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Raoufi, Mohammad, and Aminah Robinson Fayek. "How to Improve Crew Motivation and Performance on Construction Sites." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 147, no. 9 (September 2021): 02521001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0002131.
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Raoufi, Mohammad, and Aminah Robinson Fayek. "Fuzzy Monte Carlo Agent-Based Simulation of Construction Crew Performance." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 146, no. 5 (May 2020): 04020041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001826.
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Raoufi, Mohammad, and Aminah Robinson Fayek. "Key Moderators of the Relationship between Construction Crew Motivation and Performance." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 144, no. 6 (June 2018): 04018047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001509.
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Raoufi, Mohammad, and Aminah Robinson Fayek. "Framework for Identification of Factors Affecting Construction Crew Motivation and Performance." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 144, no. 9 (September 2018): 04018080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001543.
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Zainal-Abidin, Rabiatul-Adawiah, Sarahani Harun, Vinothienii Vengatharajuloo, Amin-Asyraf Tamizi, and Nurul Hidayah Samsulrizal. "Gene Co-Expression Network Tools and Databases for Crop Improvement." Plants 11, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11131625.
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Transcriptomics has significantly grown as a functional genomics tool for understanding the expression of biological systems. The generated transcriptomics data can be utilised to produce a gene co-expression network that is one of the essential downstream omics data analyses. To date, several gene co-expression network databases that store correlation values, expression profiles, gene names and gene descriptions have been developed. Although these resources remain scattered across the Internet, such databases complement each other and support efficient growth in the functional genomics area. This review presents the features and the most recent gene co-expression network databases in crops and summarises the present status of the tools that are widely used for constructing the gene co-expression network. The highlights of gene co-expression network databases and the tools presented here will pave the way for a robust interpretation of biologically relevant information. With this effort, the researcher would be able to explore and utilise gene co-expression network databases for crops improvement.
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Cutler, Cecelia A. "The co-construction of whiteness in an MC battle." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.17.1.01cut.
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Within hip-hop, MC (Master of Cermonies) battles are one of the most visible and potentially humiliating venues for demonstrating one’s verbal skill. Competitors face each other in front of an audience. Each has a minute to “diss” his or her opponent against a backdrop of rhythms produced by a DJ. Each participant’s performance generally consists of “freestyle” or spontaneously generated rhymes designed to belittle some aspect of the opponent’s appearance, rhyming style or place of origin, and ritual insults directed at his or her mother, sister, or crew. Opponents show good will by embracing afterwards. Ultimately the audience decides who wins by applauding louder for one opponent than the other at the end of the battle. Using the framework of interactional sociolinguistics (Goffman 1974, 1981), I will analyze clips from a televised MC battle in which the winning contestant was a White teenager from the Midwest called “Eyedea.” I will show how Eyedea and his successive African American opponents, “R.K.” and “Shells”, participate in the co-construction of his Whiteness. Eyedea marks himself linguistically as White by overemphasizing his pronunciation of /r/ and by carefully avoiding Black ingroup forms of address like “nigga” (c.f. Smitherman 1994). R.K. and Shells construct Eyedea’s Whiteness largely in discursive ways – by pointing out his resemblance to White actors, and alluding to television shows with White cultural references. Socially constructed racial boundaries must be acknowledged in these types of performances because Whiteness (despite the visibility of White rappers like Eminem) is still marked against the backdrop of normative Blackness in hip-hop (Boyd 2002). In a counter-hegemonic reversal of Du Boisian double-consciousness hip-hop obliges White participants to see themselves through the eyes of Black people. Hip-hop effectively subverts dominant discourses of race and language requiring MC battle participants to acknowledge and ratify this covert hierarchy.
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Ganetz, Hillevi. "Jewel in the Crown." Nordicom Review 39, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2018-0015.
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Abstract This study explores the aims of the Nobel Banquet broadcast, produced by the Swedish public service company SVT and the Nobel Foundation. The study suggests that the programme can be viewed as a co-construction of science and media, and that the Nobel Foundation has three primary purposes: 1) to teach the audience about science; 2) to honour the laureates; and 3) to maintain and increase the status of the Nobel prize. SVT, for their part, has two main purposes: 1) to teach their audience about science, and 2) to entertain. The aims of the Nobel Foundation and SVT may seem disparate, but they are interrelated. At the same time, the subtleties between the entities create a tension that develops through mutual negotiations. The study ends with a discussion of two unexpected findings: 1) the shared, yet essentially differently-grounded aims of both parties to inform about science, and 2) the fact that their scientific content has increased in both absolute and relative terms over the years, a finding that questions notions of a continuous mediatisation of social institutions.
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Kumar, Ravinder, Pooja Dhansu, Neeraj Kulshreshtha, Mintu Ram Meena, Mahadevaswamy Huskur Kumaraswamy, Chinnaswamy Appunu, Manohar Lal Chhabra, and S. K. Pandey. "Identification of Salinity Tolerant Stable Sugarcane Cultivars Using AMMI, GGE and Some Other Stability Parameters Under Multi Environments of Salinity Stress." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021119.
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Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), as well as various AMMI-derived statistics, Genotype, and Genotype × Environment Interaction (GGE) models were employed on 24 sugarcane genotypes planted during two seasons (2017–18, 2018–19) under different induced salinity stress environments using saline water irrigation (iw) viz., E1 (Normal iw during crop season 2017–18), E2 (Normal iw during crop season 2018–19), E3 (4 dsm−1 ECiw during crop season 2017–18), E4 (4 dsm−1 ECiw during crop season 2018–19), E5 (8 dsm−1 ECiw during crop season 2017–18), E6 (8 dsm−1 ECiw during crop season 2018–19), E7 (12 dsm−1 ECiw during crop season 2017–18) and E8 (12 dsm−1 ECiw during crop season 2018–19) to assess the genotype by the environment interaction for the cane yield, commercial cane sugar (CCS) yield, number of millable cane (NMC), single cane weight (SCW), and pol % in juice. Individual and interactive effects of the genotype and environment for all the traits were significant. In the expression of total variability, the environmental contribution was higher for the cane yield (66.98%), CCS yield (67.60%), NMC (65.78%), and SCW (43.27%), whereas genotypic contribution was higher in the expression of pol% (82.48%). As per AMMI Stability Value (ASV), G14 (Co 13033), G23 (Co 15026), G7 (Co 05009), G17 (Co 13036), and G2 (Co 15025) were the most stable genotypes for the cane yield. Whereas as per GSI (genotype selection index), genotypes G24 (Co 15027), G21 (Co 15023), G23 (Co 15026), and G17 (Co 13036) were found most stable. The Sustainability Index (SI) of the cane yield (CY) and its contributing and CY-based computed traits were low for most of the genotypes, which indicates the negative impact of increased levels of irrigation-induced salinity in the expression of these traits. In the mean vs stability biplot analysis, G21 (Co 15023), G24 (Co 15027), G16 (Co 13036), G6 (Co 0238), and G20 (Co 14036) were found to be highly productive and stable genotypes for the cane yield. The superior and stable performance of early maturing notified varieties G21 (Co 15023) and G6 (Co 0238) for CY and CCS yield indicates that they will help the farmers to obtain sustainable income in saline soil conditions.
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Oshunsanya, Suarau Odutola, and Tolafe Olayinka Adeniran. "Water Quality and Crop Contamination in Peri-Urban Agriculture." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2014-0013.
