Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crowd mitigation

Academic literature on the topic 'Crowd mitigation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crowd mitigation"

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Galal, Shaimaa, Noha Nagy, and Mohamed E. El-Sharkawi. "CNMF: A Community-Based Fake News Mitigation Framework." Information 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12090376.

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Fake news propagation in online social networks (OSN) is one of the critical societal threats nowadays directing attention to fake news mitigation and intervention techniques. One of the typical mitigation techniques focus on initiating news mitigation campaigns targeting a specific set of users when the infected set of users is known or targeting the entire network when the infected set of users is unknown. The contemporary mitigation techniques assume the campaign users’ acceptance to share a mitigation news (MN); however, in reality, user behavior is different. This paper focuses on devising a generic mitigation framework, where the social crowd can be employed to combat the influence of fake news in OSNs when the infected set of users is undefined. The framework is composed of three major phases: facts discovery, facts searching and, community recommendation. Mitigation news circulation is accomplished by recruiting a set of social crowd users (news propagators) who are likely to accept posting the mitigation news article. We propose a set of features that identify prospect OSN audiences and news propagators. Moreover, we inspect the variant properties of the news circulation process, such as incentivizing news propagators, determining the required number of news propagators, and the adaptivity of the MN circulation process. The paper pinpoints the significance of facts searching and news propagator’s behavior features introduced in the experimental results.
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Ramesh, Maneesha Vinodini, Anjitha Shanmughan, and Rekha Prabha. "Context aware ad hoc network for mitigation of crowd disasters." Ad Hoc Networks 18 (July 2014): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2013.02.006.

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Chen, Xuan, and John Heidemann. "Flash crowd mitigation via adaptive admission control based on application-level observations." ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 5, no. 3 (August 2005): 532–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1084772.1084776.

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King, David, Siva Srikukenthiran, and Amer Shalaby. "Using Simulation to Analyze Crowd Congestion and Mitigation at Canadian Subway Interchanges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2417, no. 1 (January 2014): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2417-04.

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Lyu, Lingyu, Mehmed Kantardzic, and Tegjyot Singh Sethi. "Sloppiness mitigation in crowdsourcing: detecting and correcting bias for crowd scoring tasks." International Journal of Data Science and Analytics 7, no. 3 (June 29, 2018): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41060-018-0139-5.

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Venuti, Fiammetta, and Anna Reggio. "Mitigation of human-induced vertical vibrations of footbridges through crowd flow control." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 25, no. 12 (October 8, 2018): e2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stc.2266.

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TADA, Harumasa, Masayuki MURATA, and Masaki AIDA. "Mitigation of Flash Crowd in Web Services By Providing Feedback Information to Users." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E104.D, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2020mpp0003.

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Huang, Dan, Min Zhang, Yi Zheng, Changjia Chen, and Yan Huang. "Pre-allocation based flash crowd mitigation algorithm for large-scale content delivery system." Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12083-014-0272-4.

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Zhu, Qiankun, Wenbin Yang, Yongfeng Du, and Stana Živanović. "Investigation of a vibration mitigation method based on crowd flow control on a footbridge." Structures 33 (October 2021): 1495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.05.034.

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Andyono, Gebyar, Djoko Marsono, Ronggo Sadono, and M. Ali Imron. "THE ANALYSIS ON THE STAKEHOLDERS OF CONFLICT MITIGATION IN THE WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG." KINERJA 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v22i1.1567.

