Dissertations / Theses: 'Crosslinking'

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Haleem, Asad Bilal. "Crosslinking nucleophilic dyes on cotton." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250890.

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Thompson, Corrine P. "Chemical models of crosslinking polymers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844286/.

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Low molecular weight compounds were used to model the reaction between a range of substituted methyl-ketones with hydrazides in comparison to amines. The reactions were studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy at three pH values, in order to establish structure-reactivity relationships and pH control of the reaction. The information gained was used to design four acrylate monomers containing a terminal methyl-ketone moiety. The monomers were incorporated into a methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate polymer backbone at low concentrations. The methyl-ketone group was expected to engage in crosslinking reactions with a water-soluble dihydrazide crosslinker. Tests were performed to show the effect on polymer film properties when such a reaction occurs. Swelling studies were carried out to show the extent of reaction in polymer samples through calculation of the average molecular weight between crosslinks. Mc. An introduction to emulsion polymers and their application in binder compositions is given in chapter 1. Several condensation processes known to occur between carbonyl- and amino-functional groups in different structures, and under different conditions, are also outlined. The experimental procedures and analytical techniques used throughout the research are described in chapter 2. In chapters 3 and 4, model systems were used to determine details of the condensation process (in a dilute aqueous environment) and control of the reaction by pH. This knowledge was applied in chapter 5 to the design of polymer systems which may be crosslinked through such condensations. The resulting systems were compared to a commercially available crosslinking emulsion polymer composition to test their relative performance. These various aspects are discussed at the end of the thesis with suggestions for further research.

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Sisson, Thomas Michael 1966. "Crosslinking polymerization in supramolecular assemblies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282566.

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Supramolecular assemblies are composed of noncovalently associated molecules which organize in water to yield 2-D and 3-D architectures. Crosslinking polymerization of supramolecular assemblies provides an effective means to modify their chemical and physical properties. Two methods of characterizing crosslinked polymeric assemblies were developed. These techniques rely on experimentally observed changes in polymer solubility and assembly stability in the presence of nonionic surfactants. The results show an inefficient crosslinking mechanism in organized media compared to isotropic polymerization. Two models rationalizing the inefficient crosslinking observed in organized media were proposed. Symmetrical crosslinking agents were synthesized to test the models. These results suggest intramolecular memorialization is an important process in the efficiency of crosslinking. The polymerization of a heterobifunctional lipid with two polymerizable groups in the same acyl chain separated by a six carbon spacer yielded a novel linear ladder-like polymer architecture. The two reactive groups are in regions of different polarity allowing for the simultaneous, selective, and sequential polymerization depending on the initiation chemistry employed. A second heterobifunctional lipid was designed and synthesized with a longer spacer between the two reactive groups. Polymerization of vesicles gave stable polymeric vesicles. The results from the crosslinking and redox polymerization studies on 2-D assemblies were applied to the inverted hexagonal and bicontinuous cubic phases. Phase behavior is characterized before and after crosslinking polymerization principally by variable temperature ³¹NMR. γ-Initiated polymerization of bis-lipids was studied to evaluate their sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The reactive moiety effects the initial rate of polymerization, extent of polymerization, and inhibition by oxygen. A preliminary investigation of polymerizable ion-paired amphiphiles (IPA) showed polymerization methods commonly used for zwitterionic lipids can be applied to IPA. This is the first report of polymerization of reactive groups in the anionic acyl chain of an ion-paired amphiphile.

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Bewsher, Alan. "New crosslinking methods for functionalised oligomers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335350.

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Bajomo, Michael A. "Smart crosslinking of water soluble polymers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526402.

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Tabtiang, Arunee. "Irradiation crosslinking of oriented plasticised PVC compounds." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12433.

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Plasticised polyvinyl chloride (PPVC) compounds were biaxially stretched, annealed in the drawn state and subsequently exposed to electron beam irradiation. During sample irradiation the crosslinking reaction was promoted by a radiation sensitising monomer, trimethylolpropanetrimethacrylate (TMPTMA), included in the PVC compound formulations. The influence of stabiliser type and level, TMPTMA level and irradiation dose on the network structure produced was investigated. A tin stabiliser, Stanclere TL, was selected for this study as it promoted the crosslinking reaction and it showed no interfering peaks in the wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) traces which were used to follow the development of structural order. The appearance of gel, the material insoluble in THF, in irradiated oriented samples proved that a crosslinked structure was created. The gel formation increased with TMPTMA level and irradiation dose. The gel content was found to affect mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and produced an increase in the area shrinkage temperature. Sample thickness and the plasticiser content were found to have a major effect upon gel formation. The thicker the sample was, the smaller the quantity of gel that was formed. Samples containing 46.5phr plasticiser showed greater gel content than samples containing 25phr plasticiser as a result of the higher molecular mobility in the more plasticised samples. It was also found that the orientation of the film decreased the efficiency of network formation in PVC formulations with a 46.5phr plasticiser content but no significant change in gel content could be detected in those containing 25phr plasticiser. Tensile properties and impact strength at room temperature were slightly improved in irradiated samples. The modified structure resulted in an improvement in tensile strength and penetration resistance at higher temperatures and an increased area shrinkage temperature. Crosslinking did not affect room temperature recovery or crystalline orientation; however irradiation crosslinking reduced crystallinity.

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Sarker, Dipak Kumar. "Control of protein foam stability by crosslinking." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309907.

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Rueda, de la Garza Gabriela. "The effects of crosslinking in polymer miscibility." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47234.

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Briceno, Garcia Ruben Dario. "Crosslinking of ethylene copolymers from epoxy chemistry." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0037.

