Journal articles: 'Crossed square'

1

Gupta, N. K., and S. K. Sinha. "Lateral compression of crossed layers of square-section tubes." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 32, no. 7 (January 1990): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(90)90102-o.

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2

Lau, S. C., R. D. McMillin, and J. C. Han. "Heat Transfer Characteristics of Turbulent Flow in a Square Channel With Angled Discrete Ribs." Journal of Turbomachinery 113, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927885.

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Experiments have been conducted to study the turbulent heat transfer and friction for fully developed flow of air in a square channel in which two opposite walls are roughened with 90 deg full ribs, parallel and crossed full ribs with angles of attack (α) of 60 and 45 deg, 90 deg discrete ribs, and parallel and crossed discrete ribs with α = 60, 45, and 30 deg. The discrete ribs are staggered in alternate rows of three and two ribs. Results are obtained for a rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio of 0.0625, a rib pitch-to-height ratio of 10, and Reynolds numbers between 10,000 and 80,000. Parallel angled discrete ribs are superior to 90 deg discrete ribs and parallel angled full ribs, and are recommended for internal cooling passages in gas turbine airfoils. For α = 60 and 45 deg, parallel discrete ribs have higher ribbed wall heat transfer, lower smooth wall heat transfer, and lower channel pressure drop than parallel full ribs. Parallel 60 deg discrete ribs have the highest ribbed wall heat transfer and parallel 30 deg discrete ribs cause the lowest pressure drop. The heat transfer and pressure drops in crossed angled full and discrete rib cases are all lower than those in the corresponding 90 deg and parallel angled rib cases. Crossed arrays of angled ribs have poor thermal performance and are not recommended.

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3

Han, J. C., Y. M. Zhang, and C. P. Lee. "Augmented Heat Transfer in Square Channels With Parallel, Crossed, and V-Shaped Angled Ribs." Journal of Heat Transfer 113, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910606.

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The effect of the rib angle orientation on the local heat transfer distributions and pressure drop in a square channel with two opposite in-line ribbed walls was investigated for Reynolds numbers from 15,000 to 90,000. The square channel composed of ten isolated copper sections has a length-to-hydraulic diameter ratio of 20; the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio is 0.0625; the rib pitch-to-height ratio equals 10. Nine rib configurations were studied: 90 deg rib, 60 and 45 deg parallel ribs, 60 and 45 deg crossed ribs, 60 and 45 deg ∨-shaped ribs, and 60 and 45 deg ∧-shaped ribs. The results show that the 60 deg (or 45 deg) ∨-shaped rib performs better than the 60 deg (or 45 deg) parallel rib and, subsequently, better than the 60 deg (or 45 deg) crossed rib and the 90 deg rib. The ∨-shaped rib produces the highest heat transfer augmentation, while the ∧-shaped rib generates the greatest pressure drop. The crossed rib has the lowest heat transfer enhancement and the smallest pressure drop penalty.

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4

Palanisamy, V., and R. Garg. "Analysis of circularly polarized square ring and crossed-strip microstrip antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 34, no. 11 (November 1986): 1340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.1986.1143766.

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5

Sretenovic, B. B. "Anisotropic analysis of crossed square resistivity measurements in a sedimentary basin." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 28, no. 6 (November 1991): A362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(91)91385-5.

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6

LIU, Yujie, and Yuehe GE. "Polarization-Reconfigurable Flat Transmitarray Based on Square Frame and Crossed Dipole Elements." IEICE Transactions on Communications E100.B, no. 10 (2017): 1904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2016ebp3440.

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7

Feng, Guirong, Lei Chen, Xingsi Xue, Na Li, and Xiaowei Shi. "Broadband CP crossed‐stepped‐dipole antenna incorporating a cross slotted square patch." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2018.5254.

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8

Wheelwright, A. V., and C. A. Glasbey. "Distances between censored intersections between a square lattice and a random smooth path." Journal of Applied Probability 30, no. 1 (March 1993): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214640.

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A random smooth path of infinite length crossed a square lattice. Intersections with the lattice were censored if they lay within a threshold distance of a preceding uncensored intersection, defined by tracking along the path in one direction. The distribution of distances between consecutive uncensored intersections is derived.

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9

Wheelwright, A. V., and C. A. Glasbey. "Distances between censored intersections between a square lattice and a random smooth path." Journal of Applied Probability 30, no. 01 (March 1993): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200044181.

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A random smooth path of infinite length crossed a square lattice. Intersections with the lattice were censored if they lay within a threshold distance of a preceding uncensored intersection, defined by tracking along the path in one direction. The distribution of distances between consecutive uncensored intersections is derived.

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10

Gelvonauskis, B., and D. Gelvonauskienė. "Using scab resistant donors in apple breeding." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 600–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10566-pps.

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Apple cultivars were crossed according to the half-diallel and topcross mating design. Apple scab resistance of seedlings was estimated by using a 0–5 scale: 0 – no infection on leaves, 5 – more than 75% of leaf area infected. Percentage of scab resistant seedlings in crosses involving cultivars Prima varied from 35.8% to 67.6%, involving cultivars Florina and Arbat – 51.9–59.5% and 53.5–72.5%, respectively. Significant differences for resistance to scab were found among the crosses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant. The significance of GCA for scab resistance shows that genetic variability exists for this trait and selection should result in genetic progress, because the mean square for GCA was larger than that calculated for SCA. Therefore, selection of parents on its phenotype should be effective for development of resistant apple cultivars. The significant SCA estimates indicate that a large number of resistant seedlings from particular crosses should be selected.