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Abstract The quality of untreated water used by dry season vegetable growers determines the safety of the vegetables produced for human consumption. Traditionally, small scale vegetable farmers site their farms along banks of streams which gradually dry up during the dry season resulting in isolated pockets of ponds at different intervals along the path of the streams which are used by farmers to irrigate. A field experiment was initiated at Ibadan to ascertain the quality of irrigation water used to produce vegetables along Ona-stream during the dry season. Five isolated ponds and one locally dug well were sampled and analysed to ascertain the heavy metals status. Results of soil analysis from five farms (A - E) sited very close to the stream revealed high concentrations of heavy metals ranging from 0.96 to 2.34 mg kg-1 for Pb, 0.72 to 2.16 mg kg-1 for Cr and 0.30 to 0.92 mg kg-1 for Co while farmland F sited about 90m away from the stream was free of Pb, Cr and Co contaminants. Locally dug well F water was free of Cr, Co and Pb while isolated ponds had Cr, Co and Pb in the range of 0.01 to 0.23 mg kg-1 which is beyond safe consumption thresholds. There were strong correlations between heavy metals in water and vegetable for Cr (0.992**), Cd (0.599**), Ni (0.614*) and Pb (0.552**) indicating that the hygienic status of dry season vegetables is largely determined by the quality of irrigation water. In addition, all vegetables irrigated with untreated isolated ponds contained Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations above maximum permissible standard which could pose risk to human health. Therefore, farmers should be enlightened on the need to use hygienic water for irrigation. Construction of shallow wells on the farms instead of using contaminated stream water directly could be a better option for healthy and sustainable agriculture.
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Cao, Zhe, and Sabine Banniza. "Cross-Kingdom Gene Coexpression Analysis Using a Stemphylium botryosum–Lens ervoides System Revealed Plasticity of Intercommunication Between the Pathogen Secretome and the Host Immune Systems." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 34, no. 12 (December 2021): 1365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-21-0112-r.
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Necrotrophic pathogens are responsible for significant declines in crop yield and quality worldwide. During the infection process, a pathogen releases a series of secretory proteins to counteract the plant immune system, and this interaction of pathogen and host molecules determines whether the pathogen will successfully invade the host plant tissues. In this study, we adopted co-transcriptomic approaches to analyze the Lens ervoides–Stemphylium botryosum system, with a focus on 1,216 fungal genes coding for secretory proteins and 8,810 disease-responsive genes of the host 48, 96, and 144 h postinoculation, captured in two F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) displaying contrasting disease responses. By constructing in planta gene coexpression networks (GCNs) for S. botryosum, we found that the pathogen tended to co-upregulate genes regulating cell wall degradation enzymes, effectors, oxidoreductases, and peptidases to a much higher degree in the susceptible host LR-66-577 than in the resistant RIL LR-66-637, indicating that the promotion of these digestive enzymes and toxins increased S. botryosum virulence. Construction of cross-kingdom GCNs between pathogen and plant for the two RILs revealed that the co-upregulation of these fungal digestive enzymes and toxins simultaneously promoted a series of defense responses such as redox change, expression of membrane-related genes and serine/threonine kinase, and stress and disease responses in the susceptible RIL which was not observed in the resistant RIL, indicating that these activities exacerbated susceptibility to S. botryosum. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Watkins, Matt, Amlan Mukherjee, Nilufer Onder, and Kris Mattila. "Using Agent-Based Modeling to Study Construction Labor Productivity as an Emergent Property of Individual and Crew Interactions." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 135, no. 7 (July 2009): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000022.
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Shu, Kexin. "Strategic Management Analysis of Haidilao." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 17 (August 31, 2023): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v17i.11538.
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In recent years, with the economic and social development, the development momentum of the catering industry continues to be hot, and at the same time people's consumerism and other major changes are also taking place. And in 2020 China's catering industry by the impact of the new crown virus, the development of a serious obstacle, the competition is more intense. The development strategy of catering industry enterprises has become a problem that deserves attention. As a successful model in the catering industry, Haidilao Company enjoys a high reputation among the crowd, but it also faces some development difficulties. This paper takes Haidilao Co., Ltd. as the research object, firstly introduces Haidilao's company profile and current development strategy, and analyzes the enterprise's strategic management method using Porter's Five Forces model and SWOT analysis method. Finally, according to the analysis of the content of this paper puts forward to promote product innovation, strengthen the diversification of development, strengthen the quality management and strengthen the construction of corporate culture and talent training and other recommendations, hoping to provide a certain reference for the Haidilao or catering industry practitioners.
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Przybylski, Kazimierz. "Oxidation Properties of Metal/Ceramic Interconnectors for SOFC’s in Air, Ar-H2-H2O and Ar-CH4-H2O Atmospheres." Materials Science Forum 696 (September 2011): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.696.400.
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The present paper is a review on the oxidation kinetics, electrical properties, chromium vaporization rate and microstructure investigations of oxide products formed on an uncoated Crofer 22 APU alloy and 1.4762 steel and coated by means of pulsed laser deposition and screen-printing methods with films of (La,Sr)CoO3, (La,Ca)CrO3, (La,Sr)CrO3, (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3 and MnCo2O4 in air and Ar-H2-H2O and Ar-CH4-H2O gas mixtures at 1023-1173 K for up to 1200 hrs. Microstructure investigations using SEM-EDS showed the influence of the reaction products formed in different atmospheres at the steel/coating interface on the electrical properties and Cr vaporization rate of these composite materials, which are used for construction of SOFC interconnects.
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Priven, Vitaliy, and Rafael Sacks. "Impacts of the Social Subcontract and Last Planner System Interventions on the Trade-Crew Workflows of Multistory Residential Construction Projects." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 142, no. 7 (July 2016): 04016013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001102.
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Ahmadian Fard Fini, Alireza, Taha H. Rashidi, Ali Akbarnezhad, and S. Travis Waller. "Incorporating Multiskilling and Learning in the Optimization of Crew Composition." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 142, no. 5 (May 2016): 04015106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001085.
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Zwoliński, Andrzej. "E-Loneliness in a virtual crowd." Catholic Pedagogy 32, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.62266/pk.1898-3685.2023.32.01.
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Each contact and relationship with another person depends in many ways on factors which are sometimes independent of the people who create them. These include, for example, distance, cultural differences, or stereotypes held by them. By constructing a system of communication with others each person is a co-creator of new conditions. This is best seen on the example of the Internet, where a number of new components have appeared in the technological space of the meeting. An online meeting is characterized by its speed, nervousness and selectivity. In the era of the Internet, the mind that jumps from one source of data about the world to another, without stopping to reflect on important issues, wins. In the strict sense, communication – talking with one another, is a relationship between individuals. It is primarily perception, which implies conscious or unconscious transmission of messages aimed at informing an individual or a group of recipients. During this activity, the interaction between the sender and the recipient of the message takes place and is followed by a feedback. Interpersonal communication is understood in this sense as the process by which an individual transmits and receives information in direct contact with another person. It results from relationality as an attribute of a human person. In this sense, the Internet can significantly disrupt this process. Keywords: internet, loneliness, virtual meeting, person
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Xu, Quan, Mengting Jin, and Peng Guo. "A High-Precision Crop Classification Method Based on Time-Series UAV Images." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010097.
