Journal articles: 'Cross-sectional Regression'

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Robinson, Peter M. "Nonparametric trending regression with cross-sectional dependence." Journal of Econometrics 169, no. 1 (July 2012): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.01.005.

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Liu, Jie, Zaixia Hu, and Shaohua Tan. "Cross-sectional stock return analysis using support vector regression." Applied Economics Letters 17, no. 1 (April 2, 2008): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850701719777.

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Vanhonacker, Wilfried R., and Diana Day. "Cross-Sectional Estimation in Marketing: Direct Versus Reverse Regression." Marketing Science 6, no. 3 (August 1987): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.6.3.254.

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MARTUZZI, M., and P. ELLIOTT. "CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA ANALYSIS: A SIMPLE ALTERNATIVE TO LOGISTIC REGRESSION." Epidemiology 7, Supplement (July 1996): S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199607001-00207.

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Hodoshima, Jiro, Xavier Garza–Gómez, and Michio Kunimura. "Cross-sectional regression analysis of return and beta in Japan." Journal of Economics and Business 52, no. 6 (November 2000): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-6195(00)00031-x.

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Kirby, Chris. "Firm Characteristics, Cross-Sectional Regression Estimates, and Asset Pricing Tests." Review of Asset Pricing Studies 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 290–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rapstu/raz005.

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Abstract I test a number of well-known asset pricing models using regression-based managed portfolios that capture nonlinearity in the cross-sectional relation between firm characteristics and expected stock returns. Although the average portfolio returns point to substantial nonlinearity in the data, none of the asset pricing models successfully explain the estimated nonlinear effects. Indeed, the estimated expected returns produced by the models display almost no variation across portfolios. Because the tests soundly reject every model considered, it is apparent that nonlinearity in the relation between firm characteristics and expected stock returns poses a formidable challenge to asset pricing theory. (JEL G12, C58)

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Wang, Na. "Association between Arsenic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study." Women Health Care and Issues 4, no. 4 (May 27, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/054.

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Aim: In some regions of Bayannaoer arsenic concentration in well drinking water is higher than the international standard of 10 μg/L. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of exposures to arsenic in drinking water on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted in 2016 among villagers in Hangjinhou County, Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia. A questionnaire was used to inquire about GAD, arsenic related neurological symptoms. Arsenic concentration in the water was measured and arsenicosis prevalence was assessed. Multinomial logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression were performed to evaluate the association of abnormal arsenic levels on increased GAD symptoms. Results: 446 participants were enrolled. Subjects with exposure to water arsenic levels>10 μg/L were significantly more likely to have mild GAD than controls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.8). Participants who were diagnosed with arsenicosis were more likely to report mild anxiety than minimal anxiety compared to those who did not (AOR=2.3, 95% CI, 1.3-4.1). Survey respondents with palpitations, forgetfulness, headaches, dizziness, decreased taste, decreased hearing, loss of touch, abnormal warm and cold sensation, blurred vision, numbness and tingling were more likely to report mild, moderate and severe anxiety. Conclusions: Arsenic exposure was associated with a higher risk of GAD. Screening for arsenic exposure should be incorporated into the evaluation of GAD, in areas where arsenic in drinking water is known to be abnormal.

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KAN, RAYMOND, CESARE ROBOTTI, and JAY SHANKEN. "Pricing Model Performance and the Two-Pass Cross-Sectional Regression Methodology." Journal of Finance 68, no. 6 (November 12, 2013): 2617–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12035.

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Hur, Jungshik, Raman Kumar, and Vivek Singh. "Cross-sectional regression of returns on betas and portfolio grouping procedures." International Journal of Business and Systems Research 8, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbsr.2014.058005.

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Karafiath, Imre. "Estimating cross-sectional regressions in event studies with conditional heteroskedasticity and regression designs that have leverage." International Journal of Managerial Finance 10, no. 4 (August 26, 2014): 418–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-12-2012-0134.

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Purpose – In the finance literature, fitting a cross-sectional regression with (estimated) abnormal returns as the dependent variable and firm-specific variables (e.g. financial ratios) as independent variables has become de rigueur for a publishable event study. In the absence of skewness and/or kurtosis the explanatory variable, the regression design does not exhibit leverage – an issue that has been addressed in the econometrics literature on the finite sample properties of heteroskedastic-consistent (HC) standard errors, but not in the finance literature on event studies. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, simulations are designed to evaluate the potential bias in the standard error of the regression coefficient when the regression design includes “points of high leverage” (Chesher and Jewitt, 1987) and heteroskedasticity. The empirical distributions of test statistics are tabulated from ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, and HC standard errors. Findings – None of the test statistics examined in these simulations are uniformly robust with regard to conditional heteroskedasticity when the regression includes “points of high leverage.” In some cases the bias can be quite large: an empirical rejection rate as high as 25 percent for a 5 percent nominal significance level. Further, the bias in OLS HC standard errors may be attenuated but not fully corrected with a “wild bootstrap.” Research limitations/implications – If the researcher suspects an event-induced increase in return variances, tests for conditional heteroskedasticity should be conducted and the regressor matrix should be evaluated for observations that exhibit a high degree of leverage. Originality/value – This paper is a modest step toward filling a gap on the finite sample properties of HC standard errors in the event methodology literature.

