Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crossed square

Academic literature on the topic 'Crossed square'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crossed square"

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Gupta, N. K., and S. K. Sinha. "Lateral compression of crossed layers of square-section tubes." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 32, no. 7 (January 1990): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(90)90102-o.

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Lau, S. C., R. D. McMillin, and J. C. Han. "Heat Transfer Characteristics of Turbulent Flow in a Square Channel With Angled Discrete Ribs." Journal of Turbomachinery 113, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927885.

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Experiments have been conducted to study the turbulent heat transfer and friction for fully developed flow of air in a square channel in which two opposite walls are roughened with 90 deg full ribs, parallel and crossed full ribs with angles of attack (α) of 60 and 45 deg, 90 deg discrete ribs, and parallel and crossed discrete ribs with α = 60, 45, and 30 deg. The discrete ribs are staggered in alternate rows of three and two ribs. Results are obtained for a rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio of 0.0625, a rib pitch-to-height ratio of 10, and Reynolds numbers between 10,000 and 80,000. Parallel angled discrete ribs are superior to 90 deg discrete ribs and parallel angled full ribs, and are recommended for internal cooling passages in gas turbine airfoils. For α = 60 and 45 deg, parallel discrete ribs have higher ribbed wall heat transfer, lower smooth wall heat transfer, and lower channel pressure drop than parallel full ribs. Parallel 60 deg discrete ribs have the highest ribbed wall heat transfer and parallel 30 deg discrete ribs cause the lowest pressure drop. The heat transfer and pressure drops in crossed angled full and discrete rib cases are all lower than those in the corresponding 90 deg and parallel angled rib cases. Crossed arrays of angled ribs have poor thermal performance and are not recommended.
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Han, J. C., Y. M. Zhang, and C. P. Lee. "Augmented Heat Transfer in Square Channels With Parallel, Crossed, and V-Shaped Angled Ribs." Journal of Heat Transfer 113, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910606.

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The effect of the rib angle orientation on the local heat transfer distributions and pressure drop in a square channel with two opposite in-line ribbed walls was investigated for Reynolds numbers from 15,000 to 90,000. The square channel composed of ten isolated copper sections has a length-to-hydraulic diameter ratio of 20; the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio is 0.0625; the rib pitch-to-height ratio equals 10. Nine rib configurations were studied: 90 deg rib, 60 and 45 deg parallel ribs, 60 and 45 deg crossed ribs, 60 and 45 deg ∨-shaped ribs, and 60 and 45 deg ∧-shaped ribs. The results show that the 60 deg (or 45 deg) ∨-shaped rib performs better than the 60 deg (or 45 deg) parallel rib and, subsequently, better than the 60 deg (or 45 deg) crossed rib and the 90 deg rib. The ∨-shaped rib produces the highest heat transfer augmentation, while the ∧-shaped rib generates the greatest pressure drop. The crossed rib has the lowest heat transfer enhancement and the smallest pressure drop penalty.
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Palanisamy, V., and R. Garg. "Analysis of circularly polarized square ring and crossed-strip microstrip antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 34, no. 11 (November 1986): 1340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.1986.1143766.

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Sretenovic, B. B. "Anisotropic analysis of crossed square resistivity measurements in a sedimentary basin." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 28, no. 6 (November 1991): A362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(91)91385-5.

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LIU, Yujie, and Yuehe GE. "Polarization-Reconfigurable Flat Transmitarray Based on Square Frame and Crossed Dipole Elements." IEICE Transactions on Communications E100.B, no. 10 (2017): 1904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2016ebp3440.

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Feng, Guirong, Lei Chen, Xingsi Xue, Na Li, and Xiaowei Shi. "Broadband CP crossed‐stepped‐dipole antenna incorporating a cross slotted square patch." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2018.5254.

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Wheelwright, A. V., and C. A. Glasbey. "Distances between censored intersections between a square lattice and a random smooth path." Journal of Applied Probability 30, no. 1 (March 1993): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214640.

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A random smooth path of infinite length crossed a square lattice. Intersections with the lattice were censored if they lay within a threshold distance of a preceding uncensored intersection, defined by tracking along the path in one direction. The distribution of distances between consecutive uncensored intersections is derived.
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Wheelwright, A. V., and C. A. Glasbey. "Distances between censored intersections between a square lattice and a random smooth path." Journal of Applied Probability 30, no. 01 (March 1993): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200044181.

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A random smooth path of infinite length crossed a square lattice. Intersections with the lattice were censored if they lay within a threshold distance of a preceding uncensored intersection, defined by tracking along the path in one direction. The distribution of distances between consecutive uncensored intersections is derived.
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Gelvonauskis, B., and D. Gelvonauskienė. "Using scab resistant donors in apple breeding." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 600–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10566-pps.