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11

Junianti, Ni Komang Mega, I. Putu Yudi Pramana Putra, Ni Wayan Tianing, and Ari Wibawa. "PROLONGED SITTING MEMENGARUHI KEJADIAN LOWER CROSSED SYNDROME PADA PERAJIN UKIRAN KAYU DI DESA SUMITA KECAMATAN GIANYAR." Majalah Ilmiah Fisioterapi Indonesia 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mifi.2022.v10.i03.p02.

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Pendahuluan: Perajin ukiran kayu merupakan salah satu pekerjaan informal yang memiliki risiko mengalami gangguan musculoskeletal. Hal tersebut diakibatkan oleh sebagian besar proses pembuatan ukiran kayu dikerjakan dalam posisi duduk bekerja. Posisi duduk statis yang dipertahankan dalam waktu yang lama oleh perajin saat bekerja dapat menyebabkan gangguan musculoskeletal, salah satunya adalah lower crossed syndrome. Penelitian ini bertujun untuk mengertahui hubungan prolonged sitting dengan kejadian lower crossed syndrome pada perajin ukiran kayu di Desa Sumita, Kecamatan Gianyar. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada Februari-April 2021. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik concecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 66 orang. Variabel dependen yang diukur yaitu lower crossed syndrome menggunakan modified Thomas test, pengukuran panjang otot spinal extensor, dan pengukuran kekuatan otot abdominal serta gluteus maximus. Variabel independen yaitu prolonged sitting didapatkan berdasarkan hasil wawancara. Hasil: Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square diperoleh p=0,012 (nilai p<0,05) dan OR 5,500 yang menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara prolonged sitting dengan kejadian lower crossed syndrome, dimana perajin ukiran kayu dengan prolonged sitting?7 jam/hari memiliki risiko 5,5 kali lebih besar mengalami lower crossed syndrome. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara prolonged sitting dengan kejadian LCS pada perajin ukiran kayu di Desa Sumita Kecamatan Gianyar. Kata Kunci: prolonged sitting, lower crossed syndrome, musculoskeletal disorder, perajin ukiran kayu

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12

Li, Long, Qiang Chen, Qiaowei Yuan, Kunio Sawaya, Tamami Maruyama, Tatsuo Furuno, and Shinji Uebayashi. "Frequency Selective Reflectarray Using Crossed-Dipole Elements With Square Loops for Wireless Communication Applications." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, no. 1 (January 2011): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2010.2090455.

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13

Berker, A. Nihat, and Kenneth Hui. "Phase diagram of the Ising model on the square lattice with crossed diagonal bonds." Physical Review B 48, no. 17 (November 1, 1993): 12393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.48.12393.

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14

Lau, S. C., R. D. McMillin, and J. C. Han. "Turbulent Heat Transfer and Friction in a Square Channel With Discrete Rib Turbulators." Journal of Turbomachinery 113, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927884.

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Experiments study the turbulent heat transfer and friction for fully developed flow of air in a square channel with discrete rib turbulators. The discrete ribs are staggered on two opposite walls of the channel in alternate rows of three and two ribs. Nine rib configurations are examined: transverse ribs with an angle of attack (α) of 90 deg, discrete ribs with α = 90 deg, parallel arrays of discrete ribs with α = 45 deg and −45 deg on alternate rows, and parallel and crossed arrays of discrete ribs with α = 60, 45, and 30 deg. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio and the rib pitch-to-height ratio are 0.0625 and 10, respectively. The Reynolds number ranges from 10,000 to 80,000. Results show that the average Stanton number in the 90 deg discrete rib case is about 10 to 15 percent higher than that in the 90 deg transverse rib case. Turning the discrete ribs on the oppsite walls 60, 45, or 30 deg in the same direction with respect to the main flow increases the average Stanton number 10 to 20 percent over that in the 90 deg discrete rib case. Parallel oblique discrete ribs with α = 60, 45, and 30 deg have comparable performances and have higher overall heat transfer per unit pumping power than 90 deg discrete ribs. Crossed oblique discrete ribs perform poorly compared with 90 deg discrete ribs and are not recommended.

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15

Komov, Vladislav, Victor Sledkov, and Li ZiMeng. "Dual-polarized dipole radiation elements for the modern base station antennas." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 05015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193005015.

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Two improved designs of wideband dual polarization antennas for base station. The first design is the crossed dipoles for the frequency bands 1695–2695 MHz. The presented shape of crossed dipole provides a low level of crosspolarization, VSWR better than 1.4, the isolation between polarizations is better than –33 dB and the beam width in the horizontal plane is 65±4 degrees. The second design is the square dipole in the frequency range 690–960 MHz provides the beam width in the horizontal plane 60±5 degrees, E-plane 58±3 degrees, H-plane 64±3 degrees, the isolation between polarizations better than –35dB.

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16

Xu, Hengrui, Ping Liu, Bing Huang, Xingwang Jiang, Qingguo Gao, and Liming Liu. "Preparation of Double-Layer Crossed Silver Nanowire Film and Its Application to OLED." Coatings 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010026.

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Ordered silver nanowire (AgNW) film can effectively reduce the density of nodes, reduce the roughness of the film, and increase its conductivity and transmittance. In this paper, a double-layer crossed AgNW grid film was prepared by the auxiliary stirring method. The average transmittance of the double-layer crossed AgNW grid film was found to be 80% in the 400–1000 nm band, with a square resistance of 35 Ω/sq. As a transparent conductive anode material, the ordered AgNW film was applied to fabricate a flexible green organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The experimental results showed that the threshold voltage of the OLED was only 5 V and the maximum luminance was 1500 cd/m2.