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Chen, Andrew Y., and Tom Zimmermann. "Open Source Cross-Sectional Asset Pricing." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no. 037 (June 23, 2021): 1–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.037.

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We provide data and code that successfully reproduces nearly all crosssectional stock return predictors. Our 319 characteristics draw from previous meta-studies, but we differ by comparing our t-stats to the original papers' results. For the 161 characteristics that were clearly significant in the original papers, 98% of our long-short portfolios find t-stats above 1.96. For the 44 characteristics that had mixed evidence, our reproductions find t-stats of 2 on average. A regression of reproduced t-stats on original longshort t-stats finds a slope of 0.90 and an R2 of 83%. Mean returns aremonotonic in predictive signals at the characteristic level. The remaining 114 characteristics were insignificant in the original papers or are modifications of the originals created byHou, Xue, and Zhang (2020). These remaining characteristics are almost always significant if the original characteristic was also significant.

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Hoechle, Daniel. "Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 7, no. 3 (September 2007): 281–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0700700301.

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I present a new Stata program, xtscc, that estimates pooled ordinary least-squares/weighted least-squares regression and fixed-effects (within) regression models with Driscoll and Kraay (Review of Economics and Statistics 80: 549–560) standard errors. By running Monte Carlo simulations, I compare the finite-sample properties of the cross-sectional dependence–consistent Driscoll–Kraay estimator with the properties of other, more commonly used covariance matrix estimators that do not account for cross-sectional dependence. The results indicate that Driscoll–Kraay standard errors are well calibrated when cross-sectional dependence is present. However, erroneously ignoring cross-sectional correlation in the estimation of panel models can lead to severely biased statistical results. I illustrate the xtscc program by considering an application from empirical finance. Thereby, I also propose a Hausman-type test for fixed effects that is robust to general forms of cross-sectional and temporal dependence.

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Gaibulloev, Khusrav, Todd Sandler, and Donggyu Sul. "Dynamic Panel Analysis under Cross-Sectional Dependence." Political Analysis 22, no. 2 (2014): 258–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpt029.

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This article investigates inconsistency and invalid statistical inference that often characterize dynamic panel analysis in international political economy. These econometric concerns are tied to Nickell bias and cross-sectional dependence. First, we discuss how to avoid Nickell bias in dynamic panels. Second, we put forward factor-augmented dynamic panel regression as a means for addressing cross-sectional dependence. As a specific application, we use our methods for an analysis of the impact of terrorism on economic growth. Different terrorism variables are shown to have no influence on economic growth for five regional samples when Nickell bias and cross-dependence are taken into account. Our finding about terrorism and growth is contrary to the extant literature.

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Taeger, D., J. Wellmann, U. Keil, and T. Behrens. "Different Methods to Calculate Effect Estimates in Cross-sectional Studies." Methods of Information in Medicine 43, no. 05 (2004): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633907.

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Summary Objectives: According to results from the epidemiological literature, it can be expected that the prevalence odds ratio (POR) and the prevalence ratio (PR) differ with increasing disease prevalence. We illustrate different concepts to calculate these effect measures in cross-sectional studies and discuss their advantages and weaknesses, using actual data from the ISAAC Phase III cross-sectional survey in Münster, Germany. Methods: We analyzed data on the association between self-reported traffic density and wheeze and asthma by means of the POR, obtained from a logistic regression, and the PR, which was estimated from a log-linear binomial model and from different variants of a Poisson regression. Results: The analysis based on the less frequent disease, i.e. asthma with an overall prevalence of 7.8%, yielded similar results for all estimates. When wheezing with a prevalence of 17.5% was analyzed, the POR produced the highest estimates with the widest confidence intervals. While the point estimates were similar in the log-binomial model and Poisson regression, the latter showed wider confidence intervals. When we calculated the Poisson regression with robust variances, confidence intervals narrowed. Conclusions: Since cross-sectional studies often deal with frequent diseases, we encourage analyzing cross-sectional data based on log-linear binomial models, which is the ‘natural method’ for estimating prevalence ratios. If algorithms fail to converge, a useful alternative is to define appropriate starting values or, if models still do not converge, to calculate a Poisson regression with robust estimates to control for overestimation of errors in the binomial data.

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Syed Hamid Ali Shah, Attaullah Shah, Muhammad Kamran Khan, and Hamid Ullah. "The Risk and Return Relations: New Evidence from Pakistani Stock Market." Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i1.1592.

