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Journal articles on the topic 'Crossed squares'
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Temel, Sedat, Tunşar Şahan, and Osman Mucuk. "Crossed modules, double group-groupoids and crossed squares." Filomat 34, no. 6 (2020): 1755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2006755t.
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The purpose of this paper is to obtain the notion of crossed module over group-groupoids considering split extensions and prove a categorical equivalence between these types of crossed modules and double group-groupoids. This equivalence enables us to produce various examples of double groupoids. We also prove that crossed modules over group-groupoids are equivalent to crossed squares.
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Ellis, Graham. "Crossed squares and combinatorial homotopy." Mathematische Zeitschrift 214, no. 1 (September 1993): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02572393.
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Temel, Sedat. "Crossed squares, crossed modules over groupoids and cat1−2−groupoids." Categories and General Algebraic Structures with Application 13, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/cgasa.13.1.125.
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Sterck, Florence. "Crossed squares of cocommutative Hopf algebras." Journal of Algebra 584 (October 2021): 270–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2021.05.018.
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Arvasi, Z., and E. Ulualan. "Quadratic and 2-Crossed Modules of Algebras." Algebra Colloquium 14, no. 04 (December 2007): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386707000624.
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In this work, we define the quadratic modules for commutative algebras and give relations among 2-crossed modules, crossed squares, quadratic modules and simplicial commutative algebras with Moore complex of length 2.
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Gilbert, N. D., and P. J. Higgins. "The non-abelian tensor product of groups and related constructions." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 31, no. 1 (January 1989): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500007515.
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The tensor product of two arbitrary groups acting on each other was introduced by R. Brown and J.-L. Loday in [5, 6]. It arose from consideration of the pushout of crossed squares in connection with applications of a van Kampen theorem for crossed squares. Special cases of the product had previously been studied by A. S.-T. Lue [10] and R. K. Dennis [7]. The tensor product of crossed complexes was introduced by R. Brown and the second author [3] in connection with the fundamental crossed complex π(X) of a filtered space X, which also satisfies a van Kampen theorem. This tensor product provides an algebraic description of the crossed complex π(X ⊗ Y) and gives a symmetric monoidal closed structure to the category of crossed complexes (over groupoids). Both constructions involve non-abelian bilinearity conditions which are versions of standard identities between group commutators. Since any group can be viewed as a crossed complex of rank 1, a close relationship might be expected between the two products. One purpose of this paper is to display the direct connections that exist between them and to clarify their differences.
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Hardge, T., K. Koepke, M. Reissmann, and K. Wimmers. "Maternal influences on litter size and growth in reciprocal crossed Miniature Pigs and Durocs." Archives Animal Breeding 42, no. 1 (October 10, 1999): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-42-83-1999.
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Abstract. In order to demonstrate the potential power of maternal effects on litter size and growth in pigs a reciprocal cross of Berlin Miniature Pigs and Durocs was carried out. The average body weight of the Duroc dams (151 kg) was more than three times higher than the weight of the Miniature Pig dams (48 kg). A considerable maternal effect on fertility, estimated from reciprocal crossbred differences in the litter size of 3.5 piglets was found. The least Squares means of birth weight were 1.18 kg and 0.75 kg for Fl animals bom from Duroc dams and Miniature Pig dams, respectively. This maternal caused disadvantage in body weight of crossbred offspring from Miniature Pig dams is compensated in the interval from weaning to the 13th week of age. The end weight estimated by means of Gompertz and Bertalanffy growth functions showed only minor differences between the reciprocal crossed groups in favour of Fl born from Duroc dams. Our data suggest that the uterine capacity of the dam could play an important role in the fertility of extreme breed crosses. Concerning growth performance the milk yield of the sow and the influence of the birthweight of the piglets were discussed.
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Arvasi, Zekeriya, and Erdal Ulualan. "Homotopical aspects of commutative algebras I: freeness conditions for crossed squares." Journal of Homotopy and Related Structures 10, no. 3 (December 13, 2013): 495–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40062-013-0070-3.
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SHEKHAWAT, NEELAM, HEMLATA SHARMA, and K. S. CHANDRAWAT. "Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its component traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 8 (March 28, 2022): 952–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i8.96674.
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Ten diverse lines of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.] were crossed in diallel mating design excluding reciprocals during winter (rabi) season 2014–15 to study heterosis and combining ability. The mean squares due to genotypes including parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses were significant for all the traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant mean sum of squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for most of the characters at all three environments, except mean sum of squares due to GCA for length of siliqua in E3 environment and mean sum of squares due to SCA for plant height in E1 and for number of secondary branches per plant in E3 environment. In pooled analysis, mean squares due to GCA, SCA, GCA × E and SCA × E were significant for all the eight characters except SCA × E for plant height and GCA × E for protein content. The estimates of GCA effects revealed that parents, viz. Pusa Vijay, PM-30 and Bio-902 were good general combiners for yield contributing traits and the best specific cross combinations for yield and its attributing traits were PM-27 × RGN-229, PM-27 × RGN-73, Pusa Vijay × Laxmi, Pusa Vijay × DRMR-IJ-31 and Pusa Vijay × RGN-73 on the basis of pooled analysis. The crosses Bio-902 × RGN-48, PM-30 × Bio-902 and Bio-902 × RGN-73 exhibited highest and positive significant heterotic effects for seed yield per plant and its important component traits. These F1s may be exploited for obtaining transgressive segregants for development of hybrid varieties in Indian mustard.
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Mutlu, A., and T. Porter. "Freeness Conditions for Crossed Squares and Squared Complexes Dedicated to Professor Daniel Quillen on his Sixtieth Birthday." K-Theory 20, no. 4 (August 2000): 345–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1026535602325.
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Rameeh, Valiollah. "Combining ability and heritability estimates of main agronomic characters in rapeseed breeding lines using line × tester analysis." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 57, no. 3 (2012): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1203111r.
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To estimate the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects of plant height, yield components, seed yield and oil content, three testers and six lines of spring type of rapeseed varieties were crossed using line ? tester fashion. Significant mean squares of parents and crosses for all the traits indicated significant genetic variation among the parents and their F1 crosses. Significant mean squares of parents vs crosses revealed significant average heterosis for all the traits except seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and oil content. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod, indicating the importance of additive genetic effects for these traits. Due to more importance of additive genetic effects for most of the traits, only a few of the crosses exhibited significant SCA effects. A significant positive correlation between seed yield and some of yield components including pods on main axis, pods per plant and 1000-seed weight indicates that these traits can be used as suitable selection criteria for improving of seed yield. The crosses including Opt ? R01, RG06 ? R01, RG06 ? R08 and RGS3 ? R08 with 3241.91, 3213.68, 3334.28 and 3237.45 kg ha-1 of seed yield detected as prior combinations for improving of this trait and all of these combinations had also positive SCA effect for this trait.
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Widyastuti, Yuni. "PREDICTION OF COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN THE SELECTED PARENTS AND HYBRIDS IN RICE (Oryza Sativa.L)." Informatika Pertanian 26, no. 1 (October 20, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v26n1.2017.p31-40.
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<p>Selection of parents based on their combining ability is an effective approach in hybrid breeding. Four CMS and four restorer lines were crossed in line x tester mating design to obtain 16 F1 hybrids rice. The 8 parental lines and 16 hybrids rice were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Kuningan and Muara field station of ICRR during 2012-2013. The results revealed that mean squares for GCA were significant for number of fertile spikelet per panicle, a thousand-grains weight, and 50% days of flowering. Mean squares for SCA were significant for plant height and grain yield. Parental lines exhibited the highest GCA effects for GMJ12A (line) and CRS703 (tester) for grain yield trait and revealed good potential to be used as parents for hybrid rice. Among all the crosses, GMJ6A/CRS707 and GMJ12A/CRS707 showed the greatest positive SCA effects for grain yield and had heterosis over better parent and midparent.</p>
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Stojanović, Nikola M., Pavle J. Randjelović, and Niko S. Radulović. "Correlation between Two Parameters of Mice Behaviour in the Open Field Test." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afmnai-2017-0032.