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Stakeholders with different interests and influences (power) are related to the human-wild elephant conflict mitigation in the Way Kambas National Park in Lampung. Stakeholders need to manage properly to achieve conflict mitigation objectives optimally. This research was conducted in Way Kambas National Park in Lampung. Data were collected with observations, interviews, and related document studies without involving active participations of related stakeholders and data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative analysis. This research was conducted from September to December 2016. The identification results showed that there were 11 stakeholders dealing with the human-wild elephant conflict mitigation in Way Kambas National Park. The identified stakeholders were divided into three classifications: (1) subject stakeholders coming from farmer groups and people from buffering villages, (2) key player stakeholders consisting of Way Kambas National Park Institution, regional government (village, district and provincial governments), local partners/non-government organizations (Sumatra Forest Conservation and Wildlife Conservation Society-Indonesia Program), Forum Rembug Desa Penyangga/village discussion forums, and Lampung University, and (3) the context setter stakeholder from a private company (PT. Nusantara Tropical Fruit). This research did not find stakeholder from crowd classification. The relationships between stakeholders showed complementary cooperation. The implication of human-wild elephant conflict mitigation management in Way Kambas National Park is that the stakeholder management to build cooperation and collaboration in the form of communication forums to achieve the objectives of human-wild elephant conflict mitigation in Way Kambas National Park is required.Keywords: stakeholder, power-interest matrix, actor-linkage matrix, Way Kambas National Park
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crowd mitigation"

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Zhang, Yueqian. "Resource Clogging Attacks in Mobile Crowd-Sensing: AI-based Modeling, Detection and Mitigation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40082.

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Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) has emerged as a ubiquitous solution for data collection from embedded sensors of the smart devices to improve the sensing capacity and reduce the sensing costs in large regions. Due to the ubiquitous nature of MCS, smart devices require cyber protection against adversaries that are becoming smarter with the objective of clogging the resources and spreading misinformation in such a non-dedicated sensing environment. In an MCS setting, one of the various adversary types has the primary goal of keeping participant devices occupied by submitting fake/illegitimate sensing tasks so as to clog the participant resources such as the battery, sensing, storage, and computing. With this in mind, this thesis proposes a systematical study of fake task injection in MCS, including modeling, detection, and mitigation of such resource clogging attacks. We introduce modeling of fake task attacks in MCS intending to clog the server and drain battery energy from mobile devices. We creatively grant mobility to the tasks for more extensive coverage of potential participants and propose two take movement patterns, namely Zone-free Movement (ZFM) model and Zone-limited Movement (ZLM) model. Based on the attack model and task movement patterns, we design task features and create structured simulation settings that can be modified to adapt different research scenarios and research purposes. Since the development of a secure sensing campaign highly depends on the existence of a realistic adversarial model. With this in mind, we apply the self-organizing feature map (SOFM) to maximize the number of impacted participants and recruits according to the user movement pattern of these cities. Our simulation results verify the magnified effect of SOFM-based fake task injection comparing with randomly selected attack regions in terms of more affected recruits and participants, and increased energy consumption in the recruited devices due to the illegitimate task submission. For the sake of a secure MCS platform, we introduce Machine Learning (ML) methods into the MCS server to detect and eliminate the fake tasks, making sure the tasks arrived at the user side are legitimate tasks. In our work, two machine learning algorithms, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting are adopted to train the system to predict the legitimacy of a task, and Gradient Boosting is proven to be a more promising algorithm. We have validated the feasibility of ML in differentiating the legitimacy of tasks in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score. By comparing the energy-consuming, effected recruits, and impacted candidates with and without ML, we convince the efficiency of applying ML to mitigate the effect of fake task injection.
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Höglund, Fredrik. "The Use of Resilience Strategies in Crowd Management at a Music Festival : and the safety organization’s role in avoiding crowd conflict." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100117.

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Each year people are injured and even die in crowd related accidents, often during planned events. Recent studies have emphasized the need for using a systems approach to study these events. In this study the systems approach of resilience theory is combined with the crowd psychology-models Extended Social Identity Model and the Aggravation and Mitigation Model to examine event safety at a music festival, a domain previously largely unexplored by these perspectives. By using an ethnographic approach as well as interviewing visitors the study set out to answer questions about when and how the safety organization adjusted itself under conditions relating to crowds. Another goal was to study the social identity of the visitors as well as the interaction between the safety organization and the visitors at the festival to explain the presence or absence of crowd conflict. Using thematic analysis several situations were identified where the safety organization adjusted itself, as well as the strategies that the organization used in these different circumstances. It was also concluded that the absence of crowd conflict could best be explained by three factors. First of all, no history of crowd conflict existed between the safety organization and the visitors, secondly, there were no groups present with the goal of creating conflict, and thirdly, the social processes taking place between the safety organization and the visitors were all mitigating in nature. The mitigating nature of the social processes was partly attributable to the strategies identified for adjusting to crowd conditions.
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Padival, Navnit Ajit 1966. "Mitigation of sewer crown corrosion via competitive inhibition of thiobacilli." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278007.