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17

H G, RAVI SHANKAR, and SHARADA M S. "STUDIES ON INHERITANCE OF BACTERIAL WILT RESISTANCE IN TOMATO CROP CAUSED BY Ralstonia solanacearum (E.F. SMITH)." JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ANGRAU 50, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2022.50.4.05.

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The study aimed at the inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato with six different generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) obtained by 4 crosses (Susceptible X Resistant). Two susceptible cultivars (Arka Meghali and Arka Vikas) and two resistant lines (H-7996 and H-7997) of tomato were crossed during kharif , 2020 in four possible combinations to generate the experimental material. The P1, P2, F1, F2 BC1 and BC2 generations of 4 crosses were screened for bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (E.F. Smith) in tomato research fields of Monsanto Holdings Private Ltd., Kallinayakana Halli village, Gauribidanuru Taluka, Chikkaballapura District, Karnataka to understand the mode of inheritance. Single dominant gene controlling the resistance to bacterial wilt was observed in two crosses between Arka Meghali x H-7996 and Arka Vikas x H- 7997. Chi-square test for goodness of fit indicated that the F2 is segregating in the ratio 3 resistant to 1 susceptible in the single gene model. Resistant to susceptible ratio in BC2 was 1:1. While, in the crosses between Arka Vikas x H-7996 and Arka Meghali x H-7997 the complimentary gene interaction was observed with the F2 expected ratio of 9:7 indicating duplicate recessive epistasis.

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18

Kaur, Gurmanik, Ajat Shatru Arora, and Vijender Kumar Jain. "Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Models for Prediction of BP Reactivity to Crossed Legs." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2187904.

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Crossing the legs at the knees, during BP measurement, is one of the several physiological stimuli that considerably influence the accuracy of BP measurements. Therefore, it is paramount to develop an appropriate prediction model for interpreting influence of crossed legs on BP. This research work described the use of principal component analysis- (PCA-) fused forward stepwise regression (FSWR), artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) models for prediction of BP reactivity to crossed legs among the normotensive and hypertensive participants. The evaluation of the performance of the proposed prediction models using appropriate statistical indices showed that the PCA-based LS-SVM (PCA-LS-SVM) model has the highest prediction accuracy with coefficient of determination (R2) = 93.16%, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.27, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 5.71 for SBP prediction in normotensive subjects. Furthermore, R2 = 96.46%, RMSE = 0.19, and MAPE = 1.76 for SBP prediction and R2 = 95.44%, RMSE = 0.21, and MAPE = 2.78 for DBP prediction in hypertensive subjects using the PCA-LSSVM model. This assessment presents the importance and advantages posed by hybrid computing models for the prediction of variables in biomedical research studies.

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19

Bai, Benfeng, and Lifeng Li. "Group-theoretic approach to enhancing the Fourier modal method for crossed gratings with square symmetry." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 23, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.23.000572.

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20

Sze, Jia-Yi, and Wei-Shan Chang. "Dual-band square slot antenna with embedded crossed strips for wireless local area network applications." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 51, no. 2 (December 23, 2008): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.24070.

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21

Lv, Qingshui, and Honglei Qin. "A Joint Method Based on Time-Frequency Distribution to Detect Time-Varying Interferences for GNSS Receivers with a Single Antenna." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081946.

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In this paper, a joint method combining Hough transform and reassigned smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (RSPWVD) is presented to detect time-varying interferences with crossed frequency for a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver with a single antenna. The proposed method can prevent the cross-term interference and detect the time-varying interferences with crossed frequency which cannot be achieved by the classical time-frequency (TF) analysis with the peak detection method. The actual performance of the developed method has been evaluated by experiments with conditions where the real BeiDou system (BDS) B1I signals are corrupted by the simulated chirp interferences. The results of experiments show that the introduced method is effectively able to detect chirp interferences with crossed frequency and provide the same root mean square errors (RMSE) of the parameter estimation for chirp one and the improved initial frequency estimation for chirp two compared with the Hough transform of Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) when the jamming to noise ratio (JNR) equals or surpasses 4 dB.

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22

BAUES, HANS–JOACHIM, MAMUKA JIBLADZE, and TEIMURAZ PIRASHVILI. "Third Mac Lane cohomology." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 144, no. 2 (March 2008): 337–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500410700076x.

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AbstractMacLane cohomology is an algebraic version of the topological Hochschild cohomology. Based on the computation of the third author (see Appendix) we obtain an interpretation of the third Mac Lane cohomology of rings using certain kind of crossed extensions of rings in the quadratic world. Actually we obtain two such interpretations corresponding to the two monoidal structures on the category of square groups.

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23

Yang, Xiaojie, Jiade Yuan, and Guodong Han. "COMPACT CIRCULARLY POLARIZED CROSSED DIPOLE ANTENNA WITH CHIP INDUCTORS AND SQUARE RINGS LOADING FOR GPS APPLICATIONS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 58 (2016): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl15111909.

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24

Ristic, Miroslav, Radomir Rankovic, Mirjana Vojnovic, Violeta Stankovic, and Goran Poparic. "Dissociation of N2 by electron impact in electric and magnetic RF fields." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc220710066r.

