Academic literature on the topic 'Cross sectional Jones model'

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Journal articles on the topic "Cross sectional Jones model"

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Van Rensburg, Paul. "Macroeconomic variables and the cross-section of Johannesburg Stock Exchange returns." South African Journal of Business Management 31, no. 1 (March 31, 2000): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v31i1.732.

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This study adopts the Chen, Roll Ross prespecified variable approach to priced arbitrage pricing theory factor (APT) identification on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). It is observed that the dichotomy in the return generating processes underlying South African mining and industrial shares leads to cross-sectional correlations in the residual errors of linear factor models that do not employ factor analytically extracted explanatory variables. As a result, a 'two residual market factor' approach is introduced in this study. Employing the iterated non-linear seemingly unrelated regression technique of McElroy Burmeister (1988), it is found that the rand gold price, the rate on long bonds, the Dow-Jones Industrial Index and the level of gold and foreign exchange reserves together with the Industrial and All-Gold residual market factors represent priced sources of risk within the framework of the APT over the period 1985 to 1995. The pricing relationships estimated are found to be inconsistent with those implied by the capital asset pricing model. These results are robust across the 'unconstrained intercept' and 'zero beta' cross-sectional model specifications. The findings of the study, however, imply that the influence of macroeconomic variables on the JSE is most parsimoniously expressed in the two factor APT model of Van Rensburg Slaney (1997).
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Callao, Susana, José I. Jarne, and David Wróblewski. "DETECTING EARNINGS MANAGEMENT INVESTIGATION ON DIFFERENT MODELS MEASURING EARNINGS MANAGEMENT FOR EMERGING EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 222–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i11.2017.2351.

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Earnings management has received considerable attention as numerous papers were investigated different hypotheses. However, there is still no consensus on how efficiently detect and measure earnings managements. Nevertheless, most authors use methodology based on accruals, sophisticated models that attempt to separate total accruals into discretionary and nondiscretionary components. We may find wide range of use of alternative models to measure earnings management. Nevertheless, the researchers typically used five the most popular models: the Jones (1991) model, the modified Jones model (Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney, 1995), Teoh, Welch and Wong (1998) model, Kasznik (1999) model and Kothari et al. (2005) model. However, it is confirmed that the environment where the company is operating influences on the earnings management. Therefore, we focus our study on the growing market of the developing European countries. In particular, our analysis comprises four different and independent samples from emerging Eastern European countries: Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, since earnings management in Eastern European countries is still barely explored. Consequently, our objective is to evaluate the ability of the existing models on earnings management for the environment of countries from the East of Europe. Our results confirm that the Jones (1991), Shivakumar (1996), Kasznik (1999) and Yoon and Miller model (2002) offers the most reliable results for detecting earnings management in emerging Eastern European post-communism economic environment. Additionally, based on broad analyses the results indicate that there is no superiority of the cross-sectional models vis-à-vis their time-series counterparts. Both methodologies are consistent in detecting earnings management for Eastern European companies. Therefore, we verified the importance of the previous evaluation of the ability of each model for detecting earnings management before its application. It is because each economic environment has different peculiarities and circumstances, as observed in case of our developing European countries.
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Ormel, J., M. W. J. Koeter, W. Van Den Brink, and R. Giel. "Concurrent validity of GHQ-28 and PSE as measures of change." Psychological Medicine 19, no. 4 (November 1989): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700005730.

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SynposisSubstantial cross-sectional correlations have been reported between the GHQ and PSE (and CIS) total scores. Although necessary, this is not a sufficient condition for assuming good validity of the GHQ as a severity measure in longitudinal and health care evaluation studies. For this purpose the GHQ should also accurately reflect changes in severity over time. To examine their concurrent validity, GHQ and PSE scores were compared, in a three-wave longitudinal study, among 175 new psychiatric out-patients. Using a longitudinal structural equation model that takes measurement error into account, the strength of both the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between GHQ and PSE were estimated. The GHQ performed remarkably well; changes in severity as defined by PSE-ID and PSE total score were clearly reflected by changes in GHQ scores. The revised scoring method of the GHQ proposed by Goodchild and Duncan-Jones did not yield superior results.
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Kalgo, Sani Hussaini, Bany-Ariffin A.N., Hairul Suhaimi Bin Nahar, and Bolaji Tunde Matemilola. "Does Leverage Constrain Real and AEM Around IPO Corporate Event? Evidence from the Emerging Market." Global Business Review 20, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918825196.

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The article investigates whether Malaysian initial public offering (IPO) firms engage in real and accrual earnings management (AEM) and examines the impact of leverage on the earnings management’s discretionary behaviour of the firms for the period of 2003–2013. The Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney (1995, The Accounting Review, 70[2], 193–225) cross-sectional modified Jones model was used to estimate discretionary accruals, while Roychowdhury’s (2006, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 42[3]), 335–370) cross-sectional models were used to investigate abnormal real activity discretionary behaviour. The results indicate Malaysian IPO firms engage in real and accrual discretionary behaviour. The graphical presentations of the earnings’ management proxies indicate higher real and AEM for high-leverage firms. Similarly, the multivariate analysis indicates a positive relationship between leverage and earnings management, which is in tandem with the agency cost of free cash flow theory and debt hypothesis. It is also consistent with the pecking-order theory of capital structure. This study suggests that regulatory agencies and standard setters should continue to improve quality of accounting reports in order to protect investors’ invested capital.
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Arif, Ahmed, Mehwish Aziz Khan ., Ferheen Kayani ., and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah . "Dividend Policy and Earnings Management: An Empirical Study of Pakistani Listed Companies." Information Management and Business Review 3, no. 2 (August 15, 2011): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v3i2.919.