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Summary The open field test is being used extensively for the determination of different aspects of animal behaviour for over seventy years. The correlation between different behavioural parameters obtained in this test, although previously studied, is still debatable. Thus, we aimed to analyze and correlate behaviour scores to estimate the importance of individual parameters in this type of experiment. The open field test was performed on male BALB/c mice treated with either saline (10 ml/kg) or diazepam (2 mg/kg), one hour before the experiment. The behaviour scores (number of squares crossed and rearings performed) obtained either by video recording or direct observation, during a five-minute experiment, were compared using a t-test and were tested for correlation. As expected, diazepam caused an increase in the number of squares crossed and rearings performed by the animals. The number of rearings was statistically different between the groups monitored in two different ways. The correlations between the behaviour scores obtained in the two modes of monitoring for all groups were moderate/strong positive ones. The correlation analyses revealed that the amount of information conveyed by a single behaviour parameter, either the number of squares crossed or the number of rearings, could be sufficient to estimate the animals’ motor activity in the open field test. Also, the results of this test could provide clues to very important piece of information in drug discovery, i.e. the general animal behaviour under the influence of CNS acting drugs in an experiment.
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Abdel-Moneam, M. A., M. S. Sultan, and E. S. Dehaina. "Parents’ Performance and F1 Crosses For Several Bread Wheat Cultivars Under Varying Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 904, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/904/1/012022.
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Abstract Six bread wheat varieties representing different traits were crossed in a half-diallel in 2017/2018 season. The 6 parents and its 15 F1 crosses were evaluated under normal and N-stress conditions in 2018/2019 season, to study the mean performance and the combining ability for earliness and morpho-physiological traits and biomass yield of wheat under normal and N-stress conditions. Mean squares of genotypes, parents, crosses, and parents versus crosses were significant or highly significant for most of the studied traits and biological yield under both conditions, reflecting a sort of heterosis for these characters. Mean squares of GCA and SCA were significant or highly significant for most of the studied traits under both conditions, indicating the presence of both additive and non-additive types of genes in the genetic system controlling these traits. The best general combiners were P1 (Giza 168) and P2 (Sakha 94) at both conditions, P3 (Shandweel 1) at N-stress, and P4 (Gemmeiza 11) at normal condition for earliness and P6 (Misr 1) at both conditions and P5 (Sids 12) at N-stress and P3 (Shandweel 1) at normal condition for biomass yield plant-1. The best cross combinations were crosses No.3 (P1xP4), No.5 (P1xP6), No.6 (P2xP3), No.7 (P1xP2), No.8 (P2xP5) and No.11 (P3xP5) under N-stress for earliness; and crosses No.3 (P1xP4), No.7 (P2xP4), No.8 (P2xP5), No.12 (P3xP6), No.14 (P4xP6) and No.15 (P5xP6) at both conditions, and cross No.2 (P1xP3) under N-stress for biomass yield plant-1.
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Wais, Sabah Ibrahim, and Pirzheen Ageed Mohammed. "Influence of Magnetic Field on Characteristics of Corona Discharge in Wire-Cylinder Electrodes Configuration." Plasma 4, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 764–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma4040039.
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The behavior of corona discharge was investigated in wire–cylinder electrodes under the effect of a crossed magnetic field. Townsend’s formula was used commonly with a modified empirical formula to evaluate the different parameters of corona discharge in positive and negative discharge. By using a least-squares fitting, the dimensional constants A, K, and the exponent n displayed a significant dependence on the applied magnetic field. An improvement of pre-breakdown has been achieved by using a crossed magnetic field. For both polarities, while the magnetic field is present, breakdown voltage VB and corona inception voltage V0 increased, whereas the corona current decreases. In addition, the corona inception voltage was greater in positive corona in the absence of a magnetic field, while the opposite occurred regarding the crossed magnetic field. Furthermore, the breakdown streamer demonstrated significant triggering in the negative corona by applying the magnetic field.
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Ortiz, Alberto, Lucía León, Rebeca Contador, and David Tejerina. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a Tool for Classification of Pre-Sliced Iberian Salchichón, Modified Atmosphere Packaged (MAP) According to the Official Commercial Categories of Raw Meat." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081865.
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This study evaluates near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) feasibility in combination with various pre-treatments and chemometric approaches for pre-sliced Iberian salchichón under modified atmosphere (MAP) classification according to the official commercial category (defined by the combination of genotype and feeding regime) of the raw material used for its manufacturing (Black and Red purebred Iberian and Iberian × Duroc crossed (50%) pigs, respectively, reared outdoors in a Montanera system and White Iberian × Duroc crossed (50%) pigs with feed based on commercial fodder) without opening the package. In parallel, NIRS feasibility in combination with partial least squares regression (PLSR) to predict main quality traits was assessed. The best-fitting models developed by means of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) yielded high discriminant ability and thus offered a tool to support the assignment of pre-sliced MAP Iberian salchichón according to the commercial category of the raw material. In addition, good predictive ability for C18:3 n-3 was obtained, which may help to support quality control.
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M S, Abd EL-Aty, El Hity M A, M. I. Abo-Youssef, M. A. Abo Omar, and M. M. Kamara. "Genetic behavior of rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under normal and infested weed conditions." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 6 (September 14, 2020): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i6.104787.
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A field study was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during 2016-17 summer, to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects as well as identify type of gene action controlling the inheritance of the studied traits under normal and infested weed conditions. Seven a diverse rice (Oryza sativa L.) parent’s were crossed using half diallel cross method without reciprocals to produce 21 F1 crosses during 2016 season. The seven parents and their 21 F1 crosses were evaluated under normal and infested weed conditions using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during 2017. Highly significant differences were observed among genotypes, parents and crosses for all the studied traits. Moreover, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits under both conditions. The best general combiner for earliness and short stature was Sakha 103 variety. The highest desirable SCA effects were obtained by the crosses; Egyptian Yasmin × Dullar, Sakha 104 × Egyptian Yasmin, Egyptian Yasmin × Rikuto Norin 22 and Giza 177 × Rikuto Norin 22 for flag leaf area, No. of panicles/plant and grain yield/plant. These crosses could be utilized in rice breeding program for improving grain yield trait under normal and infested weed conditions.
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Mlynek, J., K. Vavrisínová, V. Zimmermann, P. Juhás, P. Strapák, J. Bulla, and O. Debrecéni. "The behavior evaluation in pigs." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 18, no. 1-2 (2002): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0202039m.
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Habituation test with the open field method was used for the early classification of the pigs' predisposition to stress. 40 dam White purebred pigs and 14 heads of final hybrid Seghers were tested and divided to two groups according to motor activity, by crossing more or less number of squares. We have found of considerable differences of the number of crossed squares and the quantity of excrements between groups. No differences were found in fattening, carcass and quality of pork traits, despite some increased values of fattening and carcass parameters in group with higher locomotion activity.
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Kaur, Gurmanik, Ajat Shatru Arora, and Vijender Kumar Jain. "Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Models for Prediction of BP Reactivity to Crossed Legs." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2187904.
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Crossing the legs at the knees, during BP measurement, is one of the several physiological stimuli that considerably influence the accuracy of BP measurements. Therefore, it is paramount to develop an appropriate prediction model for interpreting influence of crossed legs on BP. This research work described the use of principal component analysis- (PCA-) fused forward stepwise regression (FSWR), artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) models for prediction of BP reactivity to crossed legs among the normotensive and hypertensive participants. The evaluation of the performance of the proposed prediction models using appropriate statistical indices showed that the PCA-based LS-SVM (PCA-LS-SVM) model has the highest prediction accuracy with coefficient of determination (R2) = 93.16%, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.27, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 5.71 for SBP prediction in normotensive subjects. Furthermore, R2 = 96.46%, RMSE = 0.19, and MAPE = 1.76 for SBP prediction and R2 = 95.44%, RMSE = 0.21, and MAPE = 2.78 for DBP prediction in hypertensive subjects using the PCA-LSSVM model. This assessment presents the importance and advantages posed by hybrid computing models for the prediction of variables in biomedical research studies.
