Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cross-sectional design

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cross-sectional design'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cross-sectional design"

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Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. "Basic epidemiology research designs I: cross-sectional design." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 26, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2018.1556415.

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Piegl, L. A., and W. Tiller. "Cross-Sectional Design with Boundary Constraints." Engineering with Computers 15, no. 2 (April 19, 1999): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003660050012.

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Bentamy, Anas, François Guibault, and Jean Yves Trépanier. "Cross-sectional design with curvature constraints." Computer-Aided Design 37, no. 14 (December 2005): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2005.03.005.

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Levin, Kate Ann. "Study design III: Cross-sectional studies." Evidence-Based Dentistry 7, no. 1 (March 2006): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400375.

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Li, Leihong, Vitali V. Volovoi, and Dewey H. Hodges. "Cross-Sectional Design of Composite Rotor Blades." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 53, no. 3 (2008): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.53.240.

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Woodward, Charles D. "Cross-sectional design of B-spline surfaces." Computers & Graphics 11, no. 2 (January 1987): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(87)90032-x.

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Abduh, Muhammad, Tri Alawiyah, Gio Apriansyah, Rusdy Abdullah Sirodj, and M. Win Afgani. "Survey Design: Cross Sectional dalam Penelitian Kualitatif." Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Komputer 3, no. 01 (December 22, 2022): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/jpsk.v3i01.1955.

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Penelitian dilakukan untuk mencari suatu masalah yang belum pasti kebenaran nya, dengan sebuah ilmu pengetahuan dapat ditemukan dari inti permasalahan. Dalam meneliti ada suatu metode dan tidak sembarang metode yang akan digunakan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, kuantitatif, kombinasi, atau pengembangan, setelah itu ada desain. Tujuan dari tulisan yaitu memberikan gambaran bagaimana melaksanakan penelitian dengan survey. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam menyelsaikan makalah ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Kegiatan ini mengkaji kritis pemikiran tokoh-tokoh dan literatur buku, jurnal, dan yang berkaitan lainnya yang memang sesuai dengan materi yang akan disajikan. Desain Cross Sectional merupakan suatu penelitian untuk mempelajari dinamika korelasi antara faktor-faktor resiko dengan efek, dengan cara pendekatan, observasi atau pengumpulan data sekaligus pada suatu saat (point time approach). Artinya, tiap subjek penelitian hanya diobservasi sekali saja dan pengukuran dilakukan terhadap status karakter atau variabel subjek pada saat pemeriksaan. Hal ini tidak berarti bahwa semua subjek penelitian diamati pada waktu yang sama. Desain ini dapat mengetahui dengan jelas mana yang jadi pemajan dan outcome, serta jelas kaitannya hubungan sebab akibatnya.
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SHIMODA, Masatoshi, and Yoshinori ENOHATA. "3203 Minimum Design of Cross Sectional Area subject to Sectional Properties in Preliminary Design Stage." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2006.16 (2006): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2006.16.297.

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Brown, Alan C. "Fundamentals of low radar cross-sectional aircraft design." Journal of Aircraft 30, no. 3 (May 1993): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.46331.

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Puspa Zuleika and Legiran. "Cross-Sectional Study as Research Design in Medicine." Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 3, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v3i2.193.

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A cross-sectional study is an observational study that analyzes data from a population at one point in time. These studies are often used to measure prevalence in medicine, analyze health studies, and describe health characteristics. Unlike other types of observations, in a cross-sectional study, each research subject was only observed once, the measurement of research variables was carried out at the time of the observation, and no follow-up was carried out on the measurements made. These studies are less expensive and easier to perform and help establish preliminary evidence in planning further studies in the future. This article reviews essential characteristics, describes strengths and weaknesses, discusses methodological issues, and provides design recommendations and statistical analysis for cross-sectional studies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cross-sectional design"

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Grieshaber, Michele Marie. "Interactive calculation of cross-sectional areas for aircraft design and analysis." Thesis, This resource online, 1988. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04272010-020357/.

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Gardiner, Christopher J. "Large Area Sintering Test Platform Design and Preliminary Study on Cross Sectional Resolution." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7026.

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Additive manufacturing involves the layer-wise patterned addition of material to create 3D parts, allowing for parts with complex geometries that traditional subtractive manufacturing processes cannot create, while offering good value for low run production parts by eliminating the cost of tooling. Large Area Sintering is a form of powder based additive manufacturing where entire layer cross sections are heated and fused in a single continuous exposure process. This layer by layer powder sintering process is similar to selective laser sintering, but by heating the cross section at a slower and controllable rate there is an opportunity to achieve tighter control over thermal history. This thesis discusses the design, construction, and validation of a large area sintering test platform, as well as a preliminary study on feature resolution. A key component of this system was the integration of an infrared camera, allowing point-wise temperature control of the sintering cross section. There is a hypothesis that longer and controlled heating rates in Large Area Sintering (in comparison to Selective Laser Sintering) would allow the capability to process a wider range of materials, and give more control over the resulting final part properties. The test platform created a repeatable test environment, and successfully demonstrated the capability for point wise temperature control of the sintering cross section, enabling the ability to examine the effects of slower controlled heating rates. Available power on the system was 2.22 W/cm2 for heating, with a temperature control loop time of 160 – 180 ms. The results of the preliminary study on feature resolution also suggested a positive correlation between point wise closed loop temperature control and improved feature resolution, giving motivation for further study.
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Shapla, Tanweer J. "INFERENCE OF ATTRIBUTABLE RISK FOR MULTIPLE EXPOSURE LEVELS UNDER CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLING DESIGN." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1148489335.

