckla ett koncept av en lätt elektrisk fraktfordon till Cake. Designprocessen strukturerades enligt “double diamond” metodologin, där forskningen bestod avanalyser av befintliga produkter på marknaden, intervjuer av personer på olika fraktbolag, samt litteraturstudier av forskningsrapporter samt EU-regler. Insikterna ledde till användar-insikter samt en kravspecifikation. Baserat på insikterna och kravspecifikationen utvecklades ett koncept genom en iterativ process. Slutkonceptet var en 800mm bred trehjulig eldriven cykel med en lastkapacitet på minst 1 kubikmeter. Konceptet validerades med tester på en fullskalig prototyp, där funktioner och geometri utvärderades mot kravspecifikationen.

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Björkbom, Amel, and Kimberly Nguyen. "Roadblocks Hindering a Fossil-Free Stockholm : Research of the Impact of Food Delivery Technology." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298327.

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Online food delivery (OFD) services have become increasingly popular and accessible, allowing customers to choose between a wide range of restaurants conveniently, compare meals and prices effectively, and arrange the delivery of the meal immediately. Thus, the number of last-mile online food deliveries has increased, creating challenges for urban cities. Based on the goal that the City Council of Stockholm has set up regarding becoming fossil-free by 2040, this report examines the effects of the last-mile deliveries in the food delivery sector, particularly how the food is delivered to consumers today, and what challenges the OFD companies are facing in relation to lowering emissions from last-mile deliveries in the urban area. The study consists of empirical data collected from a quantitative survey answered by food delivery consumers in Stockholm, a qualitative interview with Sofia Leffler Moberg, Head of Sustainable Transformation at PostNord, and secondary data published online. The results show that there is a discrepancy between how the food was delivered to the customer and what the respective OFD platform recounted in their application to be the delivery method. The in-app visualization shows that the predominant vehicle used for delivery was bicycle, however, the answers from the participants in the investigation indicate that fossil-driven vehicles such as cars and mopeds are used for delivering. The findings also indicate that there is, to a certain extent, an awareness and a presence of sustainability work in relation to carbon dioxide emissions, however, the work is argued to be limited in relation to what is actually needed in order to contribute to becoming a fossil-free city. Therefore, a large commitment by both the OFD companies and the City Council of Stockholm is needed to accelerate the transition from fossil-driven to fossil-free delivery fleets in order to reduce the GHG emissions from the last-mile deliveries within the sector.
Matleveranstjänster har blivit alltmer populära och tillgängliga, vilket gör att kunderna enkelt kan välja mellan ett brett utbud av restauranger, jämföra måltider och priser effektivt och ordna leveransen av maten direkt. Således har antalet sista mil matleveranser ökat och skapat utmaningar för städerna. Baserat på det mål som Stockholms Stad har satt upp om att bli fossilfritt till år 2040, undersöker denna rapport effekterna av leveranserna i sista milen inom matleveranssektorn, särskilt hur maten levereras till konsumenterna idag och vilka utmaningar matleveransföretagen står inför i förhållande till att minska utsläppen från sista milen leveranser i stadsområdet. Studien består av empirisk data insamlad från en kvantitativ undersökning besvarad av personer som konsumerar matleveranstjänster i Stockholm, en kvalitativ intervju med Sofia Leffler Moberg, hållbarhetschef på PostNord, och sekundära data publicerade på nätet. Resultaten visar att det finns en avvikelse mellan hur maten levererades till kunden och vilken leveransmetod respektive matleverans-plattform angav i sin applikation. Visualiseringen i applikationen visade att cykel var vanligast för matleveranser i Stockholm, men deltagarna i undersökningen indikerade att fossila fordon som bilar och mopeder används oftare än cykel. Resultaten tyder också på att det till viss del finns en medvetenhet och närvaro av hållbarhetsarbete i förhållande till koldioxidutsläpp, men arbetet är begränsat i relation till vad som behövs göras för att uppnå målet om att bli en fossilfri stad. Därför behövs ett stort åtagande från både matleverans-företagen och Stockholms Stad för att påskynda övergången från fossildrivna till elektriska leveransflottor för att minska växthusgasutsläppen från sista milen leveranser inom sektorn.

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ASGHARI, Mina. "Supply chain visibility in the last mile of delivery : A case study of the National Family Planning Supply Chain in Zimbabwe." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246023.

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During the last decade, the role of supply chains has increasingly been articulated to be a key issue when it comes to universal health coverage. Humanitarian organization, donors and governments have started to realize that strong supply chains, in particular increased supply chain visibility, is imperative to ensuring proper availability of, and access to, health commodities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Understanding the processes at every stage of the supply chain allows for mitigation of risks, forward optimization and identification of best practices. More importantly, it ensures the availability of commodities at the last mile of distribution. During the course of this study, it was shown that the notion of supply chain visibility is an ambiguous concept, which makes it challenging for organizations to know how and what to address when aiming to improve the level of supply chain visibility. The best way of measuring the level of supply chain visibility was considered as being through measuring the quantity, accuracy and freshness of the information (status information, transactional information and master data) that is shared throughout the supply chain. By assessing the three attributes of the information that is shared within a supply chain, organizations and governments in LMICs, in this case the national family planning supply chain of Zimbabwe, can assess the current level of supply chain visibility and understand what there is that affects its levels. The findings showed that there are many areas that can be addressed when aiming to improve the level of supply chain visibility - many of which are not related to sophisticated information technology (IT) solutions. However, people tend leap from supply chain visibility to sophisticated IT solutions, when discussing how the level of supply chain visibility can be improved. The belief that investments in IT solutions will increase the level of supply chain visibility has shown to be an error of perception. When framing a problem solely as a technological issue, the risk is that other critical factors that can improve the quantity, accuracy and freshness of the information, thus also the supply chain visibility, are overlooked. Instead, this study suggests that organizations and governments should address two parameters; system maturity and capacity. Together, they capture the full spectrum of factors that can be addressed when aiming to increase the level of supply chain visibility in LMICs. System maturity refers to the way in which the supply chain is designed to facilitate for superior information sharing, such as frequency of resupply intervals, choice of push- or pull-system, the number of tiers or design of the logistics management and information system. The capability refers to the aggregated of the system ability, including; workload, training, education, competence, experiences and will of individuals working within the supply chain. By using the two parameters as a guideline, the idea is that organizations and governments in LMICs will be able capture a broader spectrum of possible areas that can be addressed when aiming to improve the level of supply chain visibility.
Under det senaste årtiondet har leverantörskedjans roll blivit en nyckelfråga när det kommer till universell hälsodekning. Humanitära organisationer, donatorer och regeringar har börjat inse att starka logistikkedjor, i synnerhet ökad ”supply chain visibility”, är absolut nödvändiga för att säkerställa rätt tillgång till hälsoprodukter i låg- och medelinkomstländer (LMIL). Att förstå processerna i logistikkedjans samtliga led, gör att man kan identifiera flaskhalsar, riskminimera och optimera flödet av produkter. Framförallt så möjliggör ökad supply chain visibility att man kan säkerställa tillgången på livsnödvändiga hälsoprodukter vid logistikkedjans slutdestination. Under denna studie visade det sig att begreppet supply chain visibility är ett tvetydigt koncept som gör det svårt för organisationer att veta hur och vad de bör adressera när de eftersträvar en ökad nivå av synlighet i logistikkedjan. De parametrar som ansågs bäst beskriva nivån av supply chain visibility var genom att bedöma kvantiteten, noggrannheten och färskheten av informationen (statusinformation, transaktionsinformation och masterdata) som delas genom hela logistikkedjan. Genom att granska de tre attributen av den information som delas inom en logistikkedja så kan organisationer och regeringar i LMILs, i detta fall den nationella logistikkedjan i Zimbabwe, utvärdera den nuvarande nivå av supply chain visibility och förstå vad det är som påverkar dess nivå. Resultaten för denna studie visade att det finns många områden som kan åtgärdas när man syftar till att förbättra nivån av supply chain visibility - varav många inte alls är relaterade till sofistikerade IT-lösningar. Tyvärr, så har det visat sig att många individer ofta tror sofistikerade IT-lösningar är lösningen, när man vill öka graden av supply chain visibility. Med denna tro riskerar man att förbise andra kritiska faktorer som också kan förbättra informationens kvantitet, noggrannhet och färskhet, således även graden av supply chain visibility. Denna studie föreslår att organisationer och regeringar istället bör adressera två parametrar; systemmognad och kapacitet. Tillsammans fångar de två parametrarna hela spektret av faktorer som kan adresseras när man vill öka graden av supply chain visibility. Systemmognad avser utformandet logistikkedjans för att underlätta för bättre informationsutbyte, såsom leveransfrekvensen, val av push- eller pull-system, antal distributionsnivåer eller utformningen av i logistik- och informationshanteringssystemet. Kapaciteten avser den aggregerade förmågan av systemet, vilket bland annat inkluderar; utbildning, träning, kompetens, erfarenheter, arbetsbelastning, och vilja hos individer som arbetar inom logistikkedjan. Genom att använda de två parametrarna som en riktlinje, är tanken att organisationer och regeringar i LMILs kan fånga ett bredare spektrum av möjliga områden som kan adresseras när man syftar till att förbättra nivån på försörjningskedjans synlighet.

