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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-sectional design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. "Basic epidemiology research designs I: cross-sectional design." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 26, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2018.1556415.

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2

Piegl, L. A., and W. Tiller. "Cross-Sectional Design with Boundary Constraints." Engineering with Computers 15, no. 2 (April 19, 1999): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003660050012.

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3

Bentamy, Anas, François Guibault, and Jean Yves Trépanier. "Cross-sectional design with curvature constraints." Computer-Aided Design 37, no. 14 (December 2005): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2005.03.005.

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4

Levin, Kate Ann. "Study design III: Cross-sectional studies." Evidence-Based Dentistry 7, no. 1 (March 2006): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400375.

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5

Li, Leihong, Vitali V. Volovoi, and Dewey H. Hodges. "Cross-Sectional Design of Composite Rotor Blades." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 53, no. 3 (2008): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.53.240.

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6

Woodward, Charles D. "Cross-sectional design of B-spline surfaces." Computers & Graphics 11, no. 2 (January 1987): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(87)90032-x.

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7

Abduh, Muhammad, Tri Alawiyah, Gio Apriansyah, Rusdy Abdullah Sirodj, and M. Win Afgani. "Survey Design: Cross Sectional dalam Penelitian Kualitatif." Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Komputer 3, no. 01 (December 22, 2022): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/jpsk.v3i01.1955.

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Penelitian dilakukan untuk mencari suatu masalah yang belum pasti kebenaran nya, dengan sebuah ilmu pengetahuan dapat ditemukan dari inti permasalahan. Dalam meneliti ada suatu metode dan tidak sembarang metode yang akan digunakan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, kuantitatif, kombinasi, atau pengembangan, setelah itu ada desain. Tujuan dari tulisan yaitu memberikan gambaran bagaimana melaksanakan penelitian dengan survey. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam menyelsaikan makalah ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Kegiatan ini mengkaji kritis pemikiran tokoh-tokoh dan literatur buku, jurnal, dan yang berkaitan lainnya yang memang sesuai dengan materi yang akan disajikan. Desain Cross Sectional merupakan suatu penelitian untuk mempelajari dinamika korelasi antara faktor-faktor resiko dengan efek, dengan cara pendekatan, observasi atau pengumpulan data sekaligus pada suatu saat (point time approach). Artinya, tiap subjek penelitian hanya diobservasi sekali saja dan pengukuran dilakukan terhadap status karakter atau variabel subjek pada saat pemeriksaan. Hal ini tidak berarti bahwa semua subjek penelitian diamati pada waktu yang sama. Desain ini dapat mengetahui dengan jelas mana yang jadi pemajan dan outcome, serta jelas kaitannya hubungan sebab akibatnya.

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8

SHIMODA, Masatoshi, and Yoshinori ENOHATA. "3203 Minimum Design of Cross Sectional Area subject to Sectional Properties in Preliminary Design Stage." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2006.16 (2006): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2006.16.297.

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9

Brown, Alan C. "Fundamentals of low radar cross-sectional aircraft design." Journal of Aircraft 30, no. 3 (May 1993): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.46331.

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10

Puspa Zuleika and Legiran. "Cross-Sectional Study as Research Design in Medicine." Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 3, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v3i2.193.

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A cross-sectional study is an observational study that analyzes data from a population at one point in time. These studies are often used to measure prevalence in medicine, analyze health studies, and describe health characteristics. Unlike other types of observations, in a cross-sectional study, each research subject was only observed once, the measurement of research variables was carried out at the time of the observation, and no follow-up was carried out on the measurements made. These studies are less expensive and easier to perform and help establish preliminary evidence in planning further studies in the future. This article reviews essential characteristics, describes strengths and weaknesses, discusses methodological issues, and provides design recommendations and statistical analysis for cross-sectional studies.

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11

Martin, Luisa, and Enrique Montes. "Optimal cross-sectional design for minimum embodied energy." Istrazivanja i projektovanja za privredu 12, no. 1 (2014): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes12-5669.