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In this study, we try to answer several empirical questions related to testing of asset pricing models in Pakistan. First, we test the assumptions of capital asset pricing model (CAPM) using cross-sectional regression methodology of Fama and MacBeth (FMB) (1973). Second, we test the conditional relationship between beta and expected returns using FMB cross-sectional regressions. Third, we test and compare the explanatory power of CAPM and Fama and French (1993) three factor models using time-series regressions. For all of the above empirical tests, we use sufficiently large data set of weekly data from January 2006 to December 2018 of non-financial firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Results of the cross-sectional regressions suggest that beta cannot explain expected returns. However, there is weak evidence that a conditional relation exits between beta and expected returns. Results of the time-series regression suggest that both CAPM and three factor model do well in explaining expected returns. However, GRS-based test of regression intercepts and regressions R2 indicate that Fama and French model better captures variations in observed stock returns than the CAPM.

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Jensen, Robert K., Tina Treitz, and Han Sun. "Prediction of Infant Segment Inertias." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 13, no. 3 (August 1997): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.13.3.287.

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The purpose of the study was to use the elliptical cylinder model adapted for infants (Sun & Jensen, 1994) with a cross-sectional sample to select appropriate multiple linear regression equations for predicting masses and nonlinear regression equations for predicting principal moments of inertia (Yeadon & Morlock, 1989). The linear and nonlinear predictions were evaluated with an independent cross-validation sample of infants and a sample where inertias ranged below and above the cross-sectional sample. The cross-validation for masses was compared to a cross-validation of four linear regressions for masses developed by Schneider and Zernicke (1992). It is recommended that the linear regression equations developed in this study be used to predict infant segment masses. It is also recommended that the nonlinear regression equations developed in this study be used to predict the principal moments of inertia of all infant segments, other than head Ix and lower trunk Ix and Iy.

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Harrington, Scott E., and David G. Shrider. "All Events Induce Variance: Analyzing Abnormal Returns When Effects Vary across Firms." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 42, no. 1 (March 2007): 229–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002210900000226x.

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AbstractWe demonstrate analytically that cross-sectional variation in the effects of events, i.e., in true abnormal returns, necessarily produces event-induced variance increases, biasing popular tests for mean abnormal returns in short-horizon event studies. We show that unexplained cross-sectional variation in true abnormal returns plausibly produces nonproportional heteroskedasticity in cross-sectional regressions, biasing coefficient standard errors for both ordinary and weighted least squares. Simulations highlight the resulting biases, the necessity of using tests robust to cross-sectional variation, and the power of robust tests, including regression-based tests for nonzero mean abnormal returns, which may increase power by conditioning on relevant explanatory variables.

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Bastos, Leonardo Soares, Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de Oliveira, and Luciane de Souza Velasque. "Obtaining adjusted prevalence ratios from logistic regression models in cross-sectional studies." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, no. 3 (March 2015): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00175413.

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In the last decades, the use of the epidemiological prevalence ratio (PR) instead of the odds ratio has been debated as a measure of association in cross-sectional studies. This article addresses the main difficulties in the use of statistical models for the calculation of PR: convergence problems, availability of tools and inappropriate assumptions. We implement the direct approach to estimate the PR from binary regression models based on two methods proposed by Wilcosky & Chambless and compare with different methods. We used three examples and compared the crude and adjusted estimate of PR, with the estimates obtained by use of log-binomial, Poisson regression and the prevalence odds ratio (POR). PRs obtained from the direct approach resulted in values close enough to those obtained by log-binomial and Poisson, while the POR overestimated the PR. The model implemented here showed the following advantages: no numerical instability; assumes adequate probability distribution and, is available through the R statistical package.

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Jagannathan, Ravi, and Zhenyu Wang. "An Asymptotic Theory for Estimating Beta-Pricing Models Using Cross-Sectional Regression." Journal of Finance 53, no. 4 (August 1998): 1285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00053.

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Aitken, C. K., H. Duncan, and T. A. McMahon. "A cross-sectional regression analysis of residential water demand in Melbourne, Australia." Applied Geography 11, no. 2 (April 1991): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(91)90041-7.

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Honoré, Bo E., and Luojia Hu. "Estimation of cross sectional and panel data censored regression models with endogeneity." Journal of Econometrics 122, no. 2 (October 2004): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2003.06.001.

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Watson, H. L., D. A. Poole, and M. A. Sackner. "Accuracy of respiratory inductive plethysmographic cross-sectional areas." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.306.

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The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) 1) reflects changes of cross-sectional area enclosed by its transducer band in the presence of deformations of shape or whether it 2) has a stable base line. Testing of RIP was carried out with a device incorporating a thermally compensated oscillator and digital demodulatory circuitry. This system, introduced to commerce in 1983, superceded the nonthermal compensated oscillatory and analog demodulator circuitry first used in 1977. Testing the effects of changing cross-sectional area was accomplished by stretching a standard RIP transducer band around wooden dowels placed in holes on a peg board grid to form 23 curved and 5 rectangular shapes. The output voltage from RIP was linear for both the curved and rectangular shapes for changes of cross-sectional area within a physiological range. However, the regression line of voltage vs. cross-sectional area for the rectangular shapes was parallel and slightly displaced from the regression line for the curved shapes due to mutual coupling of inductance in the corners. Base-line drift from a RIP transducer band stretched to enclose an elliptical shape was less than 2.5 mV over a 12-h observation period. Current RIP technology accurately reflects changes of cross-sectional area of physiological shapes and has a stable base line.