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Apple cultivars were crossed according to the half-diallel and topcross mating design. Apple scab resistance of seedlings was estimated by using a 0–5 scale: 0 – no infection on leaves, 5 – more than 75% of leaf area infected. Percentage of scab resistant seedlings in crosses involving cultivars Prima varied from 35.8% to 67.6%, involving cultivars Florina and Arbat – 51.9–59.5% and 53.5–72.5%, respectively. Significant differences for resistance to scab were found among the crosses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant. The significance of GCA for scab resistance shows that genetic variability exists for this trait and selection should result in genetic progress, because the mean square for GCA was larger than that calculated for SCA. Therefore, selection of parents on its phenotype should be effective for development of resistant apple cultivars. The significant SCA estimates indicate that a large number of resistant seedlings from particular crosses should be selected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crossed square"

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DI, MICCO DAVIDE. "AN INTRINSIC APPROACH TO THE NON-ABELIAN TENSOR PRODUCT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/703934.

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The notion of a non-abelian tensor product of groups first appeared in a paper where Brown and Loday generalised a theorem on CW-complexes by using the new notion of non-abelian tensor product of two groups acting on each other, instead of the usual tensor product of abelian groups. In particular, they took two groups acting on each other and they defined their non-abelian tensor product via an explicit presentation. This led to the development of an algebraic theory based on this construction. Many results were obtained treating the properties which are satisfied by this non-abelian tensor product as well as some explicit calculations in particular classes of groups. In order to state many of their results regarding this tensor product, Brown and Loday needed to require, as an additional condition, that the two groups M and N acted on each other compatibly: these amount to the existence of a group L and of two crossed modules structures of M and N on L such that the original actions are induced from these crossed module structures. Furthermore, they proved that the non-abelian tensor product is part of a so-called crossed square of groups: this particular crossed square is the pushout of a specific diagram in the category of crossed squares of groups. Note that crossed squares are a 2-dimensional version of crossed modules of groups. Following the idea of generalising the algebraic theory arising from the study of the non-abelian tensor product of groups, Ellis gave a definition of non-abelian tensor product of Lie algebras, and obtained similar results. Further generalisations have been studied in the contexts of Leibniz algebras, restricted Lie algebras, Lie-Rinehart algebras, Hom-Lie algebras, Hom-Leibniz algebras, Hom-Lie-Rinehart algebras, Lie superalgebras and restricted Lie superalgebras. The aim of our work is to build a general version of non-abelian tensor product, having the specific definitions in the categories of groups and Lie algebras as particular instances. In order to do so we first extend the concept of a pair of compatible actions (introduced in the case of groups by Brown and Loday and in the case of Lie algebras by Ellis) to semi-abelian categories. This is indeed the most general environment in which we are able to talk about actions, due to the concept of internal actions. In this general context, we give a diagrammatic definition of the compatibility conditions for internal actions, which specialises to the particular definitions known for groups and Lie algebras. We then give a new construction of the Peiffer product in this setting and we use these tools to show that in any semi-abelian category satisfying the "Smith-is-Huq" condition, asking that two actions are compatible is the same as requiring that these actions are induced from a pair of internal crossed modules over a common base object. Thanks to this equivalence, in order to deal with the generalisation to the semi-abelian context of the non-abelian tensor product, we are able to use a pair of internal crossed modules over a common base object instead of a pair of compatible internal actions, whose formalism is far more intricate. Now we fix a semi-abelian category A satisfying "Smith-is-Huq" and we show that, for each pair of internal L-crossed modules, it is possible to construct an internal crossed square which is the pushout (in the category of crossed squares) of the general version of the diagram used by Brown and Loday in the groups case. The non-abelian tensor product is then defined as a piece of this internal crossed square. We show that if A is the category of groups or the category of Lie algebras, this general construction coincides with the specific notions of non-abelian tensor products already known in these settings. We construct an L-crossed module structure on this non-abelian tensor product, some additional universal properties are shown and by using these we prove that this tensor product is a bifunctor. Once we have the non-abelian tensor product among our tools, we are also able to state the new definition of "weak crossed square": the idea behind this is to generalise the explicit presentations of crossed squares known for groups and for Lie algebras. These equivalent definitions, which (contrarily to the semi-abelian one) do not rely on the formalism of internal groupoids but include some set-theoretic constructions, are shown to be equivalent to the implicit ones, where, by definition, crossed squares are crossed modules of crossed modules and hence normalisations of double groupoids. Our idea is to give an alternative explicit description of crossed squares of groups (resp. Lie algebras) using the non-abelian tensor product, so that it does not involve anymore the so-called emph{crossed pairing} (resp. emph{Lie pairing}), which is not a morphism in the base category but only a set-theoretic function; in its place we use a morphism from the non-abelian tensor product which is more suitable for generalisations. Doing so, the explicit definitions can be summarised by saying that a crossed square is a commutative square of crossed modules, compatible with an additional crossed module structure on the diagonal, and endowed with a morphism out of the non-abelian tensor product. Our definition of weak crossed squares is based on the one of non-abelian tensor product and plays the role of the explicit version of the definition of internal crossed squares: in particular we proved that it restricts to the explicit definitions for groups and Lie algebras and hence that in these cases weak crossed squares are equivalent to crossed squares. So far we have shown that any internal crossed square is automatically a weak crossed square, but we are currently missing precise conditions on the base category under which the converse is true: this means that any internal crossed square can be described explicitly as a particular weak crossed square, but this is not a complete characterisation. In order to give a direct application of our non-abelian tensor product construction, we focus on universal central extensions in the category of L-crossed modules: Casas and Van der Linden studied the theory of universal central extensions in semi-abelian categories, using the general notion of central extension (with respect to a Birkhoff subcategory) given by Janelidze and Kelly. We are mainly interested in one of their results, namely that, given a Birkhoff subcategory B of a semi-abelian category X with enough projectives, an object of X is B-perfect if and only if it admits a universal B-central extension. Edalatzadeh considered the category of L-crossed modules of Lie algebras and crossed modules with vanishing aspherical commutator as Birkhoff subcategory B. Since the first one is not a semi-abelian category the existing theory does not apply in this situation: nevertheless he managed to prove the same result, and furthermore he gave an explicit construction of the universal B-central extensions by using the non-abelian tensor product of Lie algebras. Using our general definition of non-abelian tensor product of L-crossed modules as given in the third chapter, we are able to extend Edalatzadeh's results to the category of L-crossed modules in any semi-abelian category A satisfying the "Smith-is-Huq" condition: this is a useful application of the construction of the non-abelian tensor product, which again manages to express in this more general setting exactly the same properties as in its known particular instances. Furthermore, taking the subcategory of abelian objects as Birkhoff subcategory of the category of crossed modules in A, we are able to show that, whenever the category A has enough projectives, our generalisation of Edalatzadeh's work is partly a consequence of Casas' and Van der Linden's theorem, reframing Edalatzadeh's result within the standard theory of universal central extensions in the semi-abelian context. There are two non-trivial consequences of this fact. First of all, besides the existence of the universal B-central extension for each B-perfect crossed module in A, we are also able to give its explicit construction by using the non-abelian tensor product: notice that this construction is completely unrelated to what has been done by Casas and Van der Linden. Secondly, this construction of universal B-central extensions is valid even when A does not have enough projectives, whereas within the general theory this is a key requirement for the result to hold.
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Bull, James. "Application of Quantum Mechanics to Fundamental Interactions in Chemical Physics: Studies of Atom-Molecule and Ion-Molecule Interactions Under Single-Collision Conditions: Crossed Molecular Beams; Single-Crystal Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Microscopic Tensor Properties of ⁵⁷Fe Sites in Inorganic Ferrous High-Spin Compounds." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Chemistry, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4292.