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Inhibition of biogenic acid production by thiobacilli was investigated by encouraging the growth of potential competitors. Two-organism competition experiments (Thiobacillus sp. vs. heterotrophic competitor) were conducted in a bench-scale, continuous-flow reactor. Results were sensitive to the influent ammonia/glucose ratio. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, the cell concentration of T. thiooxidans or T. neapolitanus and acid production rates were reduced by about two orders of magnitude. Under carbon-limiting conditions, only modest reductions in the thiobacilli cell density and effluent sulfate were observed. In general, encouragement of microbial competition can interrupt acid production by thiobacilli and may inhibit crown corrosion in concrete sewers.
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Deane, McKenna Daniel C. "Managing for Multiple Objectives in Southwestern Forests: Evaluating the Trade-offs between Enhancing Mexican Spotted Owl Nest Habitat and Mitigating Potential Crown Fire." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6878.

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The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA), the United States’ forest census, measured sixty-six Mexican spotted owl nest stands in order gain insight into the structure and composition of the nest habitat of this threatened species. I used these data, along with the greater FIA database and the Forest Vegetation Simulator to explore questions surrounding the management of Mexican spotted owl habitat, specifically how to balance the objective of sustaining and enhancing nest habitat in face of increasing forest fire size and severity in the Southwest. My research consisted of three studies. The first study quantified the structure and composition of the Mexican spotted owl nest stands and scrutinized current evaluation criteria of nest habitat. The second study estimated how much of the Southwestern landscape is at risk to high-severity crown fire and how much of the landscape is suitable Mexican spotted owl nest habitat. The third study modeled forest dynamics and silvicultural intervention in potential Mexican spotted owl nest stands. The purpose of this research is to assist in management of Southwestern forests in order to decrease fire size and severity while sustaining and enhancing current and future Mexican spotted owl nest habitat.
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Alrashed, Mohammed. "Control Theoretic Approaches to Computational Modeling and Risk Mitigation for Large Crowd Management." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/665965.

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We develop a computational framework for risk mitigation in high population density events. With increased global population, the frequency of high population density events is naturally increased. Therefore, risk-free crowd management plans are critical for efficient mobility, convenient daily life, resource management and most importantly mitigation of any inadvertent incidents and accidents such as stampedes. The status-quo for crowd management plans is the use of human experience/expert advice. However, most often such dependency on human experience is insufficient, flawed and results in inconvenience and tragic events. Motivated by these issues, we propose an agent-based mathematical model describing realistic human motion and simulating large dense crowds in a wide variety of events as a potential simulation testbed to trial crowd management plans. The developed model incorporates stylized mindset characteristics as an internal drive for physical behavior such as walking, running, and pushing. Furthermore, the model is combined with a visualisation of crowd movement. We develop analytic tools to quantify crowd dynamic features. The analytic tools will enable verification and validation to empirical evidence and surveillance video feed in both local and holistic representations of the crowd. This work addresses research problems in computational modeling of crowd dynamics, specifically: understanding and modeling the impact of a collective mindset on crowd dynamics versus mixtures of heterogeneous mindsets, the effect of social contagion of behaviors and decisions within the crowd, the competitive and aggressive pushing behaviors, and torso and steering dynamics.
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"The Sound of Silence: First Nations and British Columbia Emergency Management." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2015-08-2241.