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12

Kouh, Jen‐Shiang. "Surface design using rational cubic splines and cross‐sectional design techniques." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 15, no. 4 (June 1992): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1992.9677436.

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13

Hwang, Yeong Maw, D. S. Lin, and Sheng Liang Lin. "Geometric Design of Rectangular Cross-Sectional Springs." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.126.

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In order to study the influence of the cross-sectional shape on the stiffness of a spring, a finite element analysis software DEFORM is used to simulate and analyze the torsion of rectangular cross-section bars. The material of the bar is TS1800 SAE9254 and the cross-section of aspect ratio (w / h) is 1.5. From literature it is known that when the rectangular section bar is twisted, the shear stress at the four corners is zero, so elliptical corners can decrease the volume and increase the stiffness with the same volume. Five levels for the long side of the elliptical corner are set as 1 to 5 mm, and 3 levels are set for the short side. Torsion of the rectangular section bars under 15 kinds of geometric designs are simulated to find the preferred cross-sectional shape design by evaluating the cross-sectional area, load, and the maximum shear stress. The objective of the design is obtaining a uniform stress distribution with a larger spring stiffness and lighter weight. The optimal cross section of the bars is established as the spring geometry, and the pre-loading processing of the spring is simulated. The required load and the maximum shear stress data are obtained. The effects of load, cross-sectional area and maximum shear stress on the springs performance are investigated.

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14

Wang, Zhaohui, Roger Ng, Edward Newton, and Weiyuan Zhang. "Modeling of Cross-sectional Shape for Women's Jacket Design." FIBER 63, no. 4 (2007): 87–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.63.87.

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15

Lebo, Matthew J., and Christopher Weber. "An Effective Approach to the Repeated Cross-Sectional Design." American Journal of Political Science 59, no. 1 (March 14, 2014): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12095.

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16

Shams, Alireza, Wayne A. Sarasua, Bradley J. Putman, William J. Davis, and Jennifer H. Ogle. "Highway Cross-Sectional Design and Maintenance to Minimize Hydroplaning." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements 146, no. 4 (December 2020): 04020065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jpeodx.0000213.

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17

Ding, Yunliang, and Björn J. D. Esping. "Optimum design of beams with different cross-sectional shapes." Computers & Structures 24, no. 5 (January 1986): 707–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(86)90138-0.

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18

Andrade, Chittaranjan. "Simultaneous Descriptors of Research Design." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 44, no. 1 (January 2022): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02537176211061654.

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Many students are not aware that research design can be simultaneously described in many different ways; for example, a drug trial may be described as being prospective, longitudinal, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled, all at the same time. This article provides examples to explain how studies can be simultaneously prospective and cross-sectional, prospective and longitudinal, retrospective and cross-sectional, and retrospective and longitudinal. The term prospective indicates that the study data are newly collected, whereas the term retrospective indicates that the study data already exist in records and merely need to be extracted for study. The term cross-sectional indicates that the study subjects are studied on a single occasion; that is, at a single point in time. The term longitudinal indicates that the study subjects are followed up and that there is almost always more than one time point at which the subjects are assessed. This article also describes unusual designs, such as cross-sectional randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies with prospective data ascertainment.

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19

Asih, Okti Rahayu, Rahmi Fahmy, Dwi Novrianda, Henny Lucida, Vetty Priscilla, and Zifriyanthi Minanda Putri. "Cross Sectional: Dukungan Sosial dan Resiliensi Perawat." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 19, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v19i2.674.

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Resilience is an essential element to be built in the nursing profession in order to overcome challenges and difficulties in the workplace. Relationship and effective support that comes from family, friends and peers are factors that influence resilience. To examine the relationship between social support and nurse resilience. This research applied a quantitative design with cross sectional approach. The samples were taken by proportional random sampling and 110 nurses were chosen as the samples. The instruments in this study were CD-RISC 10 and MSPSS with modified. There is a relationship between social support and nurse resilience. Suggestion: Hospital management may design an innovative and creative programs to increase nurses’ perceived social support such as family gathering programs, family hospital tour programs and mentoring as an effort to increase their resilience

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20

A.A.Duroobi, Ahmed. "Free-Form Surfaces Design Using Reverse Engineering Depending on Cross-Sectional Design Method." Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37649/aengs.2012.41135.