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As part of this project and in preparation for future experimental studies of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions, extensive modification and characterization of the crossed molecular beam machine in the Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury has been carried out. This instrument has been configured and some preliminary testing completed to enable the future study of gas-phase ion-molecule collisions of H⁺₃ and Y⁻ (Y = F, Cl, Br) with dipole-oriented CZ₃X (Z = H, F and X = F, Cl, Br). Theoretical calculations (ab initio and density functional theory) are reported on previously experimentally characterized Na + CH₃NO₂, Na + CH₃NC, and K + CH₃NC systems, and several other systems of relevance. All gas-phase experimental and theoretical studies have the common theme of studying collision orientation dependence of reaction under singlecollision conditions. Experimental measurements, theoretical simulations and calculations are also reported on some selected ferrous (Fe²⁺) high-spin (S=2) crystals, in an attempt to resolve microscopic contributions of two fundamental macroscopic tensor properties: the electric-field gradient (efg); and the mean square displacement (msd) in the case when more than one symmetry related site of low local point-group symmetry contributes to the same quadrupole doublet. These determinations have been made using the nuclear spectroscopic technique of Mössbauer spectroscopy, and complemented with X-ray crystallographic measurements.
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Britton, Michael C. "Practical square cross-section helical antennas." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ43337.pdf.

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Britton, Michael C. (Michael Charles) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electronics. "Practical square cross-section helical antennas." Ottawa, 1999.

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PIZZAMIGLIO, LINDA. "Cohomologies of crossed modules." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/50169.

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Onipede, Bolarinwa O. "Design of a cross section reduction extrusion tool for square bars." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4880.