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La plupart des couches d'isolation de câbles pour la moyenne tension "MV" et haute tension "HV" sont fabriquées en polyéthylène réticulé (XLPE) par voie peroxyde. L'impact des sous-produits de réaction sur les propriétés et la nécessité d'une étape de dégazage au cours du processus sont les principaux problèmes liés à cette technologie. Cette étude se concentre sur le développement d'une méthode de réticulation alternative sans les problèmes liés aux sous-produits. Des copolymères d’éthylène/époxy ont été réticulés thermiquement en utilisant un agent aminoacide pour créer des liaisons covalentes entre les fonctions époxydes. L’influence de différents paramètres sur la cinétique de réaction tels que la température de réticulation, les proportions aminoacide/époxy, la taille des particules de l’aminoacide et la teneur en époxy dans les copolymères a été étudiée par techniques de caractérisation telles que : rhéologie dynamique, spectrométrie FTIR, microscopie à balayage électronique et calorimétrie différentielle. En outre, l'étude de la structure du réseau avant et pendant un vieillissement thermique a été effectuée par différentes techniques (mesures de gonflement, spectroscopie FTIR, propriétés de traction et thermoporosimétrie) sur deux types de réseaux : un pré-contraint et un autre non-contraint. Enfin, une caractérisation des propriétés électriques par spectroscopie diélectriques et mesures de claquage électrique a été faite. Les résultats concernant les cinétiques de réaction, les propriétés thermomécaniques et le comportement électrique ont montré que la formulation développée dans cette étude peut être utilisée pour une application de câble
Most of insulation layers of cables for medium voltage “MV” and high voltage “HV” applications are made of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) by peroxide technology. The impact of reaction by-products on properties and the consequential need of a degassing stage during the process are the main problems related to this technology. This study focuses on the development of an alternative crosslinking method without by-products issues. Epoxy-ethylene copolymers were thermally crosslinked by using an amino-acid agent to create covalent cross-links between epoxide functions. Influence of several parameters on kinetic reactions such as crosslinking temperature, amino acid/epoxy proportions, size particle of amino acid and epoxy content in copolymers were studied by characterization techniques such as: dynamic rheology, FTIR spectrometry, SEM microscopy and differential calorimetry. In addition, study of the network structure before and during a thermal aging was done on a pre-constrained and a non-constrained network by different techniques (swelling ratio measurement, FTIR spectroscopy, tensile properties and thermoporosimetry analysis). Finally, a characterization of electrical properties by dielectric spectroscopy and breakdown measurements was done. Results related to reaction kinetic, thermo-mechanical properties and electrical behavior have shown that the developed formulation can be used for cable application

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Trimukhe, K. D. "Crosslinking reactions of chitosan and their applications." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2007. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2625.

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Kamenov, Ognian. "Additive incorporation in the polyethylene orientation-crosslinking process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ45451.pdf.

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Sturgill, G. Kip. "Stabilization of polyimide blends through solid-state crosslinking." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10080.

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O'Connor, P. M. "Crosslinking reactions of the dimethane sulphonates within chromatin." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383233.

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Kirk, James Forrest. "Solid state crosslinking process for collagen-glycosaminoglycan membranes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32125.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.
Bibliography: leaves 47-48.
by James Forrest Kirk.
M.S.

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ESCARIÃO, Ana Cecília de Souza Leão. "Efeito terapêutico do crosslinking corneal na ceratite infecciosa." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17474.

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Submitted by Isaac Francisco de Souza Dias (isaac.souzadias@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-19T18:28:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) colacao - cecilia escariao.pdf: 1217403 bytes, checksum: 5bc515a017c6ca8024249a926f827192 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T18:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) colacao - cecilia escariao.pdf: 1217403 bytes, checksum: 5bc515a017c6ca8024249a926f827192 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-03
Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do crosslinking (CXL) no tratamento de ceratite infecciosa, resistente ao tratamento clínico, e investigar a relação com o agente etiológico. Métodos: Foram incluídos 11 pacientes com diagnóstico de ceratite infecciosa de etiologia bacteriana (sete olhos) e fúngica (quatro olhos) na Fundação Altino Ventura (FAV) no período de outubro de 2011 a maio de 2012. Os pacientes incluídos estavam em uso de colírios há pelo menos sete dias e não apresentavam melhora da infecção. Estes foram avaliados antes da realização do CXL e no período pós-operatório, até cicatrização da úlcera. Para realização do CXL foram instilados gotas de riboflavina a 0,1% e dextrano a 20%, a cada cinco minutos em um período de 30 minutos antes do procedimento, e durante a aplicação da luz ultravioleta A (UVA). A córnea foi exposta a UVA com comprimento de onda de 370m ± 5m e uma irradiância de 3mW/cm². Resultados: Os pacientes com infecção bacteriana obtiveram cura do processo infeccioso após o CXL e nenhum paciente com ceratite fúngica apresentou cicatrização. Observou-se associação significante (p=0,003) entre o agente etiológico e a cicatrização. Conclusão: O CXL mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento de ceratite bacteriana resistente ao tratamento clínico, evitando a realização de transplante tectônico. Em relação a ceratite fúngica, o este procedimento não influenciou para a melhora do processo infeccioso.
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of corneal crosslinking (CXL) in the treatment of infectious keratitis resistant to medical treatment, and investigate the relation with the CXL outcome to the etiologic agent. Methods: The study included 11 patients who were diagnosed with bacterial (seven eyes) or fungal keratitis (four eyes) at Fundação Altino Ventura from October 2011 to May 2012. All patients were using antibiotic eye drops for at least 7 days and have had no infection improvement. Patients were evaluated prior to CXL and the postoperative period until healing of the keratitis. For CXL, eyes were first instilled with a solution containing 0.1% riboflavin and 20% dextran for 30 min at a 5-minutes interval. Riboflavin-soaked eyes were then irradiated with UVA light (370 ± 5m) at 3mW/cm² for 30 minutes. Results: Eyes with bacterial infection exhibited improvement of infectious symptoms after CXL whereas eyes with fungal keratitis showed no improvement. Thus, there was a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.003) between the etiologic agent and the effectiveness of healing. Conclusion: CXL was effective in the treatment of bacterial keratitis resistant to clinical treatment, eliminating the need for surgery. However, CXL was not effective in managing fungal keratitis.