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Broucek, J., S. Mihina, M. Uhrincat, P. Kisac, A. Hanus, and V. Tancin. "The effect of sire line on growth, ambulating in novel environment and maze learning in heifers." Archives Animal Breeding 47, no. 1 (October 10, 2004): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-47-37-2004.
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Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sire's lineage on live body growth, movement in open-field arena and time of acrossing the maze of heifers. 54 Holstein heifers, which descended from 7 sires, were used. The highest growth from the birth to 21 months was found in the progeny of sire D, the lowest growth in daughters of sire line B (0.74 ± 0.05 kg vs. 0.62 ± 0.08 kg; P < 0.01). Number of crossed squares in open-field tests did not vary significantly among sire lines. Significant differences were found among sires in the time across of the maze (P < 0.01). Daughters after F and E sires solved the maze more quickly then the others. We found significant relationships between a number of crossed squares during 5 minute open-field test and daily weight gains from the birth to the 6th month of life (r = 0.3712** at the age of 16 weeks and r = 0.3792** at the age of 18 months). Under consideration of the low number of animals analyses showed, that sire's lineage has impact on the growth and maze behaviour.
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Mangi, G. S., Z. A. Soomro, G. M. Baloch, Q. D. Chachar, and S. N. Mari. "Hybrid vigor and its deterioration in intraspecific populations of upland cotton." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.2.
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Seven lines (‘VH-292’, ‘VH-259’, ‘Bt-802’, ‘Sadori’, ‘Shahbaz’, ‘CRIS-342’, and ‘Bt.ZZ.NL-370’), and three testers (‘VH-291’, ‘FH-113’, and ‘IR-3701’) of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were crossed through line-by-tester mating to produce 21 F1 hybrids. The lines, testers, and their F1 and F2 populations were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan, in consecutive cropping seasons. Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes (including parental lines, testers, and their 21 F1 and F2 populations) and parent vs. hybrids differed significantly for all the studied traits, except for plant height in the F2 population and sympodial branches plant−1 in the F1 and F2 populations. Lines ‘VH-292’ and ‘VH-259’ and testers ‘VH-291’ and ‘FH-113’ exhibited higher plant height, sympodial branches, bolls plant−1, and boll weight than other genotypes and were identified as suitable parental genotypes for hybridization. The F1 and F2 populations of ‘VH-292’ × ‘VH-291’ and ‘VH-292’ × ‘FH-113’ produced more sympodial branches, bolls plant−1, and seed cotton yield plant−1 than other crosses. The F1 hybrid of ‘Bt-802’ × ‘VH-291’ and the F2 population of the ‘Sadori’ × ‘VH-291’ cross produced higher boll weight than other genotypes. Overall, the mean performance of the F1 hybrids for all the traits was better than that of their parents and the F2 populations likely due to heterotic effects in the F1 populations and inbreeding depression in the F2 populations. The significant mean squares for parental genotypes, crosses, and parents vs. crosses indicated that the data obtained in this work are valuable for determining parental performance, hybrid evaluation, heterotic effects, and inbreeding depression. Significant mean squares due to parents vs. crosses revealed the good scope of heterotic effects in the F1 populations for all the traits.
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Lai, Mark H. C. "Correcting Fixed Effect Standard Errors When a Crossed Random Effect Was Ignored for Balanced and Unbalanced Designs." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 44, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 448–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1076998619843168.
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Previous studies have detailed the consequence of ignoring a level of clustering in multilevel models with straightly hierarchical structures and have proposed methods to adjust for the fixed effect standard errors ( SEs). However, in behavioral and social science research, there are usually two or more crossed clustering levels, such as when students are cross-classified by schools and neighborhoods, yet it is not uncommon that researchers focus only on one level of clustering. Using the generalized least squares framework, in this study, we derive the bias in the fixed effect SE estimators when one crossed random effect is omitted. We then showed, using data from the Scotland Neighborhood Study, how one can correct for the SEs and obtain corrected statistical inference when a misspecified two-level model was used in a primary study, which is useful when evaluating observational studies or cluster randomized trials that ignored a crossed random effects or when conducting meta-analyses. In addition, our analytic results provide theoretical insights on how one can quantify imbalance with cross-classified data by the strength of association between the two-crossed random effects in a contingency table and how the degree of imbalance relates to the correction factor for the fixed effect SEs.
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SUHARJO, B., LA MBAU, and N. K. K. ARDANA. "PEMANTAUAN PERSAMAAN MODEL STRUKTURAL DALAM DATA ORDINAL." Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmap.8.1.21-36.
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Structural equation modeling (SEM) is one of multivariate techniques that can estimates a series of interrelated dependence relationships from a number of endogenous and exogenous variables, as well as latent (unobserved) variables simultaneously. To estimates their parameters, SEM based on structure covariance matrix, there are severals methods can be used as estimation methods, namely maximum likelihood (ML), weighted least squares (WLS), generalized least squares (GLS) and unweighted least squares (ULS). The purpose of this paper are to learn these methods in estimating SEM parameters and to compare their consistency, accuracy and sensitivity based on sample size and multinormality assumption of observed variables. Using a fully crossed design, data were generated for 2 conditions of normality and 5 different sample sizes. The result showed that when data are normally distributed, ML and GLS more consistent and accurate then the other methods
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Erdal, Sekip, Mehmet Pamukcu, Ahmet Ozturk, Koksal Aydinsakir, and Yilmaz Dogu. "Morpho-physiological combining ability among tropical and temperate maize germplasm for drought tolerance." Genetika 48, no. 3 (2016): 1053–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1603053e.
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In this study, seven maize inbred lines representing different tropical, drought tolerant populations and two adapted temperate maize inbred lines were crossed in a half-diallel mating design to determine combining abilities. The genotypes were tested in well-watered (WW) and managed water stressed (WS) conditions in 2013 and 2014. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant for all investigated traits and demonstrated both additive and non-additive genetic effects in both conditions. Higher desired leaf rolling, leaf senescence, stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll content GCA effects of tropical inbreds under WS conditions showed the presence of the valuable allels related to drought stress. SCA analysis revealed that the best hybrids for water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were tropical x temperate crosses. Stress tolerance index and drought resistance index identified G5 x G9, a tropical x temperate hybrid, as the most tolerant hybrid to drought. Our study suggests that tropical drought tolerant germplasm has the potential to contribute useful genetic diversity to temperate maize breeding programs.
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Adebambo, A. O., C. O. N. Ikeobi, M. O. Ozoje, and O. A. Adebambo. "Variation in growth performance of pure and crossed meat type chickens." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 36, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v36i2.1302.
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Genetic variation from a combination of four breeds of chickens (Anak Titan, Alpha, Giriraja and Normal indigenous chickens) were examined for importance of sire, dam, season and sex on growth traits using a Mixed-model Least-Squares and Maximum LIkelihood computer program. The results show that sire and dam genotypes significantly (P<0.05) affected growth. Anak Titan cocks and hens performed best in body weight (BW) with values ranging from 38.45±0.74g and 40.21±0.66g at day old to 1135.93 35.67g and 953.38 35.38g at week 12 respectively. Normal indigenous and Alpha improved indigenous performed better in linear body parameters. Genetic correlation coefficients among parameters for all the breeds were generally high. Positive estimates ranged from 0.15 for breast girth (BG) and keel length (KL) at week four to 0.99 for BG-KL at week tweve while negative values ranged from -0.783 for body weight (BW) and wing length (WL) at week four to -0.99 for BW-BG at week twelve. Heritability estimates for body weight ranged from 0.14 at week one to 0.63 at week four. It can be concluded that appreciable variation exists for growth traits among the strains of chickens. Such variations can be utilized for improvement in the present emvironment.