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The objective of this project is to design a tool for moderate cross section reduction of bars that are deformed within a channel slider tool that is used for equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The bars that are deformed via ECAE have an initial square cross section with a nominal value of 1.00 in2 and aspect ratios (length/width) ranging between 4 and 6. A systems engineering design methodology is used to generate a topbottom approach in the development of the tool's design. This includes defining a need statement, which is the "Need for an area reduction extrusion tool to replace the current practices of machining ECAE processed billets". The system functions and requirements are defined next and used to generate three concepts that are compared to select the winning concept for further refinement. Major components of the selected tool are: a container, ram, base plate, punch plate, four die-inserts, four wedges and four flange locks. For materials, such as copper (C10100) and aluminum (Al6061-T6), that can be processed by this tool, the upper bound extrusion pressure, which is derived by limit analysis, is set at 192 ksi. The upper bound extrusion pressure is constrained by the buckling limit of the ram, which is 202 ksi. The maximum wall stress experienced by the container is 113 ksi. For materials with the same cross section and dimensions, fixed end conditions of the Ram support larger bucking loads when compared to other end conditions such as rounded ends or rounded-fixed ends. With the application of the upper bound method, an increase in the extrusion ratio of the tool causes a corresponding rise in the optimal cone angle of the die further translating to a rise in the extrusion pressure.
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Leong, Wa-Un Alexis. "A study of aerodynamic and mechanical interference effects between two neighbouring square towers." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311865.

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Fernandes, Diogo. "Low-cost implementation techniques for generic square and cross M-QAM constellations." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1555.

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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar técnicas com complexidade computacional reduzida para implementação em hardware do modulador de amplitude em quadratura M-ária (M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation - M-QAM) de elevada ordem, que pode ser viável para sistemas banda larga. As técnicas propostas abrangem as constelações M-QAM quadradas e cruzadas (número par e ímpar de bits), a regra de decisão abrupta (hard decison rule), derivação de constelações M-QAM de baixa ordem das de elevada ordem. A análise de desempenho em termos de taxa de bits errados (bit error rate - BER) é realizada quando os símbolos M-QAM são corrompidos por ruído Gaussiano branco aditivo (additive white Gaussian noise - AWGN) e ruído Gaussiano impulsivo aditivo (additive impulsive Gaussian noise - AIGN). Os resultados de desempenho da taxa de bits errados mostram que a perda de desempenho das técnicas propostas é, em média, inferior a 1 dB, o que é um resultado surpreendente. Além disso, a implementação das técnicas propostas em arranjo de portas programáveis em campo (field programmable gate array - FPGA) é descrita e analisada. Os resultados obtidos com as implementações em dispositivo FPGA mostram que as técnicas propostas podem reduzir consideravelmente a utilização de recursos de hardware se comparadas com as técnicas presentes na literatura. Uma melhoria notável em termos de redução da utilização de recursos de hardware é conseguida através da utilização da técnica de modulação M-QAM genérica em comparação com a técnica de regra de decisão heurística (heuristic decision rule - HDR) aprimorada e uma técnica previamente concebida, a tà c cnica HDR. Com base nas análises apresentadas, a técnica HDR aprimorada é menos complexa do que a técnica HDR. Finalmente, os resultados numéricos mostram que a técnica de modulação M-QAM genérica pode ser oito vezes mais rápida do que as outras duas técnicas apresentadas, quando um grande número de símbolos M-QAM (p. ex., > 1000) são transmitidos consecutivamente.
This work aims at introducing techniques with reduced computational complexity for hardware implementation of high order M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) which may be feasible for broadband communication systems. The proposed techniques cover both square and cross M-QAM constellations (even and odd number of bits), hard decision rule, derivation of low-order M-QAM constellations from high order ones. Performance analyses, in terms of bit error rate (BER) is carried out when the M-QAM symbols are corrupted by either additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) or additive impulsive Gaussian noise (AIGN). The bit error rate performance results show that the performance loss of the proposed techniques is, on average, less than 1 dB, which is a remarkable result. Additionally, the implementation of the proposed techniques in field programmable gate array (FPGA) device is described and outlined. The results based on FPGA show that the proposed techniques can considerably reduce hardware resource utilization. A remarkable improvement in terms of hardware resource utilization reduction is achieved by using the generic M-QAM technique in comparison with the enhanced heuristic decision rule (HDR) technique and a previously designed technique, the HDR technique. Based on the analyses performed, the enhanced HDR technique is less complex than the HDR technique. Finally, the numerical results show that the generic M-QAM technique can be eight times faster than the other two techniques when a large number of M-QAM symbols (e.g., > 1000) are consecutively transmitted.
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Sudarsan, Rangarajan. "Numerical investigation of shear-driven flow in a toroid of square cross-section." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279918.