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In this thesis I offer a brief overview of the current legislative, regulatory and treaty frameworks impacting emergency management in British Columbia, with a particular emphasis on Crown-identified First Nation roles. I show that the regime overwhelmingly positions non-First Nation governments, contractors and other organizations to manage emergencies on behalf of First Nations. I explore emergency management as a manifold process that includes protracted planning, mitigation and recovery phases, which, unlike emergency response, are carried out with lower levels of urgency. I consider Canadian Constitution Act, 1982 (s. 35) Aboriginal rights in light of the lack of statutorily prescribed inclusion of First Nations in off-reserve emergency management, particularly at the planning, mitigation and recovery phases concluding that the jurisprudence to date (including the duty to consult and Aboriginal title) does not appear to have revolutionized the regime. While the constitutional status of Aboriginal rights should operate to insure adequate First Nation direction in each stage of emergency management, the regime continues to restrictively prioritize other constitutional priorities, such as division of powers and civil liberties. To better understand the omission, I theorize the lack of Crown implementation of s. 35 Aboriginal rights generally as an ‘obligation gap’, highlighting how an analysis of s. 35 Aboriginal rights as ‘negative rights’ fails to compel implementation of the full scope of Crown obligations implicit within the jurisprudence to date. I then offer a new framework for s. 35 as justiciable ‘recognition rights’ and juxtapose ‘recognition rights’ with the idea of justiciability of government inaction through a brief comparative analysis of socioeconomic rights in South Africa’s constitution and Canada’s constitutional Aboriginal rights. With a decided emphasis on the obligations of the Crown, this thesis attempts to offer fodder to First Nations and legal practitioners seeking to challenge the emergency management landscape where First Nations seek an enhanced role in protecting and restoring their respective territories in anticipation of, and in the wake of, disaster. For convenience and clarity, contemporary geographical and jurisdictional references to the areas now known as Canada and British Columbia are used throughout the thesis without intention to detract from the integrity of First Nation claims to their traditional and ancestral territories.
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Books on the topic "Crowd mitigation"

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Hannibal, Martin, and Lisa Mountford. 21. Sentencing Procedure and the General Principles of Sentencing. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198765905.003.0021.

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This chapter explains the procedure on passing sentence and the general principles that govern a court’s decision when passing sentence. It discusses the role of the Crow Prosecution Service (CPS) on sentence; the procedure on sentencing; hierarchy of sentences; sentencing aims; the basis of sentencing under the Criminal Justice Act 2003; Sentencing Council for England and Wales; sentencing guidelines in the Crown Court; how the defence solicitor assesses the seriousness of an offence; Magistrates’ Court Sentencing Guidelines (MCSGs); personal offender mitigation; discount for timely guilty pleas; the Crown Court’s sentencing powers; victim impact statements; and taking other offences into consideration.
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Hannibal, Martin, and Lisa Mountford. 21. Sentencing Procedure and the General Principles of Sentencing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787679.003.0021.

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This chapter explains the procedure on passing sentence and the general principles that govern a court’s decision when passing sentence. It discusses the role of the Crow Prosecution Service (CPS) on sentence; the procedure on sentencing; hierarchy of sentences; sentencing aims; the basis of sentencing under the Criminal Justice Act 2003; Sentencing Council for England and Wales; sentencing guidelines in the Crown Court; how the defence solicitor assesses the seriousness of an offence; Magistrates’ Court Sentencing Guidelines (MCSGs); personal offender mitigation; discount for timely guilty pleas; the Crown Court’s sentencing powers; victim impact statements; and taking other offences into consideration.
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Hannibal, Martin, and Lisa Mountford. 21. Sentencing Procedure and the General Principles of Sentencing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823216.003.0021.

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This chapter explains the procedure on passing sentence and the general principles that govern a court’s decision when passing sentence. It discusses the role of the Crow Prosecution Service (CPS) on sentence; the procedure on sentencing; hierarchy of sentences; sentencing aims; the basis of sentencing under the Criminal Justice Act 2003; Sentencing Council for England and Wales; sentencing guidelines in the Crown Court; how the defence solicitor assesses the seriousness of an offence; Magistrates’ Court Sentencing Guidelines (MCSGs); the importance of the pre—sentence report, personal offender mitigation; discount for timely guilty pleas; the Crown Court’s sentencing powers; victim impact statements; and taking other offences into consideration.
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Hannibal, Martin, and Lisa Mountford. 11. Prosecuting an Either-Way Offence. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198765905.003.0011.