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Small, Tamara. "Workplace Violence Prevention Training: A Cross-sectional Study of Home Healthcare Workers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595850151324948.

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Coleman, Emma Elizabeth. "Comparisons of Design Thinking for Engineering Education." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85867.

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Design thinking ability is vital for engineers who are tasked with solving society's toughest sustainable development challenges. Prior research identified that the percentage of design thinkers among freshmen engineering students is greater than the percentage among the general population. However, engineering education's lack of attention to fostering creative ability may cause the design thinking ability of senior engineering students to suffer. The research addressed in this thesis compares the design thinking ability of engineering students across age groups, and compares design thinking ability between the design disciplines of engineering and architecture. To draw design thinking comparisons between these groups, a survey with a nine item design thinking instrument was distributed nationally to freshmen engineering students (n= 2,158), senior engineering students (n= 1,893), and senior architecture students (n= 336). The survey instrument was validated by conducting confirmatory factor analysis on the senior engineering and senior architecture samples' data. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was utilized to statistically compare scores across sample groups. Both the freshmen engineering students (2.80) and senior architecture students (3.30) scored significantly higher on the design thinking scale than senior engineering students (2.59). These results have important implications for engineering educators as engineering education may contribute to a decrease in design thinking among senior engineering students. A lower design thinking score among seniors was consistent across all engineering sub-disciplines and should be of concern to engineering educators, since design thinking skills are critical for the development of engineering solutions to grand societal challenges.
Master of Science
Design thinking is a way of thinking about the design process which places the user at the center of the design. Thinking about design in this way is a vital ability for engineers and other design professionals to develop because it enables them to solve “wicked” problems like sustainable development challenges. Wicked problems are those which are difficult to solve due to the number of conflicting components involved. Prior research has found that design thinkers are more prevalent among engineering students in their first year of study than among students in other majors. However, engineering education does not attribute much attention to the development of creative ability which could cause the design thinking ability of engineering students in their final year of study to be worse than the ability of those in their first year, as well as worse than the ability of students who study other design disciplines like architecture. This study compared the design thinking abilities of engineering students in their final year of study to engineering students in their first year and to architecture students in their final year. The goal of making these comparisons was to explore if engineering education helps or hinders the development of design thinking. A survey with nine questions related to design thinking was distributed nationwide. The data from the survey was collected and statistically analyzed. The results showed that the design thinking ability of engineering students in their final year was significantly lower than the ability of first year engineering students and significantly lower than the ability of final year architecture students. A decrease in design thinking ability between freshmen and senior year must be addressed by engineering educators. The National Academy of Engineers and industry leaders are calling for the development of engineers who are design thinkers, and the results of this paper suggest that some changes may need to occur within the engineering education curriculum to accommodate this need.
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Assaf, Musaid Assaf. "Effects of soil cross-sectional modeling on the site design spectra and fundamental period." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2023.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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PAGANI, ARIELA FRANCESCA. "NELLA BUONA SORTE: IL PROCESSO DI CAPITALIZZAZIONE NELLA RELAZIONE DI COPPIA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2871.

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Il presente progetto di ricerca si è focalizzato sul processo di capitalizzazione, ovvero la condivisione di eventi positivi con il/la partner, da cui ci si aspetta una risposta attiva al fine di prolungare ed aumentare i benefici derivanti dall’evento stesso. L’articolazione in tre studi, di carattere quantitativo, ha permesso di approfondire la conoscenza dell’oggetto di ricerca utilizzando diverse metodologie. Il primo studio ha indagato, attraverso un disegno cross-sectional, la struttura della Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts scale (PRCA) e, attraverso un disegno longitudinale, i benefici intrapersonali ed interpersonali che derivano dagli stili di risposta di capitalizzazione nel tempo. Il secondo e il terzo studio, attraverso il diary method, hanno approfondito il processo di capitalizzazione attraverso l’introduzione di due aspetti innovativi nel processo: la differenziazione tra eventi positivi interni ed esterni alla relazione e la distinzione tra modalità di comunicazione più o meno esplicita dell’evento positivo. Nello specifico, il secondo studio si è focalizzato sui primi due elementi del processo di capitalizzazione (gli eventi positivi e i tentativi di capitalizzazione), mentre il terzo studio ha riguardato gli ultimi due elementi del processo (le risposte ai tentativi di capitalizzazione e la percezione di responsività da parte del/della partner).
The present research project focused on capitalization, that is the process through which people share good news with the partner, who in turn responds in an “active” way to maximize the benefits of the event. Three different studies approached this research object through different methodologies. The aims of the first study were to investigate, through a cross-sectional design, the structure of the Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts (PRCA) scale and to examine, through a longitudinal design, the intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits arising from the capitalization responses over time. The second and the third study, through diary methods, attempted to investigate two unexplored aspects of the capitalization process: the differentiation of the type of positive events (internal vs. external to the couple) and the distinction of the type of communication of the event (implicit vs. explicit). Specifically, the second study focused on the first two elements of the capitalization process (positive events and attempts to capitalization), while the third study concerned the last two elements of the process (responses to capitalization attempts and responsiveness).
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PAGANI, ARIELA FRANCESCA. "NELLA BUONA SORTE: IL PROCESSO DI CAPITALIZZAZIONE NELLA RELAZIONE DI COPPIA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2871.