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Fan, Chengkai. "A New Crosslinking Method of Isobutylene-isoprene Copolymer." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555686149937045.

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17

Venkataraman, Srinivasan. "Crosslinking of cotton cellulose by lignin-isocyanate copolymer." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42158.

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Ethoxyl capped hydroxypropyl lignin (IIP-EL) was used as a finishing agent for cotton fabric to impart the property of crease recovery to the fabric. The synthesis of the finish involved two steps: Synthesis of phenyl N( 3 - cyanato 4 methyl phenyl) carbamate by reacting phenol and Tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) in a 1:1 mole ratio. Reaction of the above prepolymer with the modified lignin (HP- EL) using a mole ratio of 1:20 to form a lignin carbamate. The lignin carbamate finish was crosslinked to cotton cellulose fabric through carbamoyl linkages when the fabric was cured. There is emperical evidence for the chemical crosslinking of cellulose with lignin. The effects of the finish on the fabric physical properties like durable press rating, dimensional stability, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, warp and weft recovery angle were investigated. Analysis of the results showed improvement in the durable press rating and excellent retention of tensile strength and abrasion resistance. The results of warp and weft recovery angle tests which relate to durable press properties, suggest the need to further investigate the possibility of using a different chain-extended lignin to achieve improved results.
Master of Science

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18

Hart, Sawyer(Sawyer H. ). "Re-strengthening demineralized bone via tannin-iron crosslinking." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124588.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [30]-[31]).
As the world population continues to age, the social and economic impacts resulting from osteoporosis will continue to rise. New treatments for the disease are needed now more than ever. Using tannin iron complexes we show that thin film deposition of the complexes are not only possible but effective at strengthening demineralized bone. Furthermore we show that by taking advantage of newly discovered tris-complexes that are able to form between tannic acid and ferrous iron ion in solution, the strengthening ability of the film increases dramatically. Specifically, we show that tannin iron tris-complex coating results in a 1062% increase in the flexural modulus for fully hydrated and demineralized bone.
by Sawyer Hart.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering

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Bandeira, Barbara Eugenia. "Combination of orientation with silane crosslinking of polyethylene." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531640.

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Bansode, S. B. "Study of glycation and drug induced protein crosslinking." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2014. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2223.

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Pereira, Fernando Ramon Ayres. "Sistemas de emissão UV-A homogêneo para uso clínico de irradiação de córneas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18152/tde-09122010-091052/.

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Este trabalho é parte de um projeto destinado a criar um equipamento médico, para ser aplicado com o protocolo de crosslinking de colágeno corneano, para o tratamento do ceratocone, do qual resultou o desenvolvimento de um sistema de irradiação UV-A de córneas para a aplicação clínica oftalmológica. O sistema desenvolvido neste trabalho consiste de um circuito de malha fechada, que estabiliza a potência luminosa emitida (com erro global, após a calibração, menor que 20% durante a emissão), possibilita seu ajuste até 5 mW (6,366 mW/\'CM POT. 2\') e permite selecionar a duração da emissão entre 10 s - 30 min. O sistema irradia com pico em 365 nm \'+ OU -\' 15 nm sendo que o design óptico proporciona spots homogêneos para três diâmetros selecionáveis: 10 mm; 8 mm; e 6 mm. O software desenvolvido tem a função de controlar todo o procedimento médico do crosslinking corneano, além de detectar falhas no sistema. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho possibilitaram a criação de um equipamento robusto, flexível e estável, capaz de competir diretamente com os produtos internacionais comercializados mundialmente. Até a presente data tem-se conhecimento de apenas dois produtos, para mesma finalidade, comercializados em todo mundo, sendo ambos de empresas européias. Desta maneira, o sistema descrito nesta dissertação integra hoje o único aparelho de crosslinking totalmente projetado e produzido com tecnologia nacional.
This work is part of a project to create a medical device to be applied with the protocol for corneal collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus, which resulted in the development of an UV-A system for corneas irradiation for ophthalmic clinical application. The developed system consists of a closed loop circuit, which stabilizes the emitted light power (with global error, after calibration, less than 20% over the issue), allows its adjust up to 5 mW (6.366 mW/\'CM POT.2\') and allows to select the emission duration between 10 s - 30 min. The system irradiates with a peak wave length at 365 nm \'+ OU -\' 15 nm and the optical design provides homogeneous spots for three selectable diameter: 10 mm, 8 mm and 6 mm. The developed software has the function of controlling the medical procedure of corneal crosslinking, and detect system failures. The results of this work enabled the creation of a robust equipment, flexible, and stable that can compete directly with international products marketed worldwide. Until the present date, there has been aware of only two products for the same purpose, marketed worldwide, both from European companies. Thus, the system described in this dissertation integrates now the only unit of crosslinking completely designed and produced with national technology.