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Hausman, Catherine, and David S. Rapson. "Regression Discontinuity in Time: Considerations for Empirical Applications." Annual Review of Resource Economics 10, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 533–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-121517-033306.

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Recent empirical work in several economic fields, particularly environmental and energy economics, has adapted the regression discontinuity (RD) framework to applications where time is the running variable and treatment begins at a particular threshold in time. In this guide for practitioners, we discuss several features of this regression discontinuity in time framework that differ from the more standard cross-sectional RD framework. First, many applications (particularly in environmental economics) lack cross-sectional variation and are estimated using observations far from the temporal threshold. This common empirical practice is hard to square with the assumptions of a cross-sectional RD, which is conceptualized for an estimation bandwidth shrinking even as the sample size increases. Second, estimates may be biased if the time-series properties of the data are ignored (for instance, in the presence of an autoregressive process), or more generally if short-run and long-run effects differ. Finally, tests for sorting or bunching near the threshold are often irrelevant, making the framework closer to an event study than a regression discontinuity design. Based on these features and motivated by hypothetical examples using air quality data, we offer suggestions for the empirical researcher wishing to use the RD in time framework.

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Musharbash, Ruba. "Prevalence of Food Addiction during Covid-19 Pandemic in Amman, Jordan: A Cross Sectional Study." Nutrition and Food Processing 4, no. 4 (June 25, 2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/050.

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Aim: Emerging evidence highlights the impact of stressful conditions on eating behaviours, particularly the consumption of foods high in salt, sugar and fat. The impact of the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on food addiction is still un-estimated. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of food addiction among the Jordanian population during the quarantine. Materials and methods: A Cross-sectional study has been conducted between the 27th of April and the 4th of June of 2020. An online survey of Yale food addiction scale v.2.0 (YFAS 2.0) was distributed. A convenience sample was collected through social media sites. Differences in socio-demographic characteristics were analysed using t-test and chi-square tests. Food addiction was classified based on the scoring scale. Determinants of food addition were predicted by using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of food addiction was 21.5% among adults. Among food addiction participants, 76.4% were diagnosed as severely food addicted. More than 50% of the participants reported high consumption of foods rich in sugar, salt, and fat (48.2%, 51.8%, and 52.5%, respectively). Overweight and obese young adults were more likely to have food addiction compared to normal weight. The multinominal logistic regression model revealed that there was no determinants of food addiction among adults. Conclusion: During the first months of the quarantine, the prevalence of food addiction was higher among obese and overweight adults compared to normal-weight adults.

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Kasikhina, Elena I., Larisa S. Kruglova, Mariya O. Vashchenko, and Roman Y. Mayorov. "Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting Skin Mastocytosis in Children: Cross-Sectional Study." Current Pediatrics 19, no. 6 (December 27, 2020): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v19i6.2154.

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Background. Skin mastocytosis is rare disease that is diagnosed in most children under the age of 2 years. The date on rash regression dynamics and disease symptoms is not fully presented in the literature.Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors associated with clinical manifestations and regression time of skin mastocytosis in children.Methods. The study includes data on 28 children aged from 3 months to 12 years who has undergone outpatient care and observation in Moscow Scientific and Research Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology of Moscow City Health Department in the period between January 2016 and November 2019. The data about diagnosis was obtained from medical records.Results. Maculopapular skin mastocytosis (MPSM) was diagnosed in 28.6% of children, solitary mastocytoma — in 71.4%. The analysis of clinical course of skin mastocytosis has shown constantly relapsing process and slow spontaneous rash regression in more than 50% of children. Diffuse skin rash, flushing reactions, persistent skin itching or its combination with hepatomegaly or neurological symptoms were prevalent among MPSM manifestations. Risk factors affecting delayed regression of skin mastocytosis in children with MPSM are: late onset, area of skin lesions, comorbidities, severity of reticular vascular pattern at dermatoscopy. Severity of skin lesions did not affect the tryptase activity. The major risk factor affecting the delayed regression of solitary mastocytoma is rash injury (OR 6.10, 95% CI 3.66–16.73). The severity of reticular vascular pattern in skin mastocytosis foci has varied depending on the severity of skin lesions.Conclusion. Half of all children with skin forms of mastocytosis have delayed rash regression. This causes high concern among parents and violates social adaptation of children. Timely assessment of risk factors alongside with dynamic assessment of the dermatoscopy patterns and tryptase activity are important for implementation of correct follow-up monitoring and management for children. Rash (of any localization) injuries should be avoided to prevent delayed regression of the disease in children with skin forms of mastocytosis.