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Il presente progetto di ricerca si è focalizzato sul processo di capitalizzazione, ovvero la condivisione di eventi positivi con il/la partner, da cui ci si aspetta una risposta attiva al fine di prolungare ed aumentare i benefici derivanti dall’evento stesso. L’articolazione in tre studi, di carattere quantitativo, ha permesso di approfondire la conoscenza dell’oggetto di ricerca utilizzando diverse metodologie. Il primo studio ha indagato, attraverso un disegno cross-sectional, la struttura della Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts scale (PRCA) e, attraverso un disegno longitudinale, i benefici intrapersonali ed interpersonali che derivano dagli stili di risposta di capitalizzazione nel tempo. Il secondo e il terzo studio, attraverso il diary method, hanno approfondito il processo di capitalizzazione attraverso l’introduzione di due aspetti innovativi nel processo: la differenziazione tra eventi positivi interni ed esterni alla relazione e la distinzione tra modalità di comunicazione più o meno esplicita dell’evento positivo. Nello specifico, il secondo studio si è focalizzato sui primi due elementi del processo di capitalizzazione (gli eventi positivi e i tentativi di capitalizzazione), mentre il terzo studio ha riguardato gli ultimi due elementi del processo (le risposte ai tentativi di capitalizzazione e la percezione di responsività da parte del/della partner).
The present research project focused on capitalization, that is the process through which people share good news with the partner, who in turn responds in an “active” way to maximize the benefits of the event. Three different studies approached this research object through different methodologies. The aims of the first study were to investigate, through a cross-sectional design, the structure of the Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts (PRCA) scale and to examine, through a longitudinal design, the intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits arising from the capitalization responses over time. The second and the third study, through diary methods, attempted to investigate two unexplored aspects of the capitalization process: the differentiation of the type of positive events (internal vs. external to the couple) and the distinction of the type of communication of the event (implicit vs. explicit). Specifically, the second study focused on the first two elements of the capitalization process (positive events and attempts to capitalization), while the third study concerned the last two elements of the process (responses to capitalization attempts and responsiveness).
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Umezulike, Bedford Nwabueze. "Is Modernization the Engine of Political Instability?: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Time-Series Test of Causality." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331077/.

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Traditional studies of the modernization-instability thesis have neglected the simultaneous influence of time and place on the relationship between modernization (social mobilization and political participation) and political instability, and the possible causal linkage between the two concepts. Empirical support for modernization-instability hypothesis will be obtained if and only if there is a strong positive correlation between modernization and political instability and the former causes the latter unidirectionally. Only then can one assert that modernization is exogenous, and that a policy geared toward restricting modernization is a proper anti-instability policy. This work attempts to address the question of correlation and causality through a pooled time-series cross-sectional data design and the use of Granger-causality tests. Particular attention is paid to the error structure of the models. Using pooled regression, a model of political instability is estimated for a total of 35 countries for the period 1960-1982. Granger tests are performed on twelve separate countries randomly selected from the 35. The results indicate that there is the expected positive relationship between modernization and political instability. Further, political institutionalization and economic well-being have strong negative influence on political instability. With regard to causality, the results vary by country. Some countries experience no causality between modernization and political instability, while some witness bidirectional causality. Further, some nations experience unidirectional causality running from modernization to political instability, while some depict a reverse causation. The main results suggest that modernization and political instability are positively related, and that political instability can have causal influence on modernization, just as modernization can exert causal influence on political instability.
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Stavric, Verna A. "Muscle power after stroke." AUT University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/131.