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Dividend policy is one of the widely addressed topics in financial management. It is an important duty of a financial manager to formulate the company's dividend policy that is in the best interest of the company. Many a time financial managers are involved in earnings management practices with the intention of adjusting dividends. The present study has been carried out to scrutinize the effect of earnings management on dividend policy. The researchers have taken the data of 86 listed companies for the year 2004 to 2009. The researchers have measured the dividend policy by using dividend payout ratio while Modified Cross Sectional Jones Model (1995) has been employed to measure the earnings management. The results of the common effect model show that there is not any significant relationship among earnings management and dividend policy. Moreover, smaller companies are paying more dividends as compared to larger companies. This study reveals that involvement of managers is not for dividend policy. There might be some other motives behind the earnings management.
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Humeedat, Mohammad M. "Earnings Management to Avoid Financial Distress and Improve Profitability: Evidence from Jordan." International Business Research 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n2p222.

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Due to unstable economic and political conditions, many companies in the Middle East are undergoing various financial distress and decline in profitability. This paper examines the role of earnings management to avoid financial distress and improve profitability in 58 industrial corporations listed on Amman Stock Exchange for a period of 2011 to 2016, which constitutes 89% of the whole population. The total number of observations is 413 for the entire study period. The study uses a cross-sectional Jones model that was modified by (Kothari, Leone, and Wasley, 2005); to measuring discretionary accruals that used as a proxy for earnings management.The empirical results indicate that earning management is not affected by the Altman’s Z-score index, but it has a positive relationship with debt to equity ratio. This study also shows a positive relationship between earnings per share, returns on equity, and earnings management. Regarding the control variable, we found a negative relationship between cash flow from operation and discretionary accruals.
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Almahrog, Yousf, Zakaria Ali Aribi, and Thankom Arun. "Earnings management and corporate social responsibility: UK evidence." Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting 16, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfra-11-2016-0092.

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Purpose The paper aims to re-interpret the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in limiting the extreme practices in earnings management (EM) by using evidence from large UK companies. Design/methodology/approach The study has used content analysis and disclosure index to measure the level of CSR. The authors measured EM based on discretionary accruals by using cross-sectional version of the modified Jones model. Findings The findings of this study reveal that companies with a higher commitment to CSR activities are less likely to manage earnings through accruals. Originality/value This study shed more light on the potential impact of CSR on earnings management in the context of the UK. Prior research on the impact of CSR on earnings management has used exclusively CSR scores, provided by CSR score indices. The manual measurement used in this study for CSR (disclosure index/content analysis) is considered to provide a more detailed and precise measure.
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Alzoubi, Ebraheem Saleem Salem. "Audit quality and earnings management: evidence from Jordan." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 17, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 170–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-09-2014-0089.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the association between audit quality and earnings management (EM). Audit quality studies documented that accruals would reduce when the auditor is independent or the audit firm is large. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses generalised least square regression to investigate the influence of audit quality on EM. The sample contained 86 companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2010. The cross-sectional modified Jones model was employed to measure discretionary accruals as a proxy for EM. Findings – This paper revealed that there is a significantly negative association between audit quality and EM. The result inferred that EM level is significantly lower among companies using the services of independent auditors. Moreover, this study exposed that the level of EM is significantly less among companies hiring a Big 4 audit firm, as compared to companies utilising the service of a non-Big 4 audit firm. Research limitations/implications – The measurement error, which is a rigorous concern for studies on EM, is one of the limitations in this study. Hence, the current study wholly inherited the limits of the modified Jones model. Practical implications – The findings based on the current study would provide beneficial information for regulators in Jordan and other countries with an institutional environment similar to that of Jordan. Moreover, the results provided valuable information to investors in assessing the influence of audit quality on financial reporting quality (FRQ). Originality/value – The current study contributed to auditing and corporate governance literature and its influence on EM among Jordanian companies. This research will be of value to companies seeking to reduce EM and enhance FRQ.
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Baatour, Kais, Hakim Ben Othman, and Khaled Hussainey. "The effect of multiple directorships on real and accrual-based earnings management." Accounting Research Journal 30, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-06-2015-0081.

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Purpose The study aims to examine the effect of multiple directorships on accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management. It analyses whether earnings management practices in the Saudi context increase or decrease with the average number of multiple directorships. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the approach by Roychowdhury (2006) to capture the level of real earnings management and uses the cross-sectional model by Jones (1991) to measure accrual-based earnings management. Findings The paper provides partial evidence supporting the “busyness” hypothesis where earnings management practices increase with the number of multiple directorships. The evidence shows that multiple directorships have a positive and significant effect on real earnings management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, we find no significant impact of multiple directorships on accrual-based earnings management. Originality/value This is the first study that empirically investigates the relationship between multiple directorships and earnings management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The paper contributes to the limited literature on multiple directorships in developing countries by examining their impact on opportunistic real earnings management.
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Onyabe, Joseph Majiyebo, Joshua Okpanachi, Terzungwe Nyor, Onipe Adabenege Yahaya, and Mohammed Ahmed. "Effect of Audit Committee Tenure on Financial Reporting Quality of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 4 (February 28, 2018): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n4p257.