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Döhler, Diana Verfasser], Wolfgang H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Binder, and Ulrich Sigmar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schubert. "Crosslinking approaches towards self-healing polymers : “click”-crosslinking and supramolecular clustering ; [kumulative Dissertation] / Diana Döhler. Betreuer: Wolfgang H. Binder ; Ulrich S. Schubert." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077768176/34.

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Zaupa, Alessandro. "Physical crosslinking of gelatin : a supramolecular approach to biomaterials." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5288/.

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This work describes the realization of physically crosslinked networks based on gelatin by the introduction of functional groups enabling specific supramolecular interactions. Molecular models were developed in order to predict the material properties and permit to establish a knowledge-based approach to material design. The effect of additional supramolecular interactions with hydroxyapaptite was then studied in composite materials. The calculated properties are compared to experimental results to validate the models. The models are then further used for the study of physically crosslinked networks. Gelatin was functionalized with desaminotyrosine (DAT) and desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine (DATT) side groups, derived from the natural amino acid tyrosine. These group can potentially undergo to π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions also under physiological conditions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on models with 0.8 wt.-% or 25 wt.-% water content, using the second generation forcefield CFF91. The validation of the models was obtained by the comparison with specific experimental data such as, density, peptide conformational angles and X-ray scattering spectra. The models were then used to predict the supramolecular organization of the polymer chain, analyze the formation of physical netpoints and calculate the mechanical properties. An important finding of simulation was that with the increase of aromatic groups also the number of observed physical netpoints increased. The number of relatively stable physical netpoints, on average zero 0 for natural gelatin, increased to 1 and 6 for DAT and DATT functionalized gelatins respectively. A comparison with the Flory-Rehner model suggested reduced equilibrium swelling by factor 6 of the DATT-functionalized materials in water. The functionalized gelatins could be synthesized by chemoselective coupling of the free carboxylic acid groups of DAT and DATT to the free amino groups of gelatin. At 25 wt.-% water content, the simulated and experimentally determined elastic mechanical properties (e.g. Young Modulus) were both in the order of GPa and were not influenced by the degree of aromatic modification. The experimental equilibrium degree of swelling in water decreased with increasing the number of inserted aromatic functions (from 2800 vol.-% for pure gelatin to 300 vol.-% for the DATT modified gelatin), at the same time, Young’s modulus, elongation at break, and maximum tensile strength increased. It could be show that the functionalization with DAT and DATT influences the chain organization of gelatin based materials together with a controlled drying condition. Functionalization with DAT and DATT lead to a drastic reduction of helical renaturation, that could be more finely controlled by the applied drying conditions. The properties of the materials could then be influenced by application of two independent methods. Composite materials of DAT and DATT functionalized gelatins with hydroxyapatite (HAp) show a drastic reduction of swelling degree. In tensile tests and rheological measurements, the composites equilibrated in water had increased Young’s moduli (from 200 kPa up to 2 MPa) and tensile strength (from 57 kPa up to 1.1 MPa) compared to the natural polymer matrix without affecting the elongation at break. Furthermore, an increased thermal stability from 40 °C to 85 °C of the networks could be demonstrated. The differences of the behaviour of the functionalized gelatins to pure gelatin as matrix suggested an additional stabilizing bond between the incorporated aromatic groups to the hydroxyapatite.
Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung von durch spezifische physikalische Wechselwirkungen quervernetzten Gelatine-basierten Materialien. Dazu wurden zunächst Computermodelle entwickelt, mit denen Eigenschaften der Materialien vorhergesagt werden sollten, um so eine wissensbasierte Entwicklung zu ermöglichen, um dann die Ergebnisse mit experimentellen Daten zu vergleichen und die Materialien und Modelle als Grundlage für weitere Entwicklungen zu nutzen. Gelatine wurde mit Desaminotyrosin (DAT) und Desaminotyrosyltyrosin (DATT) funktionalisiert, die sich von der natürlichen Aminosäure Tyrosin ableiten. Diese Gruppen können potentiell π-π Wechselwirkungen und Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen auch unter physiologischen Bedingungen eingehen. Es wurden Computersimulationen der Materialien mittels Moleküldynamik durchgeführt, wobei Modelle mit 0.8 Gew.-% und 25 Gew.-% Wassergehalt betrachtet wurden. Die Validierung der Modelle erfolgte durch Vergleich der errechneten mit experimentellen Daten wie z.B. der Dichte, Bindungswinkeln sowie Röntgenstreuungsspektren. Die Modelle wurden dann zur Vorhersage der molekularen Organisation der Polymerketten, Formierung physikalischer Netzpunkte und Berechnung der mechanischen Eigenschaften eingesetzt. Die Funktionalisierung der Gelatine mit DAT bzw. DATT führten wie gewünscht zur Ausbildung physikalischer Netzpunkte durch π-π Wechselwirkungen und Wasserstoffbrücken¬bindungen. Ein Schlüsselergebnis der Simulationen war, dass mit zunehmender Zahl an aromatischen Gruppen auch eine Zunahme der physikalischen Netzpunkte beobachtet werden konnte. Die funktionalisierten Gelatinen konnten durch chemoselektive Reaktion der Aminogruppen der Gelatine mit den freien Carboxylgruppen von DAT und DATT hergestellt werden. Materialien mit 25 Gew.-% Wassergehalt hatten in der Simulation und im Experiment mechanische Eigenschaften derselben Größenordnung (z.B. E-Moduln im unteren GPa-Bereich). Der Quellungsgrad der Materialien im Experiment nahm mit zunehmender Zahl an aromatische Gruppen ab (von 2800 Vol.-% auf 300 Vol.-%), wobei der Elastizitätsmodul, die Bruchdehnung sowie die Zugfestigkeit zunahmen. Die Funktionalisierung der Gelatine ist eine chemische Methode, um die Kettenanordnung auf molekularer Ebene zu beeinflussen, während die genaue Kontrolle der Trocknungs¬bedinguungen von Gelatine-basierten Materialien eine physikalische Methode mit demselben Ziel ist. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Funktionalisierung von Gelatine mit DAT oder DATT zu einer stark verminderten Helixausbildungstendenz, die jedoch durch Variation der Trocknunsgbedingungen noch fein abgestimmt werden konnte. Somit konnten die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Filmen aus funktionlisierter Gelatine mit zwei unabhängigen Methoden eingestellt werden. Komposite der mit DAT oder DATT funktionalisierten Gelatine und Hydroxyapatit (HAp) zeigten deutlich verringerter Quellung. In Zugdehnungsexperimenten und rheologischen Untersuchungen zeigten die Komposite im Gleichgewichtsquellungszustand erhöhte Elastizitätsmoduln (von 200 kPa auf bis zu 2 MPa) und Zugfestigkeit (von 57 kPa auf bis zu 1.1 MPa). Darüber hinaus konnte die Übergangstemperatur Tc deutlich gesteigert werden (von ca. 40 °C auf > 85 °C). Dieses Verhalten ließ sich auf stabilisierende Bindungen zwischen den aromatische Gruppen und dem HAp zurückführen.