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21

Zhao, Yi, Jin Yao, and Chun Tong. "Optimization Design of Rectangular Cross-Sectional Wire Race Ball Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.553.

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Wire race ball bearing with large radial size and small axial size, saves space extremely, and is widely used in rotary devices of large machineries. This paper establishes a mathematical model of optimization design of rectangular cross-sectional wire race ball bearing,and considers minimum friction torque as objective function, and analyses constraints of contact intensity and design specifications of wire race ball bearing, and forges an optical design method that determines the number of balls, the diameter of ball, the contact angle and the diameter of ball center circle as optimal design parameters, to attain the purpose of extending bearings life. Comparing results of Optimization with original sample, the friction torque of ball that bears maximum load reduces by 10.20%. This method provides a reference for conducting further scientific researches on wear of wire race ball bearing.

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22

Alzayer, Husam, Annette M. Geraghty, Kuruvilla K. Sebastian, Hardarsh Panesar, and Donal N. Reddan. "Dialysis Patients’ Preferences on Resuscitation: A Cross-Sectional Study Design." Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 9 (January 2022): 205435812211133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20543581221113383.

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Background: End-stage kidney disease is associated with a 10- to 100-fold increase in cardiovascular mortality compared with age-, sex-, and race-matched population. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in this cohort has poor outcomes and leads to increased functional morbidity. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess patients’ preferences toward CPR and advance care planning (ACP). Design: cross-sectional study design. Setting: Two outpatient dialysis units. Patients: Adults undergoing dialysis for more than 3 months were included. Exclusion criteria were severe cognitive impairment or non-English-speaking patients. Measurements: A structured interview with the use of Willingness to Accept Life-Sustaining Treatment (WALT) tool. Methods: Demographic data were collected, and baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Patient Health Questionnaire–9, Duke Activity Status Index, Charlson comorbidity index, and WALT instruments were used. Descriptive analysis, chi-square, and t test were performed along with probability plot for testing hypotheses. Results: Seventy participants were included in this analysis representing a 62.5% response rate. There was a clear association between treatment burden, anticipated clinical outcome, and the likelihood of that outcome with patient preferences. Low-burden treatment with expected return to baseline was associated with 98.5% willingness to accept treatment, whereas high-burden treatment with expected return to baseline was associated with 94.2% willingness. When the outcome was severe functional or cognitive impairment, then 45.7% and 28.5% would accept low-burden treatment, respectively. The response changed based on the likelihood of the outcome. In terms of resuscitation, more than 75% of the participants would be in favor of receiving CPR and mechanical ventilation at their current health state. Over 94% of patients stated they had never discussed ACP, whereas 59.4% expressed their wish to discuss this with their primary nephrologist. Limitations: Limited generalizability due to lack of diversity. Unclear decision stability due to changes in health status and patients’ priorities. Conclusions: ACP should be incorporated in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) to improve communication and encourage patient involvement.

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23

DSOUZA, J., R. WALTON, and D. MAIXNER. "Cross-sectional configuration of endodontic files compared with manufacturers' design." Journal of Endodontics 21, no. 12 (December 1995): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81111-8.

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24

Tsavdaridis, Konstantinos Daniel, Evangelos Efthymiou, Alikem Adugu, Jack A. Hughes, and Lukas Grekavicius. "Application of structural topology optimisation in aluminium cross-sectional design." Thin-Walled Structures 139 (June 2019): 372–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.02.038.

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25

Feldman-Winter, Lori, and Melissa Bartick. "Use of cross-sectional design for determining Baby-Friendly success." Journal of Pediatrics 219 (April 2020): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.069.

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26

Shuja, S. Z., S. M. Zubair, and M. S. Khan. "Thermoeconomic design and analysis of constant cross-sectional area fins." Heat and Mass Transfer 34, no. 5 (February 4, 1999): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310050270.