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Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. It often leads to mobility limitations resulting from deficits in muscle performance. While reduced muscle strength and rate of force production have been reported, little is known about the power generating capability of people after stroke and its relationship to mobility. Research in other populations has found that measures of muscle power may have a greater association with activity performance than do measures of muscle force alone. Consequently, in an attempt to optimise power, investigators have focused on identifying ideal parameters within which to train for power. One such parameter is the identification of the loading level at which maximal power is generated. Literature reporting optimal loads from both young athletic and healthy older populations has yielded mixed results, making the applicability to a hemiparetic population difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle power performance at differing loads and to determine at what load muscle power is best elicited in hemiparetic and age and gender matched control groups. A secondary aim was to ascertain whether there is a relationship between the muscle power values obtained and activities such as gait, stair climbing and standing from a chair. Twenty nine hemiparetic volunteers and twenty nine age and gender matched controls were evaluated. Involved and uninvolved legs of the stroke group and a comparison leg of the control group underwent testing. Leg press muscle power was measured using a modified supine leg press machine at 30%, 50% and 70% of a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) load. Participants were positioned on the leg press machine and asked to push, with a single leg, as hard and as fast as they could. Data was collected via a mounted force platform and a linear transducer connected to a platform on which the participants lay. From these, power was able to be calculated. The activities were timed while being performed as fast as possible. The results showed that peak muscle power values differed significantly between the involved, uninvolved and control legs. Peak leg power in all three leg groups was greatest when pushing against a load of 30% of 1-RM. Involved leg peak power tested at 30% of 1-RM (Mean:240; SD:145 W) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the uninvolved leg (Mean:506; SD:243 W). Both the involved and uninvolved legs generated significantly lower peak power (p<0.05) than the control leg (Mean:757; SD:292 W). Correlations were found between the involved leg peak power and gait speed and involved leg peak power and stair climbing (r=0.6-0.7, p<0.05). No correlation was found between paretic leg peak power and chair stands. The control group leg peak power demonstrated significant associations with the performance of all three activities.In summary, there were significant differences between the involved and the uninvolved leg in power production after stroke. As well, there are significant differences between the uninvolved leg and the leg of those not affected by stroke. Power was related to a number of activities.
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Books on the topic "Cross-sectional design"

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Milliken, Paul. The effect of cross-sectional geometry on heavy vehicle performance and safety. Wellington, N.Z: Transfund New Zealand, 2005.

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1917-, Bové Frank James, New Jersey. State Dept. of Health., and National Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control (U.S.). Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities., eds. Population-based surveillance and etiological research of adverse reproductive outcomes and toxic wastes.: A cross-sectional study. [New Jersey]: New Jersey Dept. of Health, 1992.

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Loffredo, Anna Maria, Rainer Wenrich, Charlotte Axelsson, and Wanja Kröger, eds. Changing Time - Shaping World. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839461358.

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A World of Changemakers - how can a hybrid arts lecture series concept in e-learning create attitudes and shape skills as a playful and critical thinking navigator in an uncertain world? To re-create meaning is an interdisciplinary cross-sectional task of our zeitgeist in a civil society. The international contributors represent key roles in relevant philosophical, technical or economic debates, non-university community art & design projects or companies.
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Walters, Stephen John. Quality of life outcomes in clinical trials and health-care evaluation: A practical guide to analysis and interpretation. Chichester, U.K: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

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Quality of life outcomes in clinical trials and health-care evaluation: A practical guide to analysis and interpretation. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

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Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. 6. Research Design. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198702740.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the basic principles of research design. It first considers different types of research design, including experimental designs, cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, comparative designs, and historical research designs. It also discusses two types of research validity: internal validity and external validity. The chapter proceeds by describing various methods of data collection and the sort of data or evidence each provides, including questionnaires and surveys, interviewing and focus groups, ethnographic research, and discourse/content analysis. Finally, it examines six issues that must be taken into account to ensure ethical research: voluntary participation, informed consent, privacy, harm, exploitation, and consequences for future research.
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Ray, Sumantra (Shumone), Sue Fitzpatrick, Rajna Golubic, Susan Fisher, and Sarah Gibbings, eds. Navigating research methods: quantitative and clinical/epidemiological methods. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608478.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on various types of study design used in clinical and healthcare research with an emphasis on observational studies whilst randomised controlled trials are explained in Chapter 15. Within observational studies, the distinction between descriptive and analytical studies is made and different sources of error in epidemiological studies are reviewed. Main features, advantages and disadvantages of analytical observational studies are described for the following designs: ecological studies, cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies. A brief overview of experimental studies is also given. Measures of disease occurrence (prevalence, cumulative incidence, incidence rate) as well as effect measures (1.difference measures, ie. attributable risk, and 2. ratio measures, i.e. relative risk, odds ratio, relative risk reduction, attributable fraction) are reviewed. The chapter also presents major characteristics of meta-analysis.
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Hillygus, D. Sunshine, and Steven Snell. Longitudinal Surveys. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.7.

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Longitudinal or panel surveys, in which the same individuals are interviewed repeatedly over time, are increasingly common in the social sciences. The benefit of such surveys is that they track the same respondents so that researchers can measure individual-level change over time, offering greater causal leverage than cross-sectional surveys. Panel surveys share the challenges of other surveys while also facing several unique issues in design, implementation, and analysis. This chapter considers three such challenges: (1) the tension between continuity and innovation in the questionnaire design; (2) panel attrition, whereby some individuals who complete the first wave of the survey fail to participate in subsequent waves; and (3) specific types of measurement error—panel conditioning and seam bias. It includes an overview of these issues and their implications for data quality and outlines approaches for diagnosing and correcting for these issues in the design and analysis of panel surveys.
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Stephens, Keri K. You Can’t Assume a Spherical Chicken. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190625504.003.0013.