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This study examines the effect of audit committee tenure on financial reporting quality of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study uses panel data obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange factbooks and the financial statements of 14 listed deposit money banks over a period of 10 years (2007-2016). The study uses cross sectional and time series research design. Financial reporting quality was measured using the modified Jones (1991) model and changes in working capital model, while audit committee tenure was measured as the mean tenure of audit committee members. The data was analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis). The study reveals that audit committee tenure has a negative and insignificant effect on financial reporting quality under the two models. The implication of these results is that the tenure of audit committee members is not important when considering the financial reporting quality of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study therefore concludes that the effect of audit committee tenure on financial reporting quality of deposit money banks in Nigeria is negative and insignificant. Based on this conclusion, the study recommends that further research should be conducted on other audit committee attributes in order to see which of the attributes may have significant effect on financial reporting quality.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cross sectional Jones model"

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Barreto, Marcello Silva. "Uma investigação sobre o impacto dos accruals na variabilidade dos resultados nos diferentes contrastes cross-sectional nas firmas brasileiras de capital aberto." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9925.

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The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the impact of accruals on the corporate earnings variability (EVAR) results that influence the practical application of income smoothing in Brazilian capital market firms. Initially, it approaches the importance of financial statements that must be evidenced in compliance with accounting principles generally accepted. Its disclosure should represent the reality of the economic-financial firm to the process of decision-making of shareholders and creditors. But at certain times, managers are motivated to practice the earnings management in an attempt to reduce the variability of profits through the use of accruals. The accruals represent the difference between net income and operating cash flow. In the process for reducing results volatility managers use the practice of income smoothing that represents a smoothing of profits, reducing any distortions in the market price of the firm. In this study, the sample is formed by a group of 163 capital market firms listed on Bovespa and presenting financial information in the period 2000 to 2007, categorized by sector, using data obtained in Economática. The statistical model used for this research was the regression analysis in order to explain the different cross-sectional models. These survey results indicate that accruals are significant to explain the EVAR of Brazilian companies. Our results suggest that the identification of structural model corporate earnings variability (EVAR) in Brazilian companies should be evidenced by non-financial variables that differ from those made by U.S. firms.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar o impacto dos accruals na variabilidade dos resultados corporativos (EVAR) que influenciam a aplicação prática do income smoothing nas firmas brasileiras de capital aberto. Inicialmente, é demonstrada a importância das demonstrações contábeis que devem ser evidenciadas em cumprimento aos princípios contábeis geralmente aceitos. Sua evidenciação deve representar a realidade econômico-financeira da firma para o processo de tomada de decisão dos acionistas e credores. Porém, em determinados momentos, os gestores se sentem motivados a praticar o gerenciamento dos resultados contábeis na tentativa de reduzir a variabilidade dos lucros por meio da utilização dos accruals. Os accruals correspondem à diferença entre o lucro líquido e o fluxo de caixa operacional. Nesse processo de redução da volatilidade dos resultados, os gestores se utilizam da prática do income smoothing procurando reduzir eventuais distorções no preço das ações da firma. A amostra neste estudo é composta por um grupo de 163 firmas de capital aberto listadas na Bovespa e que apresentaram informações financeiras no intervalo de 2000 a 2007, categorizadas por setores através de dados obtidos na Economática. O modelo estatístico utilizado na pesquisa foi a análise de regressão para explicar os diferentes modelos de cross-sectional. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que os accruals são significativos para explicar a variabilidade dos resultados corporativos (EVAR) de empresas brasileiras. Além disso, nossos resultados sugerem que o modelo estrutural de identificação do EVAR nas empresas brasileiras deve ser explicado por variáveis não contábeis diferentes das que são apresentadas pelas firmas norte-americanas.
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Cederburg, Scott Hogeland. "Essays in cross-sectional asset pricing." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/934.