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27

Zangirolami-Raimundo, Juliana, Jorge De Oliveira Echeimberg, and Claudio Leone. "Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies." Journal of Human Growth and Development 28, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.152198.

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In health the most frequent researches are done in the form of observational studies. In this type of scientific research the researchers did not interfere with the phenomena under study, only observed in a systematic and standardized manner, collecting and recording information, data or materials that spontaneously occur at a particular time of the health-disease process, or along its natural evolution, and then proceed with its description and/or analysis. In observational studies normally four types of study design are used: case series studies, cross-section studies, case-control studies and cohort studies. Thus, cross-sectional studies are very useful in descriptive studies when used in studies that are proposed to be analytical, the results must be interpreted by researchers with good experience in that specific field of knowledge, using a lot of caution and common sense.

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28

B N, Sunil, and Prasanna Kamath B T. "Health Profile of Kolar Police Personnel: A Cross Sectional Study." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 08, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v08i3.4.

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Background: The police deal on a regular basis with an assortment of unique situations and stress-ors and this profession is considered as one of the top three occupations most commonly associated with workplace stress by both occupational physicians and psychiatrists. The prevalence of certain morbidities like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, low back ache and cardiovascular risk is more among police personnel than general population. Aims: To assess morbidity pattern among police personnel with the intention of providing inputs to the policy makers to bring about changes to address these issues of the police force. Set-tings and Design: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study was carried out on police personnel working in 5 police stations. Methods and Material: Complete information regarding socio-economic-demographic de-tails, occupational history, past and present history and family history was collected through interview. Gen-eral examination including anthropometric measurements and vitals with special reference to Non Com-municable diseases was recorded. Blood samples were collected to estimate Fasting Blood Sugar, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) and Lipid profile. Results: A total of 200 Police personnel were interviewed. Preva-lence of Obesity was 68% and Overweight was seen in 16%. 23.5% were Tobacco users and 28% were con-suming Alcohol. 46% of the people were suffering from Musculoskeletal Problems. 23% were diagnosed to have Diabetes Mellitus, 26% had Hypertension and 64.5% had Metabolic Syndrome. 183(91.5%) had abnor-mal lipid profile. Conclusions: Regular screening and health education programs needs to be implemented. Counseling related to lifestyle modification, addiction control and stress management should be an integral component of these health-related activities. Key-words: Policemen, Diabetes, Hypertension and Obesity

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29

Berger, Martijn P. F. "A Comparison of Efficiencies of Longitudinal, Mixed Longitudinal, and Cross-Sectional Designs." Journal of Educational Statistics 11, no. 3 (September 1986): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/10769986011003171.

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The choice among a longitudinal, mixed longitudinal, or cross-sectional design is often called for in educational and psychological research. The problem of choosing the most efficient design to estimate polynomial parameters for time-structured data is considered, and the comparison of the efficiencies shows that the assumed degree of the polynomial is crucial for the selection of the most efficient design. When the degree is much smaller than the number of time points and the correlations between adjacent time points are not too large, cross-sectional and mixed longitudinal designs are more efficient than a longitudinal design.

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30

Pareek, Shatrughan. "Awareness Assessment regarding COVID-19 among Population - A Cross-Sectional Online Study." International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research 07, no. 02 (December 7, 2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.202013.

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Background and Objective: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a very contagious disease. The study was conducted with aim to assess the awareness towards Corona virus disease among the population. Awareness towards the disease is important for prevention and control. Methodology: The research design was descriptive cross-sectional design. The study was conducted online in India due to COVID-19 crisis and lockdown. A structured awareness questionnaire was distributed to subjects by using social media platform. The questionnaire was based on information by the WHO. In present study, 585 subjects were included in the study by non-randomized snowball sampling technique. Result: In the present study, almost two third i.e. 66.2% of the respondents were females while; one third (33.8%) were males. Majority of the subjects (46%) learned about COVID-19 from social media. Awareness towards spread of disease and supportive treatment were 92.2% and 74% respectively. Additionally, majority i.e. 97% respondents knew the measures to be done if COVID-19 symptom occurs. In terms of affected by COVID-19, more than half i.e. 55.9% stated that all age groups are equally at risk followed by 39.7% disagreed with this statement, while 4.4% had no idea. Furthermore, towards COVID-19 management, 84.3% responses were correct. The overall awareness regarding COVID-19 was 74.2%. Conclusion: Upon understanding the percentage of people not aware about the age groups this virus will be affecting, keeping in mind good amount of knowledge amongst individuals about maintaining hygiene and social distancing, this survey would help the health care workers to create awareness regarding the effect of this virus on different age groups to help prevent carelessness amongst youth in following the regime. Furthermore, awareness among population towards the disease is crucial to minimize morbidity and mortality due to the disease.