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Much of the research on mobile communication has been cross-sectional, focused on a single organization at one point in time. White-collar workers are the ones most often studied because they pioneered the use of mobile devices. When they first hear about this research, they’re shocked to learn that everyone doesn’t communicate like they do. People from all backgrounds should realize that their own assumptions can blind them to understanding and being compassionate about differences. It might be a violation of others’ hopes for a colleague or friend to be unreachable during work hours, but people must learn how to have conversations that re-set expectations and allow them to take control over their own time. Finally, armed with this information, human resources and information technology professionals can design BYOD policies that provide the training and support to allow all types of workers to use mobile devices productively.
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Bhopal, Raj S. Epidemiological study designs and principles of data analysis: A conceptually integrated suite of methods and techniques. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739685.003.0009.

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Epidemiological studies are unified by their common goals and by their basis in defined populations. The case series (or register-based study) includes examination of trends in deaths, cancers, notifiable diseases, and hospitalizations. Case–control studies are analysed by comparing the exposure to risk factors in cases to those in controls. In a population studied at a specific time and place (a cross-sectional study), measurements can be made of disease, the factors which may cause disease, or both simultaneously. Cohort studies produce data on disease incidence and are especially good on associations between risk factors and disease outcomes. Trials compare treated and untreated populations and are used, primarily, for information on effectiveness of health interventions. Natural experiments, including Mendelian randomization studies, may provide causal evidence. The principles for the analysis of all studies are similar. The design and interpretation should be in the context of traditional, systematic, and meta-analytic reviews.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cross-sectional design"

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Pan, Xi. "Repeated Cross-Sectional Design." In Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_578-1.

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Hunziker, Stefan, and Michael Blankenagel. "Cross-Sectional Research Design." In Research Design in Business and Management, 187–99. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34357-6_10.

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Pan, Xi. "Repeated Cross-Sectional Design." In Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging, 4246–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_578.

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Hua, Zhu, and Annabelle David. "Study Design: Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, Case, and Group." In The Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and Multilingualism, 88–107. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444301120.ch6.

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Zakour, Michael J., and David F. Gillespie. "Cross-Sectional Design and Linear Statistics in Vulnerability Research." In Community Disaster Vulnerability, 73–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5737-4_5.

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Rozvany, George I. N. "Optimal Plastic Design of Beams with Freely Variable Cross-Sectional Dimensions." In Mechanics of Elastic and Inelastic Solids, 81–114. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1161-1_3.

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Lesser, Martin L. "Design and Interpretation of Observational Studies: Cohort, Case–Control, and Cross-Sectional Designs." In Principles of Research Methodology, 55–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3360-6_4.

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Strang, Kenneth D. "Cross-Sectional Survey and Multiple Correspondence Analysis of Financial Manager Behavior." In The Palgrave Handbook of Research Design in Business and Management, 223–38. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137484956_14.

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Xiang, Jie, Yong Chen, and Youmin Guo. "Synchronized Design Optimization Method of Body Joints and Major Cross Sectional Members." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 531–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33835-9_48.

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Zhao, Lijun, and Tiesheng Dou. "Theoretical Study of the Reinforcement of Pre-stressed Concrete Cylinder Pipes with External Pre-stressed Strands." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 467–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_42.

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AbstractReinforcement of the pre-stressed concrete cylinder pipes with external pre-stressed strands is an effective way to enhance a prestressed concrete cylinder pipe’s ability to bear the design hydraulic pressure. A theoretical derivation is studied, and this formula derivation could be used to determine the cross-sectional area per unit length. This derivation determine the cross-sectional area and target tensile strength of steel strands in order to meet the requirements of ultimate limit states, serviceability limit states, and quasi-permanent limit states. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental results. This paper could provide technical supports for the application of the external reinforcement of PCCPs with strands.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cross-sectional design"

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Zuo, Qian, Liaqat Ali, and Yong Bai. "Cross-Sectional Design and Case Study for Flexible Pipe." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-60368.

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Abstract Flexible pipes are compounded by many concentric layers, with different structural and operational functions. These layers are usually made of distinct materials, including metal and plastic. To accurately meet the working requirements of the pipes and reduce its production cost, the primary purpose of this paper is to present the cross-sectional design procedure and the case study for a specific unbonded flexible pipe is also illustrated. In this paper, the mathematical analysis and finite element analysis are employed to study the properties of pipe under different working conditions. A theoretical model for stresses and deformations of the pipe have been studied, and the obtained results have been compared with the ones from the FEM which is used to simulate the pipe under different working conditions. Additionally, the several models will be developed to study mechanical responses of pipes subjected to several loads. The results and FEA models can be useful for the designing structure of flexible pipes.
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Lim, Chek T., and Mark T. Ensz. "Reconstruction of Cross-Sectional Data Using Implicit Solid Modelling." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dac-1606.