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Wu, Lingtao, Dominique Lord, and Yajie Zou. "Validation of Crash Modification Factors Derived from Cross-Sectional Studies with Regression Models." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2514, no. 1 (January 2015): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2514-10.

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Van Keilegom, Ingrid, and Lan Wang. "Semiparametric modeling and estimation of heteroscedasticity in regression analysis of cross-sectional data." Electronic Journal of Statistics 4 (2010): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-ejs547.

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Gonçalves, Sílvia. "THE MOVING BLOCKS BOOTSTRAP FOR PANEL LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS WITH INDIVIDUAL FIXED EFFECTS." Econometric Theory 27, no. 5 (March 25, 2011): 1048–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466610000630.

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In this paper we propose a bootstrap method for panel data linear regression models with individual fixed effects. The method consists of applying the standard moving blocks bootstrap of Künsch (1989, Annals of Statistics 17, 1217–1241) and Liu and Singh (1992, in R. LePage & L. Billiard (eds.), Exploring the Limits of the Bootstrap) to the vector containing all the individual observations at each point in time. We show that this bootstrap is robust to serial and cross-sectional dependence of unknown form under the assumption that n (the cross-sectional dimension) is an arbitrary nondecreasing function of T (the time series dimension), where T → ∞, thus allowing for the possibility that both n and T diverge to infinity. The time series dependence is assumed to be weak (of the mixing type), but we allow the cross-sectional dependence to be either strong or weak (including the case where it is absent). Under appropriate conditions, we show that the fixed effects estimator (and also its bootstrap analogue) has a convergence rate that depends on the degree of cross-section dependence in the panel. Despite this, the same studentized test statistics can be computed without reference to the degree of cross-section dependence. Our simulation results show that the moving blocks bootstrap percentile-t intervals have very good coverage properties even when the degree of serial and cross-sectional correlation is large, provided the block size is appropriately chosen.

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Çeliker, Meral, Mustafa Yavuz Selçuk, and Serdar Olt. "Sarcopenia in diabetic nephropathy: a cross-sectional study." Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2018-0003.

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Abstract Objective. To investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and diabetic nephropathy. Methods. 56 diabetic patients without complications, 50 diabetic patients with nephropathy, 53 healthy controls included in this present study. Demographic characteristics such as sex, age, anthropometric measurements such as weight, body mass index [BMI], hip circumference, waist circumference and upper arm circumference were measured. Sarcopenia diagnosis was based on European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People [EWGSOP] criteria which consist of hand grip strength, 6-meter walking test and muscle mass. Results. The frequency of sarcopenia increased gradually from 15.1% in healthy control group to 21.4% in the diabetes group, and 34% in diabetic nephropathy group (X2 for trend, p = 0.029). The frequency of sarcopenia was similar in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy group. However, the frequency of sarcopenia was higher in diabetic nephropathy than healthy controls (OR = 2.89, CI [1.11-7.51] in logistic regression). Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to healthy controls.

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Sorens, Jason. "The Cross-Sectional Determinants of Secessionism in Advanced Democracies." Comparative Political Studies 38, no. 3 (April 2005): 304–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414004272538.

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This article analyzes the “risk factors” of secessionism at the substate, regional level. It seeks to answer the question, What regions are more likely to support more successful secessionist parties? Using new data in cross-sectional regression analysis, the author finds that secessionism involves unique factors not common to other kinds of ethnic conflict. Specifically, in addition to “identity” variables such as regional language and history of independence, the following variables explain secessionist strength: lack of irredentist potential, relative affluence, geographical noncontiguity, population, and multiparty political system. These factors generally serve as activators of ethnic identity rather than a substitute for the same, although there are important cases of nonethnic secessionism.

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Liu, S. Q. "Regression of hypoxic hypertension-induced changes in the elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 1677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.5.1677.

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Liu, S. Q. Regression of hypoxic hypertension-induced changes in the elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5): 1677–1684, 1997.—The elastic laminae of the pulmonary arteries (PAs) undergo a progressive structural change in hypoxic hypertension. This study focused on the reversibility of altered PA elastic laminae of the rat due to hypoxic hypertension. The structure and cross-sectional area of the PA medial elastic laminae were examined by using electron-microscopic and image-analytic approaches during recovery from 12 h and 10 days of hypoxic hypertension. At 12 h of hypoxic hypertension, the elastic laminae, which appeared homogeneous in normal control animals, were reorganized into structures composed of randomly oriented filaments, with an increase in the cross-sectional area of 70%. At 10 days of hypoxic hypertension, the elastic laminae appeared homogeneous in structure and normal in cross-sectional area despite continuous exposure to hypoxia. During recovery from 12 h of hypoxic hypertension, the medial elastic laminae regained their homogeneous structure and normal cross-sectional area after day 2. During recovery from 10 days of hypoxic hypertension, the medial elastic laminae changed from homogeneous to filamentous structures, with a progressively altered cross-sectional area that increased by 89% from recovery day 0 to day 10 and returned to the normal level on day 30. These changes were associated with alterations in the PA wall tensile stress. These results indicated that structural changes in the PA elastic laminae were reversible and that the regression process depended on the duration of exposure to hypoxia, the state of the elastic laminae, and possibly the tensile stress level in the PA wall.