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Shi, Yunmei, Lei Huang, Cheng Qian, and H. C. So. "Direction-of-arrival estimation for noncircular sources via structured least squares–based esprit using three-axis crossed array." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 51, no. 2 (April 2015): 1267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2015.140003.
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Shehzad, Aamar, Hafeez Ahmad Sadaqat, Mohsin Ali, and Muhammad Furqan Ashraf. "Combining Ability Analysis and Genetic-Effects Studies for Some Important Quality Characters in Brassica napus L." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 10 (October 2, 2015): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i10.790-795.463.
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Combining ability analysis has an important position in rapeseed breeding. To evaluate genetic and combining ability effects, three Brassica napus L. testers “Punjab Sarson, Legend and Durre-NIFA” and five lines “Duncled, K-258, ZN-R-1, ZN-R-8, ZN-M-6” were crossed using line × tester design in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Mean sum of squares of the analysis of variances (ANOVA) for genotypes was highly significant for all of the traits. Most of the lines and testers exhibited significant results of mean sum of squares for combining ability. Line ‘Duncled’ was proved good general combiner for oil (8.8), protein (3.7), erucic acid (33.0), oleic acid (13.0) and glucosinolate (-19.3) over other lines and tester ‘Durree-NIFA’ for protein (6.6), erucic acid (-23.4), and linolenic acid (-5.3) over other testers. Significant specific combining ability effects were also observed. The best hybrid combinations were Legend × ZN-R-1 for oil (9.6), Punjab Sarson × Duncled for minimum erucic acid (-14.0) and linolenic acid contents (-6.0), and Legend × ZN-M-6 for maximum protein (8.2) and minimum glucosinolate contents (-11.1). The maximum oil contents were observed in ‘Legend × ZN-R-1’ (52.4%). The cross ‘Punjab Sarson × Duncled’ expressed maximum values of protein (26.5%) and oleic acid (62.5%) while minimum for erucic acid (2.3%), linolenic acid (5.4%) and glucosinolate contents (19.3µmol/g). This research discloses the significance of non-additive genetic effects for most of the studied traits except oil contents. These studies will also help to improve nutritional values of rapeseed crop by selecting noble crosses.
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Rashkivska, I. O. "Evaluation of neurotoxic effect of synthetic pyrethroids: comparative characteristics of neurotoxic action of cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin in pre- and postnatal period." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 82-83, no. 2-3 (September 29, 2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2018-82-83-2-3-34-41.
Full textAbstract:
Synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) are insecticides used in everyday life, in rural and forestry farms. The wide use of SPs is due to their ability to rapidly biodegradate, relatively low toxicity to mammals and high insecticidal activity. Due to the similarity of neurochemical processes, these compounds may also exhibit their neurotoxic properties in non-target objects, in addition to the effects on pests. An overview ofscientific literature has shown that the best biological model for investigating the potential neurotoxic effects of SPs and extrapolation of obtained experimental data to humans is the rat. Objective — to investigate the effect of cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin in pre- and postnatal development; to conduct a comparative study of the neurotoxic properties of cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin. Methods —the article presents the data of two conducted experiments studying the neurotoxic activity of representatives ofpyrethroid insecticides — cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin. Results — it was found that cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin exhibit gender-related sensitivity: young male rats were more susceptible to cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin compared to females. The effect of cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin in the pre-and postnatal period is dose-dependent. Effect of cypermethrin in doses of 17,5 and 35 mg/kg and zeta-cypermethrin at a dose of 12,5 mg/kg in the pre- and postnatal period does not cause a neurotoxic effect in offspring. Cypermethrin exposure at a dose of 70 mg/ kg and zeta-cypermethrin exposure in doses of 35 and 70 mg/kg causes changes in behavioural reactions of offspring of both genders. Administration of cypermethrin at a dose of 70 mg/kg in the- pre and postnatal period affects motor activity and cognitive activity of young male rats (in terms of increasing the latent period of the first movement and decreasing the number of crossed squares). Administration of zeta-cypermethrin at a dose of 70 mg/kg causes in the offspring of both genders disorders in the psycho-emotional state (decrease in the parameters of the grooming), inhibition of motor and cognitive activity (decrease of the number of crossed squares and pointing for males, decrease of the number of crossed squares for females), and reduction of adaptive properties (increase of latent period of the first movement for males). Under the action of zeta-cypermethrin at a dose of 35 mg/kg in males, an increase in anxiety was observed (decrease in the total duration of the grooming). Zeta-cypermethrin showed a greater neurotoxicity on offspring compared with cypermethrin. Key words: pesticides, synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, nervous system, prenatal period, postnatal period, behavioural reactions.
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Johnsson, Carl, and Rosalia Camporeale. "Exploring Space Syntax Integration at Public Transport Hubs and Public Squares Using Drone Footage." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 6515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136515.
Full textAbstract:
Space Syntax theory is a methodological framework for describing and analysing the relationships between spaces and buildings. The fundamental building blocks of Space Syntax are called axial lines, which represent lines of sight from a specific point in space. These lines can then be used to quantitatively analyse the integration (or attractiveness) of an area. However, many public squares and transport hubs are crossed by roads which prove a hinderance when walking although not impairing the sightlines of pedestrians. The aim of this paper is to test how this limitation affects the concept and whether Space Syntax is still useful to understand how people move in such areas. Seven public squares and transport hubs in Malmö (Sweden) were selected and their Space Syntax integration was calculated. These values were compared with pedestrian detections from the same areas based on video recordings from a drone. When aggregating the areas into several levels based on their integration value, the result shows a clear link between Space Syntax integration and the number of pedestrian detections made at each location, demonstrating how this measure could be useful for understanding micromobility usage on a small scale.
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Sydorenko, Antonina, Ruslan Lutsenko, Iryna Kniazkova, Nataliia Liakhovska, and Olga Lutsenko. "PECULIARITIES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY OF RATS IN SIMULATION PHARMACOLOGICAL DEPRESSOGENIC STATES." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 9 (2021): 2105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202109114.
Full textAbstract:
The aim: To analyze and compare the features of changes in the motor activity of rats on the background of pharmacological models of depressive disorders. Materials and methods: Depressive-like state was simulated on 40 mature male Wistar rats using: reserpine (15 mg/kg), clonidine (0.1 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg). The control group was given as a single dose 0.5 ml of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution intraperitoneally. After 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours from the beginning of the experiment, changes in motor activity in the “open field” test were examined by the number of crossed squares, the calculation was carried out within 5 minutes. Results: Reserpine at a dose of 15 mg/kg caused probable motor activity disorders in rats in the “open field” test during all study periods. The most pronounced inhibition of motor activity was observed within 12-48 hours from the beginning of the experiment. 3 hours after clonidine administration, the number of crossed squares decreased by 310% (p<0.001), after 12 hours – by 180% (p<0.001), after 24 hours – by 140% (p<0.001), after 48 hours – by 50% (p<0.005) in comparison with the control group. On 3rd day, the motor activity of rats was almost completely restored. The use of haloperidol after 3 hours most significantly impaired the motor activity of rats in the “open field” test, and its recovery was observed after 24 hours. Conclusions: Reserpine inhibited the motor activity of rats, most pronounced from 12 to 48 hours of the experiment. Clonidine inhibited mainly in the first hours of the study. Haloperidol impaired motor activity at 3rd and 12th hours of observation.
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Quene, Robert J., and Mark S. Strefeler. "Inheritance Patterns of Morphological Traits Related to Drought Tolerance in New Guinea Impatiens." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 499C—499. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.499c.