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Timely and accurate information on crop planting structures is crucial for ensuring national food security and formulating economic policies. This study presents a method for high-precision crop classification using time-series UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) images. Before constructing the time-series UAV images, Euclidian distance (ED) was utilized to calculate the separability of samples under various vegetation indices. Second, co-occurrence measures and the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) were employed to derive texture characteristics, and the spectral and texture features of the crops were successfully fused. Finally, random forest (RF) and other algorithms were utilized to classify crops, and the confusion matrix was applied to assess the accuracy. The experimental results indicate the following: (1) Time-series UAV remote sensing images considerably increased the accuracy of crop classification. Compared to a single-period image, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient increased by 26.65% and 0.3496, respectively. (2) The object-oriented classification method was better suited for the precise classification of crops. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient increased by 3.13% and 0.0419, respectively, as compared to the pixel-based classification results. (3) RF obtained the highest overall accuracy and kappa coefficient in both pixel-based and object-oriented crop classification. RF’s producer accuracy and user accuracy for cotton, spring wheat, cocozelle, and corn in the study area were both more than 92%. These results provide a reference for crop area statistics and agricultural precision management.
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Wisniewski, J. P., and N. J. Brewin. "Construction of Transgenic Pea Lines with Modified Expression of Diamine Oxidase and Modified Nodulation Responses with Exogenous Putrescine." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 9 (September 2000): 922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.9.922.
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Diamine oxidase (DAO) might influence pea nodule development either by regulating the peroxide-driven cross-linking of glycoproteins in the infection thread matrix or by modifying the metabolism of diamines and polyamines in host cells. Transformed lines of pea (Pisum sativum) with the coding sequence for DAO (PSAO-1) in sense orientation behind a tissue-specific promoter (pENOD12A) showed strong co-suppression of DAO activity in extracts from nodules and epicotyls, whereas the antisense constructs were relatively unaffected. No difference in nodule number was observed between transformed lines and controls, suggesting that DAO does not normally have an essential role in nodule initiation. However, lines showing co-suppression of DAO were less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of exogenous putrescine and less active in the cross-linking of matrix glycoprotein, indicating that putrescine-derived products of DAO activity could retard nodule development. Inoculation of co-suppressed lines with Rhizobium strain B661 (a lipopolysaccharide-defective mutant) resulted in more extreme impairment of nodule development and nitrogen fixation capacity, relative to lines with normal levels of DAO, which suggests that DAO may serve to reduce the endogenous level of inhibitory diamines or polyamines in nodules under physiological stress. We conclude that the most critical role of DAO in pea nodule development is apparently in the regulation of diamine levels in host tissues.
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YE, Zi-Piao, Shi-Hua DUAN, Ting AN, and Hua-Jing KANG. "Construction of CO2-response model of electron transport rate in C4 crop and its application." Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 42, no. 10 (2018): 1000–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0129.
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Chen, Xinyan, Zhaohui Jiang, Qile Tai, Chunshan Shen, Yuan Rao, and Wu Zhang. "Construction of a photosynthetic rate prediction model for greenhouse strawberries with distributed regulation of light environment." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 12 (2022): 12774–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022596.
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<abstract> <p>In winter and spring, for greenhouses with larger areas and stereoscopic cultivation, distributed light environment regulation based on photosynthetic rate prediction model can better ensure good crop growth. In this paper, strawberries at flowering-fruit stage were used as the test crop, and the LI-6800 portable photosynthesis system was used to control the leaf chamber environment and obtain sample data by nested photosynthetic rate combination experiments under temperature, light and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration conditions to study the photosynthetic rate prediction model construction method. For a small-sample, nonlinear real experimental data set validated by grey relational analysis, a photosynthetic rate prediction model was developed based on Support vector regression (SVR), and the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) was used to search the influence of the empirical values of parameters, such as the penalty parameter <italic>C</italic>, accuracy <italic>ε</italic> and kernel constant <italic>g</italic>, on the model prediction performance. The modeling and prediction results show that the PSO-SVR method outperforms the commonly used algorithms such as MLR, BP, SVR and RF in terms of prediction performance and generalization on a small sample data set. The research in this paper achieves accurate prediction of photosynthetic rate of strawberry and lays the foundation for subsequent distributed regulation of greenhouse strawberry light environment.</p> </abstract>
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Sultana, Most Humaira, Fangjie Liu, Md Alamin, Lingfeng Mao, Lei Jia, Hongyu Chen, Dongya Wu, et al. "Gene Modules Co-regulated with Biosynthetic Gene Clusters for Allelopathy between Rice and Barnyardgrass." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 7, 2019): 3846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163846.
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Allelopathy is a central process in crop–weed interactions and is mediated by the release of allelochemicals that result in adverse growth effects on one or the other plant in the interaction. The genomic mechanism for the biosynthesis of many critical allelochemicals is unknown but may involve the clustering of non-homologous biosynthetic genes involved in their formation and regulatory gene modules involved in controlling the coordinated expression within these gene clusters. In this study, we used the transcriptomes from mono- or co-cultured rice and barnyardgrass to investigate the nature of the gene clusters and their regulatory gene modules involved in the allelopathic interactions of these two plants. In addition to the already known biosynthetic gene clusters in barnyardgrass we identified three potential new clusters including one for quercetin biosynthesis and potentially involved in allelopathic interaction with rice. Based on the construction of gene networks, we identified one gene regulatory module containing hub transcription factors, significantly positively co-regulated with both the momilactone A and phytocassane clusters in rice. In barnyardgrass, gene modules and hub genes co-expressed with the gene clusters responsible for 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) biosynthesis were also identified. In addition, we found three genes in barnyardgrass encoding indole-3-glycerolphosphate synthase that regulate the expression of the DIMBOA cluster. Our findings offer new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of biosynthetic gene clusters involved in allelopathic interactions between rice and barnyardgrass, and have potential implications in controlling weeds for crop protection.
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Ma, Huiqin, Wenjiang Huang, Yuanshu Jing, Chenghai Yang, Liangxiu Han, Yingying Dong, Huichun Ye, et al. "Integrating Growth and Environmental Parameters to Discriminate Powdery Mildew and Aphid of Winter Wheat Using Bi-Temporal Landsat-8 Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070846.
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Monitoring and discriminating co-epidemic diseases and pests at regional scales are of practical importance in guiding differential treatment. A combination of vegetation and environmental parameters could improve the accuracy for discriminating crop diseases and pests. Different diseases and pests could cause similar stresses and symptoms during the same crop growth period, so combining growth period information can be useful for discerning different changes in crop diseases and pests. Additionally, problems associated with imbalanced data often have detrimental effects on the performance of image classification. In this study, we developed an approach for discriminating crop diseases and pests based on bi-temporal Landsat-8 satellite imagery integrating both crop growth and environmental parameters. As a case study, the approach was applied to data during a period of typical co-epidemic outbreak of winter wheat powdery mildew and aphids in the Shijiazhuang area of Hebei Province, China. Firstly, bi-temporal remotely sensed features characterizing growth indices and environmental factors were calculated based on two Landsat-8 images. The synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm was used to resample the imbalanced training data set before model construction. Then, a back propagation neural network (BPNN) based on a new training data set balanced by the SMOTE approach (SMOTE-BPNN) was developed to generate the regional wheat disease and pest distribution maps. The original training data set-based BPNN and support vector machine (SVM) methods were used for comparison and testing of the initial results. Our findings suggest that the proposed approach incorporating both growth and environmental parameters of different crop periods could distinguish wheat powdery mildew and aphids at the regional scale. The bi-temporal growth indices and environmental factors-based SMOTE-BPNN, BPNN, and SVM models all had an overall accuracy high than 80%. Meanwhile, the SMOTE-BPNN method had the highest G-means among the three methods. These results revealed that the combination of bi-temporal crop growth and environmental parameters is essential for improving the accuracy of the crop disease and pest discriminating models. The combination of SMOTE and BPNN could effectively improve the discrimination accuracy of the minor disease or pest.