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Rate coefficients for electron impact dissociation of the N2 molecule under the influence of crossed radio-frequency (RF) electric and magnetic fields are calculated for field frequencies of 13.56, 100 and 200 MHz and for root mean square values of the reduced electric field strength of 300 and 500 Td. Root mean square values of the reduced magnetic field were varied from 0 to 2000 Hx. ?he effects of the strength of RF fields and their frequency on rates for the dissociation to neutral fragments and for the dissociative ionization are discussed. The temporal evolution of the rate coefficients during one period of the RF field is shown and discussed.

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25

Han, J. C., and P. Zhang. "Effect of Rib-Angle Orientation on Local Mass Transfer Distribution in a Three-Pass Rib-Roughened Channel." Journal of Turbomachinery 113, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927730.

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In this experimental investigation of the heat transfer characteristics of turbulent air flow in a three-pass square channel, the test section consisted of three straight square channels jointed by two 180 deg turns, modeling the internal cooling passages of gas turbine airfoils. Naphthalene-coated ribs were attached to the top and bottom walls of the naphthalene-coated, three-pass channel. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio was 0.063; the rib pitch-to-height ratio was 10; the rib angles were 90 and 60 deg. For α = 60 deg, both the crossed ribs (on two opposite walls of the cooling channel) and the parallel ribs (on two opposite walls of the cooling channel) were investigated. The combined effects of the two sharp 180 deg turns and the rib orientations on the distributions of the local mass transfer coefficient in the entire three-pass channel were determined. The rib angle, the rib orientation, and the sharp 180 deg turn significantly affect the local mass transfer distributions. The combined effects of these parameters can increase or decrease the mass transfer coefficients after the sharp 180 deg turns. The angled ribs, in general, provide higher mass transfer coefficients than the transverse ribs; the parallel ribs give higher mass transfer than the crossed ribs.

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26

Gu, Jie, Xiao Li Wang, Wei Chen, Xin Qin, Dan Qing Ma, and Ji Zhong Yang. "Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Different-Shaped Square Cylinders on Water Flow." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.604.

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A 3D numerical model was performed to simulate the different cases of the water flow across different-shaped square cylinders. Figures of streamlines and turbulent kinetic energy contour lines in different cases were obtained. Through the comparison of streamlines, the areas of strong turbulent kinetic energy and the strongest turbulent kinetic energy nucleus, the results indicated that,(i) two symmetrical vortexes were formed behind the regular quadrilateral square cylinder and the “⊥”-shaped square cylinder ,respectively, and the former were bigger than the latter .While the flow crossed the “±”-shaped square cylinder without forming vortex.(ii) When water flowed around different-shaped square cylinders, from the regular quadrilateral one, the “⊥”-shaped one to the “±”-shaped one, successively, the strong turbulent kinetic energy distribution area, in which turbulence kinetic energy value was above 18,gradually increased; while the strongest turbulence kinetic energy nucleus, whose value of turbulence kinetic energy was the largest among turbulence kinetic energy nucleuses in the strong turbulent kinetic energy distribution area, moved forward gradually and its area was smaller and smaller.

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27

Mallory-Smith, Carol A., Donald C. Thill, Michael J. Dial, and Robert S. Zemetra. "Inheritance of Sulfonylurea Herbicide Resistance inLactucaspp." Weed Technology 4, no. 4 (December 1990): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026403.

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Sulfonylurea herbicide resistance was crossed into a susceptible (S) prickly lettuce biotype and into ‘Bibb’ (B), a domestic lettuce cultivar, and inheritance of the resistance trait was determined. The best fit for Chi Square analysis of the metsulfuron treated F2generations was a 1:2:1 ratio indicating the trait was controlled by a single nuclear gene with incomplete dominance. F3generations also were treated with metsulfuron. The F3seedlings from resistant F2plants were resistant while the F3seedlings from intermediate F2plants segregated.

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Umar, Ahmad, H. Y. Ammar, Rajesh Kumar, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, and M. S. Al-Assiri. "Square disks‐based crossed architectures of SnO2 for ethanol gas sensing applications—An experimental and theoretical investigation." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 304 (February 2020): 127352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127352.

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Ritchie, Paul, Özkan Karabacak, and Jan Sieber. "Inverse-square law between time and amplitude for crossing tipping thresholds." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2222 (February 2019): 20180504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0504.

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A classical scenario for tipping is that a dynamical system experiences a slow parameter drift across a fold tipping point, caused by a run-away positive feedback loop. We study what happens if one turns around after one has crossed the threshold. We derive a simple criterion that relates how far the parameter exceeds the tipping threshold maximally and how long the parameter stays above the threshold to avoid tipping in an inverse-square law to observable properties of the dynamical system near the fold. For the case when the dynamical system is subject to stochastic forcing we give an approximation to the probability of tipping if a parameter changing in time reverses near the tipping point. The derived approximations are valid if the parameter change in time is sufficiently slow. We demonstrate for a higher-dimensional system, a model for the Indian summer monsoon, how numerically observed escape from the equilibrium converge to our asymptotic expressions. The inverse-square law between peak of the parameter forcing and the time the parameter spends above a given threshold is also visible in the level curves of equal probability when the system is subject to random disturbances.

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30

Wörz, Beate, Mark Wieler, Viola Dehe, Peter Jeschke, and Michael Rabs. "Heat Transfer in a Square Ribbed Channel: Evaluation of Turbulent Heat Transfer Models." International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power 4, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp4030018.