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Hahlen, Katrin. "Crosslinking studies on the conventional kinesin of Neurospora crassa." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-26196.

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25

Chiniwalla, Punit Paresh. "Crosslinking of polynorbornene based dielectrics for application in microelectronics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11313.

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Xu, Jinye, and 徐金叶. "Two-photon photochemical crosslinking-based fabrication of protein microstructures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47179223.

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One of the challenges in tissue engineering is to fabricate scaffolds which can mimic the natural microenvironments of cells. In a cell niche, biophysical and mechanical cues are crucial factors influencing cell functions. Given the complexity of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) engineered ECMs providing controllable biophysical and mechanical cues are appealing both in enhancing the understanding of cell-matrix interaction and in controlling cell fates in vitro. The ultimate goal of our study is to establish a platform as an engineered ECM by fabricating customized solid protein microstructures from solution using two-photon photochemical crosslinking, a novel laser-based freeform fabrication technique. In this study, protein structures varying from submicron lines, 2D micropatterns and microporous matrices, to 3D micropillars were successfully fabricated, demonstrating freeform fabrication capability with two-photon photochemical crosslinking. Two-photon fluorescent imaging and scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based microstructural characterization revealed that power, scan speed, total exposure time and concentrations of protein (bovine serum albumin) and photosensitizer (rose Bengal) in the solution were crucial processing parameters in this fabrication technique. Quantitative imaging analysis showed that porosity of protein matrices was highly dependent on processing parameters including power, scan speed, number of cycles in time series scan and protein concentrations in the solution. An atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based step change nano-compression test was used to measure the reduced elastic modulus of 3D viscoelastic protein micro-pillars fabricated, as a pilot study. Microporous protein matrices and 3D micropillar arrays fabricated with two-photon photochemical crosslinking can be used as engineered ECM for future study in cell-ECM interactions.
published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy

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27

Findlay, Anita. "Solid state NMR of acid anhydride/hydroxyl crosslinking systems." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6177/.

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This thesis is concerned with the study by solid-state NMR of the polymers formed by acid anhydride/hydroxyl cross-linking systems. The polymers studied in this thesis are based on a copolymer containing either itaconic or maleic anhydride which cross-Jinks with a polyester tipped with triethanolamine. The mobility of the polyester chains in the cross-linked films is probed by solid-state NMR, and the kinetics of the cure between acid anhydride/hydroxyi systems is discussed. The degradation of the cross-Jinked films is studied by (^13)C solid-state NMR. The films are shown to undergo hydrolysis when subjected to their exposure environment. The theory behind transient nuclear Overhauser effects in the solid state is discussed, and comparisons are made between the theoretical simulations and the experimented data for the cross—linked films. Lastly, a solid-state heteronuclear NOESY experiment is presented for a (^13)C(_2)-enriched acid anhydride/hydroxyl cross-linked film.

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28

Smith, Brian McD. "Reactions of #Beta#-sulphato-ethylsulphone crosslinking agents with wool." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336014.

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29

Seymour, J. E. "Crosslinking and network formation in a model polymeric system." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382120.

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30

Taverner, Thomas. "Protein complex architecture from mass spectrometry, crosslinking and informatics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612836.

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31

Yang, Yeong-Show. "Free radical crosslinking copolymerization of styrene-unsaturated polyester resins /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487588249822242.

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32

Chiu, Yuen-Yuen. "Experimental and theoretical analysis of free radical crosslinking polymerizations /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148785841798507.

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33

Wingfield, Charles. "Fabrication of Anisotropic Sol-gel Materials by Photo-Crosslinking." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2706.

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This is a report on the fabrication and characterization of anisotropic, porous materials: functionally graded cellular and compositionally anisotropic aerogels. This new class of materials was fabricated by photopolymerization of selected regions of a homogeneous monolith using visible light. Visible light is not significantly absorbed and not significantly scattered by organic molecules and oxide nanoparticles in wet gels and it allows fabrication of deeply penetrating, well-resolved patterns. Simple variations of the exposure geometry allowed fabrication of a wide variety of anisotropic materials without requiring layers or bonding.

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34

Vargas, Marian. "Photocrosslinking of polyesters with phenylene bisacrylate groups." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26948.