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Liu, Jing, and Ming Lu. "Constraint Programming Approach to Optimizing Project Schedules under Material Logistics and Crew Availability Constraints." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 144, no. 7 (July 2018): 04018049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001507.
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Liu, Yuechan, Junyan Li, and Chao Sun. "Cellular Automaton Model for Pedestrian Evacuation Considering Impacts of Fire Products." Fire 6, no. 8 (August 17, 2023): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6080320.
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To accurately simulate realistic pedestrian evacuation from a fire, a cellular automaton model of the dynamic changes in pedestrian movement parameters is developed in conjunction with fire dynamics software. The fire dynamics software is used to simulate the spread of smoke within the scene to obtain visibility and CO concentration data within the scene. We imported the smoke data into the cellular automata and adjusted the pedestrian movement speed over time, resulting in simulation data that closely align with reality. The results show that for the single-room scenario, as pedestrian density increased from 0.1 to 0.5 persons per square meter (p/m2), the influence of the percentage of pedestrians familiar with their location on evacuation efficiency decreased from 44.93% to 24.52%. Conversely, in the multi-room scenario, it increased from 23.68% to 38.79%. The proportion of pedestrians less affected by smoke decreases and stabilizes as the CO yield increases. In the single-room scenario, when the CO yield is below 10%, the crowd with a low percentage of pedestrians familiar with the site is more affected by smoke than those with a high percentage. In the multi-room scenario, the victimization rate of the crowd follows an increasing-then-decreasing curve, ultimately stabilizing with changes in CO yield.
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Valentine, James W. "How were vendobiont bodies patterned?" Paleobiology 27, no. 3 (2001): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0425:hwvbp>2.0.co;2.
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It is difficult to assign the animal-like body fossils of the late Neoproterozoic to crown metazoan phyla. Many Neoproterozoic fossils appear to share an architectural theme, which was characterized by Seilacher (1984, 1989) as modular; he noted that the modules, named pneus, could be arranged in a series of distinctive geometries to produce many of the Neoproterozoic fossil morphologies. The assemblages of pneus formed “quilted” constructions. Seilacher further suggested that these fossils might represent a multicellular clade that evolved independently of Metazoa–in effect, that they represented a kingdom of their own, which he named the Vendozoa. In later contributions, Seilacher (1992) renamed putatively quilted forms as the Vendobionta, and Buss and Seilacher (1994) considered Vendobionta to be a possible sister to Eumetazoa. The affinities suggested for vendobionts by various workers form a long list, ranging from protistans through fungi to several animal groups. Many vendobionts appear to be at the tissue grade of construction, and in this respect resemble cnidarians, to which they are most often compared. Neoproterozoic fossil assemblages also contain numbers of forms that are unlikely to be vendobionts, including a variety of “medusoids,” tentaculate fossils such as Hiemolora and Ediacaria (see Fedonkin 1992) that somewhat resemble sea anemones and may well be stem anthozoans. Additionally, numbers of Neoproterozoic forms have been suggested to be bilaterians, most notably the sluglike Kimberella (Fedonkin and Waggoner 1997). The contents and morphological limits of Vendobionta, and of some other higher taxa proposed for Neoproterozoic forms, are uncertain.
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Nikolaidou, Charitini, Nikolaos Monokrousos, Pantelitsa D. Kapagianni, Michael Orfanoudakis, Triantafyllia Dermitzoglou, and Efimia M. Papatheodorou. "The Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis, Bacillus subtilis and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of Lactuca sativa." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112183.
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Inoculation with beneficial microbes represents a promising solution for sustainable agricultural production; however, knowledge on the effects of inoculants on the indigenous microbial communities remains limited. Here, we evaluated the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis on the growth of Lactuca sativa. The biomass, the composition, and the enzyme activity (urease, acid phosphatase, and β-glycosidase) of the rhizosphere microbial community at two soil moisture levels (5 and 10% soil water content) were evaluated. Fungal colonization was lower in co-inoculated plants than those only inoculated with R. irregularis. Plant growth was enhanced in co-inoculated and B. subtilis inoculated soils. Bacterial biomass and the composition of the microbial communities responded to the joint effect of inoculant type × water regime while the biomass of the other microbial groups (fungi, actinomycetes, microeukaryotes) was only affected by inoculant type. Co-inoculation enhanced the activity of acid phosphatase, indicating a synergistic effect of the two inoculants. Co-inoculation positively impacted the index reflecting plant–microbial soil functions under both water regimes. We concluded that the interactions between the two inocula as well as between them and the resident rhizosphere microbial community were mainly negative. However, the negative interactions between R. irregularis and B. subtilis were not reflected in plant biomass. The knowledge of the plant and rhizosphere microbial responses to single and co-inoculation and their dependency on abiotic conditions is valuable for the construction of synthetic microbial communities that could be used as efficient inocula.
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MacCarthy, Martin, Ashlee Morgan, and Claire Lambert. "Congregating as a social phenomenon; the social glue that binds." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-11-2021-0085.
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PurposeThis study aims to consolidate and hone existing spectating and crowd theory. This is achieved by marrying socio-cultural ideas and concepts from related disciplines.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual review examines what people do when they congregate at an event, and in doing so, answers the question of what they forgo when denied a crowd. Concepts are teased from the literature as to what happens during participatory congregation (in company, in situ), punctuated by relegation without it.FindingsRelated concepts are organised into a typology. The metamodel is the essence of the paper and includes four themes: (1) identity construction, (2) interacting with others, (3) producing and co-producing the event and (4) the allure of tribalism.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is conceptual and therefore a typology (not a taxonomy). This implies that while it is likely transferable, it is not generalisable. It is manual and subjective, as opposed to objective and automatic. Notwithstanding future research implications, it is intended to inform those considering running virtual events.Practical implicationsEvent organisers are informed as to the “what” and “why” of running community events. It encourages a more circumspect, humanistic view that events are not merely a source of revenue.Social implicationsThis review contributes a macro understanding of human nature, complementing a micro understanding of crowd behaviour.Originality/valueVirtual event management is a relatively new and burgeoning field. Prior to the Pandemic an event without a crowd was almost inconceivable.
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Enloe, Stephanie K., David Banda, Pressings Moyo, Laifolo Dakishoni, Rodgers Msachi, and Rachel Bezner Kerr. "Photovoice as a method for co-constructing agroecological knowledge in northern Malawi." Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 45, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 1083–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2021.1901831.
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Blomme, Guy, Elizabeth Kearsley, Sisay Buta, Alemayehu Chala, Ruhama Kebede, Temesgen Addis, and Zerihun Yemataw. "Enset Production System Diversity across the Southern Ethiopian Highlands." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 23, 2023): 7066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097066.