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Chen, Songnian. "DISTRIBUTION-FREE ESTIMATION OF THE BOX–COX REGRESSION MODEL WITH CENSORING." Econometric Theory 28, no. 3 (November 25, 2011): 680–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466611000703.

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The Box–Cox regression model has been widely used in applied economics. However, there has been very limited discussion when data are censored. The focus has been on parametric estimation in the cross-sectional case, and there has been no discussion at all for the panel data model with fixed effects. This paper fills these important gaps by proposing distribution-free estimators for the Box–Cox model with censoring in both the cross-sectional and panel data settings. The proposed methods are easy to implement by combining a convex minimization problem with a one-dimensional search. The procedures are applicable to other transformation models.

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Hippisley-Cox, J. "The electronic patient record in primary care--regression or progression? A cross sectional study." BMJ 326, no. 7404 (June 26, 2003): 1439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7404.1439.

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BARTH, MARY E., and SANJAY KALLAPUR. "The Effects of Cross-Sectional Scale Differences on Regression Results in Empirical Accounting Research." Contemporary Accounting Research 13, no. 2 (September 1996): 527–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.1996.tb00514.x.

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Cai, Kaida, Wenqing He, and Grace Y. Yi. "COVID-19 Fatality: A Cross-Sectional Study using Adaptive Lasso Penalized Sliced Inverse Regression." Journal of Data Science 18, no. 3 (January 17, 2021): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.6339/jds.202007_18(3).0015.

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Rashid, Mamunur, Jorma Heikkonen, and Tero Kivelä. "Tumor Regression After Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanoma: Reduction of Thickness and Cross-Sectional Area by Shape and Regression Pattern." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 56, no. 4 (April 29, 2015): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-16322.

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Picco, Louisa, Sherilyn Chang, Edimansyah Abdin, Boon Yiang Chua, Qi Yuan, Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar, Samantha Ong, et al. "Associative stigma among mental health professionals in Singapore: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e028179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028179.

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Objectives(1) Investigate and explore whether different classes of associative stigma (the process by which a person experiences stigmatisation as a result of an association with another stigmatised person) could be identified using latent class analysis; (2) determine the sociodemographic and employment-related correlates of associative stigma and (3) examine the relationship between associative stigma and job satisfaction, among mental health professionals.DesignCross-sectional online survey.ParticipantsDoctors, nurses and allied health staff, working in Singapore.MethodsStaff (n=462) completed an online survey, which comprised 11 associative stigma items and also captured sociodemographic and job satisfaction-related information. Latent class analysis was used to classify associative stigma on patterns of observed categorical variables. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between sociodemographic and employment-related factors and the different classes, while multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between associative stigma and job satisfaction.ResultsThe latent class analysis revealed that items formed a three-class model where the classes were classified as ‘no/low associative stigma’, ‘moderate associative stigma’ and ‘high associative stigma’. 48.7%, 40.5% and 10.8% of the population comprised no/low, moderate and high associative stigma classes, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression showed that years of service and occupation were significantly associated with moderate associative stigma, while factors associated with high associative stigma were education, ethnicity and occupation. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that high associative stigma was significantly associated with lower job satisfaction scores.ConclusionAssociative stigma was not uncommon among mental health professionals and was associated with sociodemographic factors and poorer job satisfaction. Associative stigma has received comparatively little attention from empirical researchers and continued efforts to address this understudied yet important construct in conjunction with future efforts to dispel misconceptions related to mental illnesses are needed.

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Morgan, John F., Gabriella Zolese, Jane McNulty, and Sharon Gebhardt. "Domestic violence among female psychiatric patients: cross-sectional survey." Psychiatrist 34, no. 11 (November 2010): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.023986.

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Aims and methodTo establish prevalence of domestic violence among female psychiatric patients, including risk factors, health professional attention and acceptability of routine enquiry. Participants were 70 adult women in an inner-city community mental health team who received questionnaire and case-note review. Main outcome measures were: lifetime/point prevalence of domestic violence; attitudes to routine enquiry; past disclosure and recording in psychiatric records; clinical and demographic risk factors.ResultsLifetime prevalence was 60% for physical violence from partners, 27% during pregnancy and 40% receiving injuries. Point prevalence was not reported, as an insufficient number of participants were currently in a relationship. As many as 82% regarded routine enquiry as acceptable, but only 24% had ever been questioned. Logistic regression analysis showed prediction by presence of children, previous overdose, and experience of sexual abuse.Clinical implicationsDomestic violence in female psychiatric patients is common but undetected. Enquiry should be routine, but would require staff training.