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A numerical investigation has been performed for the 3-D flow of an incompressible fluid in a torus shaped enclosure of square cross-section, where the fluid motion is induced by sliding the top wall of the enclosure radially outwards. The flow in this geometry is characterized by two non-dimensional numbers, the curvature ratio (δ=d/Rc) and the Reynolds number (Re=uwalld/v) where Rc is the radius of curvature of the torus at the center of the cavity, d is the side length of the enclosure cross-section and uwall the velocity of the top wall of the enclosure. Calculations were performed for 3-D flow in an almost straight enclosure with δ = 0.005 at Re = 3200 and a strongly curved one with δ = 0.25 at Re = 2400. The 3-D flow was computed by choosing a small sector of the torus and applying periodic boundary conditions along the circumferential boundary. The 3-D flow calculations were started with axi-symmetric flow as initial condition and perturbed by a small random disturbance to seed the centrifugal instability into the flow. Integral quantites defined using different components of the vorticity were monitored at different cross sectional planes to study the development and dynamics of the 3-D flow. A technique of volume visualization was used to visualize r vorticity and θ vorticity contours through out the computational domain to understand the dynamics of the 3-D flow. The 3-D flow calculated for both cases δ = 0.005 and 0.25 shows span-wise vortices also called Taylor-Gortler-Like vortices. These vortices while being convected around by the primary re-circulating flow in the torus cross-section experience span-wise oscillation resulting from a secondary instability accompanied by their growth and collapse in size. The net effect of this dynamics results in the periodic rearrangement of the vortices, when viewed along the circumferential span. Volume visualization of r-vorticity contours show the existence of two pairs of vortices wrapped around each other as they are convected around by the primary re-circulating flow. The dynamics that induce the periodic rearrangement have been explained from volume visualization of the vorticity components. "Vortex tilting" of theta-component of vorticity is identified as a mechanism for explaining the interaction of the primary re-circulating flow in the span-wise vortices present.
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Sanchez, Benito. "Two essays on the predictability of asset prices: "Benchmarking problems and long horizon abnormal returns" and, "Low R square in the cross section of expected returns"." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1080.

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This dissertation consists of two essays on predictability of asset prices. "Benchmarking problems and long horizon abnormal returns" and, "Low R-square in the cross section of expected returns". Long run abnormal returns following Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), Seasoned Equity Offers (SEO) and other firm level events are well documented in the finance literature. These findings are difficult to reconcile in an efficient markets world. I examine the seriousness of potential benchmarking errors on the measurement of abnormal returns. I find that the simpler, more parsimonious models perform better in practice and finds that excess performance is not predictable regardless of the APM. Thus, the long run underperformance following SEOs found in the literature is consistent with market efficiency because excess performance itself is not predictable. In the other essay, "Low R-square in the cross section of expected returns", I examine the “low R-square” phenomenon observed in the literature. CAPM predicts exact linear relationship between return and betas (SML). This means that estimated time series betas for firms should be related with firms' future returns. However, the estimated betas have almost no relationship with future returns. The cross-sectional R2 are surprising low (3% average) while time series R2 are higher (around 30 % average). He develops a simple asset pricing model that explains this phenomenon. Even in a perfect world where there are no errors in the benchmark measurement or estimation of the price of market risk the difference in R-squares can be quite large due to the difference in variance between the "market" and average returns. I document that market variance exceeds the variance of average returns, with few exceptions, for the last 74 years.
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Books on the topic "Crossed square"

1

Cammilleri, Rino. Il quadrato magico. Milano: Rizzoli, 1999.

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Wu, Jie. A least-squares finite element method for electromagnetic scattering problems. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1996.

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Jie, Wu. A least-squares finite element method for electromagnetic scattering problems. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1996.

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1940-, Jiang Bo-Nan, and Lewis Research Center. Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion., eds. A least-squares finite element method for electromagnetic scattering problems. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1996.

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Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium pro Familia. The way of the cross during the jubilee of families: October 12, 2000 in St. Peter's Square. Citta del Vaticano: Pontifical Council for the Family, 1996.

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Understanding Tahrir Square: What transitions elsewhere can teach us about the prospects for Arab democracy. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press, 2014.

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Undercover with Mandela's Spies: The Story of the Boy Who Crossed the Square. Jacana Education, 2019.

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Goehr, Lydia. Red Sea-Red Square-Red Thread. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197572443.001.0001.

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Red Sea—Red Square—Red Thread is a work of passages. It offers a genealogy of liberty through a micrology of wit. It follows a long history of a very short anecdote: commissioned to depict the biblical passage through the Red Sea, a painter covered a surface with red paint, explaining that the Israelites had already crossed over and that the Egyptians were drowned. Who was the painter and who the first teller of the tale? Designed as a philosophical detective story, the book follows the extraordinarily many thinkers and artists who have used the Red Sea anecdote to make much more than a merely anecdotal point, foremost the philosophers Arthur Danto and Søren Kierkegaard, the writer Henri Murger, the opera composer Giacomo Puccini, and the painter William Hogarth. Strange companions perhaps, until their shared use of the anecdote proves its extraordinary passage through so many cosmopolitan cities. What brings Danto’s philosophy of art into conversation with Kierkegaard’s stages on life’s way, with Murger and Puccini’s la vie de bohème, and with Hogarth’s modern moral pictures? The book explores narratives of emancipation in philosophy, theology, politics, and the arts. What has the passage of the Israelites to do with the Egyptians who came to be branded as bohemians when arriving in France from the German lands of Bohemia? What have Moses and monotheism to do with the history of monism and the monochrome? And what sort of thread connects a sea to a square when each so purposefully is named red?
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Cigarette Sellers of Three Crosses Square. Runestone Pr, 2000.