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Li, Jun. "Autonomous Mobile Lockers (AMLs) for City Logistics." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29359.

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This study introduces Autonomous Mobile Lockers (AMLs) into the current city logistics network. This new pickup and delivery technology can solve several problems, such as a shortage of parking places in the CBD area, traffic congestion on the roads, the high cost of depot rent, and transportation costs. In the traditional parcel logistics network, couriers perform direct tours to customers to collect and deliver parcels, and at the end of each tour, they need to bring the collected parcels to a designated depot to join the transfer to the hub. The proposed system consists of couriers working with AMLs that visit the couriers in the field and transfer parcels between the couriers and the depot. Couriers can continue their tours without making repeated returns to the depot while the courier retains contact with the customer. At the same time, the AMLs can enlarge the coverage of each depot and allow a reduction in the number of depots, saving on rent. To study the effectiveness of AMLs, we formulate the one-echelon location routing problem (LRP), the two-echelon location routing problem (2E-LRP), and the two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2E-VRP), which optimises the routes of AMLs and couriers as well as the locations of the depots and the stops where AMLs and couriers meet to exchange parcels. As these problems are challenging to solve for large problem instances, we have developed several heuristics and tested these against the Gurobi solver for small problem instances, providing confidence in the quality of the heuristics. The results show the efficiency of the proposed heuristics for large problem instances in terms of solution quality and execution time.

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Herlin, Malin, Adrian Mårtensson, and Christoffer Nydahl. "Tjänsteinnovationer inom sista milen - En studie av konsumenters inställning till crowdsourcing, paketskåp och smarta lås." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24035.

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Det ständigt växande e-handelssegmentet ställer helt nya krav på transporter inom sista milenleveranser. Sista milen är ofta förknippad med negativa externaliteter som buller, trängsel ochutsläpp och dessutom låg kostnadseffektivitet. Sista milen är därför en del i logistikkedjan somhar stor förbättringspotential. Det har därför på senare tid uppkommit en del innovationer inomsista milen som ska kunna öka effektiviteten och minska de negativa externaliteterna.I denna studie har vi, med hjälp av virtuella fokusgruppsintervjuer, undersökt åtta individersinställning till tre olika innovativa leveransmetoder; crowdsourcing, paketskåp och smarta lås.Vi har även undersökt vad det är som påverkar denna inställning och antagandet av dem, samt vilka förväntningar som individerna har på nya leveranssätt. Till vår hjälp har vi bland annat haft teori kring hur individer antar nya innovationer, vad en tjänsteinnovation är samt tidigare forskning om våra undersökta leveranssätt. Fortsättningsvis har vi även haft teori kring upplevd risk och vad som skapar värde för kunder. Med hjälp av dessa teorier kunde vi i analysen besvara våra frågeställningar. Det visade sig att deltagarna generellt sett har en negativ inställning till crowdsourcing och smarta lås som leveranssätt. Beträffande paketskåp fanns en generellt sett positiv inställning. Det var också det leveranssätt som många deltagare provat tidigare. De är generellt sett nöjda med de leveranssätt som redan existerar och därför är intresset för innovativa leveranssätt inte så stort. Vid diskussioner gällande samtligaleveranssätt fördes resonemang kopplat till värde och risk. Beträffande både inställningen tillinnovationerna och förväntningarna på dem uppfattar vi det som att relativa fördelar,komplexitet och kompatibilitet spelar stor roll vid antagande av innovationer. Även recensioneroch “word of mouth” har visat sig spela in.
A continuously growing B2C e-commerce sector creates new challenges and a differentdemand in the transport sector, especially in the final step of a logistic supply chain - the lastmile delivery. Furthermore, the last mile is also known as the least cost effective part of alogistic chain as well as the part that is associated with negative externalities like congestion,air pollution and noise pollution, especially in urban areas. Considering this, the last mile is apart with high potential of improvement. This is also why last mile delivery innovations arestarting to show up on the market.With the help of virtual focus group methodology, we have in this study aimed to investigateeight people’s attitude towards three last mile delivery innovations; crowdsourcing, parcellockers and smart locks. We have studied things that can have an affect on this attitude and the adoption of innovations, but also what expectations the customers have on last mileinnovations in general. To be able to analyze our data, we have used a variety of theories,including Diffusion of innovations theory, and theories regarding customer value, risk andservice innovation. Regarding our three service innovations, we have also included previousresearch concerning those.Our research showed a negative attitude towards crowdsourcing and smart locks, and a positive attitude towards parcel lockers, which also was the innovation that a lot of our participants had tried. In general, all participants were satisfied with existing delivery methods, why the motivating factors for using the innovations are few. Discussions regarding customer value and risk were influential in our results. We also found mutual factors in what affects attitude and expectations, factors like complexity, compatibility and relative advantages. Furthermore, reviews and word of mouth also seem to have an affect on their attitude towards the innovations.