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Enset is a staple crop of the southern Ethiopian highlands. Small-holder farmers cultivate enset as part of mixed subsistence farming systems, in which enset provides substantial food security services. While its cultivation is unique to this region, enset production systems take on many forms, varying with environmental and agronomic conditions, crop diversity and (co-)staples produced, the importance of enset for the household, and socio-economic and cultural differences. Through extensive interviews with 375 households covering 20 communities, along an altitudinal range of 1500 to 3000 masl across the main enset-producing belt, the diversity in enset production systems was assessed. We show that the size of enset-producing land holdings and the overall cultivated farmland decreased with altitude. The economic status of households however drives the proportion of land allocated to enset, with relatively more land (45%) allocated to the cultivation of enset in poorer households compared to medium (38%) and to richer (23%) households. The food crop diversity, with an average of 6.4 different food crop species on a farm (ranging from 2 to 15 crops), did not vary with the wealth status of the households or with altitude. Enset-derived food items were a main component of multiple daily meals for most households, complemented with other crops produced on the farm. Supplemental food purchases mainly included meat and bread products, although the purchasing power of enset-growing households is predominantly low. The co-staples grown varied with altitude, according to crop productive cultivation boundaries. Maize was an important co-staple observed across the entire investigated altitudinal range. At the mid to upper altitudes, wheat and barley often supplemented or substituted maize as the main cereal crop, while at the mid to lower altitudes, teff was produced in addition to maize. Coffee was the main cash crop grown up to altitudes of 2300 m. Root and tuber crops, and legumes had a more moderate importance in these systems. At lower altitudes, yam, sweet potato and taro were the main roots and tubers produced, which shifted to Irish potatoes at the mid to high altitudes. The importance of beans was higher in several high-altitude kebeles. The food crop diversity, combined with livestock rearing are key for the self-reliance of the small-holder subsistence farms. The need for increased enset cultivation was highlighted by the farmers to ensure food availability and food security with population growth. On the other hand, enset cultivation was mainly threatened by Xanthomonas wilt.
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Wang, Weiwei. "Integrated Assessment of Economic Supply and Environmental Effects of Biomass Co-Firing in Coal Power Plants: A Case Study of Jiangsu, China." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 2725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062725.
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The technical supply potential of biomass and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are widely studied in the literature. However, relatively few studies have examined the role of biomass co-firing for future electricity in China by integratedly considering the economic supply potential and GHG effects. To fill this gap, we choose the Jiangsu Province in China as a case study and build up a partial equilibrium model with multiple agricultural commodities. Using this model combined with a life cycle assessment, we jointly determine the economic potential of the biomass supply for a biomass co-firing purpose and social benefits, including the agricultural producers’ surplus and GHG mitigation potential. The simulation incorporates the county-level biomass market of various crop residues as well as endogenous crop prices and transportation costs. We find that 0.7–12.5 M MT of residue-based biomass are economically viable for co-firing in coal-based power plants (up to 20%) at biomass prices between USD 50 and USD 100/MT. The net GHG savings achieved at these biomass prices are from 3.2 to 59 M MTCO2e. Our findings indicate that biomass co-firing with coal in power plants would be a feasible low-carbon energy transition pathway if the biomass price is above USD 50/MT. In addition to biomass prices, other factors such as crop yields, production costs of residues, and transportation costs are found to be impactful on the economic viability of biomass and GHG savings. Our results can inform policy to develop localized carbon reduction strategies in provinces with abundant biomass resources and a high share of coal-fired electricity.
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Carins Murphy, Madeline R., Graham J. Dow, Gregory J. Jordan, and Timothy J. Brodribb. "Vein density is independent of epidermal cell size in Arabidopsis mutants." Functional Plant Biology 44, no. 4 (2017): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16299.
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Densities of leaf minor veins and stomata are co-ordinated within and across vascular plants. This maximises the benefit-to-cost ratio of leaf construction by ensuring stomata receive the minimum amount of water required to maintain optimal aperture. A ‘passive dilution’ mechanism in which densities of veins and stomata are co-regulated by epidermal cell size is thought to facilitate this co-ordination. However, unlike stomata, veins are spatially isolated from the epidermis and thus may not be directly regulated by epidermal cell expansion. Here, we use mutant genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with altered stomatal and epidermal cell development to test this mechanism. To do this we compared observed relationships between vein density and epidermal cell size with modelled relationships that assume veins and stomata are passively diluted by epidermal cell expansion. Data from wild-type plants were consistent with the ‘passive dilution’ mechanism, but in mutant genotypes vein density was independent of epidermal cell size. Hence, vein density is not causally linked to epidermal cell expansion. This suggests that adaptation favours synchronised changes to the cell size of different leaf tissues to coordinate veins and stomata, and thus balance water supply with transpirational demand.
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Brylewski, Tomasz, and Kazimierz Przybylski. "Perovskite and Spinel Functional Coatings for SOFC Metallic Interconnects." Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.813.
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The oxidation kinetics, electrical properties, microstructure and chromium vaporization effects of the oxide products formed on Fe-25 wt.-%Cr steel uncoated and coated with films of (La,Sr)CrO3, (La,Sr)CoO3, (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3, Mn1.5Cr1.5O4 and MnCo2O4 in air and the Ar-H2-H2O gas mixture at 1023−1173 K for up to 840 h with regard to their application as SOFC metallic interconnect were investigated. To improve poor electrical conductivity of chromia scales and to suppress chromium vaporization from this scale grown on uncoated steel during oxidation, the perovskite and spinel thick films composed of paste prepared via co-precipitation-calcination and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis methods were applied. Perovskite and spinel coatings decreased the volatilization rate of chromia species in comparison with the value of this parameter corresponding to oxide scales built mainly of chromia formed on uncoated steel. Microstructure investigations by the SEM-EDS method and electrical resistance measurements revealed the significant influence of the formation of multilayer reaction products at the steel/coating interface on the electrical properties of the composite materials used for the construction of the SOFC metallic interconnect.
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Kumar, Ravinder, Mintu Ram Meena, Pooja Dhansu, R. Karuppaiyan, C. Appunu, Neeraj Kulshreshtha, Prashant Kaushik, and Bakshi Ram. "Winter Tolerance Potential of Genetically Diverse Sugarcane Clones under Subtropical Climate of Northern India." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 11757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811757.
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The low temperature (LT) conditions that prevail during winter in subtropical regions of India drastically affect the growth and yield of sugarcane. To identify low-temperature-tolerant agronomical acceptable genotypes for immediate deployment as donor parents in the subtropical sugarcane breeding program, 34 sugarcane clones belonging to 7 genetically diverse groups were evaluated under three crop environments, viz., spring planting, winter ratoon and spring ratoon, during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. In the winter ratoon crop, commercial cane sugar and cane yield were reduced, whereas sucrose % was increased over the spring planted crop and the spring ratoon crop. The wild species and introgressed hybrid groups showed improvement for yield and quality traits in the winter ratoon crop, whereas commercial and near commercial groups showed reduction for these traits over the plant and spring ratoon crops. The tropical cultivars group was the poorest performer irrespective of the traits and crops. Yield per se under a stress environment was adjudged as the best selection criteria. For classification of sugarcane clones according to their low temperature tolerance, an index named winter tolerance index (WTI) is proposed which takes into account the winter sprouting index (WSI), winter growth and yield per se of the winter ratoon crop. The WTI had significant positive association with WSI, cane yield, millable cane population and cane length. As per the WTI ratings, the wild species of Saccharum complex and introgressed hybrid groups were rated as excellent WT clones. Subtropical commercial or advanced generation groups were poor WT clones, and tropical commercial cultivars group were winter sensitive clones. Clones such as AS04-635, AS04-1687, IK76-48, GU07-2276, IND00-1040, IND00-1038 and IND00-1039 had excellent tolerance, and GU07-3849, AS04-245, Co 0238, AS04-2097 and GU07-3774 had good WTI scores. The variety, Co 0238, may be continued for cultivation under LT regions with prophylactic measurers for red rot, while other clones listed above may be utilized in subtropical breeding programs.
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LIU, Jikai, Yongfeng GAO, Xiangli NIU, and Yongsheng LIU. "Construction and Transformation of Co-RNAi Vector of Tomato HP1and HP2Genes*." Chinese Journal of Appplied Environmental Biology 2009, no. 5 (January 26, 2010): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1145.2009.00591.