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Either-way offences include assault occasioning actual bodily harm, theft, and burglary. These offences can be committed with varying degrees of seriousness depending on the aggravating or mitigating features in the particular case. The more aggravating features, the more serious the offence will be regarded. This chapter examines the procedure for deciding where an either-way offence should be tried; the relative merits of summary trial and trial on indictment; and for those either-way offences that are to be tried in the Crown Court, the next stage of the proceedings.
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Hannibal, Martin, and Lisa Mountford. 11. Prosecuting an Either-Way Offence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787679.003.0011.

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Either-way offences include assault occasioning actual bodily harm, theft, and burglary. These offences can be committed with varying degrees of seriousness depending on the aggravating or mitigating features in the particular case. The more aggravating features, the more serious the offence will be regarded. This chapter examines the procedure for deciding where an either-way offence should be tried; the relative merits of summary trial and trial on indictment; and for those either-way offences that are to be tried in the Crown Court, the next stage of the proceedings.
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Hannibal, Martin, and Lisa Mountford. 11. Prosecuting an Either-Way Offence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823216.003.0011.

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Either-way offences include assault occasioning actual bodily harm, theft, and burglary. These offences can be committed with varying degrees of seriousness depending on the aggravating or mitigating features in the particular case. The more aggravating features, the more serious the offence will be regarded. This chapter examines the procedure for deciding where an either-way offence should be tried which includes the plea before venue and allocation procedure; the relative merits of summary trial and trial on indictment; and for those either-way offences that are to be tried in the Crown Court, the next stage of the proceedings.
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McSheffrey, Shannon. Seeking Sanctuary. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798149.001.0001.

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Seeking Sanctuary explores a curious aspect of premodern English law: the right of felons to shelter in a church or ecclesiastical precinct, remaining safe from arrest and trial in the king’s courts. This is the first book in more than a century to examine sanctuary in England in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Looking anew at this subject challenges the prevailing assumptions in the scholarship that this ‘medieval’ practice had become outmoded and little used by the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Although for decades after 1400 sanctuary-seeking was indeed fairly rare, the evidence in the legal records shows the numbers of felons seeking refuge in churches began to climb again in the late fifteenth century and reached its peak in the period between 1525 and 1535. Sanctuary was not so much a medieval dinosaur accidentally surviving into the early modern era, as it was an organism that had continued to evolve and adapt to new environments and indeed flourished in its adapted state. Sanctuary suited the early Tudor regime: it intersected with rapidly developing ideas about jurisdiction and provided a means of mitigating the harsh capital penalties of the English law of felony that was useful not only to felons but also to the crown and the political elite. Sanctuary’s resurgence after 1480 means we need to rethink how sanctuary worked, and to reconsider more broadly the intersections of culture, law, politics, and religion in the century and a half between 1400 and 1550.
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Book chapters on the topic "Crowd mitigation"

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Sadiq, Fatai Idowu, Ali Selamat, and Roliana Ibrahim. "Human Activity Recognition Prediction for Crowd Disaster Mitigation." In Intelligent Information and Database Systems, 200–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15702-3_20.

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Minh, Quang Tran, and Michel Toulouse. "Multihop Wireless Access Networks for Flood Mitigation Crowd-Sourcing Systems." In Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems XXXVI, 86–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56266-6_5.

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Moreau, Guillaume, Myriam Servières, Jean-Marie Normand, and Morgan Magnin. "Challenges of Image-Based Crowd-Sourcing for Situation Awareness in Disaster Management." In Improving Disaster Resilience and Mitigation - IT Means and Tools, 103–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9136-6_7.