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This paper presents the results of integral heat transfer measurements taken in a square ribbed cooling channel configuration for evaluating heat transfer and turbulent flow characteristics in convective cooled gas turbine blades and draws a comparison with numerical results. The heated section of the channel is either smooth or equipped with 45 ∘ crossed ribs on two opposite walls. The first part of the paper describes the instrumentation and experimental setup in detail. The second part compares the numerical calculations with the experimentally determined results. The turbulent heat transfer is calculated using two common algebraic models and three implemented explicit algebraic models, each time in combination with an explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model. The numerical calculations show that the use of higher-order models for the turbulent heat flux provides a higher accuracy of the heat transfer prediction for both configurations. The best model is able to predict almost all results within the experimental uncertainties.

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31

Lin, Chong-Pin. "Beijing and Taipei: Dialectics in Post-Tiananmen Interactions." China Quarterly 136 (December 1993): 770–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000032331.

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The brutality of the 4 June 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown ordered by Beijing quickly checked the former growing “mainland fever” among the inhabitants of Taiwan. It seemed that, with their aspiration to reunify with the People's Republic of China shattered forever, Taiwan's expanding non-governmental interactions with the mainland would cease indefinitely. Yet, on 5 July, 76 Taiwanese businessmen crossed the Taiwan Strait to attend an export commodities fair in Dalian. There, one Taiwanese visitor even made an investment of US$5 million.

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32

SANTRA, SITANGSHU BIKAS, and WILLIAM A. SEITZ. "DIFFUSION UNDER CROSSED LOCAL AND GLOBAL BIASES IN DISORDERED SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 11, no. 07 (October 2000): 1357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183100001188.

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Diffusion on 2D site percolation clusters at p = 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 above pc on the square lattice in the presence of two crossed bias fields, a local bias B and a global bias E, has been investigated. The global bias E is applied in a fixed global direction whereas the local bias B imposes a rotational constraint on the motion of the diffusing particle. The rms displacement Rt ~ tk in the presence of both biases is studied. Depending on the strength of E and B, the behavior of the random walker changes from diffusion to drift to no-drift or trapping. There is always diffusion for finite B with no global bias. A crossover from drift to no-drift at a critical global bias Ec is observed in the presence of local bias B for all disordered lattices. At the crossover, value of the rms exponent changes from k = 1 to k < 1, the drift velocity vt changes from constant in time t to decreasing power law nature, and the "relaxation" time τ has a maximum rate of change with respect to the global bias E. The value of critical bias Ec depends on the disorder p as well as on the strength of local bias B. Phase diagrams for diffusion, drift, and no-drift are obtained as a function of bias fields E and B for these systems.

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Schiller, K. F., V. Grams, and J. Bennewitz. "Analysis of growth and feed conversion in purebred and crossbred German Merinolandschaf lambs." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 1 (April 29, 2015): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-177-2015.

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Abstract. In this study, ewes of "Merinolandschaf", a breed widespread in southern Germany, were crossed with rams of five meat breed types (Ile de France, Charollais, German black-headed mutton sheep (Deutsches Schwarzköpfiges Fleischschaf), Suffolk, Texel) and Merinolandschaf rams. The resulting lambs (179 individuals) were fattened intensively from 55.3 days and body weight of 20.4 kg until 121.7 days and a weight of 40.9 kg. While fattening, feed intake was recorded and lambs were weighed weekly. Ile de France × Merinolandschaf and Texel × Merinolandschaf seem to be of greatest economic interest for intensive fattening because they showed the best feed conversion rate and energetic feed conversion rate. Only these crosses were significantly superior compared to purebred Merinolandschaf in feed conversion rate and also in daily body weight gain during the fattening period. Except Charollais × Merinolandschaf, all crosses showed at least a tendency of improvement in all three traits compared to Merinolandschaf, although this is not always significant. This underlines the advantage of one-way cross-breeding for efficiently producing lamb meat. The growth was modelled with a linear model and the Gompertz model. The results showed that both models fit the data well, although the average R2 was slightly higher and the average mean square error was slightly lower for the Gompertz model. In addition, the use of the Gompertz model provided some interesting biological insights concerning the growth of lambs and differences between the crosses, even though the lambs were slaughtered before reaching their mature body weight.

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Matias, M. J. S., and G. M. Habberjam. "The effect of structure and anisotropy on resistivity measurements." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 4 (April 1986): 964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442154.

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When conducting resistivity investigations over steeply dipping geologic structures, large orientational variations in resistivity response are commonly encountered. These variations can arise from resistivity contrasts between constituent layers or from anisotropy within the beds. When such structures are concealed, a thorough sampling of these orientational variations must be conducted. Field experience and model studies have shown that such sampling can be conveniently conducted using the crossed‐square array and that the orientational variations encountered can be adequately summarized by the anisotropically defined parameters of apparent resistivity, anisotropy, and strike derived from these array measurements.

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Akhi, Tuz Mia Nur, Mohiminul Adib, Quazi Sufia Islam, Irin Sultana, Rafiqul Haider, and Muhammad Ibrahim. "Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Assessment of Pharmacological Activities of Leaves and Stems of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v22i1.40078.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical profiles and pharmmacological activities of different extractives (methanol and chloroform) of the leaves and stems of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Preliminary phytochemical screenings demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, gums and amides and reducing sugar in leaves and stems. Significant α-amylase inhibitory activities were found by the methanol (66.67%) and chloroform (70.63%) extracts of leaves of G. procumbens as compared to the standard drug acarbose (95.45%) at a concentration of 400 μg/ml. In the castor oil-induced diarrhea, the maximum inhibition of defecation was found by the chloroform fraction. During the anxiolytic activity test which was performed by open field and hole cross method, different extractives of leaves and stems of G. procumbens (500 mg/kg bw) reduced the total count of square crossed and hole crossed to a considerable extent in comparison to the control groups. In antipyretic assay, both extracts reduced the temperature to a significant extent in comparison to the standard group. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 79-84, 2019

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Caws, Mary Ann. "Looking: Literature's Other." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 5 (October 2004): 1293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900101762.