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Parish, Esther S., Douglas L. Karlen, Keith L. Kline, Kevin S. Comer, and William W. Belden. "Designing Iowa Agricultural Landscapes to Improve Environmental Co-Benefits of Bioenergy Production." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 25, 2023): 10051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310051.
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Cellulosic bioenergy feedstocks are needed to improve carbon (C) management while provisioning biomass for bioproducts and biofuel. The transition to increased cellulosic biomass production can be guided by land management plans designed to improve economic, environmental, and ecological performance. We constructed a sustainability model to compare landscape designs for biofuel production from corn (Zea mays L.) stover and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in central Iowa, USA. We used the model to compare environmental and socioeconomic outcomes associated with four landscape management strategies, with and without cellulosic biomass markets. We evaluated (1) a fuelshed area containing over 1.2 million ha (3 million acres) of corn and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) within 80 km (50 miles) of a commercial-scale cellulosic biorefinery in Nevada, Iowa, and (2) the South Fork watershed containing over 72,000 ha (178,000 acres) of these row crops within eight north central Iowa HUC-12 (hydrologic unit code) watersheds. At both landscape scales, we found that it is possible to achieve multiple environmental and socioeconomic benefits concomitantly with cellulosic biomass production by strategically collecting corn stover and converting the 10% of the lowest-profitability row crop land to perennial switchgrass. Potential benefits from landscape design include increased biodiversity, soil and water quality improvements, increased soil carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation, and reduced fertilizer use and cost. Our model results showed that increasing benefits can accrue when complementary conservation practices (e.g., reduced tillage, use of a rye cover crop) are combined and integrated throughout a fuelshed or watershed area. We conclude that ecologically based landscape designs offer valuable insights about costs and benefits of land management alternatives, with relevance for achieving stakeholder goals.
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Mahadevaiah, Channappa, Palanisamy Vignesh, Chinnasamy Appunu, Ramanathan Valarmathi, Pooja Dhansu, Ashwani Kumar, Selvarajan Dharshini, et al. "Physiological Characterization of Tripidium arundinaceum and Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Germplasm for Salinity Stress Tolerance at the Formative Stage." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 20, 2023): 6962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086962.
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A total of sixteen accessions of Tripidium arundinaceum (Retz.) Welker, Voronts. & E.A. Kellogg (previously known as Erianthus arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet) were evaluated for salinity tolerance at the bud germination stage by irrigating with 175 mM salinized Hoagland solution in perlite-sand hydroponics. Six accessions, IND99-907, IND01-1134, IND01-1136, IK76-48, and Bethuadahari, were germinated with healthy roots as compared to other accessions. These six accessions were further evaluated for morphological, physiological, and root anatomical parameters for different levels of salinity stress at the formative phase. Young leaf elongation was ceased after the fourth and twelfth day in Co 97010 and Co 86032, respectively, at 175 mM of salinity stress. The growth of young leaves in Co 97010 and Co 86032 was observed up to 25 mM of salinity stress only, whereas in T. arundinaceum accessions viz., IND99-907 and Bethuadahari, growth was recorded even at 175 mM. Lignification of cell walls, thickening of protoxylems, and vacuolization of cortex regions were observed in Co 97010, Co 86032, Bethuadahari, and IND01-1134 as compared to the normal anatomical structures in IND99-907. The accession IND99-907 recorded the lowest Na/K ratio, followed by IND99-1136 at 175 mM of salinity stress. The accession IND99-907 was identified as a salinity-tolerant genotype and suitable for utilization in the sugarcane crop improvement programmes.
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Kumar, Sibi, Jaya Krishna Kumar S, Hariharan Ramakrishnan, Vallabh Mahadevan, Vidhya Jeyapalan, and Azhagarasan N. S. "Evaluation of the effect of oral health care product on the reverse torque value of the titanium prosthetic screw of an implant-supported crown following cyclic loading." BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Dentistry 2, no. 1 (2023): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcrid.2023.20.
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Purpose of the study: To comparatively evaluate in vitro the effect of oral health care product on the reverse torque value of the titanium prosthetic screw of an implant-supported crown following cyclic loading. Materials and methods: Ten titanium screw-retained implant Co-Cr crowns without application of oral health care product (Group I) and ten titanium screw-retained implant Co-Cr crowns with the application of oral health care product (GC Tooth Mousse) (Group II) were connected to their respective analogs and prosthetic screws were torqued to 30 Ncm using a digital torque meter. Reverse Torque Values were measured before cycling loading and all the twenty samples were subjected to a cyclic loading simulating six months’ duration of the function. Reverse Torque Values were subsequently measured postcyclic loading. The results were analyzed using the Paired ‘t’ test and the Independent ‘t’ test. Results: The mean precyclic loading reverse torque values were 26.12 Ncm (Group I) and 26.57 Ncm (Group II) and the mean postcyclic loading reverse torque values were 22.49 Ncm (Group I) and 24.10 Ncm (Group II). There was no significant loss of preload for Group II test samples prior to cyclic loading compared to Group I test samples. Cyclic loading resulted in reduction of reverse torque values for both Group I and Group II test samples, indicating screw loosening. After cyclic loading, Group II test samples showed significantly higher detorque value than Group I test samples. Conclusion: Cyclic loading resulted in screw loosening in both test groups. Screw loosening was found to be significantly less for Co-Cr prosthetic screw-retained implant crown with the application of GC Tooth Mousse than Co-Cr prosthetic screw-retained implant crown without application of GC Tooth Mousse.
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Ingram, Julie, and Pete Gaskell. "Searching for meaning: Co-constructing ontologies with stakeholders for smarter search engines in agriculture." NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 90-91 (December 2019): 100300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.04.006.
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Yemchyk, Viktor, and Anatoliy Yelenych. "DESIGN FEATURES OF CASE AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(120) (May 1, 2023): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2023-1-4.
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Leading firms and corporations - manufacturers of agricultural machinery (hereinafter referred to as companies) develop, produce, and then offer tractor models on the market in the form of construction series combining up to 40-55 models. The largest companies produce not only tractors, but also sets of agricultural machines for them, as well as entire technological complexes for processing and harvesting one or another crop. Thus, these companies act on the markets with their own product programs, which include the construction series of tractors as the most important component (Deere & Co, Case, New Holland, Massey Ferguson, etc.). Each construction series includes several (up to 10) series (families) of tractor models, identical in purpose, differing in engine power. The basis of each such family is unified aggregates and units - engines, transmissions, front and rear axles, hydraulic suspension systems, cabins, electrical equipment and other aggregates. The tractors of the construction series have a single stylistic solution of the cabin and external structure, which is a trademark. The construction series is characterized by a high saturation of models, especially in the range of small and medium capacities, which is explained by the increased demand for tractors of these capacities. The redundancy of models is especially noticeable in the design series of companies that were formed by merging companies that previously had their own design series (for example, the Case New Holland Company). Design series are built according to engine power and tractor weight, series - according to engine power, the gradation of which is determined by the number of engine cylinders and the possibility of forcing it with the help of low or high turbocharging. Often, the models of the series, and especially the series, have very little difference in engine power, which, with the redundancy of a number of models, allows companies to meet the demands of the maximum number of consumers for tractor performance and fuel consumption in competitive conditions.
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Debaeke, Philippe, Emmanuelle Bret-Mestries, Jean-Noël Aubertot, Pierre Casadebaig, Luc Champolivier, Jean-François Dejoux, Pierre Maury, and Célia Seassau. "Sunflower agronomy: 10 years of research in partnership within the “Sunflower” Technological Joint Unit (UMT) in Toulouse." OCL 27 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020006.