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Shrestha, Samridha, Daohan Lu, Hanlin Tian, Qiming Cao, Julie Liu, John-Ross Rizzo, William H. Seiple, Maurizio Porfiri, and Yi Fang. "Active Crowd Analysis for Pandemic Risk Mitigation for Blind or Visually Impaired Persons." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020 Workshops, 422–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66823-5_25.

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Gitahi, Joseph, and Michael Hahn. "Evaluation of Crowd-Sourced PM2.5 Measurements from Low-Cost Sensors for Air Quality Mapping in Stuttgart City." In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 225–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_14.

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AbstractExposure to particulate matter (PM) pollution poses a major risk to the environment and human health. Monitoring PM pollution is thus crucial to understand particle distribution and mitigation. There has been rapid development of low-cost PM sensors and advancement in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) that has led to the deployment of the sensors by technology-aware people in cities. In this study, we evaluate the stability and accuracy of PM measurements from low-cost sensors crowd-sourced from a citizen science project in Stuttgart. Long-term measurements from the sensors show a strong correlation with measurements from reference stations with most of the selected sensors achieving Pearson correlation coefficients of r > 0.7. We investigate the stability of the sensors for reproducibility of measurements using five sensors installed at different height levels and horizontal distances. They exhibit minor variations with low correlation of variation (CV) values of between 10 and 14%. A CV of ≤10% is recommended for low-cost sensors. In a dense network, the sensors enable extraction pollution patterns and trends. We analyse PM measurements from 2 years using space-time pattern analysis and generate two clusters of sensors that have similar trends. The clustering shows the relationship between traffic and pollution with most sensors near major roads being in the same cluster.
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Souza, João Carlos, Anne Wetzstein Schumann, and Manuela Lalane Nappi. "The Importance of Architectural Design in Disaster Mitigation Involving Crowds." In Operations Management for Social Good, 87–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23816-2_9.

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Hylander, Ingrid, and Kjell Granström. "5 Police Use of Active and Passive Mitigation Strategies at Crowd Events." In Preventing Crowd Violence, 69–94. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781588269416-007.

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O’Toole, William, Dr Stephen Luke, Travis Semmens, Dr Jason Brown, and Andrew Tatrai. "Crowded Health." In Crowd Management. Goodfellow Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-911396-88-8-4302.

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Crowds carry real health risks. By definition, crowds bring large numbers of people in to close proximity and confined spaces. The risk of injury is real, due to accident, crush or malice and the medical risk of disease transmission and demographic-specific presentations must also be considered. Selecting health service providers is a key early decision. Consulting with local ambulance and health services to build relationships and to seek advice on local providers, legislative requirements and existing health system capacity is time well spent. It is critical that the provider(s) chosen have the skills, resources and experience to service the event and predictable escalation. Pre-hospital health service provision is a niche industry and is variably regulated. The accumulation of clinical, command and logistical experience takes many years and is a truly heuristic process. A tiered service delivery model, discussed further below, should be adopted with centralized call-taking and management of resources. Finalizing the size, scope and cost of this model can be a time-consuming and stressful process. This will be informed by the health risk assessment, with mitigation strategies according to ALARP principles, although high consequence outcomes (long tail risks) like cardiac arrest and major trauma will require additional resources.
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Venuti, F., and A. Reggio. "Comparison between structure- and crowd-based mitigation strategies on vibrating footbridges." In Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges, 728–35. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315189390-98.

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Westhoff, Dirk, and Maximilian Zeiser. "Measuring the World." In Multigenerational Online Behavior and Media Use, 474–92. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch025.

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The authors claim that location information of stationary ICT components can never be unclassified. They describe how swarm-mapping (crowd sourcing) is used by Apple and Google to worldwide harvest geo-location information on wireless access points and mobile telecommunication systems' base stations to build up gigantic databases with very exclusive access rights. After having highlighted the known technical facts, in the speculative part of this article, the authors argue how this may impact cyber deterrence strategies of states and alliances understanding the cyberspace as another domain of geostrategic relevance. The states and alliances spectrum of activities due to the potential existence of such databases may range from geopolitical negotiations by institutions understanding international affairs as their core business, mitigation approaches at a technical level, over means of cyber deterrence-by-retaliation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Crowd mitigation"

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Ojha, Tamoghna, Theofanis P. Raptis, Marco Conti, and Andrea Passarella. "Wireless Crowd Charging with Battery Aging Mitigation." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartcomp55677.2022.00034.