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Sällström, Gustav. "Supply Chain Visibility in the Humanitarian Context During the Last Mile of Delivery : A case study at the United Nations Population Fund in Zimbabwe." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288101.

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The global business environment is rapidly changing, and with the emergence of a new landscape comes new challenges. Traditional supply chains have been reshaped in an attempt to better adjust to the ever-increasing globalization process. This has increased the complexity of logistics as supply chains now are global, multi-tiered and encompass a variety of activities and stakeholders. As a result, many organizations are struggling to fully monitor their supply chains due to the lack of visibility within the supply chain. This concerns not only commercial corporations but also humanitarian organizations in their quest to improve the situation for people in need. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of Supply Chain Visibility and determine which factors that affect the level of visibility in a supply chain, and to investigate how humanitarian organizations can increase the level of Supply Chain Visibility during the last mile of delivery. The research was conducted by means of an extensive literature review and a case study in Zimbabwe. The case study included a mapping of the national supply chain and an assessment of the current level of visibility. Subsequently, the underlying issues that affect the current level of visibility were identified and analysed. The findings from the study show that the underlying activity and the antecedent of Supply Chain Visibility is information sharing between trading partners in the supply chain. The activity of information sharing is in turn determined by the level of connectivity and willingness. Connectivity measures the maturity of the technological means that an organisation possesses for the use of information sharing and willingness is a measurement of an organization’s attitude toward the act of information sharing. The attribute of the shared information, in terms of quality and quantity, is what finally determines the level of visibilityin a supply chain. For humanitarian organizations to increase the level of visibility during the last mile of delivery, the findings show that organizations must improve the attributes of the shared information. As information collection is often directly tied to the physical distribution of commodities, organizations must improve their transportation operations in order to increase the level of quality of the shared information. In the long run it is imperative that humanitarian organizations detach the information flows from the physical flows so that information is transmitted electronically from health facilities to the central information repository, rather than being collected by vehicle. Implementing a Logistics Management Information System based on the GS1 standards is therefore a necessity as it would allow for automatic information capture and dissemination among supply chain stakeholders.
Den globala marknaden förändras snabbt och i takt med att det affärsmässiga landskapet förändras kommer nya utmaning. Traditionella leverantörskedjor har oformaterats i ett försök att bättre anpassa sig till den ständigt ökande globaliseringen. Detta har lett till att komplexiteten inom logistikområdet ökat och leverantörskedjor är idag globala, flerskiktade och innefattar en mängd aktiviteter och aktörer. Som ett resultat av detta har många organisationer idag svårt att fullt ut övervaka sina leveranskedjor på grund av bristande insyn. Detta rör inte endast kommersiella företag utan även humanitära organisationer i deras strävan att förbättra levnadssituationen för människor i nöd. Syftet med den här studien var att utforska begreppet ”Supply Chain Visibility” och slå fast vilka faktorer som påverkar graden av insyn i leverantörskedjan, samt att undersöka hur humanitära organisationer kan öka graden av insyn i sina leveranskedjor under ”the last mileof delivery”. Studien genomfördes med hjälp en grundlig litteraturstudie och en fallstudie i Zimbabwe. Fallstudien inkluderade en kartläggning av den nationella leveranskedjan och en bedömning av den nuvarande nivån av insyn i denna. De underliggande problemen som påverkar den nuvarande nivån av insyn i leveranskedjan identifierades och analyserades slutligen. Resultaten från studien visar att den underliggande aktiviteten som föregår ”Supply Chain Visibility” är informationsdelning mellan aktörer inom leveranskedjan. Graden av informationsdelning beror i sin tur på konnektiviteten i leveranskedjan och på viljan hos enskilda aktörer att dela information med andra parter. Konnektivitet är ett mått på hur lämpade och sammankopplade de tekniska medel, som en organisation använder sig av, är för att dela information. Det som slutligen avgör vilken insyn, i leveranskedjan, som en aktör kan realisera är egenskaperna hos den delade informationen i termer av kvalitet och kvantitet. Studien visar att humanitära organisationer måste förbättra egenskaperna hos den informationsom delas, för att öka graden av insyn i leveranskedjan. Eftersom insamlandet av information ofta sker i samband med den fysiska distributionen av produkter måste humanitära organisationer fokusera på att förbättra och effektivisera dessa transportprocesser för att öka kvaliteten på informationen. På sikt är det därför helt centralt att informationsflödena skiljs från de fysiska flödena så att information kan överföras elektroniskt från kliniker till den centrala datalagringsenheten, istället för att samlas in med hjälp av distribueringsfordonen. Att implementera ett ”Logistics Management Information System” baserat på GS1 standarden är därför nödvändigt då det skulle tillåta automatisk informationsinsamling och informationsspridning mellan intressenter inom leverantörskedjan.

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Movaheddin, Armin. "Sustainable automated transportation systems directing towards smart cities : A feasibility study of droid delivery in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301167.

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The rapid growth of E-commerce around the world has prompted related stakeholders to place a greater emphasis on automation. Catastrophes like pandemics are boosting the public demand for quick and efficient transportation, among others. Automated vehicle technologies are associated with the last-mile delivery operations that lead to improving sustainability and Smart Cities. In this context, Autonomous Vehicles are being explored as a viable urban logistics solution.This empirical thesis conducts a feasibility study to investigate the feasibility of incorporating an Autonomous Vehicle into E-commerce operations in Stockholm, Sweden. A case study is analyzed by foodora AB, a German company that operates as a distributor of food and goods in the Swedish market. The study provides a framework that depicts the issues faced by Q- commerce, Operational Planning, and Stakeholders, respectively when introducing Autonomous Vehicles. The results of the study’s qualitative and quantitative approach show that Stockholm's infrastructure is in line with the sustainability plans and is considered ready for droid operations. According to the findings, the utilization rate that is defined as the number of orders delivered per hour can be as high as 2.4 resulting in a high degree of customer satisfaction. However, regulations, classifications, weather conditions, and internet connectivity continue to be major challenges. Autonomous Vehicles must be included in legislative consideration as a mode of transportation in the future to facilitate operations and safety measures.
Den snabba tillväxten av e-handel runtom i världen har fått närstående intressenter att lägga större vikt vid automatisering. Katastrofer som pandemier ökar allmänhetens krav på bland annat snabba och effektiva transporter. Autonoma fordon är förknippade med ”last-mile” transporter av gods som leder till förbättrad hållbarhet och smarta städer. I detta sammanhang utforskas autonoma fordon som en livskraftig citylogistik-lösning.Denna empiriska avhandling genomför en genomförbarhetsstudie för att undersöka möjligheten att integrera ett autonomt fordon i e-handelsverksamheten i Stockholm, Sverige. I synnerhet analyseras en fallstudie av foodora AB, ett tyskt företag som är verksamma som distributör av matvaror på den svenska marknaden. Studien ger ett ramverk som visar de frågor som Q-handel, operativ planering respektive intressenter står inför vid ett införande av autonoma fordon. Resultaten av studiens kvalitativa och kvantitativa tillvägagångssätt visar att Stockholms infrastruktur är i linje med hållbarhetsplanerna och till synes redo för droid leveranser. Enligt resultaten kan utnyttjandegraden, definierad som antal utförda orderleveranser inom en timme, vara så hög som 2,4, vilket resulterar i en hög grad av kundtillfredsställelse. Regler, klassificeringar, väderförhållanden och internetanslutning är dock fortfarande stora utmaningar. Autonoma fordon måste tas med i lagstiftningen som ett transportmedel i framtiden för att underlätta drift och säkerhetsåtgärder.