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In order to make more efficient plant breeding and gain in competitiveness, the sector of oil-protein crops decided to intensify agronomic research on sunflower crop. The “Sunflower” Joint Technological Unit (Unité Mixte Technologique (UMT) “Tournesol”, in French) was launched in the Toulouse area in 2006, associating closely INRA and Terres Inovia. First focused on improving oil production through an agronomic approach, the UMT was renewed in 2011 with a broader partnership and a more assertive orientation towards the development of decision-making tools. The objective of this paper is to highlight the relevance and productivity of this user-oriented research facility. The main results relate to (i) the co-construction of a simulation model (SUNFLO) that can be parameterized and manipulated by Terres Inovia engineers, (ii) the joint exploration of supra-field scales and new methods for agronomic diagnosis and yield forecasting based on remote sensing, (iii) the tuning and dissemination of operational decision rules, (iv) the production of essential knowledge on emergent and/or damaging fungal diseases, as well as on complex interactions between genotype, environment and crop management. After a concluding symposium in 2016, new requests for sunflower research were formulated by the participants. They also advocated for a diversification of crops to consider in order to better meet the needs of the whole oil-protein sector.
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Si, Rongrong, Honggang Luo, and Junwen Pu. "Constructing nitrogen/sulfur co-doped hierarchical porous cellulose-based carbon derived from larch via regeneration by dissolution approach for supercapacitor." Industrial Crops and Products 200 (September 2023): 116844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116844.
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Копылов, Н. П., Е. Ю. Сушкина, Д. В. Федоткин, and В. И. Новикова. "Protection of firefighters from exposure to the hazards of crown forest fires." Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, no. 3(112) (September 15, 2023): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.112.3.001.
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В статье рассмотрены вопросы защиты людей, занятых на тушении лесных пожаров, от воздействия опасных факторов лесного пожара. Сделаны оценки по числовым значениям этих опасных факторов. Приведены статистические данные по США и России о гибели пожарных, попавших в ловушки при верховых лесных пожарах. Рассмотрены варианты защиты людей в виде укрытий легкого и тяжелого класса. Проанализированы нормативные документы, в частности стандарты, на предмет их применимости для сертификации укрытий. Предложены способы оценки эффективности защитных сооружений (укрытий), попавших в зону действия верхового лесного пожара. Fighting forest fires is often accompanied by the deaths of forest firefighters. The most frequent loss of life occurs when caught in the traps of crown forest fires. Standardized firefighter uniform does not provide protection against crown fires. Therte are proposed various options for solving this problem such as the development of individual means of protection – tents and collective protective constructions for several people. The estimation of efficiency of these means of protection at influence of fire hazards (powerful heat radiation, high temperature, products of burning (CO, CO2, smoke aerosol)) can be carried out in several stages - calculations and full-scale tests. The heating of the packages of protective materials used to make the shelters can be evaluated computationally. Full-scale experiments should be performed either in the forest area or to simulate a crown forest fire, for example, by the intensity of heat emission. The calculations made it possible to determine the range of possible heat release and to simulate both low-intensity and high-intensity crown forest fires. This approach makes it possible to achieve the necessary reproducibility of the experimental results. In the future in order to avoid uncertainties in evaluating the effectiveness of shelters for forest firefighters, it is necessary to develop a normative document (GOST) defining the requirements for shelters and methods of their testing.
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Pan, Min, Shing Him Lee, Liwen Luo, Xun Wen Chen, and Yik Tung Sham. "Co-Application of Sewage Sludge, Chinese Medicinal Herbal Residue and Biochar Attenuated Accumulation and Translocation of Antibiotics in Soils and Crops." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 21, 2023): 6972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086972.
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Sewage sludge (SL), Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHRs) and the raw materials of biochar (BC) are normally treated as wastes. However, SL, CMHRs and BC are potential candidates for soil amendments. The performances of soils amended with three different proportions (5%, 10% and 20% on a dry-weight basis) of SL-BC and SL-CMHR-BC in terms of ameliorating soil properties and attenuating antibiotics in soil–plant systems were investigated with two common crop species: carrot and lettuce. The amended soils in general showed higher nutrient levels than the control soils, and particularly for the 20% SL-CMHR-BC. The soils with 10% or 20% SL-BC or SL-CMHR-BC apparently retarded the germination performances of the two crop species, but the negative effects were not noticeable after a growing period. Six target antibiotics, amoxicillin (AMX), tetracycline (TC), sulfamethazine (SMX), norfloxacin (NOR), erythromycin (ERY) and chloramphenicol (CAP), were applied for growing the crops by using irrigation water with 3 μg L−1 (IW3) and 30 μg L−1 (IW30) of each antibiotic. The amended soils led to lower levels of antibiotics in the soils and crop tissues as compared with the control, with the 20% SL-CMHR-BC soils showing the most pronounced effect. The effects of the soil amendments on the bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied, but generally with lower values in the amended soils. Both SL-BC and SL-CMHR-BC were proven in the study as potential soil amendments for alleviating the environmental dispersal and human exposure risks of different antibiotics, and specifically 20% SL-CMHR-BC.
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Zhang, Lu, Shunjiang Yu, Bo Zhang, Gen Li, Yongxiang Cai, and Wei Tang. "Outage management of hybrid AC/DC distribution systems: Co-optimize service restoration with repair crew and mobile energy storage system dispatch." Applied Energy 335 (April 2023): 120422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120422.
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Wei, Jinxing, Haibo Li, Xiaoer Huang, Yongguo Zhao, Lejun Ouyang, Mingken Wei, Chun Wang, Junxia Wang, and Guangyuan Lu. "Elucidating the regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs in drought stress response during seed germination in leaf mustard." PeerJ 12 (July 5, 2024): e17661. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17661.
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Leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss), an important vegetable crop, experiences pronounced adversity due to seasonal drought stress, particularly at the seed germination stage. Although there is partial comprehension of drought-responsive genes, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in adjusting mustard’s drought stress response is largely unexplored. In this study, we showed that the drought-tolerant cultivar ‘Weiliang’ manifested a markedly lower base water potential (−1.073 MPa vs −0.437 MPa) and higher germination percentage (41.2% vs 0%) than the drought-susceptible cultivar ‘Shuidong’ under drought conditions. High throughput RNA sequencing techniques revealed a significant repertoire of lncRNAs from both cultivars during germination under drought stress, resulting in the identification of 2,087 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and their correspondingly linked 12,433 target genes. It was noted that 84 genes targeted by DEL exhibited enrichment in the photosynthesis pathway. Gene network construction showed that MSTRG.150397, a regulatory lncRNA, was inferred to potentially modulate key photosynthetic genes (Psb27, PetC, PetH, and PsbW), whilst MSTRG.107159 was indicated as an inhibitory regulator of six drought-responsive PIP genes. Further, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) corroborated the involvement of light intensity and stress response genes targeted by the identified DELs. The precision and regulatory impact of lncRNA were verified through qPCR. This study extends our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms governing drought stress responses in mustard, which will help strategies to augment drought tolerance in this crop.
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Uchanski, Mark, Thomas Hickey, Jennifer Bousselot, and Kurt L. Barth. "Characterization of Agrivoltaic Crop Environment Conditions Using Opaque and Thin-Film Semi-Transparent Modules." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 25, 2023): 3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073012.