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Byun, Soo Hwan, Dae Myoung Yoo, Minwook Chang, Hyo Geun Choi, and Seok Jin Hong. "Relationship between Periodontitis and Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5384602.

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The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and glaucoma. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study performed between 2004 and 2016. Among 173,209 participants, 9572 patients with periodontitis and 115,332 controls (nonperiodontitis) were selected. We analysed the history of glaucoma in periodontitis and control participants. The participants were interviewed regarding their history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, periodontitis, glaucoma, smoking, and alcohol consumption by trained interviewers. A logistic regression model was created to analyse the odds ratio of having a history of glaucoma among patients with periodontitis. Two-tailed analyses using chi-square and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted odds ratio of periodontitis as a risk factor for glaucoma was 3.44 (95% confidence interval = 2.99–3.97, p < 0.001 ). This study demonstrated that glaucoma was associated with periodontitis.

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Li, Mo, Rena Li, Ji-hui Lyu, Jian-hua Chen, Wei Wang, Mao-long Gao, Wen-jie Li, et al. "Relationship Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Retinal Choroidal Thickness: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 80, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201142.

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Background: The choroid is involved directly or indirectly in many pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between retinal choroidal properties and the pathology of AD by determining choroidal thickness, hippocampus volume, cognitive functions, and plasma BACE1 activity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 37 patients with AD and 34 age-matched controls were included. Retinal choroidal thickness was measured via enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Hippocampal volume was measured via 3.0T MRI. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). Plasma BACE1 activity was analyzed using a fluorescence substrate-based plasma assay, and regression model were to analyze the data. Results: Retinal choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in the AD group than in the control group [(114.81±81.30) μm versus (233.79±38.29) μm, p < 0.05]. Multivariable regression analysis indicated that the ADAS-cog scores (β=–0.772, p = 0.000) and age (β=–0.176, p = 0.015) were independently associated with choroidal thickness. The logistic regression model revealed that the subfoveal choroidal thickness was a significant predictor for AD (OR = 0.984, 95% CI: 0.972–0.997). Conclusion: There was a general tendency of choroid thinning as the cognitive function declined. Although choroidal thickness was not a potential indicator for early stage AD, it was valuable in monitoring AD progression.

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Reece, AS, A. Norman, and GK Hulse. "Serum ionic dysequilibria in clinical opioid dependence: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies." Human & Experimental Toxicology 36, no. 8 (February 22, 2017): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327116666649.

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Introduction: Despite an increasing awareness that the activity of excitable membranes is determined by the underlying ionic gradients across them, and their importance in drug dependency, we were not able to identify any reports of comparing the electrolyte composition of opioid-dependent and non-addicted controls. Methods: Linear regression was used to compare clinical pathology blood results taken from 2699 opioid-dependent patients (ODP) and 5307 medical control (MC) patients on a total of 21,734 occasions for the period 1995–2015. The presence of a hepatitis C antibody test was used to separate OPD and MC patients. Results: The mean age among ODP and MC was 33.51 ± 0.16 and 37.99 ± 0.23 years, respectively ( p < 0.0001). The groups were 71.5% and 54.2% male ( p < 0.0001). Drug use in this cohort has been reported previously. Analysis of sodium, haemoglobin and albumin were used to exclude marked effects of haemodilution/haemoconcentration. Repeated measures linear regression against age and time showed depressed levels of bicarbonate ( p < 0.0001) and potassium ( p < 0.05) and elevated levels of chloride ( p < 0.025) and anions ( p < 0.01) in ODP in both sexes. Multiple regression in mixed-effects models showed that these effects were all worse in females ( p = 0.0001). Conclusion: This data shows that opioid dependence is associated with significant changes in chloride, potassium, bicarbonate and anions in both sexes, and worse in females. This likely has implications for the electrophysiological properties of excitable membranes. It is consistent with the reported impairment of potassium-chloride exchangers in opioid dependence. Explication of the mechanisms responsible must await further studies.

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Yoon, Young Suk, Boyoung Jung, Dongsu Kim, and In-Hyuk Ha. "Factors Underlying Unmet Medical Needs: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132391.

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Unmet medical needs refer to the state where a patient’s medical care or service is insufficient, inadequate, or lacking. Numerous factors influence unmet medical needs. We used a multi-pronged approach to explore the factors influencing unmet medical needs in the Korean health care system according to Anderson’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. To this end, we used data from 11,378 adults over 19 years old in the 2016 Korea Health Panel Survey and performed multiple logistic regression analyses. The odds of experiencing unmet medical needs were significantly greater among older participants (odds ratio (OR) = 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.78–3.56); low-income participants (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.14–1.75); non-workers (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06–1.46); those who had received non-covered treatment (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08–1.42); those who did not regularly exercise (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.02–1.48); and those experiencing pain (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.97–2.66), worse self-rated health status (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.89–2.79), and severe depression (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.39–4.35). About one in ten Korean citizens (11.60%) have unmet medical service needs. Policies that strengthen coverage for physically and economically vulnerable groups are needed.