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Patania, Fortunato. "The future of retailing: analysis of the context and development of the Omni-Channel strategy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Con la presente ricerca si pone in essere uno studio sulla dimensione del business del Retail, mediante un approccio teorico al quale sono stati correlati alcuni casi aziendali. Negli ultimi anni, l’evoluzione dello spettro di abitudini del consumatore, con la rapida diffusione delle tecnologie di rete, ha richiesto alle aziende di attuare approcci e strategie nuove ed integrate per il raggiungimento del successo aziendale. L’analisi dei segmenti di clientela ha dimostrato come l’avvento di Internet abbia inevitabilmente generato impatti sia sulla vita delle persone sia sul modo di fare impresa. Ciò ha creato delle opportunità, come ad esempio una maggiore visione globale del mercato, ma anche fenomeni quali lo ShowRooming e il WebRooming, che devono essere contrastati se incontrollati o altrimenti sfruttati. Oggi i clienti interagiscono con le aziende attraverso diversi punti di contatto su più canali e media. Questi cambiamenti richiedono alle aziende di integrare più funzioni per offrire esperienze positive ai clienti. Il Retail infatti, si è fisiologicamente evoluto negli anni passando dal classico negozio mono canale, fino ad un concetto più complesso che integra l' online e l'offline. Ciò porta le aziende a rivedere l’intera supply chain. L’analisi del business di Apple, Burberry e Morrisons/ Amazon ha permesso di studiare l’applicazione della strategia Omni-Channel nel rispettivo settore di competenza, approfondendo i vantaggi/ i problemi riscontrati. Infatti, seppur oggi non sia utilizzata da tutte le aziende a causa degli sforzi necessari per l’adottamento, la strategia Omni-Channel è ancora inevitabilmente destinata a prospettive di crescita capillare che porterà ad una evoluzione del concetto stesso di negozio verso una dimensione integrata di vendita al dettaglio. Infine, l’analisi dei trend di business di DHL e UKMail ha permesso di porre l’enfasi sui temi del fullfillment e del last mile delivery.

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Parenzan, Federico. "I droni nella supply chain: campi applicativi, requisiti tecnici e possibili scenari futuri." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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I veicoli a pilotaggio remoto, o più comunemente droni, stanno sempre più prendendo piede in una società che non ha più tempo per l’attesa e desidera tutto nel minor tempo possibile. Grazie alla loro versatilità, alla loro facilità di controllo e al loro prezzo accessibile, anche i più grande player logistici hanno iniziato ad intravedere in questi mezzi un modo per diminuire i costi, aumentare il livello di servizio e cavalcare allo stesso tempo l’onda dell’avanzamento tecnologico portato avanti dai principi dell’industria 4.0. All’interno dell’ottica supply chain, i droni hanno la capacità di migliorare i processi esistenti, come per esempio le attività effettuate nell’ultimo miglio, sempre più di cruciale importanza se pensiamo a quanti prodotti vengono consegnati ogni giorno in tutto il mondo; se guardiamo invece alla logistica indoor un drone permette di ottimizzare quelle operazioni che sono per definizione time consuming e di basso valore, come per esempio le attività di inventario. Non solo, se si osserva il topic da un punto di vista più ampio è possibile immaginare come questa nuova tecnologia possa avere un ruolo cruciale anche in altre attività logistiche non direttamente correlate ad ambienti produttivi, come per esempio le operazioni di logistica umanitaria, le attività di sorveglianza e di monitoraggio, l’agricoltura di precisione, e molto altro ancora. Il tema è quindi più complesso ed attuale di quello che sembra, ed è proprio questo il motivo per cui è necessario ora più che mai aggiornare lo stato dell’arte di questa tecnologia, con lo sguardo rivolto alle attività svolte in ambito supply chain. L’obiettivo della tesi è quindi quello di entrare nel dettaglio e scoprire come tutti i processi logistici più importanti possano essere influenzati dall’utilizzo dei droni.

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Nordin, Ludwig, Bozbey Karl Björnstedt, Martin Overgaard, and Lundgren Philip Persson. "Citylogistik och logistikföretag i en kontext av ökad e-handel : med olika utmaningar och hur logistikföretag hanterar utmaningarna." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44017.

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We have conducted a study that is intended to investigate and understand how logistics companies in city logistics handle increased e-commerce challenges and describe what actions they take. To be able to do that, two question formulations have been formulated that goes: “What challenges, caused by an increased e-commerce, exist for logistics companies within city logistics?” and “What are logistics companies doing to address the challenges that exist and that are caused by increased e-commerce?”. Further is the theoretical frame of references presented where challenges and innovations for logistics companies in city logistics is a central point. We have used a qualitative approach, where semi-structured interviews have been used to get the essential information to be able to analyze towards our theoretical frame of references. Headliners that are found in the theoretical frame of references reappear in both the empirical material and the analysis to get a common thread throughout the study. In the analysis, we have our question formulations as headliners to really analyze challenges and innovations. Our study has contributed to an increased understanding of how logistics companies handle an increased e-commerce challenge and describe what actions they take. We have noted that the increased e-commerce has led to challenges for logistics companies in city logistics. We concluded that e-commerce has become more complex with shorter lead time, more but smaller packages and higher demands from consumers have been added, which is considered a challenge for logistics companies. The study shows the main challenges that increased e-commerce brought. The study also shows various innovations and actions by logistics companies within city logistics.
Vi har gjort en studie som är ämnad att undersöka och förstå hur logistikföretag inom citylogistik hanterar ökade e-handelsutmaningar samt beskriva åtgärder de vidtar. För att kunna göra det har vi utgått från två frågeställningar som lyder: “Vilka utmaningar, orsakade av ökad e-handel, finns för logistikföretag inom citylogistik?” och “Vad görlogistikföretag inom citylogistik för att hantera de utmaningar som finns och som är orsakade av ökad e-handel?” Vidare presenteras det teoretiska referensram där utmaningar och innovationer för logistikföretag inom citylogistik är en central del. Vi har använt oss utav ett kvalitativt angreppssätt där vi har genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer för att få den väsentliga informationen för att kunna analysera gentemot vår teoretiska referensram. Rubriker som finns i den teoretiska referensramen återkommer i både det empiriska materialet och analysen för att få en röd tråd genom hela studien. I analysen har vi däremot våra frågeställningar som huvudrubriker för att verkligen analysera utmaningarna och innovationerna. Vår studie har bidragit med en ökad förståelse hur logistikföretag inom citylogistik hanterar ökad e-handelsutmaningar samt vilka åtgärder de vidtar. Vi har konstaterat att den ökade e-handeln har medfört utmaningar för logistikföretag inom citylogistik. E-handelslogiken har blivit mer komplex på senaste tiden där korta ledtider, fler men mindre paket och högre krav från konsumenterna har tillkommit vilket anses som utmaningar för logistikföretagen. Studien visar på de huvudsakliga utmaningarna som ökad e-handel medfört. Studien visar även på olika innovationer och åtgärder som används av logistikföretag inom citylogistik.