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In this dissertation, I study the performance of asset-pricing models in explaining the cross section of expected stock returns. The finance literature has uncovered several potential failings of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). I investigate the ability of additional risk factors, which are not considered by the CAPM, to explain these problems. In particular, I examine intertemporal risk and long-run risk in the cross section of returns. In addition, I develop a firm-level test to refine and reassess the cross-sectional evidence against the CAPM. In the first chapter, I test the cross-sectional implications of the Intertemporal CAPM (ICAPM) of Merton (1973) and Campbell (1993, 1996) using a new firm-level approach. I find that the ICAPM performs well in explaining returns. Consistent with theoretical predictions, investors require a large positive premium for taking on market risk and zero-beta assets earn the risk-free rate. Moreover, investors accept lower returns on assets that hedge against adverse shifts in the investment opportunity set. The ICAPM explains more cross-sectional variation in average returns than either the CAPM or Fama-French (1993) model. I also investigate whether the SMB and HML factors of the Fama-French model proxy for intertemporal risk and find little evidence in favor of this conjecture. In the second chapter, we propose an intertemporal asset-pricing model that simultaneously resolves the puzzling negative relations between expected stock return and analysts' forecast dispersion, idiosyncratic volatility, and credit risk. All three effects emerge in a long-run risk economy accommodating a formal cross section of firms characterized by mean-reverting expected dividend growth. Higher cash flow duration firms exhibit higher exposure to economic growth shocks while they are less sensitive to firm-specific news. Such firms command higher risk premiums but exhibit lower measures of idiosyncratic risk. Empirical evidence broadly supports our model's predictions, as higher dispersion, idiosyncratic volatility, and credit risk firms display lower exposure to long-run risk along with higher firm-specific risk. Lastly, in the third chapter, we examine asset-pricing anomalies at the firm level. Portfolio-level tests linking CAPM alphas to a large number of firm characteristics suggest that the CAPM fails across multiple dimensions. There are, however, concerns that underlying firm-level associations may be distorted at the portfolio level. In this paper we use a hierarchical Bayes approach to model conditional firm-level alphas as a function of firm characteristics. Our empirical results indicate that much of the portfolio-based evidence against the CAPM is overstated. Anomalies are primarily confined to small stocks, few characteristics are robustly associated with CAPM alphas out of sample, and most firm characteristics do not contain unique information about abnormal returns.
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Mokveld, Philip Jan. "The accelerated failure time model under cross sectional sampling schemes." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/48642.

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LeSage, James, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Cross-sectional dependence model specifications in a static trade panel data setting." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6886/1/2019%2D03%2D31_WP_Cross%2Dsectional.pdf.

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The focus is on cross-sectional dependence in panel trade flow models. We propose alternative specifications for modeling time invariant factors such as socio-cultural indicator variables, e.g., common language and currency. These are typically treated as a source of heterogeneity eliminated using fixed effects transformations, but we find evidence of cross-sectional dependence after eliminating country-specific and time-specific effects. These findings suggest use of alternative simultaneous dependence model specifications that accommodate cross-sectional dependence, which we set forth along with Bayesian estimation methods. Ignoring cross-sectional dependence implies biased estimates from panel trade flow models that rely on fixed effects.
Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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LeSage, James P., and Manfred M. Fischer. "Cross-sectional dependence model specifications in a static trade panel data setting." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5904/1/intl_trade_flows_dec_07_2017v3.pdf.

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The focus is on cross-sectional dependence in panel trade flow models. We propose alternative specifications for modeling time invariant factors such as socio-cultural indicator variables, e.g., common language and currency. These are typically treated as a source of heterogeneity eliminated using fixed effects transformations, but we find evidence of cross-sectional dependence after eliminating country-specific effects. These findings suggest use of alternative simultaneous dependence model specifications that accommodate cross-sectional dependence, which we set forth along with Bayesian estimation methods. Ignoring cross-sectional dependence implies biased estimates from panel trade flow models that rely on fixed effects.
Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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Tackett, Bailey Price. "Psychosocial Predictors of Eating Disorder Classification: Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Analyses." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248447/.

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There is growing concern for eating pathology and body dissatisfaction in sports; particularly, in sports that emphasize a lean body type. In 325 female collegiate swimmers/divers and gymnasts, we examined psychosocial well-being (i.e., perception of weight pressures, levels of internalization, body satisfaction, dietary intent, negative affect) at the beginning and end of an athletic season and predict their eating disorder classification at the end of their athletic season. Logistic regressions revealed that a model containing all 14 predictors at the beginning and end of an athletic season significantly predicted eating disorder classification at the end of an athletic season. Specifically, in the longitudinal logistic regression, with every one unit of increase on a measure of the pressure felt within the sport environment regarding their weight and every unit increase on a measure of their intentions to diet, respectively, the female athletes were 49% and 89% more likely to be classified in the subclinical/clinical group at the end of their sport season. Surprisingly, with every one unit of increase on a measure of sociocultural pressure to exercise, female athletes were 43% less likely to be classified in the subclinical/clinical group six months later. The cross-sectional logistic regression found that only dietary restraint was significant. Specifically, with every one unit of increase on a measure of their intentions to diet the female athletes were 3.6 times more likely to be classified in the subclinical/clinical group at the end of their sport season. The implications of this study may emphasize the importance of body healthy sport systems to reduce sport specific pressures and dieting among female collegiate athletes. Limitations of this study include self-report measures and longitudinal timeframe was only across one athletic season.
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Kim, Soohong. "TV viewing patterns, differential gain model, and social capital activities cross-sectional and cohort time use data /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Al-Momani, Mohammad H. "Financial Transfer and Its Impact on the Level of Democracy: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Time Series Model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4243/.