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Abstract In this paper, we present a new technique for constructing mathematical representations of solids from cross-sectional data sets. A collection of 2D cross-sections is generated from the sliced data by merging circular primitives using Implicit Solid Modelling (ISM) techniques which approximate Boolean unions. The spatial locations and radii of the circles for each slice are determined through a nonlinear optimization process. The cost function employed in these optimizations is a measure of discrepancies in the distance from points to the boundary of the reconstructed cross-section. The starting configuration of the optimization, (i.e. initial size and location of the primitives) is determined from a 2D Delaunay triangulation of each slice of the data set. A morphing technique utilizing blending functions is applied to merge the implicit functions describing each slice into a 3D solid. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated through the reconstruction of several sample data sets, including a femur and a vertebra.
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Izui, Kazuhiro, Shinji Nishiwaki, and Masataka Yoshimura. "An Optimal Cross-Sectional Design Method for Automotive Body Frames." In International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-2782.

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Gao, Feng, and Radha Sarma. "A Declarative Feature-Based Cross Sectional Design Tool for Surface Micromachined MEMS." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21775.

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Abstract Currently MEMS designers begin the geometric design of a new device by creating the masks that would lead to a geometric model. At the macro-level, this would be analogous to generating a geometric model from the tool paths, which would be a very tedious task. In contrast to MEMS designers, designers of macro-devices have the advantage of starting with a geometric model and of being able to directly visualize or manipulate their designs. The geometric model is then queried to generate manufacturing-related data. In the case of surface micromachined MEMS, until very recently, there has been no systematic means to automatically generate the mask data after a geometric model of the MEMS device has been refined through behavioral simulations. This has resulted in the lack of geometric design tools that would potentially aid the MEMS designer in creating MEMS devices. This paper focuses on developing a declarative, feature-based design tool for the cross sectional design of surface micromachined MEMS, which enables MEMS designers to create fabrication-ready models of MEMS devices in an intuitive environment that is transparent to the fabrication process. The structured nature of MEMS fabrication processes has been exploited to develop a design-by-features approach tailored to MEMS design. In comparison to most macro-design tools where a design-by-features approach does not provide full flexibility, in the case of MEMS, the structured nature of the fabrication process allows for a comprehensive definition of design features that can be systematically mapped to fabrication features. In addition, feature dependency graphs and constraint graphs enable feature reparametrization leading to the easy manipulation of MEMS designs.
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Zhao, Wenzhong, and Shapour Azarm. "A Cross-Sectional Shape Multiplier Method for Two-Level Optimum Design of Frames." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0068.

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Abstract In this paper, a new method for optimum design of frame structures is presented. The method is based on a hierarchical decomposition of the structure into two-levels, namely, the bottom- and the top-level. The bottom-level consists of several subproblems each dealing with the cross-sectional sizing of a given frame-element. The top-level consists of one subproblem which is formulated for configuration design of the frame structure. Since there may be a large number of frame elements, a new shape multiplier method has been developed to simplify the formulation of the bottom-level subproblems. Furthermore, a two-level solution procedure has been developed which first solves the bottom-level subproblems based on their monotonicity analysis. It then solves the top-level subproblem as it coordinates, based on a linear approximation, the solutions to the bottom-level subproblems. Three examples with increasing degree of difficulty are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
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DING, Y., and B. ESPING. "Optimum design of frames with beams of different cross-sectional shapes." In 27th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-918.

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Yang, Chengwei, Zhen-yuan Liu, and Bao Kang. "the geometry optimization design of a rectangular cross-sectional rail launcher." In 2014 International Conference on Computer Science and Electronic Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccset-14.2015.73.

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Teng, Voon Nyet, Abdul Rahman Abdul Manaf, Mohommad Rezal Hamzah, Husna Afifi Mohd Yusoff, Huzili Hussin, Adila Ismail, and Yasmin Ahmad. "Factors contributing to online gaming addiction: A cross-sectional survey among university students." In PROCEEDINGS OF GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0044226.

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Green, Clare. "EVOLUTIONS IN INTER-YEAR TEAM WORKING: A LONG-TERM CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW." In The 22nd International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. The Design Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35199/epde.2020.49.

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Menon, Jai, Ranjit Desai, and Jay Buckey. "Constraint-Based Reverse Engineering From Ultrasound Cross-Sections." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dfm-4365.

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Abstract This paper extends the “cross-sectional” approach for reverse engineering, used abundantly in biomedical applications, to the mechanical domain. We propose a combination of “projective” and cross-sectional algorithms for handling physical artifacts with complex topology and geometry. In addition, the paper introduces the concept of constraint-based reverse engineering, where the constraint parameters could include one or more of the following: time, storage (memory, disk-space), network bandwidth, Quality of Service (output-resolution), and so forth. We describe a specific reverse-engineering application which uses ultrasound (tilt-echo) imaging to reverse engineer spatial enumeration (volume) representations from cross-sectional data. The constraint here is time, and we summarize how our implementation can satisfy real-time reconstruction for distribution of the volume data on the internet. We present results that show volume representations computed from static objects. Since the algorithms are tuned to satisfy time constraints, this method is extendable to reverse engineer temporally-varying (elastic) objects. The current reverse engineering processing time is constrained by the data-acquisition (tilt-echo imaging) process, and the entire reverse engineering pipeline has been optimized to compute incremental volume representations in the order of 3 seconds on a network of four processors.
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Reports on the topic "Cross-sectional design"

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Al-Kaddo, Hajar, Alison Halford, Jonathan Nixon, and Elena Gaura. The HEED project: Summary of multi-level cross sectional impact. Coventry University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/heed/2021/0004.