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Agrivoltaics (APV), the co-location of agriculture and photovoltaics (PV), addresses an inherent competition for land usage. Taking the same dual-use concept to the urban landscape, rooftop APV can provide locally grown food in areas of need while providing distributed energy generation. In this multi-year investigation, different APV plots in northern Colorado, USA, were studied for crop metrics, light transmission, air temperature, soil/substrate temperature and moisture. Crops were grown under different solar panel types including opaque silicon and opaque and semi-transparent (ST) thin-film CdTe technologies. Growth conditions were characterized showing generally improved conditions and moderated temperatures under the panels. The ST-CdTe panels had increased photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) compared to both opaque panel types without a significant corresponding increase in temperature.
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Vidal, T., and B. Andrieu. "Contrasting phenotypes emerging from stable rules: A model based on self-regulated control loops captures the dynamics of shoot extension in contrasting maize phenotypes." Annals of Botany 126, no. 4 (October 19, 2019): 615–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz168.
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Abstract Background and Aims The dynamics of plant architecture is a central aspect of plant and crop models. Most models assume that whole shoot development is orchestrated by the leaf appearance rate, which follows a thermal time schedule. However, leaf appearance actually results from leaf extension and taking it as an input hampers our ability to understand shoot construction. The objective of the present study was to assess a modelling framework for grasses, in which the emergence of leaves and other organs is explicitly calculated as a result of their extension. Methods The approach builds on a previous model, which uses a set of rules co-ordinating the timing of development within and between phytomers. We first assessed rule validity for four experimental datasets, including different cultivars, planting densities and environments, and accordingly revised the equations driving the extension of the upper leaves and of internodes. We then fitted model parameters for each dataset and evaluated the ability to simulate the measured phenotypes across time. Finally, we carried out a sensitivity analysis to identify the parameters that had the greatest impact and to investigate model behaviour. Key Results The modified version of the model simulated correctly the contrasting maize phenotypes. Co-ordination rules accounted for the observations in all studied cultivars. Factors with major impact on model output included extension rates, the time of tassel initiation and initial conditions. A large diversity of phenotypes could be simulated. Conclusions This work provides direct experimental evidence for co-ordination rules and illustrates the capacity of the model to represent contrasting phenotypes. These rules play an important role in patterning shoot architecture and some of them need to be assessed further, considering contrasting growth conditions. To make the model more predictive, several parameters could be considered in the future as internal variables driven by plant status.
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Gehlot, Yashwant, Aakash, Roshan Gallani, Priyanka Jadon, Veer Singh, Sonali Kamle, Rinku Kamle, and Subhash Mandloi. "Spatial Variability of Soil Macronutrients and Chemical Properties in Ujjain Tehsil of Ujjain District of Madhya Pradesh, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 21 (October 18, 2023): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i213980.
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Understanding the characteristics of soil and how it may be utilised sustainably makes soil property mapping a crucial process. To improve crop yield and preserve healthy soil, it is essential to understand the heterogeneity of the soil in each location in order to establish site-specific nutrient management strategies for that area. The current research was carried out in the Ujjain tehsil (Ujjain) district of Madhya Pradesh state, India, with the aim of measuring the spatial variability of several soil macronutrients and soil chemical characteristics. Throughout the research region, 150 geo-coded surface soil samples with a depth of 0 to 15 cm were collected. The soil characteristics, namely pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (Av-N), available phosphorous (Av-P), available potassium (Av-K), and available sulphur (Av-S), were assessed in these samples using standard methods. The research region's ranges for soil pH, EC, SOC, Av-N, Av-P, and Av-K were 7.01 to 8.15, 0.10 to 0.79 dSm-1, 0.30-0.60%, 139.00 – 235.00 kg ha-1, 8.00 – 25.60 kg ha-1, and 301.00 – 463.00 kg ha-1, in that order. The data were analysed using classic statistics and geo--statistics by constructing semi-variograms and mapping by ordinary kriging techniques. Semi-variograms were calculated for soil characteristics and their spatial distributions were mapped. Best-fit models for measured soil properties were Exponential, Circular, Gaussian and Hole effect with Nugget/Sill (Co/Co+C) ratio for modelled variables indicated strong and moderate spatial dependences. The distribution maps of soil attributes could be utilized as a guide for site-specific crop management in similar soils. Further, this study demonstrates the usefulness of GIS- application in soil variability studies.
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Wei, Yang, Risheng Li, Nan Lu, and Baoqiang Zhang. "Stabilization of Soil Co-Contaminated with Mercury and Arsenic by Different Types of Biochar." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 13637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013637.
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Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) are toxic and harmful heavy metals, with exceedance rates of 1.6% and 2.7%, respectively, in soils across China. Compared to soils contaminated with Hg or As alone, co-contaminated soils pose complex environmental risks and are difficult to remediate. Biochar is widely used as a soil amendment to adsorb and immobilize pollutants such as heavy metals. However, only a few studies have explored the efficiency of biochars produced from different crop straws to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in co-contaminated soils, and the effects on soil biological properties are often overlooked. The aim of this study was to investigate changes to the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and heavy metal bioavailability of an industrial soil co-contaminated with Hg and As upon the addition of different biochars from reed, cassava, and rice straws (REB, CAB, and RIB, respectively). The soil was amended with 1% biochar and planted with spinach in pots for 30 days. RIB was more effective than REB and CAB in increasing the soil pH, organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity. RIB and CAB exhibited similar positive effects on the soil dehydrogenase, catalase, invertase, and urease activities, which were higher than those of REB. The exchangeable fraction of both metals decreased upon biochar addition, and the residual fraction showed the opposite trend. All biochar amendments reduced the bioconcentration factors of heavy metals (especially Hg) in plants and decreased the metal bioavailability in soil. RIB is the optimal amendment for the stabilization of soil co-contaminated with Hg and As.
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Hamidi, Nur Hidayah, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Latifah Omar, Huck Ywih Ch’ng, Prisca Divra Johan, Puvan Paramisparam, Adiza Alhassan Musah, and Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh. "Co-Application of Inorganic Fertilizers with Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash to Improve Soil Nitrogen Availability, Uptake, Use Efficiency, and Dry Matter Production of Sorghum Cultivated on Acid Soils." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010827.
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Efficient management of N fertilizers enhances crop yields and contributes to sustainable food security. Tropical acidic soils with high Al and Fe are prone to easy loss of basic cations, such as NH4+, via leaching and erosion. Appropriate soil amendments and agronomic practices minimize the loss of fertilizer nutrients, improve soil nutrient retention, and maximize their uptake by plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of co-applying charcoal and sago bark ash with inorganic fertilizers on N availability, uptake, use efficiency, and dry matter production of sorghum in a tropical acid soil. The results revealed that the co-application of inorganic fertilizers with charcoal and sago bark ash increased sorghum plant height, dry matter production, N uptake and N use efficiency. The soil treated with a combination of 100% of the recommended rate of charcoal and sago bark ash (C1A1) resulted in significantly higher sorghum dry matter production, N uptake, and use efficiency compared with normal fertilization (U1). The C1A1 treatment resulted in significantly lower soil available N compared with U1. The C1A1 treatment enhanced the uptake of N by the sorghum plants, resulting in less available N in the soil after the experiment. Although the effects of co-applying charcoal and sago bark ash on soil total N were not glaring, this practice increased soil pH and total C, and reduced exchangeable acidity and Al3+. A long-term field study is recommended to confirm the effects of co-applying inorganic fertilizers with charcoal and sago bark ash on sorghum productivity, economic viability, and soil nutrient residual effects.