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31

Kyriazis, Ioannis, and Ioannis Fudos. "Editing Operators for Cross-Sectional Data-Sets." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 16, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 1112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadaps.2019.1112-1126.

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32

Arda, Mustafa, and Metin Aydogdu. "Longitudinal Vibration of Variable Cross-Sectional Nanorods." Journal of Nano Research 64 (November 2020): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.64.49.

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Vibration problem of variable cross-sectional nanorods have been investigated. Analytical solutions have been determined for the variable cross-sectional nanorods for a family of cross-sectional variation. Cross-sectional area variation has been assumed as power function of the axial coordinate. Nonlocal governing equation of motion has been obtained as a second order linear differential equation. Bessel functions have been used in analytical solution of the governing differential equation. Effect of nonlocal and area variation power parameters on dynamics of nanorods have been analyzed. Mode shapes of nanorod have been depicted in various cases and boundary conditions. Present results could be useful at design of atomic force microscope’s probe tip selection.

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Zhou, Yanfen, Karen K. Dixon, and J. L. Gattis. "Influences of Cross-Sectional Design Elements at Urban Arterial Driveway Locations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2486, no. 1 (January 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2486-08.

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34

Omirou, Sotiris L., and Andreas C. Nearchou. "A CNC machine tool interpolator for surfaces of cross-sectional design." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 23, no. 2 (April 2007): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2006.01.001.

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35

ALANDER, P., L. LASSILA, and P. VALLITTU. "The span length and cross-sectional design affect values of strength." Dental Materials 21, no. 4 (April 2005): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2004.05.009.

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36

Choi, J. C., B. M. Kim, S. W. Kim, and C. H. Kim. "Computer-aided forging-die design for two-dimensional cross-sectional components." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 62, no. 1-3 (November 1996): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(95)02194-9.

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Chen, Junbo, Tak-Ming Chan, and Kwok-Fai Chung. "Design of square and rectangular CFST cross-sectional capacities in compression." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 176 (January 2021): 106419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106419.

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Salamon, Gerald L., and Roann Kopel. "Accounting method related misspecification in cross-sectional capital market research design." Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 12, no. 3 (September 1993): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4254(93)90028-a.

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39

Diehr, Paula, Donald C. Martin, Thomas Koepsell, Allen Cheadle, Bruce M. Psaty, and Edward H. Wagner. "Optimal survey design for community intervention evaluations: Cohort or cross-sectional?" Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 48, no. 12 (December 1995): 1461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(95)00055-0.

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40

Moayyedian, Mehdi, Kazem Abhary, and Romeo Marian. "Elliptical cross sectional shape of runner system in injection mold design." International Journal of Plastics Technology 20, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12588-016-9153-4.

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41

Ford, Allison, Anne Marie MacKintosh, Crawford Moodie, Sol Richardson, and Gerard Hastings. "Cigarette pack design and adolescent smoking susceptibility: a cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 3, no. 9 (September 2013): e003282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003282.