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35

Matsubayashi, Yoshiaki. "The lithographic behaviour and the mechanisms of radiation-induced crosslinking and main-chain scission of chlorinated polymethylstyrenes." Thesis, University of Kent, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235981.

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36

Wilson, Abby. "An investigation into the use of Laser Speckle Interferometry for the analysis of corneal deformation with relation to biomechanics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28380.

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There has been widespread interest in corneal biomechanics over recent years, driven largely by the advancements in, and the popularity of refractive surgery techniques and subsequent concerns over their safety. Lately there has been interest into whether crosslinking, which is currently used for the treatment of keratoconus, could be developed as a minimally invasive technique to change the refractive power of the cornea by selectively changing the corneal biomechanics in specific regions to induce a shape change. Successful application of this technique requires a detailed understanding of corneal biomechanics and so far, little is known about the biomechanics of this complex tissue. The current lack of understanding can be mostly attributed to the absence of a suitable measurement technique capable of examining the dynamic behaviour of the cornea under physiological loading conditions. This thesis describes the development of a novel full-field, ex vivo, measurement method incorporating speckle interferometric techniques, to examine the biomechanics of the cornea before and after crosslinking in response to hydrostatic pressure fluctuations representative of those that occur in vivo during the cardiac cycle. The eventual measurement system used for the experiments detailed in this thesis incorporated; an Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer (ESPI), a Lateral Shearing Interferometer (LSI) and a fringe projection shape measurement system. The combination of these systems enabled the 3-dimensional components of surface displacement and the 1st derivative of surface displacement to be determined in response to small pressure fluctuations up to 1 mmHg in magnitude. The use of both ESPI and LSI together also enabled the applicability of LSI for measurement of non-flat surfaces to be assessed, and limitations and error sources to be identified throughout this work. To enable the measurement of corneal biomechanics, part of this thesis was concerned with the design of a bespoke loading rig. A chamber was designed that could accommodate tissue of both porcine and human origin. This chamber was linked to a hydraulic loading rig, whereby the cornea could be held at a baseline pressure representative of normal intraocular pressure and small pressure variations could be introduced by the automated vertical movement of the reservoir supplying the chamber. Experiments were conducted on a range of non-biological samples with both flat and curved surface topography, and both uniform and non-uniform mechanical properties, to determine if the measurement configuration was giving the expected measurement data and the loading rig was stable and repeatable. Following experiments on non-biological samples, a range of experiments were conducted on porcine corneas to develop a suitable testing methodology and address some of the challenges associated with corneal measurement, including transparency and hydration instability. During these investigations, a suitable surface coating was identified to generate an adequate return signal from the corneal surface, while not interfering with the response. Alongside this, the natural variation in the response of the cornea was investigated over the total experimental time, and a range of data was presented on corneas before and after crosslinking, which confirmed the suitability of the measurement methods for the assessment of crosslinking. Ultimately, a small sample size of six human corneas were investigated before and after crosslinking in specific topographic locations. From the experiments on human and porcine corneas, full-field maps of surface deformation have been presented, and a compliant region incorporating the peripheral and limbal areas has been identified as being fundamental to the response of the cornea to small pressure fluctuations. In addition to this, the regional effects of crosslinking in four different topographic locations on corneal biomechanics have been evaluated. From this, it has been demonstrated that crosslinking in specific regions in isolation can influence the way the cornea deforms to physiological-scale fluctuations in hydrostatic pressure and this could have implications for refractive correction.

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37

Bellander, Martin. "High pressure vulcanization : crosslinking of diene rubbers without vulcanization agents." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Polymer Technology, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2713.

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High pressure vulcanization (HPV) is defined in this thesisas crosslinking of rubber materialsat elevated pressure andtemperature, without the use of any vulcanization agents. Thisis atotally new vulcanization technique, not used in theindustry today. The HPV technique,however, has an interestingpotential since no hazardous chemicals need to be handled,thematerial does not contain any additives. The phenomenon thatcertain rubber materials can be crosslinked in this way wasobserved already in the 1960s, but there has been a lack ofknowledge of the underlying reaction mechanisms, kinetics, theresulting network structure and also the correlation betweenthe molecular structure and the physical properties ofthesematerials. The purpose of this thesis is to increase theknowledge of high pressurevulcanization, with respect toreaction kinetics and mechanisms, network structure andphysical properties.

A low cis-polybutadiene was used as a model material forcrosslinking at high pressure (10-290 MPa) and temperature(240-250°C), and comparisons were made withperoxidevulcanizates. Both unfilled and carbon black filledsamples were studied. Nitrile- and styrene-butadienerubber werealso crosslinked successfully. Crosslink density is a centralconcept inthis thesis and was evaluated by swellingmeasurements. The microstructural changesoccurring duringvulcanization were studied by Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy(FTIR) and 13 C solid state nuclear magneticresonance (NMR). The mechanical propertieswere investigated bydynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing,and permanent set and stress relaxation measurements.Theprogress of the reaction proved to be well controlled by thetreatment time, temperature and pressure, resulting inmaterials with widely different properties within onesinglecompound due to the possibility of controlling thecrosslink density during the vulcanizationprocess. The reactionmechanism was shown to be of a radical type, and vinylunsaturations inthe polybutadiene are consumed concurrentlywith the crosslink formation. The effect ofpressure on thereaction is a decrease in molecular mobility, which results inhighercrosslinking reaction rate due to a decrease intermination reactions. When a carbon black filleris introduced,the number of polymer-filler interactions is increased due tothe ability of thepolymer to penetrate the carbon blackstructure under pressure. The mechanical properties areas goodas those of peroxide vulcanizates, and especially theresistance to deformation inservice-use at elevatedtemperatures suggests that the resulting material may be usedin gasketand seal applications. In spite of the difficulties ofmould sealing that arise at elevatedpressures, it was possibleto obtain vulcanized samples by common injection mouldingwithproperties comparable to those obtained by traditionalvulcanization.