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This dissertation is a pooled time series, cross-sectional, quantitative study of the impact of international financial transfer on the level of democracy. The study covers 174 developed and developing countries from 1976 through 1994. Through evaluating the democracy and democratization literature and other studies, the dissertation develops a theory and testable hypotheses about the impact of the international variables foreign aid and foreign direct investment on levels of democracy. This study sought to determine whether these two financial variables promote or nurture democracy and if so, how? A pooled time-series cross-sectional model is developed employing these two variables along with other relevant control variables. Control variables included the presence of the Cold War and existence of formal alliance with the United States, which account for the strategic dimension that might affect the financial transfer - level of democracy linkage. The model also includes an economic development variable (per capita Gross National Product) to account for the powerful impact for economic development on the level of democracy, as well as a control for each country's population size. By addressing and the inclusion of financial, economic, strategic, and population size effects, I consider whether change in these variables affect the level of democracy and in which direction. The dissertation tests this model by employing several techniques. The variables are subjected to bivariate and multivariate analysis including bivariate correlations, analysis of variance, and ordinary least square (OLS) multivariate regression with robust matrix and a lagged dependent variable. Panel corrected standard error (PCSE) was also employed to empirically test the pooled timeseries cross-sectional multivariate model. The dissertation analytical section concludes with path analysis testing which showed the impact of each of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The findings indicate less impact of international financial variables upon the level of democracy than hypothesized. Foreign assistance correlates negatively with economic development levels and has no effect on democracy levels. In contrast, foreign direct investment associates positively to economic development levels and, through increased economic development, contributes to democracy.
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Kloub, Maha, and Annika Gerigoorian. "A Cross-Sectional Technology Acceptance Study of an AI CAD System in a Breast Screening Unit." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299859.

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In January 2021, one of the first large-scale implementations of an artificial intelligent computer-aided detection system (AI CAD) for detecting breast cancer was implemented at Capio S:t Göran hospital in Stockholm. AI CAD for detecting breast cancer is promising, however, it can only be a successful implementation if it is accepted by the end-users. This study examines and evaluates factors critical to the acceptance of the AI CAD, prior to the radiology professionals using it by applying the third version of the Technology Acceptance Model, that is TAM3. A questionnaire was designed and distributed accordingly to 28 professionals at the hospital’s breast screening unit. The quantitative data collected were further analyzed using the statistical tool SPSS. The empirical findings concluded that the intention to use the AI CAD was influenced directly by the perceived usefulness and indirectly by image, job relevance, and perceived ease of use. In addition, the association between subjective norm and image was shown to be significant. This study further revealed two new associations, contrary to what TAM3 postulates, the first one being between image and behavioral intention and the second one being between job relevance and behavioral intention. Organizational support, system-related activities, and information and communication are interventions suggested based on the findings in this study, in which the breast screening unit at S:t Göran should tap into to enhance the acceptance of the AI CAD system.
I januari 2021, implementerades ett artificiellt intelligent datorstött detektionssystem som ska upptäcka bröstcancer på Capio S:t Görans sjukhus i Stockholm. Användning av AI CAD för att upptäcka bröstcancer är lovande, men det kan endast bli en framgångsrik implementering om det accepteras av de som använder systemet. Denna studie undersöker och utvärderar de initiala faktorer som är avgörande för användaracceptansen av AI CAD hos radiologipersonal genom att utgå från den senaste versionen av teknologiacceptansmodellen – Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3). Ett frågeformulär utformades i enlighet med modellen och distribuerades till 28 yrkesverksamma på S:t Görans mammografiavdelning. Den kvantitativa data som samlades in från enkäten analyserades med hjälp av det statistiska verktyget SPSS. De empiriska resultaten visade att radiologipersonalens avsikt att använda AI CAD påverkades direkt av den upplevda användbarheten av systemet och indirekt av personalens upplevda syn på hur enkelt systemet är att använda, att systemet är relevant för personalens jobb samt att systemet kan höja personalens image. Dessutom bekräftade studien att den subjektiva normen påverkar systemets image. Slutligen upptäcktes två nya associationer, i vilken TAM3 inte antar. Dessa påträffades mellan image och den beteendemässiga intentionen till att använda systemet samt mellan jobbrelevansen och den beteendemässiga intentionen till att använda systemet. Organisationsstöd, systemrelaterade aktiviteter samt information och kommunikation med personal är interventioner som föreslås baserat på resultaten i denna studie som mammografiavdelningen på S:t Görans sjukhus bör utnyttja för att öka acceptansen av AI CAD systemet.
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Lenhart, Clare M. "AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF MODERATE-TO-VIGOROUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN 4TH, 6TH AND 8TH GRADE STUDENTS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/175904.

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Public Health
Ph.D.
Contemporary American youth fail to meet national recommendations for physical activity at alarmingly high rates despite well-established protective effects of physical activity on multiple domains of health. There is an established pattern of disparity in physical activity participation whereby girls, those of lower socioeconomic status and those of African American and Hispanic backgrounds are less apt to report regular physical activity in keeping with national recommendations. Large scale investigations to increase the proportion of highly active youth have yet to realize widespread success. In light of emerging evidence suggesting physical activity levels may begin to decline earlier than previously thought, there is a possibility that research and intervention efforts to date may have approached the problem of declining activity after the risk behavior of inactivity had already been established. Despite numerous investigations into factors associated with physical activity in youth, many questions remain unanswered. Among the considerations that are not well understood is when physical activity levels begin to decline for at-risk subgroups of youth and what modifiable individual, interpersonal and/or environmental-level factors are associated with remaining highly active in these populations. This ecologically-based cross-sectional study represents an initial step toward addressing these considerations among elementary and middle school students. Self-reported primary data were collected from a convenience sample of 321 public school students from the 4th, 6th and 8th grade. Students represent the racial/ethnic and socio-economic groups at greatest risk of not meeting national recommendations for physical activity. Study questionnaires queried a range of factors believed to be associated with physical activity, such as availability of social support, self-efficacy for activity, and perceptions of environmental attributes. In addition, two separate physical activity outcome measures were assessed. Factors associated with physical activity at the univariate level (p>0.2) were included in forward stepwise binary regression models to predict reporting of high physical activity. A significant decrease in the proportion of highly active girls was noted between the 4th and 6th grade groups while the proportion of highly active boys did not differ significantly between grade levels. Among 6th and 8th grade students, the difference in physical activity between genders was significant with males reporting more physical activity than females in each grade level. Distinct variables were associated with highly active students in each grade- and gender-specific regression model. After controlling for all other included variables, high social support was most strongly associated with reporting of high activity among girls while for boys in this sample, perceived normal weight status was the strongest predictor of high activity. Among all students, use of daily active transport to school was also strongly associated with reporting of high physical activity. Future investigations involving younger students and utilizing enhanced, longitudinal designs may provide greater insight into the preliminary findings reported in this study.
Temple University--Theses
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Books on the topic "Cross sectional Jones model"