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Spirit of Life Crosses & Doves in Square Bracelet. Monarch Creations, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crossed square"

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Zeng, Lijiang, and Lifeng Li. "Fabrication of Square-Lattice Crossed Gratings Based on Diffraction of a Reference Grating." In Fringe 2013, 827–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36359-7_150.

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Intrigila, Claudio, Nicola Antonio Nodargi, and Paolo Bisegna. "Square Cross Vaults on Spreading Supports." In RILEM Bookseries, 1045–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_113.

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Cleophas, Ton J., and Aeilko H. Zwinderman. "Chi-Square Tests for Cross-Tabs." In Statistical Analysis of Clinical Data on a Pocket Calculator, 31–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1211-9_11.

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Cleophas, Ton J., and Aeilko H. Zwinderman. "Chi-Square Tests for Large Cross-Tabs." In Clinical Data Analysis on a Pocket Calculator, 237–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27104-0_42.

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Chin, Wynne W. "Bootstrap Cross-Validation Indices for PLS Path Model Assessment." In Handbook of Partial Least Squares, 83–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_4.

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Su, Z. D., Y. Liu, H. J. Zhang, and D. F. Zhang. "Force Control of a Square Cylinder in Cross Flow." In New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research, 497. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75995-9_160.

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Aneja, Varun, and Neelam Rani. "Interference Effect Between Tall Buildings with Square Cross-Sections." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 43–54. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4055-2_4.

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Sadanala, Chiranjeevi, Swapnajit Pattnaik, and Vinay Pratap Singh. "A Novel Cross Connected Square T-Type Multilevel Inverter." In Advances in Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation, and Control, 1737–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8221-9_162.

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Morgan, George A., Karen C. Barrett, Nancy L. Leech, and Gene W. Gloeckner. "Cross-Tabulation, Chi-Square, and Nonparametric Measures of Association." In IBM SPSS for Introductory Statistics: Use and Interpretation, 135–50. Sixth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429287657-7.

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Ruiz, David Martín, Dwayne D. Gremler, Judith H. Washburn, and Gabriel Cepeda Carrión. "Reframing Customer Value in a Service-Based Paradigm: An Evaluation of a Formative Measure in a Multi-industry, Cross-cultural Context." In Handbook of Partial Least Squares, 535–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crossed square"

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Giudici, M., J. Mulet, J. Javaloyes, and S. Balle. "Square-wave switching by crossed-polarization reinjection in VCSELs." In 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386994.

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Liang, Shu, Bo Chen, Menglong Chen, Jing Tian, Jiuzhou Gao, and Qi Xie. "Broadband Circularly Polarized Crossed-Dipole Antenna with a Square Loop." In 2020 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt49418.2020.9386922.

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Cao, Zhen, Zan Wu, Jin-yuan Qian, and Bengt Sunden. "Water-Oil Flow in Square Microchannels With a Crossed Junction." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83056.

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In the present study, water-oil flow patterns and slug hydrodynamics were experimentally studied in square glass microchannels with various hydraulic diameters (Dh = 600 μm, 400 μm, 200 μm). The aqueous phase is the continuous phase while the organic phase is the dispersed phase. The ranges of flow rates of the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are 0–200 ml/h and 0–12 ml/h, 0–120 ml/h and 0–6 ml/h, and 0–60 ml/h and 0–2 ml/h in the microchannels with Dh = 600 μm, 400 μm and 200 μm, respectively. The results show that the hydraulic diameter has significant effects on flow patterns and three main flow patterns are observed, i.e., annular flow, slug flow and droplet flow. Generally, annular flow appeared at high flow rates of the dispersed phase and low flow rates of the continuous phase, while droplet flow appeared at low flow rates of the dispersed phase and high flow rates of the continuous phase. However, slug flow existed at comparable flow rates of the continuous and dispersed phases. A dimensionless analysis is carried out and a new dimensionless group including Weber number and Reynolds number is derived. The new defined dimensionless group performs well to develop a general flow pattern map. In addition, slug flow hydrodynamics are investigated as well in the present study, considering the slug length and slug velocity. Based on the present experimental results, a new scaling law is proposed to predict the slug length and it shows a good agreement with the experimental results. It has been widely reported that slug velocities depend linearly on the total flow rates of the two phases, which is consistent with the present study. The linear law provides a good prediction of the experimental slug velocities but different slopes are suggested in microchannels with different hydraulic diameters.
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Yeliseyeva, N. P., A. N. Gorobets, V. A. Katrich, and S. V. Pshenichnaya. "Directional and polarization characteristics of crossed impedance wire dipoles with square screen." In 2017 International Conference on Information and Telecommunication Technologies and Radio Electronics (UkrMiCo). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ukrmico.2017.8095374.