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42

Jiang, Jing. "Cross-sectional variation of market efficiency." Review of Accounting and Finance 16, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-02-2016-0018.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide evidence that market efficiency varies greatly across individual stock, and across market exchanges. Design/methodology/approach Three approaches, partial adjustment model, Dimson beta model and variance ratio test, are used on a large sample of US stocks. Findings This paper finds prices are closer to random walk benchmarks (i.e. more efficient) for stocks with better liquidity provision, frequent trading, greater return volatility, higher prices, larger market capitalizations and smaller trade sizes. These findings suggest that liquidity stimulates arbitrage activity, which, in turn, enhances market efficiency. Market efficiency also varies with information environment. The results show that stocks with greater information-based trading exhibit higher level of efficiency. Finally, market structure influences market efficiency. New York Stock Exchange stocks achieve higher level of efficiency than NASDAQ stocks do. The empirical results are robust and not driven by differences in stock attributes between the two markets. Research limitations/implications Overall, these results indicate that liquidity provision, stock attributes and market structure exert a significant impact on the realization of market efficiency. Practical implications In addition, this paper is also relevant to both stock exchanges facing increased competition and to market regulators. Originality/value Prior studies offer little evidence on the speed at which new information is impounded into the price. There is also limited evidence regarding how liquidity provision and market structure affect market efficiency. Using a transformation of the speed of price adjustment and other measurements as proxies for individual stock efficiency, this study may shed further lights on our understanding of market efficiency.

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43

Bhamra, Tracy, Jo Heeley, and David Tyler. "A Cross-Sectional Approach to New Product Development." Design Journal 1, no. 3 (November 1998): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/146069298790225262.

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44

Na, Jing Xin, and Jian Feng Gao. "Bi-Level Optimization for Cross-Sectional Size of Bus Body." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.434.

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A bi-level optimization method, integrating both local line search and overall multi-objective optimization, is proposed aiming to provide a solution for lightweight design of integral bus bodies. On the first level, the lightest structure under the strength condition is obtained via implementing line-search process in local bar models of the body frame based on the section libraries. On the second level, the design variables are screened by means of sensitivity analysis, and then the bus body structure is optimized by using the multi-objective genetic algorithm. This approach is implemented into an integral bus body frame during the concept design stage. It is verified that the obtained structure scheme is 10.57% lighter than the target bus model and the major mechanical performances are also better than the target one.

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45

Hamdan, Wisam Kadhum, and Mustafa Mohammed Abdulrazaq. "Sculptured Surface Design and Implementation by Lofting Design Method Using Cross-sectional B-Spline Curves." Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 14, no. 2 (March 14, 2019): 92–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2018.11.004.

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This research presents a particular designing strategy for a free form of surfaces, constructed by the lofting design method. The regarded surfaces were created by sliding a B-spline curves (profile curves), in addition to describing an automatic procedure for selective identification of sampling points in reverse engineering applications using Coordinate Measurement Machine. Two models have been implemented from (Ureol material) to represent the different cases of B-spline types to clarify its scope of application. The interior data of the desired surfaces was designed by MATLAB software, which then were transformed to UG-NX9 software for connecting the sections that were designed in MATLAB program and obtaining G-code programs for the models In addition, a virtual machining process was simulated to show the machining pitfalls, using VERICUT software. The samples were machined using 3-axis vertical CNC machine (Isel) type. Finally, the samples were measured using Faro arm (CMM inspection) and it was found that the average of errors was equal to (0.0589 mm) for the cross-sectional uniform B-spline model, and (0.1337 mm) for the lofted non-uniform B-spline model. It can be concluded that the whole steps task which built in the present research can be programmed in a single block of the part program where any surface at minimum designing time can be created from it.

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Sidhu, Tanvir Kaur, Prabhjot Kaur, Navpreet Kaur Sangha, and Avtar Singh Bansal. "Aggression among adolescents – A cross-sectional study." Adesh University Journal of Medical Sciences & Research 1 (December 27, 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/aujmsr_3_2019.