Full textAbstract:
Three drought-tolerant and four drought-susceptible breeding lines from the Univ. of Minnesota's New Guinea impatiens breeding program were crossed in all combinations (reciprocals and selfs) using a complete diallel crossing scheme. Progeny of each cross were grown using standard cultural practices and data was taken on the morphological traits shown to be related to drought tolerance in previous studies. Data was taken on leaf thickness, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, and leaf dry weight. From these data the leaf length:width ratio and leaf dry weight/unit area (g·cm–2) were calculated. Mean squares for general and specific combining ability were estimated using Griffing's Model 1, Method 4. Differences between crosses were highly significant (P < 0.001) for all traits examined. Means squares for specific (SCA) and general (GCA) combining ability were significant indicating that both additive and non-additive gene effects are important in the inheritance patterns of these characters. For all traits, GCA was greater than SCA indicating that the additive component had the greatest influence on gain from selection for these traits. These findings agree with other estimates of GCA and SCA for these characters in other crops species. The importance of non-additive effects (SCA) on inheritance of these traits explains why we were able to make rapid improvement in drought tolerance in New Guinea impatiens and the role of additive effects (GCA) on drought tolerance indicates that we can continue to make substantial progress improving drought tolerance in New Guinea impatiens. The impact of these findings on strategies to improve drought tolerance in New Guinea impatiens will be discussed in this presentation.
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Niu, Xiaoke, Shuman Huang, Minjie Zhu, Zhizhong Wang, and Li Shi. "Surround Modulation Properties of Tectal Neurons in Pigeons Characterized by Moving and Flashed Stimuli." Animals 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12040475.
Full textAbstract:
Surround modulation has been abundantly studied in several mammalian brain areas, including the primary visual cortex, lateral geniculate nucleus, and superior colliculus (SC), but systematic analysis is lacking in the avian optic tectum (OT, homologous to mammal SC). Here, multi-units were recorded from pigeon (Columba livia) OT, and responses to different sizes of moving, flashed squares, and bars were compared. The statistical results showed that most tectal neurons presented suppressed responses to larger stimuli in both moving and flashed paradigms, and suppression induced by flashed squares was comparable with moving ones when the stimuli center crossed the near classical receptive field (CRF) center, which corresponded to the full surrounding condition. Correspondingly, the suppression grew weaker when the stimuli center moved across the CRF border, equivalent to partially surrounding conditions. Similarly, suppression induced by full surrounding flashed squares was more intense than by partially surrounding flashed bars. These results suggest that inhibitions performed on tectal neurons appear to be full surrounding rather than locally lateral. This study enriches the understanding of surround modulation properties of avian tectum neurons and provides possible hypotheses about the arrangement of inhibitions from other nuclei, both of which are important for clarifying the mechanism of target detection against clutter background performed by avians.
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Ullah, Aziz, Amir Shakeel, Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed, Muhammad Ali, and Muhammad Majid Yar. "A Line × Tester analysis for some seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits in upland cotton." International Journal of Cotton Research and Technology 2, no. 1 (November 8, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/ijcrt.002.01.0373.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the present study was to estimate general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of crosses for the development of high yielding cotton varieties. The study was carried out at the experimental area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. A line × tester analysis was made to identify the superior general and specific combiners for seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits in upland cotton. Five lines/females (FH-114, FH-1000, CIM-448, CIM-707, NIAB-111) and three testers/males (TH-41-83, Cocker-307 and Allepo-41) were crossed to develop 15 F1 hybrids. These genotypes were evaluated along with parents in RCBD with three replications. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares for seed cotton yield, lint percentage, fiber fineness, fiber strength and fiber length were significant. The fiber fineness showed greater importance of additive gene effect while seed cotton yield, lint percentage, fiber strength and fiber length exhibited non additive genetic effects. Parents FH-114 and NIAB-111 among lines and COKER-307 from testers were found as good general combiners for most of the traits. Hence, these parents proved worth to be used in hybridization and selection program for extracting desirable plants from segregating population. F1 crosses CIM-707 × COKER-307, CIM-707 × ALLEPO-41 and FH-1000 × COKER-307, by and large, exhibited their superiority for all traits studied and were noted as the best specific combiners. Therefore, these crosses may be preferred to improve several traits simultaneously by selection or may be used for hybrid cotton crop development
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Basysta, Katerina, Alexander Rodinskiy, and Ludmila Guz. "INTEGRATIVE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY OF RATS IN GERONTOGENESIS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL HYPERGLYCEMIA." Problems of Endocrine Pathology 77, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21856/j-pep.2021.3.14.
Full textAbstract:
Diabetes mellitus has a major impact on the brain and its cognitive function. The pathogenesis of these disorders is still not well understood. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways of solving these manifestations in hyperglycemia in order to prevent the risk of complications that will lead to a worsening of living conditions.
In the experiment, the state of conditioned-reflex and orientation-research activity of rats of different ages (middle-aged rats and old rats) in conditions of experimental hyperglycemia was found. The animals were kept under standard vivarium conditions. Experimental hyperglycemia was modeled by intraperitoneal solution injection of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg body weight, Sigma). For 10 days, blood glucose was determined using a portable glucometer «Bionime». On day 10, those animals were selected that had a blood glucose value above 28 mmol/L. The analysis of orientation-research and emotional activity was carried out using the «Open Field» technique. The number of squares crossed, the number of lifts on the hind legs, the number of peeking into the burrows, grooming, and the number of bowel movements were recorded. The conditioned passive avoidance technique was used to study the stable and labile phases of memory. In both age groups, the indicators of orientation-research activity differed significantly (p < 0.05). The decrease in the number of squares crossed, the number of racks up and the study of minks was more pronounced in middle-aged animals with diabetes mellitus. The increase in the number of amnesiac animals was also more pronounced in the middle-aged rats of the research group. A decrease in the latency period was noted in both age groups. Thus, it was found that experimental hyperglycemia had pronounced consequences for the cognitive function of animals, respectively, diabetes mellitus has a negative effect on the brain.
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Basysta, Katerina, Alexander Rodinskiy, and Ludmila Guz. "INTEGRATIVE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY OF RATS IN GERONTOGENESIS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL HYPERGLYCEMIA." Problems of Endocrine Pathology 77, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21856/j-pep.2021.3.14.
Full textAbstract:
Diabetes mellitus has a major impact on the brain and its cognitive function. The pathogenesis of these disorders is still not well understood. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways of solving these manifestations in hyperglycemia in order to prevent the risk of complications that will lead to a worsening of living conditions.
In the experiment, the state of conditioned-reflex and orientation-research activity of rats of different ages (middle-aged rats and old rats) in conditions of experimental hyperglycemia was found. The animals were kept under standard vivarium conditions. Experimental hyperglycemia was modeled by intraperitoneal solution injection of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg body weight, Sigma). For 10 days, blood glucose was determined using a portable glucometer «Bionime». On day 10, those animals were selected that had a blood glucose value above 28 mmol/L. The analysis of orientation-research and emotional activity was carried out using the «Open Field» technique. The number of squares crossed, the number of lifts on the hind legs, the number of peeking into the burrows, grooming, and the number of bowel movements were recorded. The conditioned passive avoidance technique was used to study the stable and labile phases of memory. In both age groups, the indicators of orientation-research activity differed significantly (p < 0.05). The decrease in the number of squares crossed, the number of racks up and the study of minks was more pronounced in middle-aged animals with diabetes mellitus. The increase in the number of amnesiac animals was also more pronounced in the middle-aged rats of the research group. A decrease in the latency period was noted in both age groups. Thus, it was found that experimental hyperglycemia had pronounced consequences for the cognitive function of animals, respectively, diabetes mellitus has a negative effect on the brain.
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Dashtak, Mohammad, Mohammad R. Bihamta, Eslam Majidi, and Reza A. Nejad. "Genetic analysis of Agronomic Traits of Wheat under Terminal Drought Stress." Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 7, no. 3 (April 14, 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/pbg.007.03.2877.