1

Smith, Lones A. Cross-sectional dynamics in a two-sided matching model. Cambridge, Mass: Dept. of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995.

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Cochrane, John H. A cross-sectional test of a production-based asset pricing model. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Kan, Raymond. Pricing model performance and the two-pass cross-sectional regression methodology. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

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Bertola, Giuseppe. Cross sectional efficiency and labor hoarding in a matching model of unemployment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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Lettau, Martin. Resurrecting the (c)CAPM: A cross-sectional test when risk premia are time-varying. [New York, N.Y.]: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 1999.

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Kodde, David A. Optimal composite forecasts on the basis of cross-sectional data: With an application to management, analyst and dynamic model forecasts of revenues and profits. Brussels: European Institute For Advanced Studies in Management, 1988.

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7

Rogowski, Ronald. Trade, Immigration, and Cross‐Border Investment. Edited by Donald A. Wittman and Barry R. Weingast. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.003.0045.

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This article discusses the implications of four models related to trade, immigration, and cross-border investment. These four models are: Hecksher-Ohlin, Samuelson-Jones and Ricardo-Viner, neo-Ricardian, and Economies of Scale. The first three models assume constant returns to scale, but all models make the conventional assumption of diminishing marginal returns to any individual factor. The article discusses each model in detail, focusing on trade in products and cross-border migration and investment.
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Richman, Laura Smart, Elizabeth A. Pascoe, and Micah Lattanner. Interpersonal Discrimination and Physical Health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.6.

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Interpersonal discrimination contributes to health inequalities for disadvantaged groups across numerous stigmatized identities. This effect has been found using cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental designs. Interpersonal discrimination has been associated with poor health across a wide range of mental health outcomes, including greater rates of depression, psychological distress, anxiety, and negative well-being, and also physical health outcomes such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory problems, self-reported ill health, low birth weight, and cardiovascular disease. This chapter examines the relationship between interpersonal discrimination and health. It first reviews the literature, focusing on current best measurement practices, and then provides support for the theoretical model of the pathways by which interpersonal discrimination impacts health outcomes. The chapter then presents an updated meta-analysis that further supports the model and expands on types of discrimination and outcomes. It concludes with a discussion of directions for future research.
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Jappelli, Tullio, and Luigi Pistaferri. The Age Profile of Consumption and Wealth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0002.

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The life-cycle model yields a number of important empirical predictions about consumption and saving behavior. First, the growth rate of consumption depends on the difference between the expected real interest rate and the rate of time preference and varies with the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Second, individuals seek to smooth the marginal utility of consumption over time. Third, young consumers should be accumulating resources for retirement, and hence have an adequate level of wealth at retirement. Finally, the elderly should be decumulating resources. To test these predictions, one can draw on a vast array of data on interest rates, consumption, income, and wealth. Some come from time series and national accounts, others from cross-sectional or longitudinal surveys of households. This chapter introduces stylized facts that emerge from a first examination of such data, pointing out the merits but also the drawbacks of the available sources.
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Lee, Patricia, Donald Stewart, and Stephen Clift. Group Singing and Quality of Life. Edited by Brydie-Leigh Bartleet and Lee Higgins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219505.013.22.

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International research has broadly reported positive effects of singing on health. Choral singing, a social activity, can contribute to health and social and emotional well-being through enhancing individual and social variables, such as a sense of motivation, personal worth, concentration, and social engagement. This cross-sectional study aimed to establish a quantitative model to explain how multiple attributes of choral singing interact to impact on different dimensions of health and well-being. Using data from an Australian subsample within a multinational project, the results, from a series of stepwise hierarchical regression models, showed that choral singing benefited the choir members’ physical and psychological health and well-being through social engagement and a sense of positive identity. Choral singing also impacted social health and well-being positively by promoting feelings of excitement and importance to life, as well as longer duration of involvement in the choir. This study will contribute to developing targeted group singing or social activities to promote continued physical, psychological, and social health.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cross sectional Jones model"

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Kolari, James W., Wei Liu, and Jianhua Z. Huang. "Cross-Sectional Tests of the ZCAPM." In A New Model of Capital Asset Prices, 159–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65197-8_7.