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Tada, Harumasa, Masayuki Murata, and Masaki Aida. "Web Service Flash Crowd Mitigation Using Feedback to Users." In 2017 IEEE 31st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aina.2017.121.

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Ramesh, Maneesha V., S. Anjitha, and P. Rekha. "A Novel Wireless Sensor Network Architecture for Crowd Disaster Mitigation." In 2012 8th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2012.6478356.

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Morgan, Jeffrey J., Otto C. Wilson, and Prahlad G. Menon. "The Wisdom of Crowds Approach to Influenza-Rate Forecasting." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86559.

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Influenza is an important public health concern. Influenza leads to the death or hospitalization of thousands of people around the globe every year. However, the flu-season varies every year viz. when it starts, when it peaks, and the severity of the outbreak. Knowing the trajectory of the epidemic outbreak is important for taking appropriate mitigation strategies. Starting with the 2013–2014 flu season, the Influenza Division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has held a “Predict the Influenza Season Challenge” to encourage the scientific community to make advances in the field of influenza forecasting. A key observation from these challenges is that a simple average of the submitted forecasts outperformed nearly all of the individual models. Further, ongoing efforts seek ways to assign weights to individual models to create high-performing ensemble models. Given the sheer number of models, as well as variation in methodology followed among teams contributing influenza-risk forecasts, multiple forecasting models can be combined, by capturing human judgment, to outperform a simple average of these same models. This project exploits such a “wisdom of crowds” approach, using public votes acquired with the help of an R/Shiny based web-application platform in order to assign weights to individual forecasting models on a week-over-week basis, in an effort to improve overall ILI risk prediction accuracy. We describe a strategy for improving the accuracy of influenza risk forecast modeling based on a crowd-sourced set of team-specific forecast votes and the results of the 2017–2018 season. Our approach to assigning weights based on crowd-sourced votes on individual models outperformed an average forecasts of the individual models. The crowd was statistically significantly more accurate than the average model and all but one of the individual models.
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Wenan Zhou and Dao-yi Wang. "A Dynamic-Resource-Allocation based flash crowd mitigation algorithm for Video-on-Demand network." In 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsit.2010.5564874.

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Wurster, Simone, Michael Klafft, and Frank Fuchs-Kittowski. "High impact — Low probability incidents at a coastal metropolis: Flood events and risk mitigation by crowd-tasking systems." In 2016 3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict-dm.2016.7857230.

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Sabeur, Zoheir, Alessandro Bruno, Liam Johnstone, Marouane Ferjani, Djamel Benaouda, Banafshe Arbab-zavar, Deniz Cetinkaya, and Muntadhar Sallal. "Cyber-Physical Behaviour Detection and Understanding using Artificial Intelligence." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002702.