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Paš, Antonín. "Design lehkého dodávkového elektromobilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445171.

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This thesis deals with light utility vehicle design (class N1). Apart from designing vehicle’s appearance, other goals such as finding suitable usage of this electric vehicle type or adapting design to user’s needs and new technologies available were set. Usage of light e-van as a last mile delivery vehicle is proposed and following design process takes this purpose into account. Reasoning behind determining decisions is also given in this thesis. Final design stands out with original shaping, while possibilities of colour and graphics make it easily distinguishable among other vehicles. Design also suggests multiple changes in ergonomics of the vehicle, focused mainly on driver’s comfort and overall adaptation to selected vehicle’s use.

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Rahmani, Hoda. "Traveling Salesman Problem with Single Truck and Multiple Drones for Delivery Purposes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1563894245160348.

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Latovic, Minela, Angelika Pikus, Parvaneh Pourahmadi, and Hager Ramadan. "SISTA MILEN LEVERANSER : Effektivisering av logistiklösningar med hjälp av eldrivna lastcyklar och paketskåp." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44900.

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Bakgrund: Ett problem med sista mil leveranser är att kunderna sätter höga krav på snabba och bekväma leveranser vilket har bidragit till en ökning av sista mil leveranser under de senaste åren. Införandet av energisnåla och utsläppsfria fordon som el- lastcyklar kan leda till att minska negativa externaliteter i trafiken. En annan logistisklösning som är smidig samt miljövänlig är paketskåp. Användning av paketskåp gör det att transporter, leveranser och upphämtning av paket går snabbt och effektivt. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera logistiklösningar genom leveransprocessen och de logistiklösningar som behandlas är: cykelleveranser och paketskåp. Metod:Examensarbetet grundas i en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv ansats. Fyra intervjuer genomfördes med två olika transportföretag i Malmö. Utgångspunkten i studien är den teoretiska referensramen som byggs på tidigare forskning i form av vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet av intervjuerna har byggt upp det empiriska kapitlet. Resultat:Analysen tyder på att sista milen leder generellt till högre kostnader för transportföretag samt orsakar föroreningar och trängsel. Effektivisering av logistiklösningar bidrar till högre produktivitet samt förbättrad hållbarhet i staden. Resultatet redogör även att effektivisering av leveransprocessen genom aspekter som leveranssäkerhet, korta leveranstider samt leveranspålitlighet skapar kundlojalitet och ökar företagets attraktivitet. De slutsatserna som kan dras är att cykelleveranser och paketskåp kan bidra till effektiva sista mil leveranser. Vidare visar studien att effektivisering av logistiklösningar medför till en högre produktivitet och förbättrad leveransservice. Kundernas krav på hög leveransservice med korta leveranstider, god flexibilitet och leveranssäkerhet leder till att företag anpassar sina leveransprocesser för att kunna uppfylla kraven.
Background: A problem that exists in The Last Mile Delivery is customer’s high demands on fast and efficient deliveries which has led to the reason that last mile has increased significantly in recent years. The introduction of energy efficiency and emission- free vehicles as electric cargo bikes can reduce the negative externalities in traffic. Another logistics solution that is flexible and helps to preserve the environment is parcel lockers. The use of parcel lockers means that transport, deliveries, and collection of parcels are fast and efficient. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze logistics solutions within the delivery process and these solutions are bike delivery and parcel lockers. Method: This paper is based on a qualitative research method and an abductive approach. Four different interviews were carried out with two different transport companies in Malmo, which led to the results being used for the empirical research and analysis. The focus for this study is to build upon the theoretical work of scientific research articles. Result: The analysis indicates that the last mile leads to high cost for transport companies and contributes to pollution and congestion. This has led to new efficient transport system with purpose to efficient logistics solution that brings higher productivity and improved sustainability in the city. The result shows that delivery process efficiency has different aspect that increases the company’s attractiveness and creates loyal customers. These aspects are delivery security, short delivery time and reliability. This study concludes that bike deliveries and parcel lockers can contribute to effective last mile deliveries. The conclusion also shows that the relationship between the company and customer plays a big part if the communication is not good that customer would not buy more goods.

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Sörbom, Josefine, and Adelaide Bjurlemark. "Digitala och tekniska lösningar inom sista mil-leveranser : En studie om hur leveransföretag kan bemöta konsumenters krav på sista mil-leveranser." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-44607.

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E-commerce is in a growing phase where consumers are getting more aware, picky and comfortable when it comes to delivery of their packages. This case study investigates the requirements that consumers have regarding last-mile deliveries as well as various digital logistic solutions that may meet these requirements. In the study, relevant people in three different companies working with delivery, have been selected to get a deeper insight into how companies view consumers' new requirements and how they work to meet these and how they reflect about the future when it comes to last-mile deliveries. Consumers now expect a faster and more flexible service where they can design the last-mile delivery according to their premises, e.g. time, location, etc. The demands emerging associated with the expansion of e-commerce include faster, cheaper and more flexible deliveries. Transparency in environmental issues and work processes has also become an important factor for many consumers today, which may be decisive for purchasing power. Collaboration with other actors enables e-commerce companies to streamline their delivery alternatives in the form of outsourcing. This approach can be done through collaboration with other logistics players or in the form of crowdsourcing. The term E-logistics implies a system that contains various parts of a logistic process in which the exchange takes place with both the help of technology and the internet. In combination with a functioning digital infrastructure and e-logistics, delivery processes can become more effective. New technologies such as parcel locks, drones and delivery robots are being analyzed as potential solutions to streamline last-mile deliveries.
E-handeln befinner sig i en växande fas där konsumenterna är allt mer medvetna, kräsna ochbekväma. Denna fallstudie undersöker de krav som konsumenter har kring sista-milen leveransersamt olika digitala logistiklösningar som kan komma att möta dessa krav. I studien har ävenrelevanta personer, i tre olika organisationer som arbetar med leverans, valts ut för att få en djupareinblick på hur företag ser på konsumenters nya krav. Studien undersöker hur de arbetar för attmöta dessa samt hur det ser på framtiden när det kommer till sista mil-leveranser. Konsumenternaförväntar sig nu mer flexibla och snabba leveranser där de själva får utforma sista mil-leveranserefter deras premisser. Kraven som växt fram i takt med den växande e-handeln är bland annatsnabbare, billigare och mer flexibla leveranser. Transparens inom miljöfrågor och arbetsprocesserhar även blivit en viktig faktor för många konsumenterna idag som kan komma att bli avgörandeför konsumentens köpvillighet. Samarbete med andra aktörer möjliggör för e-handelsföretag atteffektivisera sina leveransalternativ i form av outsourcing. Tillvägagångssättet kan ske genomsamarbete med andra logistikaktörer eller i form av privatpersoner, crowdsourcing. E-logistik ärdet system som innehåller olika delar i en logistikprocess där utbytet sker med hjälp av teknik ochinternet. I kombination av en fungerande digital infrastruktur och e-logistik så kanleveransprocesser effektiviseras. Ny teknik som paketlås, drönare och leveransrobot analyserassom potentiella leveransmedel för att effektivisera sista mil-leveranser.