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Terunuma, Niina, Shizuka Kurosaki, Hiroko Kitamura, Koichi Hata, Reiko Ide, Hiroaki Kuga, Noriaki Kakiuchi, et al. "Cross-sectional study on respiratory effect of toner exposure." Human & Experimental Toxicology 28, no. 6-7 (June 2009): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109105160.

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In this baseline study, part of a cohort study to clarify the effect of toner exposure on the respiratory system, we surveyed 803 male toner workers and 802 referents with regard to their subjective respiratory symptoms and chest X-ray results. We also examined individual exposure history, current working conditions, and personal exposure levels to toner. There was a significantly higher prevalence of “coughing and sputum” related complaints among toner-exposed workers in the 30 and 40-year age groups. The group with toner-exposure history showed a higher odds ratio, by logistic regression, in relation to all questions regarding coughing. Mild fibrotic changes were observed in the chest X-rays of four workers who had engaged in toner-exposure work for at least a decade or more, and all four had reported allergic disease. Although we observed a tendency of higher prevalence of “coughing and sputum” in toner-exposed workers, the possibility of information bias cannot be eliminated. It should also be noted that this tendency did not exceed that of the general public. Further analysis is required in this ongoing 10-year cohort study to clarify the effect of toner exposure on the respiratory system.

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De Miranda, Ronaldo Leão, Luís Fernando Irgang dos Santos, Giancarlo Gomes, and Iara Regina Dos Santos Parisotto. "Competitiveness influence on global innovation of nations: a cross-sectional analysis." Independent Journal of Management & Production 12, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 964–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v12i4.1338.

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Innovation has been recognized as one of the main determinants of nation’s economic development and has been adopted as a main tool for adding value and achieving sustainable competitive advantage. In order to understand the influence of global competitiveness on global innovation of nations, this study analyzed some indexes of 133 countries using a multiple linear regression analysis. The results suggested that global competitiveness influences the innovativeness of nations significantly and positively. Higher education and training was the competitiveness indicators that most influenced in innovation of nations.

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Russo, Marco, Veronica Villani, Arens Taga, Antonio Genovese, Irene Terrenato, Gian Camillo Manzoni, Franco Servadei, Paola Torelli, and Andrea Pace. "Headache as a presenting symptom of glioma: A cross-sectional study." Cephalalgia 38, no. 4 (May 11, 2017): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417710020.

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Objective The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence and the clinical features of headache as a presenting symptom of glioma. Methods We interviewed 527 consecutive adult patients with histologically confirmed glioma, admitted to the Regina Elena National Cancer Institute between 2010 and 2015. We defined four headache phenotypes: Tension-type-like headache (TTH), migraine-like headache, worsening of a pre-existing headache (WPH) and classic brain tumour headache (BTH). Logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate potential risk factors for headache at presentation of glioma. Results 12.5% (n = 66) of patients with glioma indicated headache as a presenting symptom of their disease. Of these, 31 patients (47%) had TTH, while BTH and WPH were reported by 28 (42%) and seven (11%) patients, respectively. We did not find any case of migraine-like headache. Infratentorial ( p = 0.038) and right-sided tumours ( p = 0.013) were more frequently associated with the presence of headache at onset. Patients with TTH were older than patients with BTH and WPH ( p = 0.035). BTH was less frequently associated with other neurological signs ( p < 0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the localization of the brain tumour in the left hemisphere to be a protective factor for the development of headache. Conclusions Our study includes a very large series of patients with glioma, providing a description of headache phenotype at first presentation of disease and investigating possible factors that may influence the clinical features of headache.

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Lieng, Marit, Olav Istre, Leiv Sandvik, and Erik Qvigstad. "Prevalence, 1-Year Regression Rate, and Clinical Significance of Asymptomatic Endometrial Polyps: Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 16, no. 4 (July 2009): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2009.04.005.

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Pillai, Vijayan K. "Air pollution in developing and developed nations: A pooled cross‐sectional time series regression analysis." International Planning Studies 1, no. 1 (February 1996): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563479608721642.

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Volpe, N., G. Rizzo, L. Cariello, R. Ludovica, A. Dall'Asta A, G. Pedrazzi, E. Ferrazzi, et al. "P08.03: Customised fetal growth charts by quantile regression analysis: a cross-sectional multicentric Italian study." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 46 (September 2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.15389.

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Murtazashvili, Irina, and Nadia Vozlyublennaia. "The performance of cross-sectional regression tests of the CAPM with non-zero pricing errors." Journal of Banking & Finance 36, no. 4 (April 2012): 1057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.10.018.

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Tayfur, Gokmen, and Vijay P. Singh. "Predicting Mean and Bankfull Discharge from Channel Cross-Sectional Area by Expert and Regression Methods." Water Resources Management 25, no. 5 (December 3, 2010): 1253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-010-9741-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-sectional Regression'

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