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Arthur Danto's meditation, in his “Works of Art and Mere Real Things,” on a square of red paint and its various possible readings serves as a warning about multiple interpretations. This painting might be a story of the Egyptians and the Red Sea, after the Israelites crossed over. Or, then, a work by a Danish portraitist, labeled “Kierkegaard's Mood.” Or, then, one by a politically active painter, “Red Square.” Or by a disciple of Henri Matisse, “Red Table Cloth”—in this one, the paint would be more thickly applied. In my view, the most appropriate state we can muster is what the surrealists called “availability” (disponibilité)—openness to whatever might, of a sudden, happen in our understanding to achieve a presentness of perception, even as we note the clear risk of boundary crossings between the arts.

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Ohmes, G. Anthony, and J. Andy Kendig. "Inheritance of an ALS-Cross-Resistant Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Biotype." Weed Technology 13, no. 1 (March 1999): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00044985.

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A greenhouse experiment was conducted from 1995 to 1996 to determine the inheritance of ALS-cross-resistant common cocklebur. Two known biotypes (ALS-susceptible and ALS-resistant) were used in the experiment. Susceptible biotypes were crossed with pollen from resistant biotypes. F1 plants were self-pollinated. F2 plants were sprayed postemergence (POST) with a tank mixture of imazaquin at 280 g ai/ha and chlorimuron at 18 g ai/ha. Three distinct responses were observed: (1) no apparent effect (resistant), (2) yellowing of leaves with live terminals (intermediate), and (3) yellow leaves with dead terminals (typical symptoms of an ALS-susceptible common cocklebur). Chi-square tests indicated that an incomplete dominance model did not fit the data. Responses one and two were, therefore, combined and chi-square tests indicated a complete dominance model fit the data. This indicates that the cross-resistant trait is a dominant to semidominant trait.

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Jang, Moon-seok. ""“The Neutral” that crossed the Genkainada(Korea Strait): Choi In-Hoon’s “Square” and The Historical Experience of East Asia"." Critical Studies on Modern Korean History 46 (November 30, 2021): 17–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36432/csmkh.46.202111.1.

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Lin Yifu, 林一夫, 杨贤昭 Yang Xianzhao, and 李享成 Li Xiangcheng. "基于偶极子方环交叉元有损电容表面的薄宽带吸波器设计." Acta Optica Sinica 43, no. 3 (2023): 0322001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos221446.

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40

Christensen, Erik. "The block Schur product is a Hadamard product." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 126, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-121069.

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Given two $n \times n $ matrices $A = (a_{ij})$ and $B=(b_{ij}) $ with entries in $B(H)$ for some Hilbert space $H$, their block Schur product is the $n \times n$ matrix $ A\square B := (a_{ij}b_{ij})$. Given two continuous functions $f$ and $g$ on the torus with Fourier coefficients $(f_n)$ and $(g_n)$ their convolution product $f \star g$ has Fourier coefficients $(f_n g_n)$. Based on this, the Schur product on scalar matrices is also known as the Hadamard product. We show that for a C*-algebra $\mathcal{A} $, and a discrete group $G$ with an action $\alpha _g$ of $G$ on $\mathcal{A} $ by *-automorphisms, the reduced crossed product C*-algebra $\mathrm {C}^*_r(\mathcal{A} , \alpha , G)$ possesses a natural generalization of the convolution product, which we suggest should be named the Hadamard product. We show that this product has a natural Stinespring representation and we lift some known results on block Schur products to this setting, but we also show that the block Schur product is a special case of the Hadamard product in a crossed product algebra.

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Hsieh, S. S., and I. W. Huang. "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Laminar Flow in Horizontal Tubes With/Without Longitudinal Inserts." Journal of Heat Transfer 122, no. 3 (December 14, 1999): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1287502.

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Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of water flow in horizontal tubes with/without longitudinal inserts used as a heat exchanger tubing was experimentally studied. Testing was performed on bare tubes and tubes with square and rectangular as well as crossed-strip inserts with aspect ratios AR=1 and 4 and varied ratios of inlet mixed mean temperature to wall temperature of 0.88 to 0.97. The Reynolds number ranged from approximately 250 to 1750 for flow visualization and from 1700 to 4000 for the pressure drop and heat transfer measurements. Flow visualization, using a dye injection method, revealed a highly complex flow pattern including a secondary flow formed in the cross section for crossed-strip inserts. The thermal entrance length was found and correlated in terms of Re for this type of inserted tubes. The enhancement of heat transfer as compared to a conventional bare tube at the same Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter was found to be about a factor of 16 at Re⩽4000, while the friction factor rise was only about a factor of 4.5 at Re⩽4000. [S0022-1481(00)01303-7]

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Keyhani, E. "Relationship between various types of inclusions in the broncho-alveolar space of axolotl lung." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 970–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129139.