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Ciric, D., and B. Sretenovic. "Standard and crossed square array sounding over a 2D structure in anisotropic media." In 55th EAEG Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411679.

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Lau, S. C., R. D. McMillin, and J. C. Han. "Heat Transfer Characteristics of Turbulent Flow in a Square Channel With Angled Discrete Ribs." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-254.

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Experiments have been conducted to study the turbulent heat transfer and friction for fully developed flow of air in a square channel in which two opposite walls are roughened with 90° full ribs, parallel and crossed full ribs with angles-of-attack (α) of 60° and 45°, 90° discrete ribs, and parallel and crossed discrete ribs with = 60°, 45°, and 30°. The discrete ribs are staggered in alternate rows of three and two ribs. Results are obtained for a rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio of 0.0625, a rib pitch-to-height ratio of 10, and Reynolds numbers between 10,000 and 80,000. Parallel angled discrete ribs are superior to 90° discrete ribs and parallel angled full ribs, and are recommended for internal cooling passages in gas turbine airfoils. For α = 60° and 45°, parallel discrete ribs have higher ribbed wall heat transfer, lower smooth wall heat transfer, and lower channel pressure drop than parallel full ribs. Parallel 60° discrete ribs have the highest ribbed wall heat transfer and parallel 30° discrete ribs cause the lowest pressure drop. The heat transfer and pressure drops in crossed angled full and discrete rib cases are all lower than those in the corresponding 90° and parallel angled rib cases. Crossed arrays of angled ribs have poor thermal performance and are not recommended.
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Han, Song, Ze-Hong Yan, Rui He, and Yan-Bo Meng. "A low-profile dual-polarized crossed dipole antenna on a square annular AMC surface." In 2019 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt45702.2019.8992352.

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Bayewu, O., M. Oloruntola, G. Mosuro, T. Laniyan, and K. Bakare. "Fracture Detection and Secondary Porosity Estimation in Basement Terrain Using Crossed Square Array Resistivity Method." In 24th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802599.

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Wieler, M., B. Woerz, P. Jeschke, and M. Rabs. "Developing Secondary Flow and Heat Transfer in the Entrance Region of a Square Channel With 45° Crossed Rib Arrangement." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90801.

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Abstract This paper presents developing secondary flow and heat transfer measurements in a ribbed cooling channel. Experiments are carried out for Reynolds number ranging from 25,000–140,000. Regionally averaged local heat transfer measurements are conducted using heated copper segments. Flow measurements are carried out using a miniature five-hole pressure probe and presented for cross sections at intervals of 1.8 hydraulic diameters dh in flow direction. Results are compared to numerical simulations using explicit algebraic Reynolds stress and turbulent heat transfer models. The paper focuses on the entrance region where secondary flow structure has not emerged yet. The findings show that the well-known secondary flow structure of the crossed rib configuration, consisting of one large single rotating secondary flow, is not established until approximately 6–7 dh in main flow direction. Instead two opposed vortices are identified which dominate the flow characteristics and provide an increase in heat transfer of up to 15–20% when compared to the periodically developed flow condition. Thus, for the first time to the author’s knowledge, the paper describes in detail the developing secondary flow in a crossed rib arrangement and links it to the heat transfer distribution observed. In summary, this paper stresses the importance of the developing flow region for the design process in convection cooled gas turbines, especially for short channels of high pressure blades and vanes, as it has a significant effect on cooling channel heat transfer performance.
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de Groot, Peter, and James Soobitsky. "Interferometer for measuring polarization and birefringence." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1996.owc.5.

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Optical instrument and component fabrication often involves sensitive measurements of the polarization state of light. A common way of determining the polarizing properties of a sample is to place it between crossed polarizers. The crossed-polarizer method is easy to perform and to understand, but it is not sensitive enough for many applications because the intensity signal is proportional to the square of the electric field. When the electric field is very small, the intensity signal may be so small that it cannot be measured with any meaningful resolution.
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Reports on the topic "Crossed square"

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Hall, P., and J. S. Marron. Extent to which Least-Squares Cross-Validation Minimises Integrated Square Error in Nonparametric Density Estimation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada153789.

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Krane, John. The ratio of inclusive jet cross sections at square √s = 630 GeV and square √s = 1800 GeV. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3125.

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Hahn, Ki Suk. Multijet cross section ratios in p$\bar{p}$ collisions at square √s = 1.8 TeV. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3118.

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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri, and Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.

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In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.
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Vlimant, Jean-Roch. Measurement of cross section of production of pairs of top quarks /anti-signal in proton/anti-proton collisions at the square root of 1.96 TeV. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1415853.