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Globally, there are 82.4 million displaced people and 26.4 million refugees[i]. An estimated 7 million displaced people in camps have access to electricity for less than four hours a day[ii], making them among the most likely groups left behind in the global drive for improved energy access. In settings that are both precarious economically and politically, humanitarian actors need access to design protocols and pathways for energy products and services that deliver inclusive, affordable, and sustainable energy systems that benefit camp-based populations now and in the future. This briefing paper overviews three impacts that emerged from the project outcomes that can aid short and long-term improved access to energy and sustainability of energy systems for refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs).
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Kumban, Wannisa, Anoma Santiworakul, and Salila Cetthakrikul. The effect of Animal Assisted Therapy on physical activity in elderly. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0049.

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Review question / Objective: What are the effect of Animal Assisted Therapy on physical activity in elderly. PICOs P: Elderly; I: Animal Assisted Therapy; C: Compare; O: Physical activity, physical fitness, health-related fitness; S: experimental study/ compare between group/ pre-post test. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria comprised any studies that provided experimental study design or observational data on cross-sectional comparisons between groups. The outcome analyzed in this review was the effect of animal assisted or pet or human-animal interaction on physical activity that was studied in all elderly populations (age > 60 years), in any setting e.g., home, community-based, or hospital. The articles were published in English full-text articles only between 2012 and 2022.
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CHEN, Danfeng, Jianquan CHEN, Xutong ZHENG, Zhuzhu QIN, Simin HUANG, and Chenju ZHAN. Stigma in colorectal cancer patients with colostomy, China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of current status and associated psychological factors. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0073.

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Review question / Objective: To analyze the current stigma and related factors of colorectal cancer stoma patients in China using Meta-analysis. To analyze the current stigma and related factors of colorectal cancer stoma patients in China using Meta-analysis.: (1) The study design was: an observational study (cohort study, case-control study, cross-sectional study) (2) The study population was post-stoma patients with colorectal cancer in China (3) The study index needed to contain at least one scale related to the stigma that was tested for reliability (4) The outcome index needed to contain the level of stigma (x± s) or at least one psychological variable related to stigma after colorectal cancer stoma and report the correlation coefficient.
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Mwebe, Robert, Chester Kalinda, Ekwaro A. Obuku, Eve Namisango, Alison A. Kinengyere, Moses Ocan, Ann Nanteza, Savino Biryomumaisho, and Lawrence Mugisha. Epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions for Foot and Mouth Disease in Africa: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0039.

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Review question / Objective: What is the epidemiology and effectiveness of control measures for foot and mouth disease in African countries?’ PICOS: Description of elements Population/ problem/Setting: Artiodactyla (cloven ungulates), domestic (cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs), camels and wildlife (buffaloes, deer, antelope, wild pigs, elephant, giraffe, and camelids) affected by Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) or Hoof and Mouth Disease (HMD) caused by the Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) in Africa. Intervention: Prevention measures: vaccination, ‘biosafety and biosecurity’, sensitization of the public. Control measures: quarantine, movement control, closure of markets and stock routes, mouth swabbing of animals with infected materials (old technique that is no long applicable), culling, mass slaughter, stamping out and any other interventions or control measures generally accepted by the ‘community of practice’ of animal health practitioners. Comparator: areas that did not have any control activities for FMD, in head-to-head comparisons in the same study. Outcome: epidemiological outcomes: incidence, prevalence, patterns or trends, clinical symptoms, and risk factors. Effectiveness outcomes: success, and usefulness of the interventions measured as averted deaths, illness and infections, and costs associated with the interventions (cost–effectiveness). Study design: epidemiological designs include cohort design for incidence, cross sectional for prevalence and case-control for clinical symptoms and risk factors. Interventional designs include randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized trials, quasi-experimental designs – controlled before and after, interrupted time series, [regression discontinuity design, difference-in-difference, and propensity score matching]. Timelines: 1900 – 2022.
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Villamizar-Villegas, Mauricio, and Yasin Kursat Onder. Uncovering Time-Specific Heterogeneity in Regression Discontinuity Designs. Banco de la República de Colombia, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1141.

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The literature that employs Regression Discontinuity Designs (RDD) typically stacks data across time periods and cutoff values. While practical, this procedure omits useful time heterogeneity. In this paper we decompose the RDD treatment effect into its weighted time-value parts. This analysis adds richness to the RDD estimand, where each time-specific component can be different and informative in a manner that is not expressed by the single cutoff or pooled regressions. To illustrate our methodology, we present two empirical examples: one using repeated cross-sectional data and another using time-series. Overall, we show a significant heterogeneity in both cutoff and time-specific effects. From a policy standpoint, this heterogeneity can pick up key differences in treatment across economically relevant episodes. Finally, we propose a new estimator that uses all observations from the original design and which captures the incremental effect of policy given a state variable. We show that this estimator is generally more precise compared to those that exclude observations exposed to other cutoffs or time periods. Our proposed framework is simple and easily replicable and can be applied to any RDD application that carries an explicitly traceable time dimension.
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Chen, Pan, Hong Cai, and Yu-Tao Xiang. Global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among older adults living in nursing homes: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0098.