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The surfactant system of the mexican axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum exhibited the same basic structures as those described for mammalian surfactant. Here we report subdivision of the surfactant inclusions, their interconversion and their frequency in the lung of the axolotl.1)Type I inclusion or tubular myelin represented 8% of the total inclusions. It consisted of square to rectangular grid patterns (Figs. 1, 4). Each square or rectangle shared its walls with four neighboring units. The lattice appeared to be composed of membranous elements of 6 nm, crossing in two directions perpendicular to each other. A centrally located dense line of 2 nm diameter with a fuzzy contour crossed the middle section of each rectangle in its long axis (Fig. 4). Each rectangle measured about 17 x 27 nm for internal perimeter and 27 x 36 nm for center to center spacing of its membrane element. The average size of type I inclusions was about 0.8 μm.

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Tsokas, Gregory N., Panagiotis I. Tsourlos, and John E. Szymanski. "Square array resistivity anomalies and inhomogeneity ratio calculated by the finite‐element method." GEOPHYSICS 62, no. 2 (March 1997): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444153.

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In this work the square array configuration is studied. As with any four‐electrode measuring configuration, three different resistances can be measured directly and, in particular, by using the square array these resistance values can be used to obtain a measure of the apparent anisotropy: this is the so‐called azimuthal inhomogeneity ratio (AIR). The AIR is used widely to derive information regarding the directional variation of the subsurface resistivity. Similar types of information can be obtained using any collinear array but would need to be used in a crossed mode. This gives an operational advantage to the square array. Here, the AIR and the square α and β apparent resistivities have been calculated for a number of simple subsurface models. Moreover, the apparent resistivity responses for several different linear arrays were calculated to allow useful comparisons. The forward modeling has been carried out via a 2.5-D finite‐element scheme and an existing approach has been modified in order to calculate the potential variations parallel to the strike direction. Here, the use of AIR as a pattern recognition tool is investigated. The AIR anomalies are shown to delineate the edges of the targets successfully, retaining the same pattern when the model was shifted in depth, and indicating a satisfactory resolving ability. The AIR can be used as complementary information to the apparent resistivity measures and can improve the interpretation. However, careful consideration has to be given to the data noise.

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DUTTA, SUMANA, and OLIVER STEINBOCK. "SELF-AVOIDING CHIRAL WALKS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 11 (November 2010): 3717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410027982.

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We describe a simple, discrete model of deterministic chiral motion on a square lattice. The model is based on rotating walkers with trailing tails spanning L lattice bonds. These tail segments cannot overlap and their leading A segments cannot be crossed. As prescribed by their chirality, walkers must turn if possible, or go straight, or else correct earlier steps recursively. The resulting motion traces unbound trajectories and complex periodic orbits with various symmetries. Periods tend to decrease with increasing L and vary between L and L2. Interacting walkers can form intricate pair states. Some orbits match pinned spiral tip trajectories observed experimentally in excitable systems.

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Han, J. C., Y. M. Zhang, and C. P. Lee. "Influence of Surface Heat Flux Ratio on Heat Transfer Augmentation in Square Channels With Parallel, Crossed, and V-Shaped Angled Ribs." Journal of Turbomachinery 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 872–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928042.

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The effect of wall heat flux ratio on the local heat transfer augmentation in a square channel with two opposite in-line ribbed walls was investigated for Reynolds numbers from 15,000 to 80,000. The square channel composed of ten isolated copper sections has a length-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (L/D) of 20. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/D) is 0.0625 and the rib pitch-to-height ratio (P/e) equals 10. Six ribbed side to smooth side wall heat flux ratios (Case 1—q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = 1; Case 2—q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = 3; Case 3—q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = 6; Case 4—q″r1/q″s = 6 and q″r2/q″s = 4; Case 5—q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = ∞; Case 6—q″r1/q″s = ∞ and q″r2/q″s = 0) were studied for four rib orientations (90 deg rib, 60 deg parallel rib, 60 deg crossed rib, and 60 deg V-shaped rib). The results show that the ribbed side wall heat transfer augmentation increases with increasing ribbed side to smooth side wall heat flux ratios, but the reverse is true for the smooth side wall heat transfer augmentation. The average heat transfer augmentation of the ribbed side and smooth side wall decreases slightly with increasing wall heat flux ratios. Two ribbed side wall heating (Case 5—q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = ∞) provides a higher ribbed side wall heat transfer augmentation than the four-wall uniform heating (Case 1—q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = 1). The effect of wall heat flux ratio reduces with increasing Reynolds numbers. The results also indicate that the 60 deg V-shaped rib and 60 deg parallel rib perform better than the 60 deg crossed rib and 90 deg rib, regardless of wall heat flux ratio and Reynolds number.

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Sretenovic, Branislav, Ivana Vasiljevic, and Vesna Cvetkov. "The application of geoelectrical attributes based on crossed square array resistivity sounding data at 'Pudarske Kolibe' site in eastern Serbia." Tehnika 69, no. 4 (2014): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1404604s.

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Nandariyah, E. Yuniastuti, E. Purwanto, and R. D. Astuti. "Potential lines of black rice crossing with Jeliteng variety and their reciprocals." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1016, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1016/1/012017.