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Kim, Y. H., and S. W. Lee. "A Large Deflection Finite Element Model of Beams with Arbitrary Cross-Sectional Warping." In Computational Mechanics ’88, 827–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61381-4_210.

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Bürger, R., K. H. Karlsen, N. H. Risebro, and J. D. Towers. "On a Model for Continuous Sedimentation in Vessels with Discontinuous Cross-sectional Area." In Hyperbolic Problems: Theory, Numerics, Applications, 397–406. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55711-8_36.

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Saito, Atsushi, Koyo Nakayama, Antonio R. Porras, Awais Mansoor, Elijah Biggs, Marius George Linguraru, and Akinobu Shimizu. "Construction of a Spatiotemporal Statistical Shape Model of Pediatric Liver from Cross-Sectional Data." In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2018, 676–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00934-2_75.

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Paliwal, Khushal, Nitin H. Joshi, and Pooja Bhojani. "Carrying Capacity of Model Steel Pile Foundation with Different Cross-Sectional Shapes in Sand." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 225–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6346-5_20.

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Booth, Brian G., and Ghassan Hamarneh. "A Cross-Sectional Piecewise Constant Model for Segmenting Highly Curved Fiber Tracts in Diffusion MR Images." In Advanced Information Systems Engineering, 469–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40760-4_59.

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Broy, Manfred, Wolfgang Böhm, and Bernhard Rumpe. "Advanced Systems Engineering." In Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems, 353–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62136-0_19.

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AbstractAdvanced systems engineering (ASE) is a new paradigm for agile, efficient, evolutionary, and quality-aware development of complex cyber-physical systems using modern digital technologies and tools. ASE is essentially enabled by smart digital modeling tools for specifying, modeling, testing, simulating, and analyzing the system under development embedded in a coherent and consistent methodology.The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) projects SPES2020, SPES_XT, and CrESt offer such a methodology and framework for model-based systems engineering (MBSE). The framework provides a comprehensive methodology for MBSE that is independent of tools and modeling languages. The framework also offers a comprehensive set of concrete modeling techniques and activities that build on a formal, mathematical foundation. The SPES framework is based on four principles that are of paramount importance: (1) Functional as well as non-functional requirements fully modeled and understood at system level. (2) Consistent consideration of interfaces at each system level. (3) Decomposition of systems into subsystems and their interfaces. (4) Models for a variety of cross-sectional topics (e.g., variability, safety, dynamics).
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Tai, Tzu, and Cheng Few Lee. "Forecasting Implied Volatilities for Options on Index Futures: Time-Series and Cross-Sectional Analysis versus Constant Elasticity of Variance (CEV) Model." In Portfolio Construction, Measurement, and Efficiency, 355–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33976-4_16.

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Mujeyi, Angeline, and Maxwell Mudhara. "Economic Analysis of Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies in Maize Production in Smallholder Farming Systems." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 225–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_17.

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AbstractSmallholder farmers who grow the staple maize crop rely mainly on rain-fed agricultural production, and yields are estimated to have decreased by over 50% largely due to climate change. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies, as adaptive strategies, are thus increasingly being promoted to overcome problems of declining agricultural productivity and reduced technical efficiency. This study analyzed profitability and profit efficiency in maize (Zea mays) production as a result of CSA technology adoption using cost-benefit analysis and stochastic profit frontier model. The study used data from a cross-sectional household survey of 386 households drawn from 4 districts in Mashonaland East province located in the northeastern part of Zimbabwe. Results from the cost-benefit analysis reveal that maize performs best under CSA technologies. The profit inefficiency model shows that extension contact, number of local traders, and adoption of CSA had significant negative coefficients indicating that as these variables increase, profit efficiency among maize-growing farmers increases. This implies that profit inefficiency in maize production can be reduced significantly with improvement in extension contact, access to farm gate/local markets, and adoption of CSA. The findings call for development practitioners to incorporate market linkages that bring buyers closer to the farmers, support for extension to be able to have frequent contacts with farmers, and promotion of CSA adoption.
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Fredriksen, Dennis F., and Nils M. Stølen. "Model 1 MOSART (Dynamic Cross-Sectional Microsimulation Model)." In Modelling our Future - Population Ageing, Health and Aged Care, 433–37. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0386(06)16020-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cross sectional Jones model"

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Darbandi, Masoud, Hossein Reza Abbasi, Moslem Sabouri, and Rasool Khaledi-Alidusti. "Simulation of Heat Transfer in Nanoscale Flow Using Molecular Dynamics." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31065.

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We investigate heat transfer between parallel plates separated by liquid argon using two-dimensional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations incorporating with 6–12 Lennard-Jones potential between molecule pairs. In molecular dynamics simulation of nanoscale flows through nanochannels, it is customary to fix the wall molecules. However, this approach cannot suitably model the heat transfer between the fluid molecules and wall molecules. Alternatively, we use thermal walls constructed from the oscillating molecules, which are connected to their original positions using linear spring forces. This approach is much more effective than the one which uses a fixed lattice wall modeling to simulate the heat transfer between wall and fluid. We implement this idea in analyzing the heat transfer in a few cases, including the shear driven and poiseuille flow with specified heat flux boundary conditions. In this method, the work done by the viscous stress (in case of shear driven flow) and the force applied to the fluid molecules (in case of poiseuille flow) produce heat in the fluid, which is dissipated from the nanochannel walls. We present the velocity profiles and temperature distributions for the both chosen test cases. As a result of interaction between the fluid molecules and their adjacent wall molecules, we can clearly observe the velocity slip in the velocity profiles and the temperature jump in the cross-sectional temperature distributions.
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Hartmann, Claudio, Martin Hahmann, Dirk Habich, and Wolfgang Lehner. "CSAR: The Cross-Sectional Autoregression Model." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsaa.2017.27.