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Background: Adolescence age group between 10 and 19 years is a transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood. There are about 1.2 billion adolescents in the world, around 243 million of them live in India – contributing to one-fourth of the total population in India (UNICEF – India). Taking into consideration, the increasing acts of violence among adolescent people, this study was initiated to study the prevalence of aggression among adolescents and to find out the associated risk factors. Settings and Design: It was a community-based study conducted in the senior secondary schools of urban and rural field practice area of AIMSR. Materials and Methods: Pre-tested, validated questionnaire and Buss and Perry Aggression score were used to assess the levels of aggression in the participants. Sample size of 250 was taken for each group, i.e., a total of 500. Results and Conclusion: In our study, the total prevalence of aggression was found to be 51.9% with higher scores in urban population, males having more of physical aggression and females having hostility – associated significantly with the age distribution, residency type, etc. Interventions are needed to reduce the levels of aggression among adolescents and provide them a good future.

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Lee, Tian-Soon, and Yueh-Jaw Lin. "Shear deformation effect in design considerations of flexible manipulators." Robotica 11, no. 1 (January 1993): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700015460.

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SUMMARYIn this paper the role that shear deformation effect plays in flexible manipulator dynamics is investigated and reported. The shear deformation effect of manipulators with three typical cross-sectional geometries, namely, hollow round, hollow square, and hollow rectangle, is studied. In addition, one important issue for manipulator design considerations regarding the influence of the link dimension variations on flexible dynamics is also investigated. The dynamic simulation results show that the shear deformation effect is approximately inverse proportional to the thickness of manipulator link regardless of cross-sectional shapes, if the link length is fixed. It can also be observed that the longer the manipulator link the less shear effect will influence the manipulator deflection, although the frequency of deflection variances becomes less. Based on the simulation results, it is suggested that hollow circular cross-sectional link should be adopted to reduce shear effect for short and thin manipulator links as far as the flexible linkage manipulator design is concerned. For hollow square and hollow rectangular link cross-sections, the manipulator link must be long and thick to avoid significant influences of shear effects.

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Yang, Ning Ou, Ying Liang, Chun Yue Huang, and He Geng Wei. "Dynamic Analysis of Communication Cabinet Structure Design." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1113.

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Two communication cabinet finite element analysis(FEA) models with different cross-sectional structure vertical columns were set up. Based on the two communication cabinet FEA models, modal analysis was carried out by using the subspace method; the first 6 order natural frequencies and vibration modes were obtained. Harmonic response analysis was also carried out; the displacement response of the communication cabinet structure under external loading was determined. The dynamic performance comparison of the two communication cabinets with different cross-sectional structure vertical columns was performed, as a result, an effective method is provided for communication cabinet dynamic characteristic optimized design.

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Gebhardt, Jonas. "Cross-Sectional Competences For 4.0-Mindsets In VET." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cplbu-2020-0037.

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AbstractThe present world of work and the private life world are constantly changing. This digital transformation is due to Megatrends, to manure in buzzwords like Industry 4.0, computerization or digitization. Although this developements are slowly becoming apparent, it seems to be clear that future work environments are also becoming more complex. In order to be able to act and shape competently, it is necessary to strengthen the cross-sectional competences of current and future workers and VET-students. This article is a plea for the didactic design and implementation of such cross-sectional competences in the educational practice: Netcompetence can be a sustainable construct for the holistic strengthening of VET students, skilled workers and the human being in a 4.0-world.

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Al-Naabi, Ishaq, and Abdullah Al-Abri. "E-Learning Implementation Barriers during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey Design." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 20, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.8.11.

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Most higher education institutions have embraced emergency remote teaching (ERT) as a response to school and university closures due to the Covid-19 pandemic. We used a cross-sectional survey design to examine teachers’ views on the implementation of e-learning for ERT due to Covid-19 in Omani higher education. We examined four barrier categories: teacher-related, institutional-related, curriculum-related and student-related. We also assessed the relationship between these barrier levels and measured the differences between e-learning and teachers’ gender, academic qualifications, teaching experience and prior experience in e-learning. Through an investigation of 856 university faculty members, we found that student-level barriers had the strongest impact on the implementation of e-learning for ERT during Covid-19. Furthermore, teachers’ academic qualifications and prior experience influenced the success of e-learning practices. Based on these results, we presented some implications with respect to student preparedness, curriculum modifications and institutional readiness for the successful implementation of ERT during Covid-19 or any similar future pandemics.

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