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Clément, Antoine. "Proposition d'indicateurs de robustesse basés sur la prise en compte des risques afin d'évaluer les tournées de transport routier de marchandises." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0007.

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Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire visent à répondre à une problématique d’aide à la décision pour la sélection d’un planning de livraison dans le domaine du transport routier de marchandise et plus particulièrement pour la livraison du dernier kilomètre. Le rôle du planificateur est crucial pour assurer le respect des exigences du client et la pérennité de l'entreprise de transport. Plus que construire un planning faisable, le planificateur doit sélectionner, parmi plusieurs plannings possibles, celui qui assure la meilleure efficience des ressources de l'entreprise quelles que soient les situations à venir. En effet, la réalisation des tournées est fréquemment confrontée à une multitude de perturbations qu'elles soient endogènes ou exogènes. La problématique adressée dans ce mémoire est : «Comment aider un planificateur à sélectionner un planning dans un contexte risqué ?». Deux contributions principales sont présentées dans ce mémoire. Notre première contribution vise à proposer un mécanisme d’identification et d’évaluation automatiques des risques relatifs à un planning journalier de livraison. Ces mécanismes s'appuient sur la caractérisation de dangers génériques qui pourront être instanciés automatiquement sur une activité du planning de livraison en fonction de caractéristiques contextuelles de cette activité. Ainsi, lorsqu’une activité du planning est confrontée à un danger, un risque est généré sur cette activité pour matérialiser les déviations d'exécution (retard) engendrées par l'évènement perturbateur. Une méthodologie d'évaluation de l'impact des risques sur la réalisation des tournées et des scénarios de risques, basée sur les caractéristiques (probabilité, impacts) de chaque risque, est également présentée. Notre deuxième contribution consiste en la proposition d'indicateurs spécifiques (le retard maximum d’une livraison, la probabilité de respecter les contraintes horaires du client et le minimum de satisfactions) pour mesurer la robustesse des plannings de livraison face aux perturbations et d'une méthodologie d'exploitation de ces indicateurs. Les indicateurs proposés permettent de mesurer la capacité du planning à respecter les exigences du client (quantité livrée, horaire de livraison). Une démarche d'exploitation de ces indicateurs dans la phase de sélection d'un planning comme dans l'aide à la négociation de flexibilité avec le client est proposée. Les travaux de ce mémoire s’inscrivent dans le cadre du projet ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) Smart Planning. Un cas d’étude provenant des entreprises partenaires du projet permet d’illustrer les contributions
The work presented in this thesis aims to answer a problem of decision support for the selection of a delivery schedule in the field of road freight transport and, particularly, for the last mile delivery. The role of the planner is crucial to ensure the respect of the customer's requirements and the success of the transport company. More than building a feasible planning, the planner must select, among several possible schedules, the one that ensures the best efficiency of the resources of the company whatever the situations to come. Indeed, tours are frequently confronted with a multitude of disturbances, whether endogenous or exogenous. The problem addressed in this thesis is: "How to help a planner to select a schedule in a risky context?". Two main contributions are presented in this thesis. Our first contribution aims to propose a mechanism for automatic identification and evaluation of the risks related to a daily delivery schedule. These mechanisms are based on the characterization of generic dangers that can be automatically instantiated on a delivery schedule activity based on contextual characteristics of this activity. Thus, when a planning activity is confronted with a danger, a risk is generated on this activity to materialize the execution deviations (delays) generated by the disruptive event. A methodology for evaluating the impact of risks on the execution of the tours and risk scenarios, based on the characteristics (probability, impacts) of each risk, is also presented. Our second contribution consists of the proposal of specific indicators (the maximum delay of a delivery, the probability of respecting constraints of hour for the customer and the minimum of satisfactions) to measure the robustness of the delivery schedules in the face of the disturbances and a methodology for exploiting these indicators. The proposed indicators measure of the capacity of the schedule to meet the customer's requirements (quantity delivered, delivery schedule). An approach to exploit these indicators in the phase of selecting a schedule as in the aid to the negotiation of flexibility with the client is proposed. The work of this thesis is part of the ANR (National Research Agency) Smart Planning project. A case study from the project partner companies illustrates the contributions

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Ban, Sam. "Assessing the potential of the physical Internet for city logistics activities in developing countries." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EMAC0004.