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The advancement of cyber-physical behaviour detection and understanding in context of urban environment safety and security has been developed in the S4AllCities project (S4AllCities, 2020). Specifically, various concepts of fundamental artificial intelligence and reasoning have been successfully developed and will subsequently be tested in situ in S4AllCities pilot sites during the coming year 2022 (Sabeur et al, 2021). The detection of anomalies in TCP and UDP communication-based protocols taking place in context of urban spaces have been investigated. These were also complemented with the detection of unusualness in crowd physical behaviour in the same urban spaces. The aim is to combine both modes (cyber and physical) of detection and behaviour understanding, in order to advance our situation awareness in context of native knowledge and reasoning for efficiently maintaining safety and security across the urban space. Native knowledge concerns the evaluated risks and mitigation measures for response to potential cyber-physical attacks on the urban space. In this study, the deployed machine learning techniques achieved good performances for classifying cyber and physical behaviour under various scenarios of potential attacks. Our future work is to exercise the performance, evaluation and validation of our intelligent algorithms using in situ cyber and physical observation scenarios of the urban spaces of the three S4AllCities pilot sites in Europe.References:S4AllCities (2020). Safe and Secure Smart Spaces for all Cities H2020 project ID number 883522. https://www.s4allcities.eu/project. Sabeur Z., Angelopoulos C.M., Collick L., Chechina N., Cetinkaya D., Bruno A. (2021) Advanced Cyber and Physical Situation Awareness in Urban Smart Spaces. In: Ayaz H., Asgher U., Paletta L. (eds) Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering. AHFE 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 259. pp. 428-441. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80285-1_50
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Murakami, Keisuke, and Toshiro Yamaguchi. "MITIGATION OF TSUNAMI INUNDATION DISASTER BY RAISING A CROWN HEIGHT OF EXISTING SEAWALLS." In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812709554_0430.

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Raveendra Reddy, N. "Lateral Buckling Behaviour of Snake-Lay Pipeline With Vertical Support at Crown." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10106.

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Most hydrocarbon pipelines installed recently in the Middle East operate at relatively high pressures and temperatures: maximum inlet operating temperatures >90°C and pressures >135 barg. These pipelines are susceptible to Euler buckling from high axial compressive force induced in the pipeline by the temperature and pressure. Any uncontrolled lateral buckling is a potential hazard for a pipeline’s structural integrity, especially when all compressive force is released at one point and excessive feed-in occurs. Possible mitigation measures include lateral restraint by rock dumping or trenching, or midline spools. Another possibility is to induce the pipeline to buckle in a controlled manner, perhaps at several locations, rather than allowing it to suffer an uncontrolled, large buckle at one location only. This is known as buckle initiation. “Snake-lay” and “Vertical Imperfection” are two methods that have been implemented successfully to initiate controlled buckling. “Buoyancy” is another method, but is yet to be implemented. Snake-lay is a relatively reliable solution but, depending on pipe-soil interaction, sometimes requires a very short radius to initiate the buckle. Installing large diameter pipelines with short radii may invite other problems such as pipeline instability during laying, or may require additional counteracting measures to maintain the specified lay radius. The lay radius can be increased with additional sleepers at the crown of the snake-lay, with a well-defined low friction factor between the pipeline and the support. This paper discusses the behavior of snake-lay pipeline with and without vertical sleeper supports at the crown of the pipeline, and demonstrates what effects supporting the pipeline at the crown will have on the buckling mechanism and the pipeline integrity.
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Lewis, Wanda. "The Contribution of Aboriginal Traditional Ecological Knowledge to the Environmental Assessment Process for Canadian Pipelines." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90346.

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Northern British Columbia (BC) and Alberta are sparsely populated forested lands under provincial jurisdiction (also known as Crown land) which are under intensive oil & gas exploration and pipeline development. Local Aboriginal people continue to implement traditional practices that maintain viable land and productive ecosystems by annual rotation of trap lines, hunting and gathering areas and similar activities. Aboriginal people can exert tremendous influence on pipeline projects through various means. Regulators and enlightened pipeline companies recognize the value of assessing traditional knowledge that has been collected over generations and passed down from the Elders to contribute to final routing, siting and project design identifying effects on environmental resources and traditional land and resource use and developing mitigation opportunities. Traditional knowledge includes experiential and secondary knowledge as well as accepted scientific research in the context of environmental assessments. Robust applications consider sources from all land users while being mindful of the intricacies inherent with Aboriginal engagement in order to gather substantive input for projects on Crown land. This paper explores the contribution of Aboriginal Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in the environmental assessment process on selected case studies involving recent natural gas pipeline projects in northern BC and Alberta from a balanced perspective. It also describes the evolution of a program developed by the author from its initial emphasis on Traditional Land Use (TLU) studies to the present day application of TLU studies, and TEK studies, focusing on lessons learned and regulatory and engagement challenges and successes.
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