Keywords:High Pressure Vulcanization, Vulcanization,Crosslinking, Pressure, Elevated Temperature, Polybutadiene,Carbon Black, Rubber-Carbon Black Interactions, CrosslinkDensity, Peroxide Vulcanization, Injection Moulding,Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber.

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38

Song, Delong. "Starch crosslinking for cellulose fiber modification and starch nanoparticle formation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39524.

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As a low cost natural polymer, starch is widely used in paper, food, adhesive, and many other industries. In order to improve the performance of starch, crosslinking is often conducted either in the processes of starch modification or during the application processes. Many crosslinkers have been developed in the past for crosslinking starch. Ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC) is one of the common crosslinkers for crosslinking starch in aqueous solutions, having been widely used as a starch crosslinking agent in paper surface coating for more than 20 years. However, the mechanisms of starch crosslinking with AZC have not been well studied. In order to optimize the crosslinking chemistry of starch and find new paths for the utilization of starch in papermaking, a better understanding of the starch crosslinking mechanism is necessary. This thesis focuses on the fundamental study of starch crosslinking in an aqueous solution and its applications in fiber surface grafting, filler modification, and starch nanoparticle formation. Particularly, the thesis contains three major parts: (1) Mechanism study of starch crosslinking induced by AZC: In this thesis, the crosslinking (or gelation) kinetics of starch/AZC blends were investigated by using rheological measurements. The evolution of viscoelastic properties of AZC solutions and the AZC-starch blends was characterized. It was found that for both AZC self-crosslinking and AZC-starch co-crosslinking, the initial bond formation rate and the gel strength had a strong power law relationship with the concentrations of both AZC and starch. It is suggested that the development of the crosslinking network is highly dependent on the AZC concentration, while the starch concentration effect is less significant. It was determined that the activation energy of AZC self-crosslinking was approximately 145-151 kJ/mol, while the activation energy of AZC-starch co-crosslinking was 139 kJ/mol. (2) Fiber and filler modifications with starch and crosslinkers: Besides reacting with starch, AZC can react with cellulose which also contains hydroxyl groups. Theoretically, it is possible to use AZC as a crosslinker / coupling agent to graft starch onto cellulose fibers. It is believed that the grafted starch on fiber surfaces can improve the fiber bonding capability. In this thesis, a facile method to graft starch onto cellulose fiber surfaces through the hydrogen bond formation among cellulose, starch and AZC was developed. Compared with the paper sheets made of fibers with an industry refining level (420 ml CSF), the paper sheets made of fibers with a much lower refining degree but with grafted starch showed higher paper strengths, including the tensile strength, stiffness and z direction tensile; meanwhile, a faster drainage rate during web formation could also be achieved. Not only can the fiber-fiber bonding be improved by grafting starch onto fiber surfaces, but the filler-fiber bonding can also be improved if starch can be effectively coated on the filler surface. This concept has been supported by the early studies. In this thesis, the effects of the crosslinking of starch in the filler modification for the papermaking application were also studied. (3) Mechanism of starch nanoparticle formation during extrusion with crosslinkers: It was reported that starch crosslinking could facilitate the reduction of starch particle size during reactive extrusion. However, the mechanism of the particle size reduction by starch crosslinking was not illustrated. The reason that the crosslinking can cause the particle size reduction of starch during extrusion is fundamentally interesting. In this thesis, the mechanism of starch particle size reduction during extrusion with and without crosslinkers was investigated by identifying the contributions of thermal and mechanical effects. The effects of extrusion conditions, including temperature, screw speed, torque, starch water content and crosslinker addition, on the particle size were studied. It was found that the addition of crosslinkers could significantly increase the shear force (torque), and consequently facilitate the reduction of the particle size. The results indicate that for extrusion without a crosslinker, the starch particle size decreased with the increase of temperature. At 100 degree Celsius, the starch particles with a size of 300 nm could be obtained. With the addition of appropriate crosslinkers (glyoxal), the starch particle size could be reduced to around 160 nm, even at a lower extrusion temperature of 75 degree Celsius .

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39

Trieselmann, Bruce Andrew. "Characterization of snoRNA-binding proteins by UV-crosslinking in vitro." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ31908.pdf.

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40

Bilgen, Mustafa. "Wrinkle Recovery for Cellulosic Fabric by Means of Ionic Crosslinking." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04202005-140912/.

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When treated with formaldehyde-based crosslinkers, cellulosic fabrics show improved mechanical stability, wrinkle recovery angles and durable press performance, but N-methylol treatment also causes fabrics to lose strength and later to release formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. We have discovered that ionic crosslinks can stabilize cellulose using high or low molecular weight ionic materials which do not release hazardous reactive chemicals, but at the same time provide improved wrinkle recovery angles as well as complete strength retention in treated goods. We have varied polyelectrolyte, the ionic content of fabrics, and various features of the application procedure to optimize the results and to develop an in-depth fundamental physical and chemical understanding of the stabilization mechanism.

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41

Jones, Jeffrey R. "Modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) through thermal and photochemical crosslinking." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30045.

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42

Rodriguez-Fernandez, Oliverio S. "Aminosilane crosslinking of plasticised poly(vinylchloride) : processing, properties and characterization." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10881.