Full textAbstract:
Seven wheat genotypes (Sirvan, Zarin, Pishgam, Karim, Baran, Heidary, and Rizhav) were crossed in diallel mating to develop 42 F1's hybrids. The resultant hybrids along with parents were evaluated during cropping season 2015-16 at agriculture and natural resources Pardis of Tehran University, Iran, using RCB design with 3 replications under drought stress and normal field conditions from the booting stage till physiological maturity. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for agronomic traits were determined. The main objective of the research was the identification and proper selection of best-performing wheat parental genotypes and best F1's hybrids, based on GCA and SCA estimates. Significant differences were observed among the wheat genotypes for all the reported traits in this article. Results for combining ability analysis indicated that mean squares of GCA and SCA effects were significantly high for most of the traits. The estimates of σ2gca and σ2sca and its ratio (σ2gca/σ2sca) indicated that non-additive genetic expression was dominant for most of the traits studied, then the heterosis breading is a useful program, however selection on superior hybrids should be postponed to the next generation for these traits in recombination program. It is concluded that Zarin, and Baran are recommended as the best general combiners for a future wheat breeding program. The maximum values of SCA observed in flag leaf length in normal and peduncle length in drought condition related to crosses of Rizhav with other parents. So, it is suggested these series of crosses can be down to improve these traits at the mentioned condition
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Nantale, Gauden, Peter Wasswa, Muhumuza Edgar, Tusiime Richard, Pamela Paparu, and Isaac Onziga Dramadri. "Combining Ability of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) Genotypes for Resistance to Cowpea Bacterial Blight in Uganda." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v7i1.1174.
Full textAbstract:
The low productivity of cowpea is partly attributed to a number of constraints including diseases such as cowpea bacterial blight (CoBB). Cowpea bacterial blight has the capacity to cause up to 92% yield loss under severe infections. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability for resistance to CoBB among cowpea genotypes in Uganda. Nine selected parents were crossed to produce 63 progenies. F1 progenies were evaluated and data gathered included days to 50% flowering, CoBB disease scores and grain yield. The mean squares for rAUDPC due to GCA and SCA effects were significant (P≤0.001) and non-significant respectively. The broad sense coefficient of genetic determination (BCGD) and narrow sense coefficient of genetic determination (NCGD) were 44.3% and 29.1% respectively for rAUDPC. Parents WC 26 (-0.023) and NE 31 (-0.035) had highly significant negative GCA effects for rAUDPC and were therefore good general combiners for this trait. Crosses SECOW 3B x ACC 26 X SECOW 1T and WC 26 x NE 32 had negative significant SCA effect for rAUDPC with a values of -0.073 and -0.06, respectively while Crosses ACC 26 x SECOW 1T x NE 40 (-0.07) and NE 40 x WC 26 (-0.06) had significant negative reciprocal effects for rAUDPC. This study revealed that genetic inheritance for cowpea bacterial blight was controlled predominantly by additive gene effects. Parents WC 26 and NE 31 identified as good general combiners for resistance to CoBB could be utilized as sources of resistance while Crosses SECOW 3B x ACC 26 X SECOW 1T, WC 26 x NE 32, ACC 26 X SECOW 1T x NE 40 and NE 40 x WC 26 that were the best specific combiners for resistance to CoBB could be put under further evaluation as potential varieties.
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Ismail*, Mohammad Reda, and Tamer Talat El-Mouslhy. "Evaluation of new yellow maize (Zea mays) inbred lines using line × tester analysis." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i3.101500.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated 20 elite yellow maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines which were crossed as female parents with three different testers as male parents, i.e. Gem. Pop. (Broad genetic base), Single cross 101 and Inbred line 100 represent (Narrow genetic base) at the Experiment Research Station of Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt during 2014 summer. The resulting 60 top crosses with three commercial check hybrids i.e. SC.155, SC. Pioneer 3080 and TWC.352 were evaluated in a yield trail in two sowing dates during 2015 growing summer season. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. The data were recorded on days to anthesis (AD), maturity date (MD), leaf area of upper ear (LA), ear length (EL) and grain yield per feddan (GYPF). The results showed that, sowing dates, crosses, lines, testers except for (MD) and line × testers mean squares were significant for all traits. The parental inbred lines (L-4, L-5, L-10, L-12, L-13, L-14 and L-19) possessed high GCA effects for grain yield and (L-6, L-7, L-10 and L-11) possessed high GCA effects for earliness. These lines could be utilized as promising inbred lines in a hybridization programme to develop high yielding and early maturity maize hybrids. The seven crosses (T-1×L-7, T-1×L-13, T-1×L-17, T-2×L-4, T-2×L-5, T-2×L-10 and T-2× L-12) which had out-yielded significantly the best check SC.3080 could be utilized for future breeding work as well as for direct release after confirming the stability of their performances observed in the current study.
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Baloch, Muhammad Jurial, Inayat Ali Mallano, Abdul Wahid Baloch, Wajid Ali Jatoi, and Nasreen Fatima Veesar. "Efficient Method of Choosing Potential Parents and Hybrids: Line Tester Analysis of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 54, no. 3 (December 26, 2011): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.54.3.2011.117.121.
Full textAbstract:
The study was conducted to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of wheat genotypes crossed in a line ´ tester fashion. The mean squares due to F1 hybrids, female lines, male testers/pollinators and lines ´ tester interaction were significant for majority of the
characters studied. The significance of GCA and SCA variances thus suggested that both additive and non- additive genes were controlling majority of the characters, yet additive genes were more prominent because variances due to GCA by and large were higher than due to SCA. Among the three female lines evaluated, Khirman displayed maximum positive GCA effects for spike length (0.08) and seeds/spike (0.67), while other female lines which showed maximum positive GCA effects were Mehran for plant height (3.05), number of tillers/plant (1.00), spikelets/spike (1.92) and seed index (3.42) and Kiran for seeds/spike (0.67) and yield/plant (1.86). From the male testers, TD-1 exhibited greater GCA effects for number of tillers/plant (2.96), spikelets/spike (0.25), seed index (0.61) and yield/plant (2.22), whereas, Marvi displayed highest positive GCA effects for plant height (2.88), spike length (0.37) and seeds/spike (6.41). The specific combining ability estimates indicated, if hybrid crop development is feasible then, crosses Mehran ´ TD-1 for spike length; Kiran ´ TD-1 for plant height and seeds/spike and Khirman ´ Marvi for number of tillers/plant, spikelets/spike, seed index and yield/plant may be the hybrids of choice.
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Ahmed, M. A., Mohamed Ali Abdelsatar, M. A. Attia, and A. A. Abeer. "GGE biplot analysis of Line by tester for seed yield and its attributes in sunflower." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 374–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2019-14-4-374-389.
Full textAbstract:
Nine genetically diverse sunflower promising lines in their economic trait were crossed using line by tester mating design in 2018 spring season, to estimate per se performance, combining ability, heterosis, gene action and heritability for earliness, yield and its attributes traits. The parents involved four sunflower CMS lines namely L1 (A3), L2 (A5), L3 (A9) and L4 (A13) (called hereafter “Lines” (as female parents) and five sunflower genotypes T1 (RF9), T2 (RF10), T3 (RF11), T4 (RF14) and T5 (RF1) as male parents (called hereafter “Tester”). In 2018 and 2019 summer season, the nine parents along with their 20 F1s seeds were evaluated at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Sohag Governorate, Egypt using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Mean squares due to parents (P), crosses (C), CMS lines (L), RF testers (T), P vs C and L x T were significant for all studied traits. A larger magnitude of non-additive gene action than additive was revealed by greater ratios (GCA/ SCA) than unity for all studied traits (except for days to 50% flowering). A5 and A13 of CMS lines and RF11 and RF14 of RF lines proved to be the best general combiners for seed weight plant-1 and one or more of its attributes traits. Moreover, the best cross combinations A13 x RF11, A13 x RF1 and A5 x RF9 performed better than other developed hybrids in view of seed weight plant-1 and one or more of its attributes, hence these F1 hybrids could further be used on commercial exploitation.