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Review question / Objective: To explore the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among older adults living in nursing homes. among older adults living in nursing homes. Eligibility criteria: The inclusion criteria were defined based on the PICOS acronym: Participants (P): Older adults living in nursing homes and were screened for mild cognitive impairment (MCI); Intervention (I): not applicable; Comparison (C): not applicable; Outcome (O): prevalence of MCI or the data can calculate the prevalence of MCI; Study design (S): cohort studies with reporting baseline data, case-control, cross-sectional, and studies with accessible data published in a peer-reviewed journal. Exclusion criteria included samples from mixed resources (e.g. nursing homes and communities), reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case studies, or commentaries were excluded. When the samples in more than one published paper from the same dataset, only the one with the largest sample was included.
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Yang, Hui, Xi-Xi Wan, Hui Ma, Zhen LI, Li Weng, Ying Xia, and Xiao-Ming Zhang. Prevalence and mortality risk of low skeletal muscle mass in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0132.

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Review question / Objective: The PICOS principle was adopted when we confirmed the study eligibility. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients were critically ill, which was defined as adult patients who were from the ICU department; (2) exposure: patients had a clear definition of LSMM based on CT scans, anthropometric methods and ultrasound; (3) presented the prevalence of LSMM or could be calculated by the available data from the article; and (4) study design: observational study (cohort study or cross-sectional study). Articles that were reviews, case reports, comments, correspondences, letters or only abstracts were excluded. Condition being studied: Critical illness often results in low skeletal muscle mass for multiple reasons. Multiple studies have explored the association between low skeletal muscle mass and mortality. The prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass and its association with mortality are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to identify the prevalence and mortality risk of low skeletal muscle mass among critically ill patients.
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Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.

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Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance of alternative MLMS units was performed. These MLMS included an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a portable backpack system along with its vehicle-mounted version, a medium-grade wheel-based system, and a high-grade wheel-based system. Point cloud from all the MLMS units were in agreement in the vertical direction within the ±3 cm range for solid surfaces, such as paved roads, and ±7 cm range for surfaces with vegetation. The portable backpack system that could be carried by a surveyor or mounted on a vehicle and was the most flexible MLMS. The report concludes that due to flexibility and cost effectiveness of the portable backpack system, it is the preferred platform for mapping roadside ditches, followed by the medium-grade wheel-based system. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulders, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data, and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulder, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively.
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Carvalho, Rita, João Tavares, and Liliana Sousa. Instruments for assessing loneliness in older people in Portugal: a Scoping Review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0002.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map the instruments validate for the Portuguese older population (65+ years old) that assess loneliness; and to identify their psychometric properties and contexts where they have been in use. The questions for this scoping review are: What are the validated instruments for Portugal that assess loneliness in the older individuals? What are the psychometric properties of those instruments? In which contexts were the loneliness assessment instruments used? Eligibility criteria: Participants – This scoping review will consider all studies that included older adults with 65 years and over. Concept – This review will be included studies that assess loneliness or cover loneliness by validated instruments that address different dimensions, including, but not limited to, emotional or social. Context – This scoping review will consider studies that used validated instruments the loneliness in Portuguese older adults including, but not limited to the context of community, intermediate care, long-term care or acute care. Types of sources - This scoping review will consider quantitative and mixed-method studies. In the quantitative designs include experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and analytical observational studies including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, and analytical cross-sectional studies will be considered for inclusion. This review will also consider descriptive observational study designs including case series, individual case reports, and descriptive cross-sectional studies for inclusion.
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Butler, Nadia, and Soha Karam. Evidence Review: COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance by Key Influencers in the MENA Region - Teachers and Healthworkers. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.039.

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As COVID-19 vaccines have been deployed and scaled, concerns about vaccine acceptance have emerged. Effective management of the virus requires that communities everywhere buy into the public health measures designed to protect them, including vaccines. Low acceptance presents a serious challenge for achieving sufficient coverage to reduce circulation of the virus and the risk of new variants emerging. Surveys conducted early in the pandemic showed that the Middle East region had one of the lowest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates globally. The low acceptance is driven by specific factors in the region and its different countries and populations; these factors need to be taken into account when formulating policy, programmes and interventions. This review synthesises evidence on vaccine acceptance among two key groups in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: teachers and health workers. It draws from academic studies most of which were cross-sectional studies, largely conducted between February 2020 and June 2021, and grey literature reports, including social listening reports. This review is intended to inform strategies for risk communications and community engagement (RCCE) relating to COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with the aim of boosting confidence in and acceptance of the vaccines among these groups across the region. It is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on social science considerations relating to COVID-19 vaccines and was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica (Nadia Butler and Soha Karam) at the request of the UNICEF MENA Regional Office. It was reviewed by Rose Aynsley (WHO) Amaya Gillespie (UNICEF) and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). The evidence review is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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