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Kraus, Nicholas C. "Inlet Cross-Sectional Area Calculated by Process-Based Model." In 26th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784404119.248.

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Wang, Xiaolong. "Survey on Spatial Econometric Model for Cross-Sectional Data." In 2015 International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichssr-15.2015.41.

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Ding, Lu, X. Luís Deán-Ben, and Daniel Razansky. "High Speed Model-based Inversion in Cross-sectional Optoacoustic Tomography." In Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cancer.2016.jtu3a.19.

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"A cross-sectional model of German high street retailing rents." In 19th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2012. ERES, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2012_143.

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Yong, Shaohui, Victor Khilkevich, Yuanzhuo Liu, Ruijie He, Yuandong Guo, Han Gao, Scott Hinaga, et al. "A Cross-sectional Profile Based Model for Stripline Conductor Surface Roughness." In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility & Signal/Power Integrity (EMCSI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emcsi38923.2020.9191620.

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LARSON, MAGNUS, HANS HANSON, NICHOLAS C. KRAUS, and LE XUAN HOAN. "ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR THE EVOLUTION OF COASTAL INLET CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA." In The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814355537_0034.

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STEMPLE, ALAN, and SUNG LEE. "A finite element model for composite beams with arbitrary cross-sectional warping." In 28th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-773.

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Ding, Lu, Xosé Luís Deán-Ben, and Daniel Razansky. "20 frames per second model-based reconstruction in cross-sectional optoacoustic tomography." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Alexander A. Oraevsky and Lihong V. Wang. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2252666.

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Reports on the topic "Cross sectional Jones model"

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Kan, Raymond, Cesare Robotti, and Jay Shanken. Pricing Model Performance and the Two-Pass Cross-Sectional Regression Methodology. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15047.

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Cochrane, John. A Cross-Sectional Test of a Production-Based Asset Pricing Model. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4025.

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Bertola, Giuseppe, and Ricardo Caballero. Cross Sectional Efficiency and Labor Hoarding in an Matching Model of Unemployment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4472.

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Erulkar, Annabel, and Erica Chong. Evaluation of a savings and micro-credit program for vulnerable young women in Nairobi. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1010.

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Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY) was a four-year initiative undertaken by the Population Council and K-Rep Development Agency to reduce adolescents’ vulnerabilities to adverse social and reproductive health outcomes by improving livelihoods options. The project targeted out-of-school adolescent girls and young women aged 16–22 residing in low-income and slum areas of Nairobi. TRY used a modified group-based micro-finance model to extend integrated savings, credit, business support, and mentoring to out-of-school adolescents and young women. A longitudinal study of participants was conducted with a matched comparison group identified through cross-sectional community-based studies, undertaken at baseline and endline to enable an assessment of changes associated with the project. This report states that 326 participants and their controls were interviewed at baseline and 222 pairs were interviewed at endline. The results suggest that rigorous micro-finance models may be appropriate for a subset of girls, especially those who are older and less vulnerable. The impact on noneconomic indicators is less clear. Additional experimentation and adaptation is required to develop livelihoods models that acknowledge and respond to the particular situation of adolescent girls.
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Nagahi, Morteza, Raed Jaradat, Mohammad Nagahisarchoghaei, Ghodsieh Ghanbari, Sujan Poudyal, and Simon Goerger. Effect of individual differences in predicting engineering students' performance : a case of education for sustainable development. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40700.

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The academic performance of engineering students continues to receive attention in the literature. Despite that, there is a lack of studies in the literature investigating the simultaneous relationship between students' systems thinking (ST) skills, Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits, proactive personality scale, academic, demographic, family background factors, and their potential impact on academic performance. Three established instruments, namely, ST skills instrument with seven dimensions, FFM traits with five dimensions, and proactive personality with one dimension, along with a demographic survey, have been administrated for data collection. A cross-sectional web-based study applying Qualtrics has been developed to gather data from engineering students. To demonstrate the prediction power of the ST skills, FFM traits, proactive personality, academic, demographics, and family background factors on the academic performance of engineering students, two unsupervised learning algorithms applied. The study results identify that these unsupervised algorithms succeeded to cluster engineering students' performance regarding primary skills and characteristics. In other words, the variables used in this study are able to predict the academic performance of engineering students. This study also has provided significant implications and contributions to engineering education and education sustainable development bodies of knowledge. First, the study presents a better perception of engineering students' academic performance. The aim is to assist educators, teachers, mentors, college authorities, and other involved parties to discover students' individual differences for a more efficient education and guidance environment. Second, by a closer examination at the level of systemic thinking and its connection with FFM traits, proactive personality, academic, and demographic characteristics, understanding engineering students' skillset would be assisted better in the domain of sustainable education.
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