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Broucek, J., P. Kisac, S. Mihina, A. Hanus, M. Uhrincat, and V. Tancin. "Hair whorls of Holstein Friesian heifers and affects on growth and behaviour." Archives Animal Breeding 50, no. 4 (October 10, 2007): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-50-374-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the growth, number of crossed squares in the open-field test and time of traversing the maze in the maze are affected by the height position of they facial whorl in heifers which were kept in experimental conditions. Fifty-eight Holstein heifers were used. The hair whorl position was determined as hair whorl high, middle and low. Heifers with a high whorl had significantly higher body weight at days 360 (P<0.05) and 540 (P<0.01) and average daily gains from birth to 21 months (P<0.001) and from the 6th to 21st months (P<0.01) of age. We did not find any significant differences among hair whorl position groups either in open-field tests or in the maze. The present results show that the growth is influenced in the investigated dairy cattle by height of their facial whorl.
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Ramacciotti, M., S. Rubio, G. Gallello, M. Lezzerini, S. Columbu, E. Hernandez, A. Morales-Rubio, A. Pastor, and M. de la Guardia. "Chronological Classification of Ancient Mortars Employing Spectroscopy and Spectrometry Techniques: Sagunto (Valencia, Spain) Case." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9736547.
Full textAbstract:
Forty-two mortar samples, from two archaeological excavations located in Sagunto (Valencian Community, Spain), were analysed by both portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pED-XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine major and minor elements and traces including rare earth elements (REEs). Collected data were crossed with those previously obtained from Sagunto Castle mortars, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to discriminate the construction phases of the unearthed buildings. REE permitted to ascribe most of the masonries to the Roman Imperial period. Moreover, a statistical model was built by employing partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) in order to classify the mortars from Roman Imperial period and from Islamic period due to the problematic overlapping between these two phases. Results confirmed the effectiveness of the developed indirect chronology method, based on REE data, to discriminate among historic mortars from different construction periods on a wide scale including different Sagunto archaeological sites.
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Howard, Nicholas P., Dennis Stimart, Natalia de Leon, Michael J. Havey, and William Martin. "Diallel Analysis of Floral Longevity in Impatiens walleriana." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no. 1 (January 2012): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.1.47.
Full textAbstract:
Impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) are currently among the most valuable and widely cultivated floriculture crops in the world. Attractive floral display is a primary goal for breeders of impatiens. Although breeders have selected for this trait, little consideration has been given to floral longevity as a means to increase the floral display of bedding crops. In this study, 259 commercial inbred lines of impatiens were grown in a greenhouse and evaluated for floral longevity as defined by the time between when a flower was completely open to when all of the petals abscised from the pedicle. Mean floral longevity of inbreds ranged from 3.3 ± 0.4 to 15.8 ± 2.5 days. Twelve inbreds (six with long floral longevity and six with short floral longevity) were chosen and crossed in a half diallel to create 66 hybrids that were analyzed for floral longevity in three greenhouse environments. Mean floral longevity of hybrids across greenhouse environments ranged from 2.8 ± 0.4 to 14.1 ± 2.8 days. Significant general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for floral longevity were detected. GCA mean squares were 37 times larger than SCA mean squares, revealing that additive genetic effects play a more important role in the inheritance of floral longevity in impatiens. This information, coupled with the significant amount of variation for floral longevity among inbreds, indicates that there is good potential for breeding for floral longevity in impatiens to improve the floral display of hybrids.
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Fredrick, Linda R., and Jack E. Staub. "Combining Ability Analyses of Fruit Yield and Quality in Near-homozygous Lines Derived from Cucumber." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 2 (March 1989): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.2.332.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Combining ability estimates for characters relating to yield and fruit quality were undertaken to determine if lines derived from Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. (hardwickii) could be used in the development of higher-yielding commercial cucumbers. General and specific combining ability estimates were obtained in a North Carolina Design II experiment for nine near-homozygous processing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) lines, five of which were derived from hardwickii germplasm. Lines were evaluated under two planting densities (29,000 and 58,000 plants/ha) for three harvests, and environments sampled were two planting times (2 weeks apart within the same year). Traits evaluated included fruit number per plant, primary lateral branch number, percentage of pistillate flowers, days to anthesis, fruit length, and fruit length : diameter (L:D) ratio. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were significant at both planting densities for all traits when combined over planting times, except for fruit L:D ratio at the higher density. Specific combining ability mean squares were significant for days to anthesis. Of the lines evaluated, WI 2963 and 4H261 produced the greatest GCA female and male effects, respectively, for three harvest yield and primary lateral branch number, but the lowest effects for fruit size. Our results suggest that further selection within these high-performance hardwickii derivatives for fruit shape will produce lines that perform well at a high planting density when crossed with sativus lines having good general combining ability.
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Kanfany, Ghislain, Amadou Fofana, Pangirayi Tongoona, Agyemang Danquah, Samuel Offei, Eric Danquah, and Ndiaga Cisse. "Estimates of Combining Ability and Heterosis for Yield and Its Related Traits in Pearl Millet Inbred Lines under Downy Mildew Prevalent Areas of Senegal." International Journal of Agronomy 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3439090.
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Pearl millet is an important cereal crop for smallholder farmers’ food security in West and Central Africa. However, its production has stagnated due to several factors such as the continuous use of local populations. A set of 17 inbred lines was crossed with Sosat C 88 and Souna 3 following a line × tester mating design. The F1 hybrids, their parents, and a check were evaluated in Bambey and Nioro research stations during the rainy season of 2017. Data on downy mildew incidence, plant height, flowering time, panicle length and diameter, productive tillers, thousand-grain weight, panicle, and grain yield were recorded. GCA and SCA mean squares were significant for most of the traits indicating that both additive and nonadditive gene effects were involved in the control of the inheritance of these traits. However, the contribution of GCA to total mean squares was higher than that of SCA for all the traits, providing that additive gene action was more important in their inheritance. The top-cross hybrid IBL155-2-1 × Sosat C 88 exhibited negative and significant SCA effects for downy mildew incidence, flowering time, and plant height. Lines IBL003-B-1, IBL091-1-1, IBL095-4-1, IBL110-B-1, and IBL 206-1-1 had positive GCA effects for grain yield and negative GCA effects for downy mildew, flowering time, and plant height. These lines can be used as parents to create synthetic varieties or hybrids.
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Hanson, Peter M., Olivia Licardo, Hanudin, Jaw-Fen Wang, and Jen-tzu Chen. "Diallel Analysis of Bacterial Wilt Resistance in Tomato Derived from Different Sources." Plant Disease 82, no. 1 (January 1998): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.1.74.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major constraint to tomato production in the tropics and subtropics. Most bacterial wilt-resistant tomato cultivars have not shown consistently high resistance levels over locations. The objective of this study was to determine whether combining resistance derived from different sources would result in F1 progenies with resistance greater than that of the parents. Five bacterial wilt-resistant tomato lines or accessions (CL5915, L285, CRA84, H7997, and GA219), each derived from different resistance sources, and a susceptible processing tomato line (UC204A) were crossed in all combinations without reciprocals. Parents, F1 progenies, and F2 progenies were evaluated in greenhouses at three locations (Taiwan, Philippines, and Indonesia) for percent survival 6 weeks after drench inoculation with virulent local strains of R. solanacearum. Percent survival means over locations were 17.4 to 83.0 for parents and F1 progeny and 16.2 to 75.0 for parents and F2 progeny. The percent survival means over locations of L285 × H7997 were highest among crosses in the F1 (83.0) and F2 (75.0) generations but were not significantly greater than that of H7997. Highly significant mean squares were found in the F1 and F2 progenies for general combining ability (GCA) and GCA × locations. Positive GCA effects over locations were detected for H7997, CRA84, and L285, indicating that progeny with those lines as parents showed bacterial wilt resistance that was greater than the average of all crosses. Only H7997, however, had positive GCA effects estimates at each location for each generation, and its GCA effects estimates over locations were significantly greater than those of the other parents in the F1 and F2 progenies. Among this set of parents, H7997 is the best source to develop bacterial wilt-resistant progeny. We did not observe statistically significant increases in resistance by combining different resistance sources. However, the presence of large GCA variances suggests that hybridization of parents that have high GCA for bacterial wilt resistance, such as H7997, CRA84, or L285, followed by selection in segregating populations might yield inbred progeny with resistance greater than that of the parents.