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Abstract Climate change causes an increase in rice plant pests, one of them is brown planthopper. The effort through an assembly of black rice potential lines was made by mutation induction of Cempo Ireng black rice, but it’s only able to shorten the age of plant without being able to improve rice resistance to brown planthopper. Jeliteng as a new high yielding variety of black rice that is resistant to brown planthopper biotype 1 makes it worthy of being a potential parent source. Reciprocal crosses needed to be carried out to get offspring that have superior traits from both parents. This research aims to get F1 generation from the potential lines of black rice crossing with the Jeliteng variety and their reciprocals to improve local varieties of black rice. The research was conducted in the experimental field of the village of Gawanan, Sukoharjo Regency from August 2020 to April 2021. The planting materials were the Jeliteng variety as male parents while 6 potential lines of black rice 8, 13, 44, 46, 51, 52, and Cempo Ireng variety as female parents. Crosses were conducted by hand crossing technique on 14 sets. The data were analyzed descriptively and using the Chi-square test. The results showed that the crossing set could be crossed and produced fertile F1 generation. The length of grain, the width of grain, and the weight of a grain of the F1 varied in all sets. The skin colour of the F1 generation in all sets was mostly straw yellow with brown spots.

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Singh, A. K., B. G. Rossnagel, G. J. Scoles, and R. A. Pickering. "Inheritance of scald resistance from barley lines 4176/10/n/3/2/6 and 145L2." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-063.

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Scald incited by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) J.J. Davis is an important fungal foliar disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that can cause significant yield and quality losses. While application of fungicides and/or cultural practices are possible control methods, the use of genetic resistance is a very desirable control strategy. Two New Zealand barley lines, 4176/10/n/3/2/6 and 145L2, derived from interspecific crosses, were evaluated in scald nurseries at Lacombe and Edmonton, AB, in 1998 and exhibited a high level of resistance. The objectives of this study were to further evaluate the level of resistance in these lines under western Canadian conditions and to study the inheritance of that resistance. Lines 4176/10/n/3/2/6 and 145L2 were each crossed with the scald susceptible cultivars CDC McGwire and RFLP Harrington. A scald screening nursery at Lacombe, AB, was utilized for disease testing in 1999 and nurseries at Lacombe and Edmonton, AB, were used in 2000. The F1 and F2 generations of all resistant/susceptible crosses were evaluated in 1999. One hundred F4:5 recombinant inbred lines from each cross were evaluated in replicated trials in 2000. Lines 4176/10/n/3/2/6 and 145L2 were resistant in all trials and resistant/susceptible populations segregated for single gene control of resistance in the F2 and F4:5 generations. Chi square analysis indicated that they possess a single dominant gene for resistance. These two lines should provide simply inherited sources of scald resistance for western Canada. Key words: Scald, barley, inheritance, resistance, Rhynchosporium secalis

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al Hagrey, Said Attia. "Electric study of fracture anisotropy at Falkenberg, Germany." GEOPHYSICS 59, no. 6 (June 1994): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443647.

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Electric and electromagnetic methods have been applied for mapping subsurface fractures and the directional dependence of in‐situ electric parameters at the hot dry rock site at Falkenberg, Germany. This study includes the determination of several anisotropy parameters like the mean, longitudinal and transverse resistivity components ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively), the anisotropy coefficient λ, and the strike angle Θ. Terrain conductivity measurements using the technique of frequency‐domain electromagnetic induction reveal a dominant anomaly strike of east‐south‐east— west‐north‐west, nearly parallel to the fracturing strike of N110°. With increasing distance from the central borehole, the mise à la masse potential differences exhibit a transition from a direct to a paradoxical relationship to the resistivity anisotropy induced by the fracturing. These observations are explained using a model for an ellipsoidal fracture. The qualitative interpretation of the sounding data of Schlumberger and crossed‐square arrays clearly shows the anisotropy paradox related to the N110° strike. The crossed‐square method applied over a range of electrode spacings of 2.1–447 m yields apparent anisotropy values of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], λ = 1.15–1.34 and Θ ≈ 110°. The quantitative interpretation of the sounding data shows a conductive fracture zone (ρ ≈ 300–700 ω ⋅ m) embedded in the resistive granitic basement (ρ > 1200 ω ⋅ m) at a depth of 55–85 m. The anisotropy parameters for the fracture zone are ρm = 700 ω ⋅ m, [Formula: see text], ρt = 1225 ω ⋅ m and λ = 1.75. The fact that the anisotropy coefficient of the conductive zone is higher than the apparent λ is in agreement with the conclusion that the anisotropy at the study site is related mainly to fracturing.

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Zhang, Jing, Shu-Ming Zhou, Li Xu, Wei Wu, and Xiucai Ye. "An efficient connected dominating set algorithm in WSNs based on the induced tree of the crossed cube." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2015-0023.

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Abstract The connected dominating set (CDS) has become a well-known approach for constructing a virtual backbone in wireless sensor networks. Then traffic can forwarded by the virtual backbone and other nodes turn off their radios to save energy. Furthermore, a smaller CDS incurs fewer interference problems. However, constructing a minimum CDS is an NP-hard problem, and thus most researchers concentrate on how to derive approximate algorithms. In this paper, a novel algorithm based on the induced tree of the crossed cube (ITCC) is presented. The ITCC is to find a maximal independent set (MIS), which is based on building an induced tree of the crossed cube network, and then to connect the MIS nodes to form a CDS. The priority of an induced tree is determined according to a new parameter, the degree of the node in the square of a graph. This paper presents the proof that the ITCC generates a CDS with a lower approximation ratio. Furthermore, it is proved that the cardinality of the induced trees is a Fibonacci sequence, and an upper bound to the number of the dominating set is established. The simulations show that the algorithm provides the smallest CDS size compared with some other traditional algorithms.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Crossed square'

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