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The extensive use of Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is partly due to the modification of properties which is possible by the addition of plasticizer. Although plasticized PVC is used at temperatures well above Tg, the properties are favourable and the material has a rubberlike behaviour. This is generally considered to be due to the presence of a physical network consisting of small crystallites. However, its service range is limited by its thermoplastic nature. At temperatures above 100 C it has a tendency to flow and to have a reduced mechanical strength. One way to increase the maximum temperature of plasticized PVC is to introduce a permanent chemical network. The reaction of plasticized PVC with [N-(2-amino ethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane] yielded si lane-grafted PVC that was crosslinked by a hydrolitic mechanism. The grafting of the aminosilane was carried out during processing in both a roll mill followed by compression moulding and in a single screw extruder. A controlled reaction was observed when a tin stabilizer was selected. It was found that other thermal stabilizers accelerate the grafting reaction, but destabilize the polymer. The crosslinking of the grafted PVC has been studied in water at different temperatures. The crosslinking occurred faster at high temperatures and was diffusion controlled.....

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43

Hardie, Sharon Shillinglaw. "Nucleotide analogues as reagents for site-specific protein-DNA crosslinking." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394811.

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44

Mateos, Ana Rodriguez. "Tyrosine crosslinking of wheat gluten proteins and its functional significance." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434111.

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45

Song, John Whachong. "Effect of crosslinking on aramid composites and ballistic impact resistance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15021.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.
Bibliography: leaves 63-64.
by John Whachong Song.
M.S.

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46

Hider, Jennifer Agnes. "Analysis of a thermosetting polyester resin with novel crosslinking agent." Thesis, Kingston University, 2003. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20711/.

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A novel crosslinking agent, 2,4-diallyloxy-6-diethylaminotriazine, was used for the cure of unsaturated polyester resins based on maleic anhydride. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the chemical structure of these cured resins. The analysis of thermosets is difficult because once cured the resin is both insoluble and infusible. An analytical strategy was devised to overcome these difficulties by using several different approaches. Spectroscopy formed an important part of this investigation. Both NMR and FT-IR were used to characterise the precursor materials and FT-IR spectroscopy for the final products. This technique was also used to monitor the curing reaction in conjunction with DSC studies. These studies showed that other chemical changes were taking place as well as the expected loss of the carbon double bonds. The extent of cure of these resins is usually determined by a solvent extraction method and this was followed by C,H,N analysis of both the soluble and insoluble (gel) fraction. An HPLC method was developed to measure the amount of unreacted monomer in the extract. Further information on the cured structure could only be obtained by destructive methods and both chemical and thermal degradation methods were examined. The attempt to release the crosslinking chain from the cured polyester by alkaline hydrolysis was unsuccessful because the cyanurate links were found to be more susceptible to hydrolysis than the phthalate and maleate links. Pyrolysis of the resins gave an extremely complex mixture of products. Many of the products identified for the resins were also identified when a homopolymer of 2,4- diallyloxy-o-diethylaminotriazine was pyrolysed. These included aromatic and other ring structures. This evidence in conjunction with the spectroscopic studies suggested that the monomer did not produce linear crosslinking chains but that several monomer units were linked together to form a three-dimensional structure which acted as a crosslinking junction for the linear polyester chains and that this structure was likely to involve some fused rings. A further aim of this research was to review the methods currently available for the analysis of thermosets and make recommendations based on this study and the literature search to other analysts dealing with this class of materials. There have been major developments in spectroscopic techniques which mean that far more data can now be obtained on these systems than previously. FT-IR spectroscopy is probably the most applicable method. There are also major developments in the use of pyrolysis with GC and/or MS, but interpretation of these results with respect to the original structure requires care. Development of chemical modification methods are continuing, particularly on the small scale for identification of components by GC. In the case of structural analysis, once an appropriate method for cleaving the structure has been obtained, then spectroscopic analysis of the products can provide a great deal of information, particularly NMR spectroscopy.

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47

Zhang, Yujie, and Lihong Fu. "Study on Self-crosslinking of Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidating Collagen - 192." Verein für Gerberei-Chemie und -Technik e. V, 2019. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34311.

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Content: The utilization of mink waste generated through the industrial process attracted both industry and academia interests. In this study, the use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent onto collagen producing self-crosslinking which extracting from mink solid waste was studied by infrared spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and thermal properties. The effect of hydrogen peroxide dosage and reaction temperature on the degree of oxidative self-crosslinking of collagen was analyzed by the changes of molecular structure and thermal stability. It was found that, hydroxide groups on the collagen side-chains can be oxidized to aldehyde groups and carboxyl groups by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline environment. These oxidized groups can crosslink with functional groups on collagen by covalent bond and ionic bond, changing collagen molecular structure and improving thermal stability. When the dosage of hydrogen peroxide was 14.74% and reaction temperature was 40℃ ±, the oxidative self-crosslinking of collagen was the strongest. This study provided theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of mink wastes. Take-Away: 1. The oxidative self-crosslink of collagen extracted mink solid waste was studied. 2. Hydrogen peroxide was applied as environment friendly oxidant. 3. The change of functional groups and degree of crosslinks during the oxidation was studied via infrared, fluorescence spectrum and differential scanning calorimetry.

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48

Mirous, Brian K. "SYNTHESIS AND PRESUMPTIVE CROSSLINKING OF STIMULI-RESPONSIVE DIBLOCK POLYMER BRUSHES." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1144783034.

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49

Koeth, Richard A. II. "The Green Functionalization and Crosslinking of Polyisobutylenes for Bioadhesive Employment." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1353178867.

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50

Hutson, Leslie K. "Synthesis of Benzoxazoles Containing Allyl Crosslinking Sites via Claisen Rearrangements." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright974400715.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Crosslinking'

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