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I. Bon, Lizaveta, and Maksimovich N.Yе. "Neurological Deficit and Corrective Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: A case-control study." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 8 (October 28, 2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/050.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: It was to assess vasoprotective effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cerebral ischemia. Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on 42 male outbred white rats weighing 260 ± 20 g. modeling of cerebral ischemia was carried out under conditions of intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg / kg). The studies used models of subtotal, partial and stepwise subtotal cerebral ischemia. The table shows the experimental groups and the number of animals in them. Subtotal cerebral ischemia (SCI) was modeled by simultaneous ligation of both common carotid arteries (CCA). Partial cerebral ischemia (PCI) was modeled by ligating one CCA on the right. Stepwise subtotal CI (SSCI) was performed by sequential ligation of both CCA with an interval of 1 day (subgroup 1), 3 days (subgroup 2), or 7 days (subgroup 3). To study the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA), animals with CI were injected intragastrically with the drug "Omegamed" (SCI+ω-3 PUFA) at a dose of 5 g / kg body weight for a week. The control group consisted of sham-operated rats of the same sex and weight. Neurological deficits were assessed in the "muscle strength", "swimming test" and "open field" tests after 5-6 hours of the ischemic period. The study was carried out 6 hours after the simulation of the CI. Quantitative continuous data were obtained, which were processed using the licensed computer program Statistica 10.0 for Windows (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Since the experiment used small samples that had an abnormal distribution, the analysis was carried out by methods of nonparametric statistics. Data are presented as Me (LQ; UQ), where Me is the median, LQ is the value of the lower quartile; UQ is the upper quartile value. Differences between groups were considered significant at p <0.05 (Regression Model). Results: With a stepwise bilateral ligation of both common carotid arteries with an interval of 1 day, neurological disorders were most pronounced, which indicates an aggravation of neurological deficit with a reduction in the time between CCA dressings. In rats with SCI, the changes were more pronounced than with PCI, but less than with SCI. The least pronounced changes were noted in the 3rd subgroup (the interval between CCA dressings was 7 days). Studies have shown the dependence of the severity of brain damage in SSCI on the interval between the cessation of blood flow in both CCA. At a 7-day interval between CCA dressings, compensatory mechanisms were activated, which prevented the development of morphological changes and neurological deficits. When CCA was ligated with an interval of 1 day, the degree of neurological deficit was maximal, which indicates insufficient implementation of compensatory mechanisms. Compared with the control group, the rats of the "SCI+ω3-PUFA" group retained neurological deficit, the muscle strength indicator was 86% less (p<0.05), the swimming duration - by 63% (p<0.05), the number of crossed squares - by 55% (p<0.05), the number of washes - by 62% (p<0.05), the number of racks - by 62.5% (p<0.05) and the number of bowel movements - by 60% (p<0.05). However, in comparison with the SCI group, the neurological deficit was less pronounced. There was an increase in muscle strength by 67% (p<0.05), swimming duration by 37.5% (p<0.05) and the number of squares crossed in the open field test by 31% (p<0.05), which indicates the presence of a corrective action in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids preparation. Conclusion: The introduction of the preparation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has a corrective effect in conditions of subtotal cerebral ischemia, contributing to a lesser severity of manifestations of neurological deficit (an increase in muscle strength, duration of swimming and the number of squares crossed in the open field test).
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Finn, Chad E., and James J. Luby. "Inheritance of Fruit Quality Traits in Blueberry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 4 (July 1992): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.4.617.
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Progenies from a partial diallel mating scheme using 17 highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), lowbush (V. angustifolium Ait.), and half-high (V. corymbosum/V. angustfolium hybrid) parents were subjectively evaluated for fruit color, picking scar, and firmness in two seasons. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were significant (P ≤ 0.01 for all traits), but specific combining ability was significant for no traits (P > 0.05). However, the correlation coefficients between the GCA effects and the parental phenotype scores were low, indicating that selection of parents within this material based on their phenotype may not be indicative of progeny performance. GCA effects depended to some extent on the species ancestry. Vaccinium angustifolium parents produced progeny with relatively dark, soft fruit with large scars. Lowbush parents having light-blue fruit produced segregating progenies that were heavily skewed toward dark fruit, regardless of the color or species ancestry of the other parent. When the highbush and half-high parents were crossed with one another, segregation patterns were typical of predominately additive gene action.
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Shehzad, Aamar, Hafeez Ahmad Sadaqat, Muhammad Asif, and Muhammad Furqan Ashraf. "Genetic Analysis and Combining Ability Studies for Yield Related Characters in Rapeseed." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 9 (September 17, 2015): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i9.748-753.427.
Full textAbstract:
Combining ability analysis has a key position in rapeseed breeding. To estimate the combining ability effects for yield controlling traits in rapeseed, three testers and five lines were crossed using line × tester design in randomized complete block design with three replications. Mean sum of squares of analysis of variances for genotypes were significant for all of the traits; indicating the presence of significant genetic variation. All the interactions between lines and testers exhibited significant results of mean sum of squares for combining ability. Line ‘Duncled’ was found good general combiner for decreased Plant height (PH:-2.0), Days taken to 50% flowering (DF: -15.8) and Days taken to maturity (DM:-3.4) while tester ‘Punjab Sarson” for increased Number of seed/siliqua (SS: 2.2), Number of siliquae/plant (SP: 2.2) and decreased DF (-3.0) traits. Significant general and specific combining ability effects were observed. The best hybrid combination on the basis of specific combining ability effects was “Durre-NIFA × ZN-M-6” for Seed yield/plant (SY: 2.7), DF (-6.1) and DM (-3.5). PH (-0.2), Siliqua length (SL: -0.1), SS (-0.03) and SY (0.2) showed non-additive genetic effects. The half of the characters revealed additive and remaining half showed non-additive genetic effects. The present study unveiled the importance of both type of genetic effects demanding the application of integrated breeding approaches for exploiting the variability. ‘Punjab Sarson × ZN-M-6’ exposed maximum SS (30) and SP (837). Maximum SY (75.9g) and minimum DF (64) were showed by ‘Legend × Duncled’. The present research delivers valuable information of genotypes for promoting yield by means of improving yield related characters.
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Vetlugin, Eduard A., Eugenii R. Bychkov, Maxim E. Abrosimov, Alexandr R. Moskalyev, Anna G. Pshenichnaya, Sarng S. Pyurveev, Victor A. Lebedev, Andrei A. Lebedev, and Petr D. Shabanov. "Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor antagonist SNAP 94847." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped13125-34.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Melatonin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) is a neuropeptide involved in the regulation of eating behavior, energy balance, mood, and the sleep/wake cycle.
Aim: To study the effect of SNAP 94847, a selective melanin-concentrating hormone receptor type 1 (MCHR1) antagonist, on exploratory and emotional behavior in rats.
Materials and methods: 38 male Wistar rats were used in the work. The selective MCHR1 antagonist SNAP 94847 was administered intranasally. The behavior of the animals was assessed in the tests: open field, elevated plus maze, Porsolt forced swimming, resident-intruder.
Results: After intranasal administration SNAP 94847 there were an increase in the number of sniffs, the time of locomotion, and the number of squares crossed in open field test. In elevated plus maze test, after the administration of SNAP 94847, a decrease in the time spent by the animals in the closed arms of the maze was observed. In Porsolt forced swim test, the immobilization time decreased and the passive swimming time increased in experimental group.
Conclusion: In animal tests, the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of the selective MCHR1 antagonist SNAP 94847 have been shown.