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Le travail de recherche vise à relever les défis de la logistique urbaine auxquels sont confrontés les pays en développement, notamment en Asie du Sud-Est. Le chapitre 1 propose une étude des caractéristiques essentielles de ces pays, telles que les défis en matière de revenus, de société et de développement du territoire, et de la manière dont ces défis conduisent aux problèmes de logistique urbaine, notamment via les embouteillages, les routes non sécurisées, les infrastructures de mauvaise qualité, les véhicules chers et peu fiables, le taux de croissance démographique élevé et l'urbanisation. Les difficultés à gérer durablement leurs activités de logistique urbaine et à soutenir leur économie sont ainsi soulignées. Le chapitre 2 donne un aperçu des travaux de recherche sur l'Internet physique (IP) et de la manière dont ils peuvent être envisagés dans le contexte des pays en développement. Les questions de recherche sont formulées sur la base de cette connaissance, à savoir comment les principes de l'IP peuvent être mis en œuvre dans le contexte de la logistique urbaine dans les pays en développement, comment l'application des concepts de l'IP peut être évaluée en termes d'impact sur les performances, et quels sont les avantages que l'on peut attendre de la mise en œuvre de l'IP dans le cas de la logistique urbaine dans les pays en développement. Pour résoudre ces questions, la thèse propose une méthodologie de recherche comprenant quatre phases principales et neuf étapes. Le chapitre 3 élabore une contribution conceptuelle en évaluant l'accessibilité et les niveaux d'intérêt de chaque concept d'IP et conclut que les concepts prioritaires pour résoudre l'énoncé du problème devraient être le partage d'informations et les systèmes normalisés, les activités collaboratives et les interconnexions entre les parties prenantes. Sur cette base, un ensemble de scénarios a été conçu pour mettre en pratique l'IP afin de mieux livrer les marchandises dans le contexte de la logistique urbaine des pays en développement. Ces scénarios ont été organisés notamment à travers la mise en œuvre de PI-hubs, de systèmes de transport à la demande, et du partage des actifs. Le chapitre 4 développe les contributions techniques et expérimentales du travail de recherche en établissant un modèle de simulation hybride dédié basé sur la modélisation à base d'agents et la simulation à événements discrets. Il comprend la définition d'indicateurs de performance spécifiques capables de mesurer les impacts potentiels des scénarios conçus au chapitre 3 par rapport au scénario de base. La contribution expérimentale est développée sur la base d'un cas industriel réel lié aux activités logistiques du commerce électronique dans la ville de Phnom Penh (Cambodge). Les résultats numériques montrent les avantages évidents de l'utilisation des PI-hubs et des systèmes de transport à la demande, qui permettent des économies très substantielles allant jusqu'à 55% pour la qualité de service, 61% pour les empreintes carbone et 75% pour les coûts logistiques. Cependant, l'étude présente certaines limites, qui sont également discutées. Globalement, le travail de recherche conclut que l'utilisation de certains concepts d'IP pourrait améliorer considérablement les performances des activités de logistique urbaine dans les pays en développement, sans investissement particulièrement important. L'étude propose plusieurs perspectives de recherche futures, notamment l'utilisation de l'IP dans différents contextes et le développement d'outils d'aide à la décision opérationnels pour la mise en œuvre de l'IP dans la logistique urbaine de ces pays
The research study aims to address the city logistics challenges faced by developing countries, notably in Southeast Asia. Chapter 1 provides a detailed understanding of the critical characteristics of developing countries, such as revenue, business, social, and land development challenges, and how these challenges lead to city logistics problems. These challenges include traffic congestion, unsafe roads, poor-quality infrastructures, expensive and unreliable vehicles, high population growth rate, and urbanization. Hence, they have difficulty managing their city logistics activities sustainably and supporting their economy. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the Physical Internet (PI) research works and how it can be considered in the context of developing countries. The research questions are formulated based on this extensive material, which are how the principles of PI can be implemented in the context of city logistics in developing countries, how the application of PI concepts can be assessed in terms of its impact on performance, and what are the benefits that can be expected from the implementation of PI on the case of city logistics in developing countries. To solve these questions, the research proposes a design science research methodology consisting of four main phases and nine steps. Chapter 3 developed a conceptual contribution by assessing the accessibility and stake levels of each PI concept and concluded that the priority ones for solving the problem statement should be information sharing and standardized systems, collaborative multifaceted activities, and open system stakeholder interconnections. A set of scenarios were designed to put PI into practice for better delivering goods in the context of city logistics in developing countries. These scenarios were organized through the implementation of PI-hubs, on-demand and as-a-service transportation systems, and sharing of assets. Chapter 4 developed the technical and experimental contributions of the research work by setting a dedicated hybrid simulation model based on agent-based modeling and discrete event simulation. It includes the definition of specific performance indicators able to measure the potential impacts of the scenarios design in Chapter 3 regarding the baseline scenario. The experimental contribution is developed based on a real industrial case related to e-commerce logistics activities in Phnom Penh city (Cambodia). The numerical results show the clear benefit of using PI-hubs and especially on-demand and as-a-service transportation systems, which allows very substantial savings up to 55% for lead times, 61% for carbon footprints, and 75% for logistics costs. However, the study has some limitations, which are also discussed. Overall, the study concludes that the use of certain PI concepts could drastically improve the performance of urban logistics activities in developing countries without any particularly large investment. The research proposes several future research perspectives, including the use of PI in different contexts and the development of a decision-making tools for PI implementation in urban logistics

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Yu, Shaohua. "Optimization models and methods for tour planning in smart urban logistics." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST045.

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La distribution urbaine désigne les activités de distribution de marchandises desservant les zones urbaines et les banlieues. Les progrès technologiques récents dans le domaine de la distribution sans personnel, ainsi que les nouvelles réglementations limitant l’utilisation des véhicules à moteur à combustion, vont modifier de manière significative la distribution urbaine de marchandises. En outre, le nouveau modèle commercial du commerce électronique apporte également de nouvelles opportunités et de nouveaux défis à la distribution urbaine de marchandises. Cette thèse se concentre sur un nouveau système de distribution visant à fournir de meilleurs services pour la distribution logistique urbaine. Nous allons tout d’abord étudier un système de livraison urbaine robotisé basé sur un fourgon qui peut transporter plusieurs robots, ce qui rend le système de distribution plus flexible et efficace. Ensuite, nous proposons d’intégrer la technologie de recharge en route et de recharge inverse dans le système de livraison urbaine robotisée par camionnette dans les opérations logistiques, afin d’économiser le temps pendant lequel les camionnettes électriques transportent les robots pour les recharger, ce qui augmente l’efficacité des systèmes de distribution. Enfin, nous incorporons les ramassages hybrides et les opérations de livraison dans le système de distribution urbaine robotisée basés sur des fourgons pour nous adapter au nouveau modèle commercial des entreprises de commerce électronique
Urban distribution refers to the distribution activities of goods serving urban areas and suburbs. Recent technological advances in unmanned distribution field, as well as new regulations limiting the use of combustion engine vehicles, will significantly change urban goods distribution. Besides, the new ecommerce business model also brings new opportunities and challenges to urban goods distribution. This thesis focuses on a novel distribution system to provide better services for urban logistics distribution. We first study a van-based robot urban delivery system and allow a van can carry multiple robot to make the distribution system more flexible. Then we incorporate en-route charging, and reverse charging technology into the van-based robot urban delivery system in logistics operations, to effectively use the time during which electric vans are carrying robots to recharge the robots, thereby increasing distribution systems’ efficiency. Finally, we incorporate hybrid pickup and delivery operations into the van-based robot urban distribution system to adapt to the new business model of e-commerce enterprises