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Lines, Lisa M., Marque C. Long, Jamie L. Humphrey, Crystal T. Nguyen, Suzannah Scanlon, Olivia K. G. Berzin, Matthew C. Brown, and Anupa Bir. Artificially Intelligent Social Risk Adjustment: Development and Pilot Testing in Ohio. RTI Press, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.rr.0047.2209.

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Prominent voices have called for a better way to measure, predict, and adjust for social factors in healthcare and population health. Local area characteristics are sometimes framed as a proxy for patient characteristics, but they are often independently associated with health outcomes. We have developed an “artificially intelligent” approach to risk adjustment for local social determinants of health (SDoH) using random forest models to understand life expectancy at the Census tract level. Our Local Social Inequity score draws on more than 150 neighborhood-level variables across 10 SDoH domains. As piloted in Ohio, the score explains 73 percent of the variation in life expectancy by Census tract, with a mean squared error of 4.47 years. Accurate multidimensional, cross-sector, small-area social risk scores could be useful in understanding the impact of healthcare innovations, payment models, and SDoH interventions in communities at higher risk for serious illnesses and diseases; identifying neighborhoods and areas at highest risk of poor outcomes for better targeting of interventions and resources; and accounting for factors outside of providers’ control for more fair and equitable performance/quality measurement and reimbursement.
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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Anderson, Gerald L., and Kalman Peleg. Precision Cropping by Remotely Sensed Prorotype Plots and Calibration in the Complex Domain. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585193.bard.

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This research report describes a methodology whereby multi-spectral and hyperspectral imagery from remote sensing, is used for deriving predicted field maps of selected plant growth attributes which are required for precision cropping. A major task in precision cropping is to establish areas of the field that differ from the rest of the field and share a common characteristic. Yield distribution f maps can be prepared by yield monitors, which are available for some harvester types. Other field attributes of interest in precision cropping, e.g. soil properties, leaf Nitrate, biomass etc. are obtained by manual sampling of the filed in a grid pattern. Maps of various field attributes are then prepared from these samples by the "Inverse Distance" interpolation method or by Kriging. An improved interpolation method was developed which is based on minimizing the overall curvature of the resulting map. Such maps are the ground truth reference, used for training the algorithm that generates the predicted field maps from remote sensing imagery. Both the reference and the predicted maps are stratified into "Prototype Plots", e.g. 15xl5 blocks of 2m pixels whereby the block size is 30x30m. This averaging reduces the datasets to manageable size and significantly improves the typically poor repeatability of remote sensing imaging systems. In the first two years of the project we used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), for generating predicted yield maps of sugar beets and com. The NDVI was computed from image cubes of three spectral bands, generated by an optically filtered three camera video imaging system. A two dimensional FFT based regression model Y=f(X), was used wherein Y was the reference map and X=NDVI was the predictor. The FFT regression method applies the "Wavelet Based", "Pixel Block" and "Image Rotation" transforms to the reference and remote images, prior to the Fast - Fourier Transform (FFT) Regression method with the "Phase Lock" option. A complex domain based map Yfft is derived by least squares minimization between the amplitude matrices of X and Y, via the 2D FFT. For one time predictions, the phase matrix of Y is combined with the amplitude matrix ofYfft, whereby an improved predicted map Yplock is formed. Usually, the residuals of Y plock versus Y are about half of the values of Yfft versus Y. For long term predictions, the phase matrix of a "field mask" is combined with the amplitude matrices of the reference image Y and the predicted image Yfft. The field mask is a binary image of a pre-selected region of interest in X and Y. The resultant maps Ypref and Ypred aremodified versions of Y and Yfft respectively. The residuals of Ypred versus Ypref are even lower than the residuals of Yplock versus Y. The maps, Ypref and Ypred represent a close consensus of two independent imaging methods which "view" the same target. In the last two years of the project our remote sensing capability was expanded by addition of a CASI II airborne hyperspectral imaging system and an ASD hyperspectral radiometer. Unfortunately, the cross-noice and poor repeatability problem we had in multi-spectral imaging was exasperated in hyperspectral imaging. We have been able to overcome this problem by over-flying each field twice in rapid succession and developing the Repeatability Index (RI). The RI quantifies the repeatability of each spectral band in the hyperspectral image cube. Thereby, it is possible to select the bands of higher repeatability for inclusion in the prediction model while bands of low repeatability are excluded. Further segregation of high and low repeatability bands takes place in the prediction model algorithm, which is based on a combination of a "Genetic Algorithm" and Partial Least Squares", (PLS-GA). In summary, modus operandi was developed, for deriving important plant growth attribute maps (yield, leaf nitrate, biomass and sugar percent in beets), from remote sensing imagery, with sufficient accuracy for precision cropping applications. This achievement is remarkable, given the inherently high cross-noice between the reference and remote imagery as well as the highly non-repeatable nature of remote sensing systems. The above methodologies may be readily adopted by commercial companies, which specialize in proving remotely sensed data to farmers.
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