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Yuan, Yuan. "Modèles et Algorithmes pour les Problèmes de Livraison du Dernier Kilomètre avec Plusieurs Options d'Expédition." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0011.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les problèmes de tournées de véhicules dans le contexte de la livraison du dernier kilomètre lorsque plusieurs options de livraisons sont proposées aux clients. Le mode de livraison le plus commun est la livraison à domicile ou au travail. La livraison peut également être effectuée dans des points de collecte tels que des consignes ou des magasins. Ces dernières années, un nouveau concept appelé livraison dans le coffre / dans la voiture a été proposé. Avec ce mode de livraison, les colis des clients peuvent être livrés directement dans les coffres des voitures. Notre objectif est de modéliser et de développer des approches de résolution efficaces pour les problèmes de routage dans ce contexte, dans lequel chaque client peut disposer de plusieurs lieux potentiels de livraison. Premièrement, nous proposons un état de l'art sur les problèmes de routage non-Hamiltoniens. Ensuite, nous étudions le cas avec un seul véhicule, qui est modélisé comme un problème du voyageur de commerce généralisé avec fenêtres de temps (GTSPTW). Quatre formulations en programme linéaire à variables mixtes et un algorithme efficace de branch-and-cut sont proposés. Ensuite, nous étudions le cas multi-véhicules, dénommé problème de tournées de véhicules généralisé avec fenêtres de temps (GVRPTW). Une heuristique efficace basée sur la génération de colonnes est proposée pour le résoudre
In this thesis, we study routing problems that arise in the context of last mile delivery when multiple delivery options are proposed to the customers. The most common option to deliver packages is home/workplace delivery. Besides, the delivery can be made to pick-up points such as dedicated lockers or stores. In recent years, a new concept called trunk/in-car delivery has been proposed. Here, customers' packages can be delivered to the trunks of cars. Our goal is to model and develop efficient solution approaches for routing problems in this context, in which each customer can have multiple shipping locations. First, we survey non-Hamiltonian routing problems. Then, we study the single-vehicle case in the considered context, which is modeled as a Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows (GTSPTW). Four mixed integer linear programming formulations and an efficient branch-and-cut algorithm are proposed. Finally, we study the multi-vehicle case which is denoted Generalized Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (GVRPTW). An efficient column generation based heuristic is proposed to solve it

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ARDIANSYAH, MUHAMMAD NASHIR, and 戴汐雅. "Last-mile Delivery with Crowdsources Integration Considering the Crowdsources Uncertainty." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8p99e7.

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博士
國立交通大學
運輸與物流管理學系
108
Crowdsource delivery is reported to contribute a significant role for last-mile delivery (LMD). Lower operational cost and capital investment, as well as delivery flexibility, are the main advantages of crowdsource delivery when compared to the conventional LMD. Positive results of integrating crowdsource delivery into the LMD have been reported in terms of delivery cost, service level, and environmental impact. This study investigates the delivery plan of LMD in a collaboration with the crowdsources as one of the delivery options. The crowdsources provide delivery assistance from transfer points to the customer locations. This collaboration requires parcel relay between main delivery trucks and crowdsources at transfer points. In the real situation, this parcel relay activity might be subjected to several kinds of uncertainties (e.g. congestion, weather condition, etc.) that can create disturbance to the process. In this study, the decision problem is tackled from two aspects, the deterministic and stochastic points of view. In the deterministic point of view, the benefits of crowdsources delivery collaboration are investigated given the perfect situation (with no uncertainty) by formulating a problem as a mixed integer linear program (MILP). Upon the uncertainty considered in the stochastic point of view, this study models the parcel transfer or relay event as an uncertain event, which involves the success or failure of the crowdsources’ show-up. A two-stage stochastic MILP model is formulated to as the optimization model considering the associated uncertainty. The heuristics algorithms based on Tabu Search (TS) are designed to handle the large-scale problems for both the deterministic and stochastic versions of the mathematical programming models. In summary, the crowdsource delivery collaboration improves the LMD plan by properly outsourcing some delivery orders to reduce the overall delivery costs. The balance between the delivery fleet utilization and the usage of crowdsourcing service must be carefully achieved to provide the maximum benefit of crowdsources delivery collaboration. These benefits can still be preserved even after the consideration of uncertainty. Based on the numerical experiment, the heuristics algorithm is able to provide the high quality solution with fast computation time.

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(5929928), Tho Van Le. "Demand and Supply Modeling of Crowd-shipping Markets." Thesis, 2019.

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The rise of technologies and the Internet have provided opportunities to connect logistics demand and supply using the crowd. In this system, named crowd-shipping (CS), a requester doing the shipping selects a courier via a platform. In reality, the idea of CS has been explored by many firms over the last several years. However, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of the issues related to: (1) the markets that are likely to be influenced by CS; (2) the considerations that govern the success of this system; and the (3) the impacts of CS and its design.

To address these issues, there is a need of understanding CS system's stakeholders, such as requesters' (i.e. senders') and potential couriers' (i.e. driver-partners') behaviors as well as operations and management of CS firms. This research will address these gaps by conducting a survey to understand driver-partners' behaviors and requesters' behaviors given the CS services availability in the logistics market. Then, pricing and compensation strategies are designed and modeled based on behavior rules of supply and demand generations as well as various CS market penetrations. As such, this research addresses the CS industry in a triad of supply, demand, and operations and management.

This research uses advanced econometrics, statistics analysis, mixed integer optimization, and data science techniques to analyze data and generate insights. The contributions of this research are to identify the contributing factors that impact the emerging logistics service. This research also reveals factors that influence the current and future shipping behaviors of requesters, as well as influencing factors of the individuals' willingness to work as driver-partners. The integrated matching and routing models have been developed to examine different pricing and compensation strategies under several market penetration scenarios. `Individual' price and compensation have found to provide the highest profit for CS platform providers.

This research provides meaningful knowledge for stakeholders, especially for the CS firms to develop business strategies. Several remarkable benefits that CS firms can obtain include: focusing on some specific population groups to recruit driver-partners (e.g. people with children, middle-aged people having lower incomes, or no car ownership); addressing certain market segments to promote CS services (e.g. tight-window delivery packages, peripheral products, or personal health and medicine items); implementing `individual' or `flatted' pricing and compensation strategies depending on the time of the day, the day of the week, or the market penetration; and improving platform features to incorporate requesters' and driver-partners' expectations.

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Chen, Sheng-Yin, and 陳聖尹. "Route planning for the Last-mile Delivery." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8m56gg.

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Silva, Cristiano Flores e. "Last-mile delivery in favelas: an explanatory study with Brazilian Companies." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/27423.

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In urban logistics, the last-mile delivery from warehouse to the consumer's home has become more and more challenging with the continuous growth of urbanization, particularly in developing countries when addressing the logistical difficulties of distributing products in low-income population. This work presents an approach how companies distribute products within brazilian Favelas. Delivering products in these scenarios are not an easy task, high concentration of households without formal urbanization imposes hurdles to find and access to specific location added to the high number of cargo stolen, leads to lot of obstacles in this last mile operations. The company’s strategies are found by matching product type with Favela type in quadrants in the Conditions Decision Matrix. The results showed an emergent proposed model from data based on theory that helps to understand the last-mile delivery in Favelas having the risk as the moderator factor of logistics performance. The paper highlights that companies do not change information, practices neither synergies between their distribution models as well as do not relate to communities in, for example, social actions, in the vast majority of cases. It concludes by mapping the practical strategies applicable for the companies in the last-mile

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Barbosa, Miguel Moreira da Silva Lima. "A data-driven compensation scheme for last-mile delivery with crowdsourcing." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/124212.

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